zotero/storage/F68TJHX2/0910.html

393 lines
170 KiB
HTML
Raw Normal View History

2024-08-27 21:48:20 -05:00
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns=http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml xml:lang=en style lang=en><!--
Page saved with SingleFile
url: http://arxiv.org/abs/0910.5658
saved date: Fri Jul 12 2024 15:21:36 GMT-0400 (EDT)
--><meta charset=utf-8>
<title>[0910.5658] Physical interpretation of the fringe shift measured on Michelson interferometer in optical media</title>
<meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<meta name=msapplication-TileColor content=#da532c>
<meta name=theme-color content=#ffffff>
<style media=screen>body{margin:0;padding:0;background-color:#fff;color:#000;font-family:"Lucida Grande",helvetica,arial,verdana,sans-serif}a:link,a:visited,a:active{text-decoration:none;font-weight:normal}a:hover{text-decoration:underline}abbr{border-bottom:0}img{border:0}em{font-weight:bold;font-style:normal}.primary-subject{font-weight:bold}#cu-identity{font-family:verdana,arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:63.125%;color:#fff;background-color:#222;width:100%;display:flex;justify-content:space-between}#cu-logo{position:relative;left:10px;top:2px;width:300px;height:49px}#cu-logo a img{width:200px}#support-ack{top:12px;right:0%;margin:0 12px 0 0;padding:8px 0;text-align:right;font-size:120%;font-weight:normal;font-family:"Lucida Grande",helvetica,arial,verdana,sans-serif;color:#fff}#support-ack-url{max-width:400px;float:right;display:block}#support-ack-url a{color:#fff;border:none;text-decoration:underline}#support-ack-url a:hover{color:#1e8bc3}#header{background-color:#b31b1b;color:#fff;margin:0;padding:10px 0 10px 0;border-bottom:2px solid #ccc;position:relative;overflow:auto}#header .header-breadcrumbs{margin:0;font-size:1em;padding:10px 0 .2em 10px;font-style:normal;float:left;display:inline-flex;align-items:center}#header .header-breadcrumbs span{margin-right:5px;margin-left:5px}#header a,#header a:visited{color:#fff;text-decoration:none}#header a:hover{text-decoration:underline}#header form{margin:0 12px 0 0;padding:0;text-align:right;font-size:.8em;line-height:100%}#header form input,#header form select{margin:0;padding:0}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.search-block.level-right{clear:both!important}#header .header-breadcrumbs{float:none;text-align:center}}main{flex-grow:1}.flex-wrap-footer{display:flex;min-height:100vh;flex-direction:column}footer ul li{display:flex;align-items:center;font-size:14px}footer ul li a{font-size:13.5px}footer{background-color:hsl(0,0%,95%);color:#000;padding:1em 2em;font-size:0.9rem;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;margin-top:6rem}footer a,footer a:visited{color:#000;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;line-height:1.75em}footer a:hover,footer a:active{color:#005e9d;border-bottom:1px dotted #005e9d;text-decoration:none}footer ul{padding:0;margin:0}footer .sorry-app-links .help{font-size:0.75rem;margin-bottom:0;line-height:1.75em}footer .sorry-app-links .help a,footer .sorry-app-links .help a:visited{border-bottom:1px dotted #000}footer .sorry-app-links .help a:hover,footer .sorry-app-links .help a:active{border-bottom:1px dotted #005e9d}footer .sorry-app-links svg.icon{margin-bottom:-2px!important}footer .sorry-app-links .icon.filter-black:hover,footer .sorry-app-links .icon.filter-black:active,footer .sorry-app-links a:hover .icon.filter-black,footer .sorry-app-links a:hover .icon.filter-black{fill:#005e9d!important}footer .sorry-app-links .a11y-main-link{font-size:110%;border-bottom:1px solid transparent!important;padding:0;margin:0}@media screen and (max-width:768px){footer .sorry-app-links.column{padding:0}}.endorsers .help{position:relative;top:4rem}@media screen and (min-width:990px){.endorsers .help{top:5rem}}@media screen and (min-width:769px){.columns{display:flex;flex-direction:row}}.icon{width:.9rem;margin-right:.45em;margin-top:-.15rem}.help{font-family:"Lucida Grande","Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;display:block;font-size:0.75rem;margin-top:0.25rem}#content,#content-inner{margin:.7em;font-size:90%}#abs-outer,#abs{margin:-0.7em}#abs-outer .leftcolumn{margin:0 0 1em 0;padding:0px;width:calc(100% - 18em);float:left}#abs-outer .extra-services{float:right;margin:0;width:18em}#abs-outer .extra-services span.bib-cite-button{color:rgb(0,0,238);font-weight:bold;padding:.35em;display:block;text-transform:capitalize}#abs-outer .extra-services span.bib-cite-button:hover,#abs-outer .extra-services span.bib-cite-button:focus{text-decoration:underline;cursor:pointer}#labstabs{clear:both;margin:1em 1.5em}#labstabs .labstabs{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;white-space:normal;justify-content:flex-start}#labstabs .labstabs>label{order:1;display:block;pa
<link rel=canonical href=http://arxiv.org/abs/0910.5658><meta property=og:type content=website>
<meta property=og:site_name content=arXiv.org>
<meta property=og:title content="Physical interpretation of the fringe shift measured on Michelson interferometer in optical media">
<meta property=og:url content=https://arxiv.org/abs/0910.5658v4>
<meta property=og:image content=/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logo-fb.png>
<meta property=og:image:secure_url content=/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logo-fb.png>
<meta property=og:image:width content=1200>
<meta property=og:image:height content=700>
<meta property=og:image:alt content="arXiv logo">
<meta property=og:description content="I have found experimentally that in vacuum (refractive index $n$ = 1.) the shift of interference fringe in Michelson interferometer is absent because of the absence of particles on the light path. The shift of interference fringe appears only at a certain concentration of particles in the luminiferous medium. The increase of the remnant air pressure in the optical tubes of the interferometer (of the length 6 m in each arm) from 1 mm Hg to 1500 mm Hg reveals first indications of the interference fringe shift (about 0.015 of its width) only at the air pressure 300 mm Hg ($n$ = 1.00014...). The increase of the air pressure in optical tubes up to 760 mm Hg ($n$ = 1.0003...) adds twice the amplitude of the harmonic shift of the interference fringe giving ~0.03, and at the pressure 1500 mm Hg the harmonic fringe shift ~0.06 became conspicuous. The S-shaped with the change of sign dependence of the fringe shift on the index of refraction $n$ was found. Thus the estimation of the horizontal projection of the velocity of the Earth relative to aether is obtained. At the latitude of Obninsk this velocity varies depending on the time of day and night within 140 - 480 km/s. The forth version of the report is complemented with the account of the harmful effect on registering the shift $ΔX_m$ of the interference fringe of the improperly installed in turning-points of the zigzag light path glass mirrors. The nullifying of the shift in air interferometers may occur because of opposite signs of contributions of the air and glass optical media through the discovered by me law $ΔX_m \sim lΔε(1-Δε)$. This may be the cause of obtaining negative results in majority of Michelson-type experiments known to date.">
<meta name=twitter:site content=@arxiv>
<meta name=twitter:card content=summary>
<meta name=twitter:title content="Physical interpretation of the fringe shift measured on Michelson...">
<meta name=twitter:description content="I have found experimentally that in vacuum (refractive index $n$ = 1.) the shift of interference fringe in Michelson interferometer is absent because of the absence of particles on the light path....">
<meta name=twitter:image content=https://static.arxiv.org/icons/twitter/arxiv-logo-twitter-square.png>
<meta name=twitter:image:alt content="arXiv logo">
<style media=screen>.visually-hidden{clip-path:inset(100%);clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);height:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;white-space:nowrap;width:1px}.button-and-tooltip{position:relative;display:inline}.button-and-tooltip button{background:transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;position:relative;padding:0 0 0 6px}td.tablecell.arxivdoi,td.tablecell.doi{display:inline-flex;align-items:center}.arrow{width:0;height:0;border-left:8px solid transparent;border-right:8px solid transparent}@-webkit-keyframes pulsate{0%{-webkit-transform:scale(.1);transform:scale(.1);opacity:0}30%{opacity:1}60%{-webkit-transform:scale(.8);transform:scale(.8);opacity:0}}@keyframes pulsate{0%{-webkit-transform:scale(.1);transform:scale(.1);opacity:0}30%{opacity:1}60%{-webkit-transform:scale(.8);transform:scale(.8);opacity:0}}</style>
<meta name=citation_title content="Physical interpretation of the fringe shift measured on Michelson interferometer in optical media"><meta name=citation_author content="Demjanov, V. V."><meta name=citation_doi content=10.1016/j.physleta.2009.12.068><meta name=citation_date content=2009/10/29><meta name=citation_online_date content=2011/08/25><meta name=citation_pdf_url content=http://arxiv.org/pdf/0910.5658><meta name=citation_arxiv_id content=0910.5658><meta name=citation_abstract content="I have found experimentally that in vacuum (refractive index $n$ = 1.) the shift of interference fringe in Michelson interferometer is absent because of the absence of particles on the light path. The shift of interference fringe appears only at a certain concentration of particles in the luminiferous medium. The increase of the remnant air pressure in the optical tubes of the interferometer (of the length 6 m in each arm) from 1 mm Hg to 1500 mm Hg reveals first indications of the interference fringe shift (about 0.015 of its width) only at the air pressure 300 mm Hg ($n$ = 1.00014...). The increase of the air pressure in optical tubes up to 760 mm Hg ($n$ = 1.0003...) adds twice the amplitude of the harmonic shift of the interference fringe giving ~0.03, and at the pressure 1500 mm Hg the harmonic fringe shift ~0.06 became conspicuous. The S-shaped with the change of sign dependence of the fringe shift on the index of refraction $n$ was found. Thus the estimation of the horizontal projection of the velocity of the Earth relative to aether is obtained. At the latitude of Obninsk this velocity varies depending on the time of day and night within 140 - 480 km/s. The forth version of the report is complemented with the account of the harmful effect on registering the shift $\Delta X_m$ of the interference fringe of the improperly installed in turning-points of the zigzag light path glass mirrors. The nullifying of the shift in air interferometers may occur because of opposite signs of contributions of the air and glass optical media through the discovered by me law $\Delta X_m \sim l\Delta\epsilon(1-\Delta\epsilon)$. This may be the cause of obtaining negative results in majority of Michelson-type experiments known to date.">
<style>.MathJax_Preview{color:#888}#MathJax_Message{position:fixed;left:1px;bottom:2px;background-color:#E6E6E6;border:1px solid #959595;margin:0px;padding:2px 8px;z-index:102;color:black;font-size:80%;width:auto;white-space:nowrap}.MathJax{display:inline;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;line-height:normal;font-size:100%;font-size-adjust:none;text-indent:0;text-align:left;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:normal;word-spacing:normal;word-wrap:normal;white-space:nowrap;float:none;direction:ltr;max-width:none;max-height:none;min-width:0;min-height:0;border:0;padding:0;margin:0}.MathJax:focus,body :focus .MathJax{display:inline-table}.MathJax nobr{border:0;padding:0;margin:0;max-width:none;max-height:none;min-width:0;min-height:0;vertical-align:0;line-height:normal;text-decoration:none}.MathJax span{display:inline;position:static;border:0;padding:0;margin:0;vertical-align:0;line-height:normal;text-decoration:none}.MathJax nobr{white-space:nowrap!important}.MathJax *{transition:none;-webkit-transition:none;-moz-transition:none;-ms-transition:none;-o-transition:none}@font-face{font-family:MathJax_Main;src:url(data:application/font-woff;base64,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
<body class=with-cu-identity><div style="visibility:hidden;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:0px;height:1px;width:auto;padding:0px;border:0px none;margin:0px;text-align:left;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;line-height:normal;letter-spacing:normal;word-spacing:normal" class=sf-hidden></div><div id=MathJax_Message style=display:none></div>
<div class=flex-wrap-footer>
<header>
<a href=#content class=is-sr-only>Skip to main content</a>
<div class="columns is-vcentered is-hidden-mobile" id=cu-identity>
<div class=column id=cu-logo>
<a href=https://www.cornell.edu/><img src=data:image/svg+xml;base64,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
</div><div class=column id=support-ack>
<span id=support-ack-url>We gratefully acknowledge support from the Simons Foundation, <a href=https://info.arxiv.org/about/ourmembers.html>member institutions</a>, and all contributors. <a href=https://info.arxiv.org/about/donate.html>Donate</a></span>
</div>
</div>
<div id=header class=is-hidden-mobile>
<a aria-hidden=true href="http://arxiv.org/abs/%7Burl_path('ignore_me')%7D"></a>
<div class="header-breadcrumbs is-hidden-mobile">
<a href=http://arxiv.org/><img src=data:image/svg+xml;base64,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
</div>
<div class="search-block level-right">
<form class="level-item mini-search" method=GET action=https://arxiv.org/search>
<div class="field has-addons">
<div class=control>
<input class="input is-small" name=query placeholder=Search... aria-label="Search term or terms" value type=text>
<p class=help><a href=https://info.arxiv.org/help>Help</a> | <a href=https://arxiv.org/search/advanced>Advanced Search</a></p>
</div>
<div class=control>
<div class="select is-small">
<select name=searchtype aria-label="Field to search">
<option value=all selected>All fields</option>
<option value=title>Title</option>
<option value=author>Author</option>
<option value=abstract>Abstract</option>
<option value=comments>Comments</option>
<option value=journal_ref>Journal reference</option>
<option value=acm_class>ACM classification</option>
<option value=msc_class>MSC classification</option>
<option value=report_num>Report number</option>
<option value=paper_id>arXiv identifier</option>
<option value=doi>DOI</option>
<option value=orcid>ORCID</option>
<option value=author_id>arXiv author ID</option>
<option value=help>Help pages</option>
<option value=full_text>Full text</option>
</select>
</div>
</div>
<button class="button is-small is-cul-darker">Search</button>
</div>
</form>
</div>
</div>
<div class="mobile-header sf-hidden">
<div class="columns is-mobile sf-hidden">
<div class="column logo-cornell sf-hidden"><a href=https://www.cornell.edu/ class=sf-hidden>
<picture class=sf-hidden>
<source media="(min-width: 501px)" srcset="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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
<source srcset="data:image/svg+xml;base64,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
</picture>
</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<main>
<div id=content>
<div id=abs-outer>
<div class=leftcolumn>
<div class=subheader>
<h1>Physics &gt; General Physics</h1>
</div>
<div class="header-breadcrumbs-mobile sf-hidden">
(physics)
</div>
<style>#abs{font-family:"Lucida Grande",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif!important}#abs h1.title{display:block;font-size:1.8em!important;font-weight:700;margin-block-end:12px;margin-block-start:12px;margin-bottom:12px;margin-inline-end:0px;margin-inline-start:20px;margin-left:20px;margin-right:0px;margin-top:12px}#abs div.authors{font-size:1.2em;line-height:24px;margin-bottom:8px;margin-left:20px;margin-right:0px;margin-top:8px}#abs div.dateline{font-size:0.9em;font-style:italic;margin-bottom:6.5px;margin-left:20px;margin-right:0px;margin-top:6.5px}#abs blockquote.abstract{font-size:1.05em;margin-block-end:21.6px;margin-block-start:14.4px;margin-bottom:21.6px;margin-inline-end:40px;margin-inline-start:40px;background-color:white;border-left:0px;padding:0px}#abs div.metatable{font-size:0.95em!important;margin-bottom:19px;margin-left:20px;margin-right:0px;margin-top:0px;border:0px;padding:0px}#abs div.metatable tbody{vertical-align:middle}#abs tr{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px}#abs td.tablecell{padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-right:6.5px;padding-left:0px;vertical-align:top;font-size:0.95em!important;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;border:0px}#abs td.tablecell.label{font-weight:400!important}#abs span.primary-subject{font-weight:700}#abs span.arxivid{font-weight:700}</style>
<div id=content-inner>
<div id=abs>
<div class=dateline>
[Submitted on 29 Oct 2009 (<a href=https://arxiv.org/abs/0910.5658v1>v1</a>), last revised 25 Aug 2011 (this version, v4)]</div>
<h1 class="title mathjax"><span class="descriptor sf-hidden">Title:</span>Physical interpretation of the fringe shift measured on Michelson interferometer in optical media</h1>
<div class=authors><span class="descriptor sf-hidden">Authors:</span><a href="https://arxiv.org/search/physics?searchtype=author&amp;query=Demjanov,+V">V.V. Demjanov</a></div> <div id=download-button-info class=sf-hidden hidden>View a PDF of the paper titled Physical interpretation of the fringe shift measured on Michelson interferometer in optical media, by V.V. Demjanov</div>
<a class="mobile-submission-download sf-hidden" href=http://arxiv.org/pdf/0910.5658>View PDF</a>
<blockquote class="abstract mathjax">
<span class="descriptor sf-hidden">Abstract:</span>I have found experimentally that in vacuum (refractive index <span class=MathJax_Preview style=display:none></span><span class=MathJax id=MathJax-Element-1-Frame tabindex=0><nobr><span class=math id=MathJax-Span-1 style=width:0.813em;display:inline-block><span style=display:inline-block;position:relative;width:0.594em;height:0px;font-size:136%><span style=position:absolute;clip:rect(1.664em,1000.57em,2.441em,-1000em);top:-2.268em;left:0em><span class=mrow id=MathJax-Span-2><span class=mi id=MathJax-Span-3 style=font-family:MathJax_Math;font-style:italic>n</span></span><span style=display:inline-block;width:0px;height:2.268em></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;vertical-align:-0.088em;border-left:0px solid;width:0px;height:0.763em"></span></span></nobr></span> = 1.) the shift of interference fringe in Michelson interferometer is absent because of the absence of particles on the light path. The shift of interference fringe appears only at a certain concentration of particles in the luminiferous medium. The increase of the remnant air pressure in the optical tubes of the interferometer (of the length 6 m in each arm) from 1 mm Hg to 1500 mm Hg reveals first indications of the interference fringe shift (about 0.015 of its width) only at the air pressure 300 mm Hg (<span class=MathJax_Preview style=display:none></span><span class=MathJax id=MathJax-Element-2-Frame tabindex=0><nobr><span class=math id=MathJax-Span-4 style=width:0.813em;display:inline-block><span style=display:inline-block;position:relative;width:0.594em;height:0px;font-size:136%><span style=position:absolute;clip:rect(1.664em,1000.57em,2.441em,-1000em);top:-2.268em;left:0em><span class=mrow id=MathJax-Span-5><span class=mi id=MathJax-Span-6 style=font-family:MathJax_Math;font-style:italic>n</span></span><span style=display:inline-block;width:0px;height:2.268em></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;vertical-align:-0.088em;border-left:0px solid;width:0px;height:0.763em"></span></span></nobr></span> = 1.00014...). The increase of the air pressure in optical tubes up to 760 mm Hg (<span class=MathJax_Preview style=display:none></span><span class=MathJax id=MathJax-Element-3-Frame tabindex=0><nobr><span class=math id=MathJax-Span-7 style=width:0.813em;display:inline-block><span style=display:inline-block;position:relative;width:0.594em;height:0px;font-size:136%><span style=position:absolute;clip:rect(1.664em,1000.57em,2.441em,-1000em);top:-2.268em;left:0em><span class=mrow id=MathJax-Span-8><span class=mi id=MathJax-Span-9 style=font-family:MathJax_Math;font-style:italic>n</span></span><span style=display:inline-block;width:0px;height:2.268em></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;vertical-align:-0.088em;border-left:0px solid;width:0px;height:0.763em"></span></span></nobr></span> = 1.0003...) adds twice the amplitude of the harmonic shift of the interference fringe giving ~0.03, and at the pressure 1500 mm Hg the harmonic fringe shift ~0.06 became conspicuous. The S-shaped with the change of sign dependence of the fringe shift on the index of refraction <span class=MathJax_Preview style=display:none></span><span class=MathJax id=MathJax-Element-4-Frame tabindex=0><nobr><span class=math id=MathJax-Span-10 style=width:0.813em;display:inline-block><span style=display:inline-block;position:relative;width:0.594em;height:0px;font-size:136%><span style=position:absolute;clip:rect(1.664em,1000.57em,2.441em,-1000em);top:-2.268em;left:0em><span class=mrow id=MathJax-Span-11><span class=mi id=MathJax-Span-12 style=font-family:MathJax_Math;font-style:italic>n</span></span><span style=display:inline-block;width:0px;height:2.268em></span></span></span><span style="display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;vertical-align:-0.088em;border-left:0px solid;width:0px;height:0.763em"></span></span></nobr></span> was found. Thus the estimation of the horizontal projection of the velocity of the Earth relative to aether is obtained. At the lat
</blockquote>
<div class=metatable>
<table summary="Additional metadata"> <tbody><tr>
<td class="tablecell label">Comments:</td>
<td class="tablecell comments mathjax">9 pages, 2 figure, 2 tables; this version presents experimental data in more details. Retracted by the editors of Physics Letters A, <a href=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0375960109016375 rel="external noopener nofollow" class="link-external link-http">this http URL</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tablecell label">Subjects:</td>
<td class="tablecell subjects">
<span class=primary-subject>General Physics (physics.gen-ph)</span></td>
<tr>
<td class="tablecell label">Cite as:</td>
<td class="tablecell arxivid"><span class=arxivid><a href=https://arxiv.org/abs/0910.5658>arXiv:0910.5658</a> [physics.gen-ph]</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tablecell label">&nbsp;</td>
<td class="tablecell arxividv">(or <span class=arxivid>
<a href=https://arxiv.org/abs/0910.5658v4>arXiv:0910.5658v4</a> [physics.gen-ph]</span> for this version)
</td>
</tr> <tr>
<td class="tablecell label">&nbsp;</td>
<td class="tablecell arxivdoi">
<a href=https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.0910.5658>https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.0910.5658</a>
<div class=button-and-tooltip>
<button class=more-info aria-describedby=more-info-desc-1>
<svg height=15 role=presentation xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill=currentColor d="M256 8C119.043 8 8 119.083 8 256c0 136.997 111.043 248 248 248s248-111.003 248-248C504 119.083 392.957 8 256 8zm0 110c23.196 0 42 18.804 42 42s-18.804 42-42 42-42-18.804-42-42 18.804-42 42-42zm56 254c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12h-88c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h12v-64h-12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h64c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v100h12c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v24z"></path></svg>
<span class=visually-hidden>Focus to learn more</span>
</button>
<div role=tooltip id=more-info-desc-1 class=sf-hidden>
arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr> <tr>
<td class="tablecell label">
<abbr title="Digital Object Identifier">Related DOI</abbr>:
</td>
<td class="tablecell doi"><a href=https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2009.12.068 data-doi=10.1016/j.physleta.2009.12.068 class="link-https link-external" rel="external noopener nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2009.12.068</a>
<div class=button-and-tooltip>
<button class=more-info aria-describedby=more-info-desc-1>
<svg height=15 role=presentation xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill=currentColor d="M256 8C119.043 8 8 119.083 8 256c0 136.997 111.043 248 248 248s248-111.003 248-248C504 119.083 392.957 8 256 8zm0 110c23.196 0 42 18.804 42 42s-18.804 42-42 42-42-18.804-42-42 18.804-42 42-42zm56 254c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12h-88c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h12v-64h-12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h64c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v100h12c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v24z"></path></svg>
<span class=visually-hidden>Focus to learn more</span>
</button>
<div role=tooltip id=more-info-desc-1 class=sf-hidden>
DOI(s) linking to related resources
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class=submission-history>
<h2>Submission history</h2> From: Victor Demjanov [<a href=http://arxiv.org/show-email/bc945d7d/0910.5658>view email</a>] <br> <strong><a href=http://arxiv.org/abs/0910.5658v1>[v1]</a></strong>
Thu, 29 Oct 2009 14:55:46 UTC (23 KB)<br>
<strong><a href=http://arxiv.org/abs/0910.5658v2>[v2]</a></strong>
Tue, 3 Nov 2009 16:33:40 UTC (22 KB)<br>
<strong><a href=http://arxiv.org/abs/0910.5658v3>[v3]</a></strong>
Thu, 24 Jun 2010 13:40:06 UTC (147 KB)<br>
<strong>[v4]</strong>
Thu, 25 Aug 2011 11:17:29 UTC (153 KB)<br>
</div>
</div>
<div class=extra-services> <div class=full-text>
<a name=other></a>
<span class="descriptor sf-hidden">Full-text links:</span>
<h2>Access Paper:</h2>
<ul>
<div id=download-button-info class=sf-hidden hidden>
View a PDF of the paper titled Physical interpretation of the fringe shift measured on Michelson interferometer in optical media, by V.V. Demjanov</div><li><a href=http://arxiv.org/pdf/0910.5658 aria-describedby=download-button-info accesskey=f class="abs-button download-pdf">View PDF</a><li><a href=http://arxiv.org/src/0910.5658 class="abs-button download-eprint">TeX Source</a><li><a href=http://arxiv.org/format/0910.5658 class="abs-button download-format">Other Formats</a></ul>
<div class=abs-license><a href=http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/ title="Rights to this article">view license</a></div>
</div>
<div class=browse>
Current browse context: <div class=current>physics.gen-ph</div>
<div class=prevnext>
<span class=arrow>
<a class="abs-button prev-url" href="http://arxiv.org/prevnext?id=0910.5658&amp;function=prev&amp;context=physics.gen-ph" accesskey=p title="previous in physics.gen-ph (accesskey p)">&lt;&nbsp;prev</a>
</span>
<span class=is-hidden-mobile>&nbsp; | &nbsp;</span> <span class=arrow>
<a class="abs-button next-url" href="http://arxiv.org/prevnext?id=0910.5658&amp;function=next&amp;context=physics.gen-ph" accesskey=n title="next in physics.gen-ph (accesskey n)">next&nbsp;&gt;</a>
</span><br>
</div><div class=list>
<a class="abs-button abs-button-grey abs-button-small context-new" href=http://arxiv.org/list/physics.gen-ph/new>new</a>
<span class=is-hidden-mobile> | </span>
<a class="abs-button abs-button-grey abs-button-small context-recent" href=http://arxiv.org/list/physics.gen-ph/recent>recent</a>
<span class=is-hidden-mobile> | </span><a class="abs-button abs-button-grey abs-button-small context-id" href=http://arxiv.org/list/physics.gen-ph/2009-10>2009-10</a>
</div><div class=abs-switch-cat>
Change to browse by:
<div class="switch context-change">
<a href="http://arxiv.org/abs/0910.5658?context=physics">physics</a><br class=is-hidden-mobile>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class=extra-ref-cite>
<h3>References &amp; Citations</h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="abs-button abs-button-small cite-ads" href=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/arXiv:0910.5658>NASA ADS</a><li><a class="abs-button abs-button-small cite-google-scholar" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?arxiv_id=0910.5658" target=_blank rel=noopener>Google Scholar</a></li>
<li><a class="abs-button abs-button-small cite-semantic-scholar" href=https://api.semanticscholar.org/arXiv:0910.5658 target=_blank rel=noopener>Semantic Scholar</a></li>
</ul>
<div style=clear:both></div>
</div>
<div class=extra-ref-cite>
<a id=bib-cite-css href=http://arxiv.org/static/browse/0.3.4/css/cite.css class=sf-hidden hidden>a</a>
<span id=bib-cite-trigger class="bib-cite-button abs-button">export BibTeX citation</span>
<span id=bib-cite-loading class=sf-hidden hidden>Loading...</span>
</div>
<div id=bib-cite-modal class="bib-modal sf-hidden" hidden>
</div><div class=bookmarks>
<div><h3>Bookmark</h3></div><a class="abs-button abs-button-grey abs-button-small" href="http://www.bibsonomy.org/BibtexHandler?requTask=upload&amp;url=https://arxiv.org/abs/0910.5658&amp;description=Physical%20interpretation%20of%20the%20fringe%20shift%20measured%20on%20Michelson%20interferometer%20in%20optical%20media" title="Bookmark on BibSonomy">
<img src=data:image/png;base64,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 alt="BibSonomy logo">
</a>
<a class="abs-button abs-button-grey abs-button-small" href="https://reddit.com/submit?url=https://arxiv.org/abs/0910.5658&amp;title=Physical%20interpretation%20of%20the%20fringe%20shift%20measured%20on%20Michelson%20interferometer%20in%20optical%20media" title="Bookmark on Reddit">
<img src="data:image/png;base64,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" alt="Reddit logo">
</a>
</div> </div>
<div id=labstabs>
<div class=labstabs><input name=tabs id=tabone checked class=sf-hidden type=radio>
<label for=tabone>Bibliographic Tools</label>
<div class="tab labs-display-bib">
<h1>Bibliographic and Citation Tools</h1>
<div class=toggle>
<div class="columns is-mobile lab-row">
<div class="column lab-switch">
<label class=switch>
<input id=bibex-toggle class="lab-toggle sf-hidden" type=checkbox>
<span class=slider></span>
<span class=is-sr-only>Bibliographic Explorer Toggle</span>
</label>
</div>
<div class="column lab-name">
<span id=label-for-bibex>Bibliographic Explorer</span> <em>(<a href=https://info.arxiv.org/labs/showcase.html#arxiv-bibliographic-explorer>What is the Explorer?</a>)</em>
</div>
</div>
<div class="columns is-mobile lab-row">
<div class="column lab-switch">
<label class=switch>
<input id=litmaps-toggle class="lab-toggle sf-hidden" data-script-url=/static/browse/0.3.4/js/litmaps.js?20210617 aria-labelledby=label-for-litmaps type=checkbox>
<span class=slider></span>
<span class=is-sr-only>Litmaps Toggle</span>
</label>
</div>
<div class="column lab-name">
<span id=label-for-litmaps>Litmaps</span> <em>(<a href=https://www.litmaps.co/ target=_blank>What is Litmaps?</a>)</em>
</div>
</div>
<div class="columns is-mobile lab-row">
<div class="column lab-switch">
<label class=switch>
<input id=scite-toggle class="lab-toggle sf-hidden" data-script-url=/static/browse/0.3.4/js/scite.js?20210617 aria-labelledby=label-for-scite type=checkbox>
<span class=slider></span>
<span class=is-sr-only>scite.ai Toggle</span>
</label>
</div>
<div class="column lab-name">
<span id=label-for-scite>scite Smart Citations</span> <em>(<a href=https://www.scite.ai/ target=_blank>What are Smart Citations?</a>)</em>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="labs-content-placeholder labs-display" style=display:none></div>
<div style=min-height:15px id=litmaps-open-in></div>
<div style=min-height:15px id=scite-open-in></div>
</div>
<input name=tabs id=tabtwo class=sf-hidden type=radio>
<label for=tabtwo>Code, Data, Media</label>
<div class="tab sf-hidden">
</div>
<input name=tabs id=labstabs-demos-input class=sf-hidden type=radio>
<label for=labstabs-demos-input id=labstabs-demos-label>Demos</label>
<div class="tab sf-hidden">
</div>
<input name=tabs id=tabfour class=sf-hidden type=radio>
<label for=tabfour>Related Papers</label>
<div class="tab sf-hidden">
</div>
<input name=tabs id=tabfive class=sf-hidden type=radio>
<label for=tabfive>
About arXivLabs
</label>
<div class="tab sf-hidden">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class=endorsers>
<a href=http://arxiv.org/auth/show-endorsers/0910.5658 class=endorser-who>Which authors of this paper are endorsers?</a> |
<a id=mathjax_toggle>Disable MathJax</a> (<a href=https://info.arxiv.org/help/mathjax.html>What is MathJax?</a>)
<span class=help style=font-style:normal;float:right;margin-top:0;margin-right:1em></span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</main>
<footer style=clear:both>
<div class="columns is-desktop" role=navigation aria-label=Secondary style="margin:-0.75em -0.75em 0.75em -0.75em">
<div class=column style=padding:0>
<div class=columns>
<div class=column>
<ul style=list-style:none;line-height:2>
<li><a href=https://info.arxiv.org/about>About</a></li>
<li><a href=https://info.arxiv.org/help>Help</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class=column>
<ul style=list-style:none;line-height:2>
<li>
<svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role=presentation><title>contact arXiv</title><desc>Click here to contact arXiv</desc><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"></path></svg>
<a href=https://info.arxiv.org/help/contact.html> Contact</a>
</li>
<li>
<svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role=presentation><title>subscribe to arXiv mailings</title><desc>Click here to subscribe</desc><path d="M476 3.2L12.5 270.6c-18.1 10.4-15.8 35.6 2.2 43.2L121 358.4l287.3-253.2c5.5-4.9 13.3 2.6 8.6 8.3L176 407v80.5c0 23.6 28.5 32.9 42.5 15.8L282 426l124.6 52.2c14.2 6 30.4-2.9 33-18.2l72-432C515 7.8 493.3-6.8 476 3.2z"></path></svg>
<a href=https://info.arxiv.org/help/subscribe> Subscribe</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class=column style=padding:0>
<div class=columns>
<div class=column>
<ul style=list-style:none;line-height:2>
<li><a href=https://info.arxiv.org/help/license/index.html>Copyright</a></li>
<li><a href=https://info.arxiv.org/help/policies/privacy_policy.html>Privacy Policy</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="column sorry-app-links">
<ul style=list-style:none;line-height:2>
<li><a href=https://info.arxiv.org/help/web_accessibility.html>Web Accessibility Assistance</a></li>
<li>
<p class=help>
<a class=a11y-main-link href=https://status.arxiv.org/ target=_blank>arXiv Operational Status <svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewBox="0 0 256 512" class="icon filter-dark_grey" role=presentation><path d="M224.3 273l-136 136c-9.4 9.4-24.6 9.4-33.9 0l-22.6-22.6c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l96.4-96.4-96.4-96.4c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9L54.3 103c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l136 136c9.5 9.4 9.5 24.6.1 34z"></path></svg></a><br>
Get status notifications via
<a class=is-link href=https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/email/new target=_blank><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon filter-black" role=presentation><path d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"></path></svg>email</a>
or <a class=is-link href=https://subscribe.sorryapp.com/24846f03/slack/new target=_blank><svg xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg viewBox="0 0 448 512" class="icon filter-black" role=presentation><path d="M94.12 315.1c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06S0 341 0 315.1c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h47.06v47.06zm23.72 0c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v117.84c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06s-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V315.1zm47.06-188.98c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06S139 32 164.9 32s47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06v47.06H164.9zm0 23.72c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H47.06C21.16 243.96 0 222.8 0 196.9s21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06H164.9zm188.98 47.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06s-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06h-47.06V196.9zm-23.72 0c0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06V79.06c0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06 25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06V196.9zM283.1 385.88c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06v-47.06h47.06zm0-23.72c-25.9 0-47.06-21.16-47.06-47.06 0-25.9 21.16-47.06 47.06-47.06h117.84c25.9 0 47.06 21.16 47.06 47.06 0 25.9-21.16 47.06-47.06 47.06H283.1z"></path></svg>slack</a>
</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
<div style="position:absolute;width:0px;height:0px;overflow:hidden;padding:0px;border:0px none;margin:0px"><div id=MathJax_Font_Test style="position:absolute;visibility:hidden;top:0px;left:0px;width:auto;min-width:0px;max-width:none;padding:0px;border:0px none;margin:0px;white-space:nowrap;text-align:left;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;line-height:normal;letter-spacing:normal;word-spacing:normal;font-size:40px;font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-size-adjust:none;font-family:MathJax_Main,sans-serif" class=sf-hidden></div></div>