{ "translatorID": "b61c224b-34b6-4bfd-8a76-a476e7092d43", "label": "SSRN", "creator": "Sebastian Karcher", "target": "^https?://(www|papers|hq)\\.ssrn\\.com/", "minVersion": "3.0", "maxVersion": "", "priority": 100, "inRepository": true, "translatorType": 4, "browserSupport": "gcsibv", "lastUpdated": "2022-04-04 18:26:02" } /* ***** BEGIN LICENSE BLOCK ***** Copyright © 2013-2022 Sebastian Karcher and Abe Jellinek This file is part of Zotero. Zotero is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. Zotero is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Affero General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License along with Zotero. If not, see . ***** END LICENSE BLOCK ***** */ const preprintType = ZU.fieldIsValidForType('title', 'preprint') ? 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A Nested Analysis", "creators": [ { "firstName": "Michael", "lastName": "Strausz", "creatorType": "author" }, { "firstName": "Brian D.", "lastName": "Greenhill", "creatorType": "author" } ], "date": "2009", "abstractNote": "What explains the large variation in the time taken by different countries to ratify the 1948 Genocide Convention? The costs of ratification would appear to be relatively low, yet many countries have waited for years, and even decades, before ratifying this symbolically important treaty. This study employs a \"nested analysis\" that combines a large-n event history analysis with a detailed study of an important outlying case in order to explain the main sources of this variation. The initial event history history produces a puzzling finding: countries appear to be less likely to ratify the treaty if relevant peer countries have already done so. We use the case of Japan -- which has not yet ratified the Genocide Convention, despite the predictions of the event history model -- to explore the proposed causes of ratification in more detail. Based on these findings, we suggest that once the norms embodied in a treaty take on a sufficiently \"taken-for-granted\" character, many countries decide that the costs of ratification outweigh its marginal benefits. The pattern of ratification of the Genocide Convention therefore does not appear to fit the classic model of the \"norm cascade\" that has been used to explain the adoption of other human rights norms. 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