'

VRIL

COMPENDIUM

VOLUME 4
VRIL ARCHEFORMS

VASSILATOS
1992

VOLUME
4
TABLE OF CONTENTS
--
COMMENTARY
VRIL RECEIVERS
REGIONAL LINKAGE VRIL STRUCTURES SUBTERRANEAN HALLS

-

,...... .

for George you tried to show me a vision
but I was too little and Michel

SECTION 1 ·.
. COMMENTARY

Eidetically tunnelled experiences produce inertio-physical displays. Vril eidetic world transaction deform and distort the apparent world. Technological components successfully operate because of V ril conducted eidetic worlds. Energetic and material reactivities are surficial results of Vril eidetic world mergings. Technological componentry does notoperate through mechanistic dynamics.
Mechanistic dynamics operate because of V ril eidetic world transactions. Ultimate humansensoxy experience discovers Vril eidetic worlds.
Deeper Vril meaningful experiences are organismically insensate. Vril eidetic world discoveries require contact experiences.
Vril thread mergings drive organismic neurology in primcuy experiential mode. Vril experience is true experience. Vril eidetic world connectivity self-permeates and self~uff'uses. Vril world connecUvities may be mutually transparent and coexistent. Vril generative ordea exist as fixed templates.
Future Vril technology must be sensitively surrendered to the ordained pre-existent Vril causeways, channels, and junctures. Imposed andimpropertrans-connections mustbe avoided should powerful pure Vril engagement be our desired quest. Human organismic Vril projections move effortlessly into iron and ferruginous material. Early telegraphic and telephonic lines were entirely composed of iron wire.
Spedfic minerals and metals are capable of eidetically transacting the archeforms which physically and metaphorically manifest throughout districts and region. In spedfic regions spedfic materials must be preeminant in Vril designs for successful eidetic integrity. Vril regional boundaries are sharp.
Rheostatic entunement was used to entune meaningful supply ofeidetic trans. Telegraphers erroneously assumed that rheostatic control was an electrical necessity. Radionists observed that organismic vitality as increased when humanly connected capadties weregrounded at"rate-nodes" (R.Drown). Humansubjects and objects absorb eidetic transaction through such nodal contacts.
Capadtors were used to ground telegraphic and telephonic lines. Their power as exceptional eidetic transactors is significant: providing sharpened and powerfully penetrating eidetic experience with greatclarity alongV ril channels (ground .surface view). Capadtance values determines the degree of eidetic transaction among line-communicants. These effects become overwhelming when lines correspond with the Vril threadways of a district between stations.
Interleaved capacitors are but one variety. Each configuration provides distinct eidetic content as result of material configuration. Aerial disconnected minerals and metals give only visceral transactions. Identical grounded minerals and metals provide eidetic experience.
Telegraphic lines behaved as V ril inter-node connectors among stations. Eidetic experience of trans-district and transregional vantage were enjoined through telegraphic and telephonic connections. V ril threadways enjoined the elevated iron lines which spanned the miles between station houses.
Vril archetypical forms emerge when listening to music,

conversation, observing landscapes, and reading texts common to specific Vril regions. One learns to identify a spedfic "sense and feel" of a district through its cultural expressions of its eidetically projected archeforms.
Human organismic Vril projections move effortlessly into iron and ferruginous material. Early telegraphic and telephonic lines were entirely composed of iron wire. Spedfic minerals and metals are capable ofeidetically transactingthe archeforms which physically and metaphorically manifest throughout districts and region. In spedfic regions specific materials must be central in Vril designs for succesSful eidetic integrity. Vril regional boundaries are sharp.
Regional archeforms generate and guide their surroundings. Sensitives conform to archeforms and construct contemporary cultural extensions. Archeforms peaist and permeate districts irregardless of time.
Vril technology requires fundamental knowledge of local
Vril eidetic world terminals. Vril Axes are surrounded with inertial agglumerations. Inertial agglumerations distort eidetic experiences in projective spaces nearVril Axes. Vril points are inertia dissolving sites.
Vril eidetic transactions may occur with eyes opened. Caesium plates in vacuum achieve such Vril transactions (R.Drown, Vassilatos).
Several investigators have achieved eidetic transaction across space in absence of articulations. Vril eidetic world magni.ftcations become luminous and overwhelming when properly arranged and transacted. Eidetic transaction is true television as originallyenvisioned by earlyresearchers. Archaic legendaries reportedly were in possession ofsingular viewing stones (PresterJohn).
Vril designed reactive assemblages release transitions and potential regional permutations. permutations are permanent beneficial Vril transmutations of unexpected content and quality. Insensate Vril inflections bring unexpected transitions and inflections into oursensate experience ofa region. Properly designed and modulated Vril transitions produce regionally dispersed permutations.
Vril reactive configurations and notable and startling in appearance. Vrll permutations become unexpectedVrilworlds.
V ril permutations increase in excellence. Combined Vril eidetic effects are exceeded in Vril permutational experiences. Vril permutations exceed the sum ofconfigured eidetic worlds.
Material configurations bring eidetic worlds in proximal fusions. The mutually interblending of eidetic worlds so focussed and joined is the reactivity of eidetic worlds. Material configurations arrange the reactivity of eidetic worlds in specifically powerful V riljunctures. V ril permutations affect all related Vril worlds simultaneously. Distal Vril transactions do alter regional local consciousness.
Vril sensitives locate interactive sites where regional Vril transactions occur. Insensate V ril eidetic threadways. focus human organismic attention along meaning-filled alignments. Great Vril operators are known by their ability to harmlessly experience eidetic communion despite high inertial densiftcations in situations.
Such Vril eidetic portions remain insensate to potential

partidpants. Vril Technology modulates consdousness. Vril consdousness is space-distributed in our world. Vril sensitives extend consdousness into spaces. Vril focussed consdousness transforms the degree of Vril eidetic experience. Powerfully focussed Vril threadways tunnel consciousness in powerful channels. Vril focussed attention tunnels the experience of the Vril sensitive, eradicates spurious inertial distortions ofperception, and reveals the Vril eidetic junctures.
Alchymy observes the spontaneous emerge ofnew eidetic elements. Alchymy transmutes eidetic elements. Alchymy recognizes that eidetic worlds make the qualities observed in matter. Alchymy recognizes that matter is but the conductive (inertifted} portion of an eidetic world projection. The material is not the essential element. The eidetic world is the essential element.
Mixingthe strange presence ofeidetic worlds has powerful repercussions in the environment. Reactions enjoined on mixing plates under speciftc Vril light are not pwsued to determine what the inertifted ash will become. The alchymyst obsexves the eidetic transformations enjoined when minerals and metals are brought together.
Vril threads generate, project, sustain, and influence geological forms. Inertial detrital discharges follow Vrillic patterns (lightning).
Water channels and courses follow and cooperate withVril energetic ground patterns. Weather patterns are the result of mysterious Vril eidetic trans. and were the result of ground tuning from the telegraph station groundplate sites. T e I egraphic stations are noumenous in appearance because they congeal, direct, and focus space-flooding Vril. Our being and existence depend on Vril concentrations. Vril eidetic worlds independently exist.
Vril eidetic worlds exist in absence of the minerals and metals which they project.
Minerals and metals are not the pure Vril worlds. Minerals and metals are not the pure eidetic world contents which are projected: they are the inertialJzed detrital condensations which are penetrated into iilertial space.
Minerals and metals conducteideticcontentwithcontactees. Eidetic world content requires no effort. Interception of eidetic information channels requires specific metals and minerals. Spedal accumulators, capacitors (ground connected), tuning devices, and contact mediators are needed for the successful ·d~ign of eidetic transactors.
Apparent reality can be distorted and warped. Eidetic imagery and experience teaches that world-experience is not a fixed rigidity. Eidetic experiences warp meaningful worldexperience. BUocational and translocational experiences could be effected through special magnifications ofprojected eidetic worlds. One becomes experientially "aspirated" into these worlds when magnification exceeds thresholds.
Total translations may occur in a rare native phenomenon observed in certain lands continually. The tales of "hollow earth", Agartha, the land offaeries, mount Olympus and other legend'ry are emphatic in report. The use of proximal metal plaques and Vril point focussers (rock walls) were historical. Received individuals would disappear for hours or days.

Returned to some related point, these persons would report "absorption into the walls".
Vril threads and threadways occur on the ground surface. Vril channels are found in the ground geology at depths not exceeding several hundred yards. Vril causeways are the vast regional axes which generate and sustain whole regions.
Speciftc eidetic transactions give strange symbols and mysterious significations (runes). Ancient hieroglyphic designs were etched into specific material plaques. These engaged organismic transactions in Vril eidetic worlds.
Specific Vril eidetic worlds release regional memories, facts, and revelatory knowledge. Speciftc Vril material configurations permit the experience of timeless travel among eidetic worlds. Vril operators conduct excessive degrees ofrevelatory knowledge.
Vril designers and Vril Scientists take especial regard to vril mergmgs and blendings within Vril systems. Vril designers must track Vril paths from organismic contacts with minerals and metals, through material masses, and down into the eidetic world foundations. Vril mergings are continuous, and may be tracked. Vril focussed awareness on Vril insensate generates perceivable spontaneous activity.
Organismic Vril metgings generate spontaneous Vrillic activities. Vril eidetic experience which suddenly reveal an entire pan-regional hegemony are special Vril eidetic experiences. Alterations in environmental conditions creates Organismic interference during eidetic trans. Organismic stability depends upon fixed proportions of inertia space and Vril eidetic content.
Organismic sensitivity includes intenuptions due to musical tones, illuminations, color, and inertial detrital currents. Cathedral music was designed to be Vril-confonnant.
Deepest Vril eidetic transactions reveal mysterious symbological paths and metaphorically rich gateways. Etchings, geometric forms (runes} are thus transacted with the adept. Vril is the meaningful core of the universe.
Conscious reference determines experiential content. Vril Science recognizes only eidetic experience achieved through material contacts as accurate experiential reference.
Vril Science gives an experiential world-view which necessarily differs from objective models presented during the last 500 years.
The reality of eidetic transactions through material contacts annihilates the validity of our excessive reliance upon open-eyed information. The deep Structure of experiential reality is eidetic and vrillic in nature: differing from the 5sensory experience of the apparent world.
Organismic modulation ofnative Vril provides organismic expression and exchange among juncture points. Vril operators manage the spontaneous entunement ofspecificjunctures, obtaining experiential knowledge of distal events and circumstances.
Telegraph and telephone lines created ground standing conditions where vrillic energies consistently resided. Vril thread contacts envelop participants in communions. Vril responds to humanly arranged inertial intenuptions for greater ,purpose. This Yril Law of sustenance is not mechanistic in

action. Vril is personable.

be mapped.

Inertial technology forces Vril aurae to expand and con-

Consciousness is the fundamental Vril energetic quality.

tract.

V ril is consciousness. Experience is the environmental measure

V ril intent matches and surpasses inertial presence to of efficiency by which conscious energy is exchanged. Vril

preserve organismic regionalintegrity. Vril projects generativity Sciencestudies the foundations ofbeing. Vril Science considers

and sustains worlds. Vril aurae are tufted striations. SpecificV ril the transactions which occur within and among space and the

aurae contain pro-generative inflections during specific generated realities within those space. VrilTechnology devises

times.Native Vril states exceed all inertial empowerment

the means through which being and consciousness may be

V ril insensate threads are sensed as prickling sensations brought to their intended levels of experience.

when contact is not well-designed.

Each region is typified by spedftc geology, geological

Vril eidetic absorption expands consciousness in Vril species, vril alignments, and eidetic transactions. Among the eideticworlds. Vril eidetic absorption eradicates simple inerti~ many experiential regions there exist more highly prefeiTed

sensory blocks. Vril Science is discovered via Vril eidetic regions. A region is an experiential holism of speciftc content

connection. Minerals and metals, material configurations, and and attribute. Regional experiential boundaries are sensed by

configurational alignment must be eidetically experienced, sensiUves. Such sensitivities prove to defy national boundaries.

tested, and utilized. ·

Vril regions are mappable and possessed ofboundaries which

The black radiance of space is the Vril projected space are self-determined.

aura. Vril is the glowing blackness from which emerge experi-

On this eidetic sensitivity depend all the developments

ences. V ril is the black radiance in which meanings are revealed in the~ COMPENDIUM. Without these eidetic

received. Vril black radiances emanate all worlds.

sensitivities one loses the entire context in which this tome has

Alchymysts studied the eidetic transactions of elements been composed.

and earth materials. They studied the eidetic transactions and

When we eidetically experience Vril we find oUISelves

not the dead ash which may be grasped. Ash degenerates. The translated into anotherspace and experience altogether...another

eidetic essence of every material is an experiential substance domain of power. This is the fusion with the universe ofwhich

which must be apprehended through communal interfusion. the ancients speak. Itis literal suspensionwithin a glowing black

This is the seaet of alchymy. The study of eidetic transactions space which is. filled and flowing with created realities of all

and their manner of interwedding and blending produces kinds. We freely translate through rare and ultimate experi-

exotic elements which defy chemical analysis.

ences when in this space. Our coiTespondence with the

Spedal places and materials have always been assodated apparent world becomes a mere facade for a reality whose

with heightened consciousness. The search for these arti.tlces is presence actually permeates all that appears.

Vril guided. Vril acknowledgement of sUJTOunding space

Its permeations thoroughly suffuse our every thought Our

becomes true communion when Vrillocates conductive mate- dreams are composed of its substance. Our being is generated

rials and V ril active sites. There are such places and materials and sustained by its care. We may enter this experience

which so conduct organically projected Vril threads that the through power points and specific designs. We thus may enter

entire organism is permanently transmuted.

this metaphysical experience through "gates": places which

Technologicalsystems are developed through the intuitive coiTespond to its presence, diagrams, artifice {Vril accumula-

vision ofVril. Technological systems are Vril systems first and tors, transducers, tuners), cluster chords, color chords, thought-

foremost Systems operate at the most fundamental stages of forms...the ancient literature is filled with the means for entering

being: geometry, position, alignment, material composition, this absolute reality.

arrangement, and combination. It is through these parameters

The proliferation of many curious designs (which employ

~t V ril is allowed expression. V ril Sdence is revelatory double, triple and even quadruple ground-plates for their

Science. V ril Science and Technology is only gained through operation) represent the most powerful suggestion of virtual

.vision, revelation, and personal transformation. Great time is architecture. The intriguing archetypical coiTespondence of

required to receive these truths. Excessive experimental re- (parallel) knife blades with telegraphic (parallel) ground-plates

search does not grant such revelation.

is just as powerful an association as when we compare {Eur~

The primary function of any design is the conduction and pean) neolithic (parallel) evergreen groves and the (parallel)

proliferation ofVril. V ril systems naturally display the conduc- walls of Notre-Dame. The symmetry and function is not

tive removal ofdetrital products. These detrital products result coincidental in activity. We learn about the Vril power and how

from interactions which occur between Vril and inertial space. to make use of its presence through such examples.

The operative function ofsystems in degenerate modes may be

Power outputs obtained along these grounded lines greatly

unnaturally forced and maximized. The electrical mode of exceeded the power input through batteries in a dimension

technological componentry is the very last degenerate stage of which cannot be measured: aVril dimension of experiential

system activity. Extended eidetic presence reveals the unnatu- power and manifestations. Who can weigh the force of a

ral presence of space resistance.

thought against a mere watt's worth ofelectrical pressure? Who

The greaterV ril function ofcomponentry remains lost and can insist that a thousand volt potential exceeds the power of

forgotten. The true operative function of fundamental environ- a revelation? Which is greater power...that which gives designs

mental objects remains hidden to most Vril threadways may · and revelation or the arti.tlces of inertia?

VRIL RECEIVERS
Look at telegraphy designs as radionic circuits. Though marked by extreme simplidty and ruggedness they transduce great potential across equally great distances. When we examine the duplex and multiplex circuits from this point ofview we arrive at very different perspectives than when looking from an "electric" viewpoint. Suddenly we are no longer interested in the minute details ofthe electrical exchanges and the maddening conduction paths (which defy experience and logic). We are viewing the radionic functioning of the circuitry in whole
perspective. we see the sections as wholes...as aggregates and cavities of resonance rather than as singular paths of conduc-
tion. These systems oftelegraphy (and their components) were capable resonators of the VIii power.
The curious manner by which we may best examine the patents (seeing whole portions of circuitry rather than speciftc little activities therein) seems to indicate the nature ofthe power which forged the system. Remember most of the telegraphic developments originally emergedfrom dream impressions and visions. therefore it is aucial that we recognize the holistic signature of the power which forged the system. We can easily achieve this awareness by seeing (not independent little "electrical" activities: internal paths and shunts, vibrations, and
reactions) but by grasping whole portions of the diagrams
given. Confusion between VIii activity and electrical impress-
ments caused early electrical engineers to imagine that empirically discovered efB.dency equalled "electrical effidency". They do not. The empirically discovered means (for enlarging and enhandng telegraphic signals) had nothing to do with electrical signa1ling at all. Yet, it is difiicult to convince most conventionalists of these truths. Why? Do not certain Vril systems operate in electrical (inertial) modes? They do. Where do the differences substantially diverge? How were the differences ever merged to begin with?
Telegraphic systems worked because they served Vril prindples...not electrical ones. Empirically discovered components and their (apparent) functions were not thoroughly examined to discern the important differences. It was assumed that these empirical functions were actual indications that the
components (coils, resistors, batteries, plates, etc.) were perfotming electrical work functions. In fact they were not. They
worked in spite ofthe electrical impressments. Yet what did we ·~d historically?
Vril power is equated with the functional service of material forms. Historical evidence proves the andents to have achieved this equation. We will find an amazing repetition (of symmetries and forms, patterns and shapings, functions and abilities) when comparing the functional elements oftelegraphy and wireless with the fuDctional elements of andent architecture.
Vril is the powerful reality through which many had been receiving bilocational impressions of the most powerful sort. The telegraph line could transfer"dreams and visions" from far offplaces. Operators frequently thought themselves to be going mad. We may infer by these several patents the mannerisms and requirements by which V ril energy interacts with applied

electnKtimuli on grounded conductors. The concept ofcommunicating at a distance is as old as the
mythologies themselves. The vision ofresonant crystals (gazing
spheres and stones) have been retrieved from the archane chambers of time in which they were buried. This concept of "action-at-a-distance" was quizD.cally challenged repeatedly throughout history. The last derisive attack was heardjust after the phenomenon of wireless commenced: in 1862 when the discoveries ofMahlonLoomis were attackedbytheSmithsonian Institute.
The "tsuringas" of the Australian Aborigine are matched by the European devices andently used in temples throughout theWestern World. These persist in legend and myth and are the dream tokens of a forgotten technology. ToJkien mentions the "palantiri" (gazing stones), Prester John used "seeing stones", KG.Wells wrote an entire short story (''The Crystal Egg'1 on the wonderful topic, and numerous investigators (RDrown and G.DelaWarr) produced mysterious photographs through equally mystifying technological means. The geometries of temples, spedally aligned and constructed of speciftc matter, gave great power to those sensitives whose genetic predelictions enabled them to see at a distance.
Telegraphic systems were originally conceived by medieval and renaissance thinkers, who saw some revelatory glimmer in the phenomenon of magnets and compass action. The concept that lodestones could be made to correspond with spatial resonance was a profound revelation for the times in which it was received. The notion that lodestones could be separated and yet remain in mutual correspondence was the basis on which telegraphic and wireless arts were later based. These were esoteric revelations which partake of the sdence which treats of earth, planets, stars, and active space•••indeed the experience ofVril operators. These early visions of crystalcorrespondence and space-resonance dealt primarily with the more excellent Vril form of connectivity and continuity which we are again fortunate to examine in our day.
The bibliography of the past is invaluable toward achievingsumnalrevelations: suddenholistic configurations ofthought in which all the anomalous parts seem to "spring" into coherent form. These coherent forms are infrequent but powerful in their advent. They represent some sensate portion of an archeform from which the pieces of discovery are to be derived.
The concept ofcommunicating at a distance is as old as the
mythologies themselves. The vision ofresonant crystals (gazing
spheres and stones) have been retrieved from the archane chambers of time in which they were buried. This concept of "action-at-a-distance" was quizD.cally challenged repeatedly throughout history. The last derisive attack was heard just after the phenomenon of wireless commenced: in 1862 when the discoveries ofMahlon Loomis were attacked by theSmithsonian Institute.
The European devices andently used in temples throughout theWestern World persist in legend and myth. They are the dream tokens of a forgotten technology. ToJkien mentions the
"palantiri" (gazing stones), Presterjohn used "seeing stones", H.G.Wells wrote an entire short story ("The Crystal Egg'1 on
.the wonderful ~pic, and numerous investigators (RDrown and

G.DelaWarr)producedmysteriousphotographsthroughequally

ResearcheiS who discovered that certain kinds of (earth

mystifying technological means. The geometries of temples, induction) were "anomalous" were baftled. Empirical inven-

specially aligned and constructed ofspedfi.c matter, gave great toiS took these anomalous instances and worked them into

power to those sensitives whose genetic predelictions enabled equally strange apparatus. These form the bulk of our bibliog-

them to see at a distance.

raphy. The Vril functions of telegraph systems and their

Telegraphic systems were originally conceived by medi- components forms the basis of an immense revelation. The

eval and renaissance alchymysts who experienced the eidetic telegraphicsystems represented the first instance in which large

phenomena inherentin magnets. Lodestones could be made to trans-regional systems were interconnecting earth and dty-

eidetically correspond atgreat distances: a profound revelation centeiS directly. In addition, we find the trans-national intercon-

for the times in which it was received. The notion that nections and even the trans-oceanic connections which so

lodestones could be separated and yet remain in mutual gripped the minds of the day.

correspondence was the basis on which telegraphic and wire-

FiiSt and foremost therefore the telegraphic communica-

less arts were later based.

tions systems were Vrll connected systems. Intimately fused

These revelations can never be comprehended unless on with the ground power they transduced its energetic peiSOna

the basis of eidetic transaction. These early visions of aystal- directly between towns and (especially) sensitive operatoiS.

correspondence and space-resonance dealt primarily with a The primary power which operated in these systems did not

more excellent form of connectivity and continuity which we require application of electrldty at all. H not for the human

are again fortunate to examine in our day.

failure to consdously sense and operate with this power we

The externalization of the mind and senses to reach could have seen astounding fulfillments yeaiS before our time.

beyond one's self and fuse with the univeiSe hi only possible in The nature of these Vril energies have not been discussed

the Vril channels and threadways of the environment. These before with any great depth.

interpierce the environment along spedfi.c and long-heralded

That the telegraphic system can (and does) operate in an

fixed positions, whose legendary life-generating poweiS are empathic manner 1s demonstrated by the findings of several

well-known in each land. Marked by monuments, stones, notable researcheiS: although these are thought-connections

bouldeiS, temples, munidpal structures, cathedrals and univer- rarely discussed in this regards. Galvani, Mesmer, Baron Karl

sities, these Vrll points permit enhanced fusion with the von Reichenbach, and others discovered something distinctive

univeiSe.

when using connections between their apparatus and human

Learning the Vril methods at these sites is pivotal to subjects. Whereas von Guericke would use electrlc pressure to

acquiring the coveted knowledge ofVril fusion. Those who so "shock" people into (dangerous) insensibility, there were

engage become especially empowered to work sodally trans- individuals whose central interest lay in the vitalizing aspects of

mutative changes through technological means alone. Thus (at certain ''worked" devices.

a great distance from cosmopolitan centres) one may arrange

Dr.AAbrams and his experimental arrangement for

for life-raising life-generative changes which affect nations and entuning thought-forms: another step in a progressive move-

regions.

ment toward empathic transmissions. With wired attachments

Such operation demands that inertia be broken. This (to the bodies of separated individuals) Dr.Abrams literally

requires not only proper placement (with respect to Vril points) demonstrated that thought-forms could be holistically trans-

but also technological appliances of definitive design.

ferred. These through-line transfeiS exceeded the thought-

Archetypes and their presence produce astounding trans- transference commonly called "telepathic" (through space

actions in experiential space. The re-structuring of our own alone). The interposition of minerals and metals and spedal

order seems indicated. When archetypes are revealing them- components (rheostats, variable resistance bridges, minerals,

selves everything is in fusion. The entire feat is wondrous and organic matter, etc.) enhanced, amplified, and clarified the

highly stimulating to cultures in which these metaphysical same signals.

.events are focussed. Indeed the movement and activity of

Somewhere in his studies of electrldty (1830) Lindsay was

axhetypes fonns the last step in the process of dvilization. struck with the notion ofutilizing "electridty" for spedal modes

COming through metaphysically intense hieroglyphics the of lighting, motor-power, and communication. We hear his

archetype engages all possible connections with contemporary pronouncements on the future use of electridty when proph-

themes.

esying that electric lamps "...ablaze with the light of the sun .... ·

That this is a mystical process is characterized by the fact neither hampered by weather or any natural conditions ... will

that all sensitive peiSons sense the coming change...but no one light the night world and banish fear...". Yet it was Vril which

individual is the source. The collective aspects ofthe archetype gave the vision. It was Vril which glowed in the mind. And it

indicates the fact that the effect is psychospatially distributed: was Vril which was to reveal a far greater technology.

a proof that space is endowed with sensation and conscious-

Descriptions of his ideas on electrical technology reminds

ness. All that we experience and sense is generated...in the one of the flair and vision expressed by Jules Verne in his

spaces: the andently accepted reality. In the mysterious man- wonderful novels of both future and meta-terrestrial worlds.

ner (which may never learn) the archetype becomes an entirely Mr.I.Jndsay suggested that submarine cables might be laid

different character with new potentials which never before between land masses while using "earth batteries and bare

appeared.

· ·wires" as the means for power transfer. How he managed to

receive this grand leap of wisdom and vision remains the hallmark of the mental alchymyst the reception of Vril mind runes, symbols, meanings, and message.
Earth batteries are electrlcalshort~cuits. The use ofmetal plates to "attract the earth currents" was mentioned by several inventors (Strong). Earth batteries and aerial batteries produce each their own proportions of visceral, eide.tic, and inertial products. Earth batteries transact Vril viscera-eidetic energies.
Earth and aerial "batteries" were configured in various material geometries to produce sped1ic proportions of inertial detritus. Some ofthese were configured to transact with inertial vortices {Dieckmann). The development ofsmall and compact earth battery and early rheostatic rate tuners proved capable of transacting Vril eidetic world archeforms.
They have been used to boost the organic integrity and health of the body (G.Stu:r-White). They may function as therapeutic devices. Earth battery arrangements have been used in both the diagnosis and therapy ofthe human organism (RDrown). Earth battery design forms have been discovered in Pyramids and Gothic Cathedrals. These massive designs exceed their function as generators and sustainers of regional mind transmutations.
Earth batteries may be designed to magnify the inertial vortex components {Dieckman) of the ground. They may be used to magnify human communications across vast reaches of ground via Vril (Stubblefield).
The anomalous accumulation of static across grounded telegraphic aerial lines is noteworthy. Aerial batteries and earth batteries are not primarily and fundamentally electrical in activity at all.
Earth batteries do not derive their electricity from any electrical currents in the earth, neither do they derive their potent amounts of electrical power from electrochemical actions which would be better served in isolated solution-ftlled tanks. The energy of earth batteries is primarily Vrillic. They are configured to channel detritus into appropriate utilities. Earth batteries were also designed for therapeutic effects.
Such configurations transacted powerful eidetic experience through physical contact. Burled minerals and metals when properly aligned and mutually configured produce superior and surpassing eidetic transactions which incidently raise organismic integrity. Earth batteries secureVril in its most potent form and make it available. at ground surface. Earth ·batteries are conductive links with Vril channels. Direct contact with these designs affects permanent beneficial changes in the capacity of the mind.
Earth batteries extend the sensitivity and vision of the human organism across vast regions of ground. They promote bilocational vision and synaesthesic communication of exceptional clarity. The extraction of inertial detritus from burled earth batteries cannot be electrical in origin and cause. Vril impaction of burled minerals and metals releases inertia on contact.
Minerals and metals respond to impaction releasing energetic currents of inertial condensations. These are not all particulate in nature.
Visceral currents were reported by Galvani, Mesmer, and

Stubblefield, and G.W.Starr-White. The popular Victorian use of the term "electricity" was adopted by those sensitives who used the word when refening to viscero-eidetic natural energies. Dowsers "feel the rays ... feel the currents". Galvani and Mesmer also "felt the rays ... felt the currents" while across the space between metal plates and poles.
The inertial fractions and detrital products of earth batteries is anomalous from the electrodynamic viewpoint earth batteries are short circuits. Earth batteries are directly connected with the ground. This is supposedly the way in which charges are drained away from charged sites. The paradox of grounded drainage and elevated charge accumulations reverses when considering that the burled cables of Samuel Morse actually "accumulated so much static charge thatsignals were impossible".
The furtive signalling of unattended telegraph block receivers was a mysterious excmsion in the language of the ground itsel£ The ground spontaneously would release several concise coded signals of no certain content. Telegraph operators were familiar with this sort of natural language. Mystery messages were noted at times with specific intrigue.
Mesmer's battery released a visceral, non-detrital unipolar discharge. Reich's orgone "accumulator'' configured specific transactions which were primarily visceral in effect. Essential vitalistic batteries are various classes ofVril transactors. These must remain connected to their parent generative sources.
REGIONAL LINKAGE Cities, towns, villages, metropolitan areas are Vril inter-
connected. Ground and space Vril distributions governs the vivifying supply which both extends existence and activity to those places. Comprehension is required to know the ground structure which densiftes Vril channels and connects regions and districts together.
Vril transacts with the natural media. Vril threadways wind through buildings. Vril threadways utilize passageways, hallways, stairwells.
Vril threads move through cities and building like black twisting ivy. They necessarily encorporate themselves among every humanly arranged artifice and project ofconstruction for the sustenance of organismic integrity. Vril eidetically transacted archeforms are agencies by which experiential space may be locally transmuted.
It is demonstrated that similar equally powerful transactions have been effected through the use ofsmall eidetic world transactors. These reactors and tuners are not costly and have tremendous ability to focus archeforms in the absence of the need for massive shelters.
Vril eidetic worlds blend. Combinations of materials and geometric configurations encourage eidetic world blends in a small district. Transference ofeidetic world archeforms into the infra-structure of the apparent world gives demonstrated effect throughout a district. Geometric runes may be impressed upon inhabitants of a region through the activity of a single individual.
Such socially extant proliferations occur with great frequency when ~ts operate at specific points.

The geometric structures and mineral compositions of cators and conducting channels if eidetic experience is to be

Gothic proved powerful in the entunement of eidetic world maximized. Improper configurations produce dangerous iner-

contents. Both exteriors and interiors of Gothic cathedrals tial and impaired eidetic experience.

prove their focussing potential The resulting impact of trans-

'I1ns is a view-channel universe. Vril eidetics pennit

acted eidetic worlds upon inertial space brings totally altered structural viewing of the universe through material windows.

consciousness of a raised permanent nature to any locale Vast eidetic communion is achieved when examining Vril

desired.

hieroglyphic plaques in the presence of potent Vril thread

Vril eidetic worlds blend. The apparent world folds and discharges: this was the foundation ancientVril technology and distorts, fades, and dissolves, when blends are magnified. Such system of communications.

disappearances and appearances occwred at spedftc Vril

In ancient systems of Vril communications ancient Vril

configured points. Noumenous objects are Vril conductive operators were able to obtain bilocational distal experiential

objects. Spedilcmaterio-Vrilliccontacts releaseforgotten knowl- information. Ancient astronomers were travellers, not catalog-

edge. Spedftc materio-Vrilllc contacts re-famtliartze partici- ers of transits. Planetary configurations were alchymycal com-

pants with lost awarenesses.

binations which produced new eidetic elements. These new

Excessive inertial concentration brings depression and elements were transitory and capable of bemg enhosted in

inappropriate behavior patterns. Regional Vril ground modu- spedftc substrates (waters, mineral powders, metal plates).

lations heals away inertial rigidiftcations in a region. 'I1ns occurs

Improper conftgurations remove possible new eidetic

natural during eidetic world surges. Vril technology does effect elements needed on earth toward the achievement of rare

regional changes on behavior patterns. The elevation of re- operations. Vril projects through space at points to generate,

gional consciousness is a primary goal ofVril Tech.

sustain, and build up materials. Certainground batteries are the

Organisms constantlymaterially contactVril eideticworlds sites of prolific transaction which lead to transmutations.

through connective discharges. Vril eidetic experience is or-

The metals prove the independent existence of their

ganismic infra-consciousness. Vril eidetic world experiences parent eidetic worlds.

are dream-foundations which are essential to organismic integ-

We can arrange the existence of the projective worlds in

rity.

eidetic reactions and blends. Metals are inertial agglumerations

The regional musical transmission ofholJstic intelligence of which densify their eidetic world qualities.

the deepest sort was attained in Gothic Cathedral systems

The world is flooded with eidetic images.The world is

through Vril point-connections. The huge monolithic compo- flooded with eidetic images. Stars project stored knowledge.

nents ofGothic Cathedrals were activated byspedftc harmonic Andent star-gazers were eidetic recipients who employed

systems organismically expressed by adept-operators.

towers, staves, rods, aerial spears, sceptres, altars, helmetry,

Vril continuities and holJsms are evidenced as chunldng of jewel studded body armor, Vril nodal sites, aligned natural

system components. Meanings crystallize in systems. Portions ridges and other artifices for direct personal transaction with

of whole meanings crystallize in spedftc components. These stars.

may be isolated and experientially examined. Separatingsuch

Vril transaction is guided experience through Vril eidetic

components of Vril dense configurations result in loss of world landscapes. Sacred arts musicks are signiftcant in their

context and meaningful system operation. 'I1ns is especially powerful Vril channel engagement and entry. Vril junctures

apparent in written minerals and metals: where separating and natural Vril eidetic nodes absorb such Vril active vocal

single sentences suflices to derange the reader's continuous expressions.

meaningful transactions.

Other musical forms are not absorbed in such fashion or

Education is not the tool through which humanity must be accepted by them. Free standing Vril ganglia may be sighted

CC?nsciously raised. Vril technology alone can sufliciently raise among evergreen tress.

the soda! mind on a regional scale. Material systems are

Deep and liquidlyglowingblackVril caverns are the cause

.fundamentally Vril transactive systems. Minerals and metals of most eidetic experiences concerned with subterranean

~e Vril projected cascades.

caverns which are never found physically.

Detrital products are not V ril system fundamental. Inertial

Sensitives locate spatially clustered Vril nodes. Sensitives

technology employs inertial-detritus as a working substance. identify Vril nodes as expansive conscious radiances and

Geometric natural configurations produce exceeding Vril derive eidetic transactions.

eidetic potentials. Vril eidetic transactor designs may use

Time is a Vril sensation. and place. There is a sense in

geometric configurations, etchings, carvings, and sculpted which Vril eidetic experience of deep grounds brings with it

forms to dissolve detritus. Natural minerals and metals surge ancient sensations. There is a sense in which spaceward eidetic

and transact with local sensitives. Sensitives and visionaries transactions bring with them futural sensations. Stars may

may be drawn into eidetic translations when ground material themselves be pure Vril projected minerals and metals. The

eidetically surges.

deepest foundations which surpass the deepest inertifted earth

Certain sensitives access ground crystals and modulate stratum may be made of pure Vril projected minerals and

eidetic translations to achieve extraordinary actions throughout metals.

a districl

In such experiential examinations of our apparent world

Ground appliances must be equipped with inertial eradi- · and its horizontality, we place cardinal axiomatic regard upon

eidetic transactions received up through the natwal ground media directly. In this Template of consideration we experience the mechanism and structure of the ground itself as device. In accessing these deep consdous earth functions we rely on knowledge which enables the ground-surface access of these very deep quasi-physical strata.
In the eidetic world experience the ,appearance of spheridties and inertio-surftdal convolutions {"curved earth, earth as globe, planets as globes, space as spherical...') are often absent and experienUally unimportant. Vril Light is formative radiance. VrillJght gives eidetic translation among and through Vril Templates.
VRIL STRUCfURE Arcade, nave, choir, portal, catacomb, transept, t:riforium,
arch, crypt, clerestory, chevet, buttress, choir, aisle, vaults, altar ... all the symmetries of GotJU,c Architecture are portrayed in telegraphic art design. The manner ofportrayal is their manner ofphysicaldisposition. Spatialtransactions are projected through these physical dispositions. Telegraphic stations {often mere shacks in the woods) were enhosted with virtual architecture of Crystallographicvirtual Cathedrals form about telegraphic line anchorages form up from the ground and remain convoluted about the aerial connections as virtual architecture. Gothic forms of the rectangle {Buckingham). The emergence of corresponding empathic arches (Lockwood).
We may adopt an even loftier and most fundamental view of these designs: comparing them· indeed to the andent symmetries. When this is done an amazing similarity immediately leaps up at us from the pages of drawings. We may view the designs of the COMPENDIUM as symbolic architectures in experiential space: active, effective, and dynamically involved in mutating and modulating our consdousness. When we adopt a "hieroglyphic stance" we find in these patents even more astounding symmetries. These (which appear repeatedly in every Vril design of the andent world} shock our awareness into recognizing the space we have discovered and the means for entering it.
Practice seeing the circuit portions as if they were solid pieces of architecture: the walls, halls, arches, and tunnels reminiscent ofcathedral structures. This is the Vril functioning of !he systems you examine. Do this consistendy with every system you examine throughout the COMPENDIUM. It is the only means by which you will grasp the true significance of these archane developments and designs. It is the only means by which you will comprehend my theme and pwpose throughout my writings. Taking this Vril view we can easily extinguish the habitual "electrical" reference, in which most people become confused and entrapped.
Vril virtual structures are exceedingly organic and polycrystalline: having a wondrously irregular and dysangular form.
In the tunable componentry of telegraphy there was realized a means by which tunable virtual transformative enclosures could be structured,m strengthened, maintained, and frequented without the need of erected material architecture at all.

Virtual architecture materializes around the telegraphic
system represents the emergence ofVril eidetic world transac-
tion ofswpassing depth. These forms appear crystalline when contacted they alter consdousness Persons who frequent these sites are themselves transmuted individuals. Gifted with exceptional sensitivities such persons often are the very ones who receive Vril revelations and design Vril technologies.
Medieval architects captured somewhat of these crystalline virtual forms in massive structures of spedal rock. Virtual architecture requires little more than proper {minute} material configurations capable of entuning archeforms.
Properly grounded and aligned these bring Vril eidetic transactions of deepest potentials into a district. Cooperation
and respectful regard for ordained Vril points must precede
such concerted efforts and operations. The goal ofsuch Vril technology is the powerful elevation
of regional technology. Intelligent devices partake ofVril transactions and appear
capable of expressing meanings through their super-radiant transactions. Telegraphic stations often arranged the emergence and transaction of Vril eidetic archeforms. telegraphic stations surrounded their operators in the whole geometry of raised Vril archeforms.
Repetitive forms manifest throughout vastly diverse technologies. Speciftc archetypic forms permeate and persist continuously throughout the historically developing emergence of technologies. We see in several telegraphic and telephonic systems archetypic forms which are drcuit-equivalent ofGothic vaults and buttresses.
In most ofthe designs ofElisha Grey we find the persistent permeation of Gothic designs and symmetries. Arched circuit diagrams are notvery unlike the detailed profile ofan immense Cathedral vault, buttresses, arcades, choirs, and transepts are virtually duplicated in telegraphic designs. Such striking similarities are direct eidetic transactions of the very deepest sort, and point with unening accuracy at their parent source. Vril is
the permeating transactor in human affairs. What societies and cultures lose, Vril retains. We are continuously bombarded
with these singular truths among our centuries of faltering developmenl
The lines alongwhich Gothic Cathedrals were constructed
resemble the lines along which telegraph systems were organized Telegraph lines became most eidetically transactive
when conforming with Vril juncture requirements. certain telegraph lines operated entirely without electrical activations.
Cathedral structures enlarge V ril generated auric components but not V ril itself. Throughout the patent record and the annals ofarchane history we discover the permeating existence of forms whose functions reveal this truth. The message of the symbols and geometries which some have received in deepest vril contacts reveals the regional archeforms as agendes of power.
Telegraphy and telephony used such dendritic articulated threadways, although these were humanly constructed and articulated. Vril self-articulates its own patterns and forms in mineral solutions (Kolisko). Vril seU:articulates its own paths .through the ground and in minerals and metals provided for

specific Vril transactions.

experience extremely heightened vision, consdous extension,

The arch and the pa.rallel plate form permeates and persists synaesthesic sensations, and anomalous energetic reactivities.

throughout history as a spedal Vril eidetic transaction. This Lighthouses are sites where Vril activities can become extreme

form appears in andent architecture of temple sites, Gothic (M.Theroux).

Cathedrals, and in designs perfected by Stubblefield Distal

Certain Vrilgrounds are distinctive. Viewing the heavens

grounded arches remain in meaningful correspondence via upon vril points yields dramatic experience of celestial reali-

Vril transactions. Experiments with arches and yokes of iron ties. Andent observatories werespecially placed nearVril point

have proven these forms capable ofpropelling eidetic transac- altars. Certain places marked sites where Vril contact between

tions along a tightly tunneled experiential path. One "sees ground and stars had been identified and localized. Altars as

through the walls" and travels swiftly along a very tight and Vril contact points are evei}'Where marked in the andent

smooth passage which runs along the ground to a great distance mapworks. Vril altars which were dedicated to specific planets

from the experiential contact point.

and stars are historically extant. Vril altars which were dedi-

Vrilvirtualforms are entuned for their eidetic transactivities cated to speciflc mind states and Vril space qualities are less

alone. The massive structure of Gothic Cathedrals relies upon well recognized. Vril points mark intersections where Vril

geometry to achieve eidetic transaction on a vast scale. The threadways are directed vertically through the stratified appar-

eidetic interplay and transactions ofVril worlds amid materio- ent worldlt is possible to construct shared vision space where

resonant cavities, sinuses, chambers, vaults, arches, halJs, Vril threads import bilocational experience to a fixed number

shafts, crypts, ribbings vastly exceeds the eidetic potential of of exposed persons.

free space. Vril-conductive labyrinthine arrays are necessary to

In these temple spaces it may be necessary to enclose a

specific Vril transactions.

spedal number of persons. The use of pattern-engraved plates

Nothingness is the Vril all-possible. Nothingness lies be- of grounded metal serve as communicators.Deep ground Vril

yond the insensate. Vril generates from nothingness. Vril channels require deep preparations and excessive technolo-

generates and sustains environments. Differences in natural gies. Gothic crypts and grottoes were attempts toward the use

eidetic experience produce cultural differences. Difference in ofVril deep channels. Locating and modulating the Vril Prime

national consdousness are the result of forgetting andent Vril Axis was the ultimate desire of Cathedral builders and opera-

technologies.

tors.

The natural consdousness ofseparate regions and districts

Vril channels were singular and spedftcally branched

proceeded apart through time. Spedftc regions fell into speciflc when all matter was made in fixed sectors. The removal of

inertial conditions as a result of increasing ignorance concern- materials from parent bodies shears and separates Vril chan-

ing Vril technology. Differences in such natural consdousness nels into fine support threads. Such generative and supportive

have separated nations and are responsible for the sodal Vril threads proceed from metaphysically depths and are

discord within and among nations. Inertialized and rigidified maintained in deeper Vril eidetics.

conditions continue to densify in the absence of corporate

Vril differentiations occur along conduction paths. Vril

efforts to dissolve the true enemy. Inertialized intelligence differentiations produce vast potentials despite initial Vril

perceives Vril power to be "weak and mystically ineffective". intensities. Vril reaction requires eidetic node configurations.

Vril technology raises consdous potentials bymergingand Vitality of immense degree results when small intense Vril

transmuting regional eidetic experience through dimensional transactions are directed Such isolated intense reactions nee-

translation of archeforms into a region. Systems of education, essarily involve the very ground and space together when so

bureaucracy, geopolitics, finance, are incapable of raising directed.

human consdousness. Vril technology opens the human con-

Vril dence is entirely based upon humanly valuable

sdous potentials by exposing regions to fundamental Vril experience. Vrilsdence subjectiftes the objective. Deepground

eiaetic archeforms. Civilization depends upon Vril eidetic Vril channels require deep preparations and excessive tech-

transactions for consdous expansions.

nologies. Gothic crypts and grottoes were attempts toward the

, Vril art and Vril technology are one and the same. Vril Art use of V ril deep channels. Locating and modulating the Vril

transforms the unsuspecting beholder through eidetic transac- Prime Axis was the ultimate desire of Cathedral builders and

tions. Vril Art effects regional changes on unsuspecting inhab- operators.

itants when properly aligned and configured.

Vril channels were singular and speciflcally branched

Vril eidetic transactions of archeforms can be conducted when all matter was made in fixed sectors. The removal of

through spedal geometric configurations. Vril transmutations materials from parent bodies shears and separates Vril chan-

do take place through such forms. Such Vril transmutations nels into fine support threads. Such generative and supportive

effect whole regions permanently. Operators who effect such Vril threads proceed from metaphysically depths and are

regional transmutations have been rarely known. the changes maintained in deeper Vril eidetics. Vril Templates explain the

which they have secretly effected remain.

mutual permeation, interdependence, and independence of

Towers are aerial batteries which act as aerial Vril anodes soecific and distinct Vril frames.

and cathodes. These design forms link ground Vril with other - There are nodes, junctures, and points in which several

space. Vril extends upward through these components into Vril Templates meet and coalesce. These are extraordinary other space directly. Human operators within such designs .. and special po~ts. Specific thread traces become maddening

to sentient beings. Specific materials provide conductive paths which relate among the eidetics. Consdousness is experienced in staged Vril Eidetics. Vril virtual tuners focus Vril transactive presence. Vril virtual forms are entuned byspecial designs. Vril virtual forms define eidetic content and experience. The entunement of V ril virtual forms does not require physical structure. Vril virtual forms are experlence.d amid spedal tuning assemblages in the absence of physical structure.
Vril dendritic distributions fractures the inertial space. Vril fractures persist in all physical and metaphysical directions. Eidetic upon Eidetic the worlds ofVril archeforms are experienced. Vril generates and sustains matter. Vril Eidetics build upon each other with stages of eidetic contents and consdousness. V ril enters all materials.in higher transactive eidetics. V ril self-inflects and self:.permutes.
Vril experience is mostly insensate in quality. Vril experience begins when the human organism contacts eidetic transactions. Eidetic transactions project insensate vrll threads through space. The human organism does not immediately perceive insensate Vril threads. Vril vision proceeds in staged sequences. We are drawn into sudden holistic realizations of Vril presence.
Cathedrals magnify visceral experiences in excess. Specific Cathedral points release the eidetic contents. These were reserved for the adepts and operators of the site. Eidetic imagery and receptions were arranged en masse when specific musical harmonics are sung. Musical tones stimulate the mass receipt of a singular consdousness.
Nothingness is a potential ftlled with sensation. Vril generates being out of nothingness. Vril etched contact plates are hieroglyphically articulated. Sensitives envision {in these espedally activated designs} whole forms and meanings of a runic nature. V ril self-articulates in aerial-ground transitions and in material contact assemblages. Eidetic imagery is the fundamental activity of minerals and metals and material configurations.
Most human potentials find expression via V ril technology.
All technological components fundamentally operate in Vril conductive modes. The naturally construction of early technologies represent intuitive made strong-Vril partidpations. Art is fundamentally Vrillic. Design is fundamentally Vrillic. Mathematical code and symbology is inertial.
Arches interconnect Vril ground concentrations. These ·provide excessive power within CathedraJs. V ril is conducted
ulto, across, and down through large stone arcades. The
interconnection of local V ril points raises specific archeforms. Archeforms raise consdousness into rigorously stabilizedstates. Vril point interconnections are not always quadri-rectangular in orientation. It is not proper to impose pre-conceived design ordinances upon the Vril natural environment.
Inverted arches interconnect aerial Vril points. Outer roof ornamentation of Gothic CathedraJs are always provided with aerial terminals. Aerial terminals connect V ril threads with aerial dendrites. Arch conducted V ril passes through these conductors and can reach out into space ifthe energy so intend.
Arch roof construction is provided with aerial connective terminals. Dr.Mahlon Loomis raised siiililar forms into the

aerialV ril distribution to achieve longrange telegraphywithout wires or power sources. Ancient Vril eidetic technology employed natural stone gaps, grottoes, caverns, mountain escarpments and other natural sites where Vril junctures could be approached and entered. Powerful engagement of eidetic worlds bring regional transmelding power into the operator's reach.
Vril eidetic world threads project through generated mineraJs and metals. MineraJs and metals are Vril projected. Material configurations (architecture} effect powerfully specific viscera-eidetic transactions.
Each region reveals specific eidetic world surges. Each region is suffused in specific archeforms which determine eidetic transactions and recepUvities.
Metaforms and archeforms eidetically translate into sur-
roundings when properly engaged through eidetic nodes.
Metaforms and archetypes alterlocal consdousness and permit open~ed eidetic experience among pluralities of unsuspecting partidpants. Archeforms and metaforms penetrate and transmute inertial experiential spaces. Metaforms eidetically maintain their content irregardless of position and sensitivity.
Vril regions are known by their specific eidetically projective archeforms. Archeforms in specific Vril districts and regions are everywhere evident. Vril technology enhances awareness through eidetic trans. The transaltion ofVril eidetic archeforms into the inertial environment proves to have excessive power in the elevation of soda! consdousness.
Archeform translations via material configurations represents the first step toward the develoment of superior mental states, social levels, and the production ofspedal minerals and metals. The impressment ofVril Archeforms through regions via Vril devices impresses these eidetic experiences on inhabitants for purposes of increasing sensate experience while raising and modulating consdousness.
Geometrically configured mineraJs and metals develop modifted Vril viscera-eidetic potentials. Each region is typifted by specific natural archeform: a geology. Geological spedes, Vril alignments, and eidetic transactions.
Among the many experiential regions there exist more highly preferred regions. A region is an experiential holism of specific content and attribute.
Regional experiential boundaries are sensed by sensitives. Such sensitivities prove to defy national boundaries. Vril regions are mappable and possessed of boundaries which are self-determined.
The architecture historically developed in each region is V ril archeform specific, and delivers organismic ease of transaction for the eidetic worlds speciftc to each region. Architurogeometric configurations determine eidetic integrity and eidetiorganismic regional transactions.
District Vril alignments reveal powerful permeative connectivities with ground geology and space-configurations. Stars and planets transact potentV ril streams ofeidetically rich content. Minerals and metals correspond withstars and planets because they become the means in which specific stars and planets may be eidetically experienced. Holding various metal staves aloft will entune each specific star and planet into a

powerful eidetic experience.

Vril Eidetic transactions are Vril discharge sites. Vril

The eidetic worlds are set and fixed among their numbers. eidetic transactions are released near Vril inflections. Eidetic

Though the detrital hills may dissolve yet these Vril World transactions signal the emergence of Vril permutations. Vril

mountains and peaks remain. Archeforms and aystallographic permutations reveal unexpected powers, qualities, and at-

pyramidals are the peaks of vast Vril topographies which are tributes in conscious space. manifest their attributes at the

viscera-eidetic and whose foundations are timelessly ancient. ground surface in speciftc points. These points contain insen-

This topography is quasi-material. This topography connects sate Vril threads which generate sensate eidetic manifestations.

with the stars.

Insensate Vril threads may emerge from the deep ground

The emplacement of componentry in Vril threadworks or from deep space. White raysheaths are Vril trails in the

releases exceptional eidetic trans. Mostmaterial configurations dissolving inertia. Vril megalithicstations required no attention

engage Vril experiential eidetics at the ground surface. Vril through the centuries. Archaic Vril technology was spedflcally

capacitors of rock and cut stone act as simple transactors. The activated and entuned by a group ofsensitives who possessed

most fundamental vril eidetic transactions are ideational, reve- the artifices of activation. Megalithic stations did not remain

latory, metaphysical, and symbological. These eidetic transac· dormant in the absence of their operators through time.

tion emerge from the deepest hierarchic eidetic worlds.

Vril generates and sustains the experiential universe. Vril

The content and experience of eidetic worlds transmutes dendrittcally distributes itself throughout the experiential uni·

in time. Minerals and metals exist in conscious states. Vril verse. The Vril dendritic network permeates all spaces. Vril is

transactions are meaningful to recipient minerals and metals. distributed in all dendritic directions. V ril projects through the

Space levels, tenninals, and componentry are composed of ground surface at ordained points. Vril vertical points are

Vril solids. Archeforms are hierarchic Vril structures. Vril numerous. Vril vertical points are distributed across the ground

requires conduits, materials, and proper alignments for its of each Vril region.

proper utilization. Metal plates through which Vril transacts

Vril regions are characterlzed by speciftc attributes and

become Vril engraved hieroglyphs of superlative mystery. archeforms. Archeforms stimulate and elevate the human

Human organismic interactions with such designs release organism into spedal consciousVril Eidetics. The human mind

revelational experience of highest degree.

and experience tlnds firmament within these Vril Eidetics. Vril

Material configurations (architecture) effect powerfully Eidetics are structured in hierarchic relationships. Vril Eidetics

speciftc viscera-eidetic transactions. Each region reveals spe- mutually inteipermeate and suffuse. Greater degrees ofvision

ciftc eidetic world surges. Each region is suffused in speciftc are found in more fundamental permeations. Deeper funda-

archeforms which determine eidetic transactions and mental Vril Eidetics grant greater experience. Vril archeforms

receptivities.

each frame specifically transactive thought structures. Vril

At the glowing center of the regional Vril archeforms archeforms are each the foundations of specific awareness.

(aystallographic pyramidals) is found a special black pool of Each Vril archeform relays transitions to the related adjacent

generative Vril: the exceptional presence desired by each living archeform structure.

sentient being.

The universe is structured through the metaphysical Vril

Vril inflections in deep space or deep ground channels presence. Consciousness permeates all materials to speciftc

generate transactive eidetic projections. Space is a Vrikien- given range and depth. The human consciousness is a partial

dritic mass. The ground surface is traversed with horizontal and interception of space-distributed Vril consciousness. Human

vertical V ril threads. Sentient experience is derived in and conscious stage may be entuned in greater V ril transactive

among these Vril-ganglial interconnections.

spaces. Spaces are Vril generated eidetic transactions. Black

V ril inflection sites release eidetic transactions. Such sites glowing spaces are V ril ultimate densifications.

become Vril thread connections through human aid. Vril

Vril Eidetics may be entuned through appropriate material

teChnology is participation with Vril itself. Human agency artifice. These artifices are most potent when effectively con-

cooperates and co-structures with Vril intent. Vril responds to nected into Vril active points. Vril active points may be in aerial

·1\uman need. Vril generates and sustains human conscious. space or dense ground. Vril Technologies are most effective

n:ess.

when interconnecting available Vril points. Vril Technology

Vril points release spedal permutative and generative has located deep V ril causeways. Vril Technology make use of

powers. V ril power is released to human benefit when properly available ground-surface Vril points and threadways.

detected and joined to appropriate artifice. Cooperation be-

Consciousness is drawn into deepest Vril filaments of

tween human agency and V ril generates civilization.

exceptional potency. Vril consciousness unifies all sentient

Vril activations are achieved through Vril Technology. participants into these loci. Experience of these potent Vril

Vril Technological artifices are driven into Vril active points. filamentary causeways is translatory. During such Vril coiTe-

Access to V ril points releases Vril to the needs of the surface. spondence local apparent realities vanish. Vril entunement is

Vril eidetic transactions are experiential spaces. The glowing achieved through material artifice.

black Vril eidetic node is the fundamental conscious state.

Conscious entunement effectively raises local and per-

There are endless V ril Eidetics in the black glowingV ril eidetic sonal awareness. Consciousness displays transactive levels in

transactions. Black glowing spaces are the ultimate resonant space. Consciousness displays transactive terminals in space.

Vril nodes.

. Consciousness, displays transactive componentry in space.

Regions of ground co-relate through deep Vril Eidetics. Technology elevates cultures beyond historically recorded

Regions transactive with one another as Vril maintains self- levels of attainment. Vril Technology supports new cultural

generative potentials. Civilization requires the Vril presence for stages of attainment. Civilization falls when Vrll Technology is

eidetic vision and cultural theme. Life processes rely upon Vrll neglected.

activity above ground. The surface of the earth has become

Vril is the working substance of consciousn~anding

highly inertial.ized. Vrll conductivities at the surface do not Technology. Submerged Vril must be raised from the depths.

reach potential intensities required for sustaining life and meta- Vrll threadways must be joined to the surface. Vril threadways

cognitive processes.

must be provided with terminals and communicative artifice in

Ancient technology partly answered this need. The mega- the service of civilization. Ancient Vrll systems and technolo-

lithic system was a Vrll inspired response to the demand for gies demonstrated their power and adequacy toward conscious

increasing the meta-cognitive potentials of emerging societies. elevations.

The desire for increased potentials of Vril vision and eidetic

Legend mentions the realities of the archaic Vrll T echnol-

content resulted in the massive construction projects respon- ogy. Mythologies recount the true history ofVrll Technology

sible for megaliths.

and involvements with it. Incursions of spiritual warfare, of

Megaliths were ideally suited for Vrll system survival strange creatures and beasts, of magickal Vrll artifice, and

across the centuries. Megaliths are massive, irrepressible, able mysterious meta-dimensional transportations resulted from the

to withstand conquests and climactic change, and require little improper use and unattended operation ofVrll Technology.

attention for their activation. Megaliths are incomplete in their

The European Cathedral System was the last great pan-

present form. Megaliths required spedal ancillary devices· for regional expression of Vrll Technology. Secrets of its true

theirentunementand operation. Wedonotsee these entunement organJzation, purpose, and operation remain the coveted secret

designs in their intended place.

ofa few individuals. Those who frequent the Cathedrals do not

Megaliths provided conscious communion with Vrll. suspect the true power contained and transduced through the

Megaliths provided empathic inter-communion among se- sites themselves. Communing with Vrll brings expanded

lected memben ofthesensitives. Megaliths employed specially consciousness and ability.

engraved metallic plates and gem-studded artifices as empathic

Natural configurations exhibit conscious eidetic conduc-

transceivers. These devices were guarded closely by the tivities. Minerals and metals such as striated gneiss, wood and

hierarchy who held the secrets.

striated stone behave as semi-intelligent presences. Devices,

These empathic modulators and eidetic imaging plates minerals and metals, and configurations which partake ofVrll

were artifices made through rare alchemical process to achieve eidetic transaction behave as quasi-organismic personae.

and maintain regional and inter-regional Vrll Eidetics. Equally

Cathedrals are designed upon Vril-active groundpoints.

precious designs were employed for the initiation ofVrll activity Cathedrals alter the Vrll activity of entire regions. Learning

among the terminals and stations of the archaic network. The occurs in cathedrals as holistic Vrll Eidetics of shaped space.

use of costly jewel-encrusted ground rods brought Vril the Vrll revelations are experienced as sequences of conscious

required surface potentials.

eidetics. Eidetics are space distributed. Eidetics generate

The megalithic systems maintains its spontaneous activa- archeforms.

tions ofsurface conditions. These activities have been severely

Vrll passageways open experience to higher Vrll Etdetics.

hampered through lack ofcontrol The Megalithicsystem often Vrll passageways diverge along multiple threadways. Vril

displays wild and erratic influence on surface conditions across threadways emerge from ground and traverse space. Vril

large regions ofground. Weather conditions and disruptions of threadways permit the extraordinary experience of sensation.

consciousness are often experienced near and around the Stars appear unnaturally brilliant when viewed along speciftc

rocks. The forgotten means for initiating and entuning the Vrll-active grounds.

syStem are lost.

Inertial space distort experience. Inertial space distort Vril

The Megalithic Vrll System is the lastsurviving remnant of forms and intent. Inertial space are dead and resistive to Vril
the archaic technology. Surface conditions of nations have permeations. Inertial space remove sensation and being. Our

been severely altered through inertial technology. Industrial world has been permeated with inertial space.

advancements have tom up the ground so much that Vril

Each substance has eidetic content. Configured together

surface communications have been drastically reduced. In they release strange and unexpected reactivities. Vril reactivities

some cases Vrll activity has been removed entirely.

must be subjectively experienced. Vrll generates electrical

Vrll communicates within its own channels. Vrll internal detritus as a last stage of manifestation. Vril is the immense

responses are observed in certain locales. These responses, power which is not utilized by humanity in this century. Vril is

surges, and local vivifications of surficial ground are furtive. the civilizing power. Vril aggravates inertial polarizations when

Rarely observed are the strong and overwhelming Vrll surges impacting and penetrating inertial space.

required to raise regional consciousness. The loss of intema-

.Archeforms express the innate Vrll forms which generate

tiona! harmony, cultural theme, personal guidance, and con- and sustain each speciftc region of ground. Grounds and

scious integrity are the chief results ofVrll surface withdrawal. regions differ in aspect and attribute. Vril Eidetics reveal

Vril generates and maintains expanded consciousness. conscious stages and levels which transect inertial space.

Vril accelerates cultural progress beyond expected range. Vril ..Human experi~nce and consciousness tunnels through Vril

Eidetics. Human consciousness cannot tunnel through inertial space. V ril transactive devices enable human consciousness to rise through successive stages of awareness.
The entire race of humanity has not successfully risen through all the V ril stages. These successions of transactive achievement do not rely upon race, creed, color, or any other inertial boundary which limits humanity. There are in each group andtribe ofhumanity excellentexamples ofthose whose initiation and progress in Vrll Eidetics stands as legend. Vrll is generative energy. V rll generates genetics and environments. Vril corrects material genetic defects and raises the minds of those who allow its passage.
SUBTERRANEAN HAILS Telegraphy was a grounded system. Both aerial and
subterranean cablerywas developed. Telegraphic aerials traus~d aerial Vrll matrices of junctures and nodes. Aerial telegraphic tenninals were V ril suffused through groundplate contacts. Telegraphic cables passed through Vril concentrations, junctures, and nodes to transact meaningful supply with terminal stations and main exchange offices. Telegraphic and
telephonic systems became quasi-organic entities through V ril
enhosting presence. Telegraphic lines became the available means through
which the Vrll worlds were constantly maintaining strong eidetic dialogue with inhabitants of each district. Telegraphy curiously resembles Romanesque and not Gothic until a much later period.
Vril enexgies are found deep in the earth where they arc across Vril chambers. There V ril sensitives and adept operatom of exceptional strength seek spedal audiences with subterranean Vrtl eidetic worlds. Excavation of the aystal ground componentry is devastating in unrecognized relational regions.
Nothing can harm the deepest Vril causeways. Excavations of metal ores, mineral deposits, and aystal caverns has wrought immeasurable damage to districts in unknown conscious foundations. Telegraphy displays numerous Gothic features in its designs. Stained glass windows (Delaney). The apse with tunable coil-transactor (Buckingham). The choir loft (Field). Notre Dame in profile (Nicholson).
~ The thought of the earth-machine stirs our hearts and minds to lofty heights. Through this comprehensive archetype
we, glimpse the function and purpose of each mineral deposit
in far deeper terms than as ordinary resources. Through this sweeping view we undemtand that the world is a functioning transducer...of powem we have yet to comprehend or appreciate. Most likely these functions literally involve our own consciousness and being in ways we have never begun to imagine.
Comprehending the specific placements (of mineral deposits, crystal caverns, and metal lodes) demands deeperstudy. The enunciation ofquestions is demanded by the presence and activity of these immense powem. Their formation and placement was a crystallized correspondence to a pre-existent pattern. How were these minerals and metals crystallized directly from space? Serious re-examination of geological principles is necessitated. Comprehending that observed sub-

terranean heat is not developed as a result of radioactive minerals and metals seems indicated.
Do transmutations ofminerals and metals occur in subterranean depths with quiet and routine earth dynamics? Are the metals of earth undergoing a constant regeneration and transmutation? Those who exercise their discernment agree that these effects are occurring constantly in the subterranean chambem beneath..
We also need to realize that the persistent (inertially
measured) "evolution ofheat" from the earth is indication ofan anomalous presence. Potentials for developinganewalchymycal science is inevitable among us. In meta-terrestrial dimensions we are often found dreaming: thrust there through the Vril
power which guides our thoughts. The potential for compre-
hending the Vril communications system is here. Vril threads become especially sensate and active in stone
wall cavities, crevices, faultlines, and ground scars. Enezgies acoustic, magnetic, and electric do not thoroughly penetrate the body. Vril threads thoroughly penetrate the body. Uttered organismic sounds evoke sudden Vril symmetrizations which linger in the environment Vril surges also evoke the human organism to emit "power vowels": those most primitive and elemental vowel utterances.
Ground cracks in rock and stone are capable oftransacting powerful eidetic messages when approached at speciftc distances. Plural participants suddenly conversationally polarlze when near such features. It is not difBcult to imagine why ancient sensitive often sought such places out for receptivity: gaps emanate such Vril transactions.
The need for excessive articulations of code is eradicated through V ril modulations. Vril designs its own hieroglyphs. Eidetic contents are directly transmitted to recipients through
V ril articulated designs. V ril culture consists in absorbing and
communing with pure Vril eidetic contents. Vril generates rocky matter and the immense pressures
which spilt rock. V ril contains the motive strength of the univeme. V rilgenerates pure heat and cold. DeepV ril channels are vibranl V ril deep channels demonstrate sudden movements which may be felt throughout the organism.
V ril threads arc and discharge through buried telegraphic and telephonic line conduits, across and through tunnels, and humanly arranged roads. While haphazard construction often deranges and disrupts natural V ril threadways, human artifice and misled intentions can never harm inaccessibly deep Vril Causeways.
Striations and capillary laminations effect powerful Vril eidetic trans. Careful examination of buried telegraphic and telephonic conduits (as well as aerial telegraphic and telephonic arrays) reveals the intuitive denclrito-organismic configurations which merged well with natural Vril threadways.
Railroad tracks appear to "swim" before the eyes whenever Vril transactions surge in them. One may watch iron rails shudder with the sudden and spontaneous procession of railtraversing "brightenings". These Vril transactions drag the eye along in visceral correspondence. Such surges pass up and down the rails in rapid successions and may pass back and forth ·in irregular numerical sequences. They usually precede the

appearance of an approaching train.

The elevation ofregional consdousness is a primarygoal ofVril

Eidetic transactions occur train rails and telegraphic lines Technology.

alike. Each terminal of multi-locational potential. Vril eidetic

Vril eidetic topographies are perceived byVril visionaries,

transaction are effortlessly conveyed along the iron paths of and are entuned through devices made by visionaries. Sharing

each system and are especially transacted at terminal stations. and discussing eidetic experiences make these worlds con-

Terminal stations (train, telegraphic, telephonic, and radio) are cretely cultural. Spedal regard must be given when eidetic

exceptional transactive sites for bilocational experience.

open-eyed experiences intensify the appearance of objects.

!tis not uncommon to sense distant dties at these verysites,

Eidetic experiences often reveal a speciflc neighborhood

receiving eidetic experiences while walking about a major place orjuncture. Such places are Vril notable points and must

railroad station. It is not uncommon to receive bilocational be visited for further research. When there, one must perlorm

experiences while walking about a telephone exchange termi- experiments designed to allow open-eyed eidetic transactions.

nal or radio tower.

Portions of the eidetic environment which overwhelm must be

Vril threadways in the ground aeate black vividness. noted. These represent items which are distinct in the Vril

Overlying objects and organisms become strongly enlivened eidetic world.

and visually sharpened. Vril engaged objects become quasi-

Future Vril technology must be sensitively surrendered to

organismic and semi-intelligent. Dream-deep visions and such the ordained pre-existent Vril causeways, channels, and junc-

eidetic experiences emerge spontaneously from the Vel}' deep- tures. Imposed and impropertrans-connections mustbe avoided

estground strata where Vril Causeways are vibrant and potent. should powerful pure Vril engagement be our desired quest.

DeepestVril Causeways are dangerous and mustneverbe

Amerindians perceived the growing threat to natural

touched by frail humanity. These have been ordained and vitality which certain telegraphic lines inertially projected.•.and

placed out of reach. Insensate Vril Causeways flood and criss- tore them down. The Amerindian use of totems and totem

cross the upper spaces. Corresponding transactions occur systems strangely miirors the inertial system called telegraphy.

among Vril Templates. Vril projects ground...but ground also

Blocks of granular substances gradually become Vril

inflects V ril.

conductive. Buried matter is Vril suffused. Houses and other

Material configurations do re-determine Vril transactivity enclosures become permanently polarized to conduct Vril

in a region because of the tenninus opened to our world by through time. Speciftc material configurations and enclosures

deliberate ordination. The human ability is the re-configura- grantspeciftc Vril eidetic transactions. Vril operators and their

tional ability. We can and do alter natural configurations. Our apparatus permanently alter Vril distributions in enclosures.

previous blind efforts have their true source as Vril intuitions

Vril devices fluoresce in eidetic images and experiences.

with the ultimate goal of realizig a grand unified Vril technol- Certain material configurations require resonant distances for

ogy.

eidetic transactions. Such transactions occur in absence of

Vril is our being. Vril is ground concentrated and ground physical contact and are prized. Vril correspondence between

projected. Experience is Vril referenced. Gothic Cathedrals ground threads and aerial threads are implied. It is difficult to

evidence awareness of Vril transactivities. Gothic Arches are track the flow ofVril threads during eidetic experiences. Eidetic

supplied with external projections to permit transactions with experiences are overwhelming and highly prized: they are the

insensate Vril threadways.

humanly valuable elements.

Black wavery lines signal the presence of insensate Vril

Mere observation of Vril thread activities and dynamics

transactions. Such wavery lines are inertial dissolutions and does not sufBce our Sdence. Vril thread dynamics and Vril-

create disturbing effects. This is apparent near faultlines and motive articulations express mysterious significations and un-

earth scars. They are often confused with heat waves and are known patterns. While absorbed in a speciflc eidetic experi-

found throughout the natural environment in a great many ence others may observe entirely misunderstood Vril thread

material configurations (Blondlot, Reich). Though often pro- motions in that volume of experiential space. Vril synergisms

ducingviscero-sensate heat, objects and faultlines transact such which bear no comprehendible relationship to an eidetic

· m,anifestations and are cold to the touch.

experience may be observed while others are engaging eidetic

Various suspended minerals and metals align themselves experience.

amid the Vril active matrix. Differentminerals and metals reach

Vril eidetic experiences and perceptions of celestial space

different rest-alignments. Sounds also achieve self-directional- occurs upon speciftc tracts of land. Eidetic transaction from

ity in the Vril matrix. Specific tones are observed to assume stellar configurations to speciflc ground points is historical.

specific paths and patterns in viscera-experiential space. Such Eidetic experiences with opened eyes explains the true quest

self-articulation and self-directionality is the Vril transactive and achievements of ancient astronomers whose eidetic com-

attribute, observed in all Vril communications systems.

munion with stars and planets surpasses the mere surftdal

The environment may be toned by the use of appropriate inertial examination of those objects. These sites also explain

Vrillic transactors. Excessive inertial concentration brings de- the true quest for surpassing communication systems toward

pression and inappropriate behavior patterns. Regional Vril which early wireless discoverer were reaching.

ground modulations heals away inertial rigidiftcations in a

Exceedingly deep Vril channels are humanly reached in

region. This occurs natural during eidetic world surges. Vril natural settings {caverns, grottoes, canyons, ravines, natural

technology does effect regional changes on behavior patterns. . wells). The crn>ts which lie beneath Cathedrals (Romanesque

and Gothic) pennitted deep V ril channel access to specifically adept individua1s. V ril is transmaterial. V ril is transactional V ril transports experience beyond the apparent surroundings: translating its redpients into vastly deep and variegated eidetic impedes topographies.
Regional permeating Vril impulses alter states of matter, organismic and consdous states simultaneously. Impressions which begin as pre-imaginations and semi-sensate intuitions begin to emerge as eidetic transactions. These very deepest of Vril ~actions are highly rhythmic and complex in their messaging!. Like the rhythms inherent in speech, these expressions of mysterious significations are not audibly heard but become states of being.
Great inertial accumulations are consistently found at spedftc locales. We find these detrital accumulations near spedftc regions devoid of ore, mineral, and aystalline rock substructures. Alchymycal runes were derived from eidetic experiences ofthe deepest sort. Vril is the civilizing power. Vrll projects, generates, and sustains matter and is the immense power which splits matter apart
Alchymycal runes were derived eidetically through Vril extreme transactions. These are found deep in the earth. When engraved, structured, or embodied in sculpted material form such runes become the means through which extraordinary holistic knowledge is communicated to us. Such symbols and runes are conduits which directly stimulate transactions in the human Vril sensory system.
Sodally significant dynamics message to us through such forms when Vril activated. Such receptions make and elevate civilization. A1J we progress toward eideti-holistic gifts we discover that sdentiftc method becomes inaeastng less effective as a valuable commodity by which to plumb the true

foundations of consdous experience. Vril is meaning. Spatially distributed Vril threadways and their nodes and
junctures may be mappedWe may track ground swface vril lines with ease when sensitive to visceral sensations and wges. Sensitives may use spedal iron rods to help focus and sense the abdominal reflexes which guide discovery of district Vril alignments.
The massive pyramidal aystalloforms which appear to emanate from ground, ridge, hill, and mountain points, converge upon mysterious aerial foci. Such foci as emanate a mysterious warm and luminous radiance are sometimes observed on cloudy days.
Human attentions are often drawn into these aerial Vril nodes.
Vril threads arc aaoss natural gaps and canyons, grottoes, aypts, and vaults. Sensitives intuitively desire enay into such highly eidetic transactive volumes of space. Virtual aystallo-
graphic manifestations endrawn Vrll sensitives. There minds experience the very deepest among the
eidetic transactions. Vril causeways can never be disrupted
Vril generated ground-aystallography has been disrupted The removal of ores and aystal caverns through blasting has
brought ruin to yet unrecognized portions of the regional ground hegemony. Artifldal vascular conduits and matter-
articulated ganglia formed the telegraphic cable arts. Mapped
Vril threadways maintain their position throughout history.
Dreams and imaginations are distortions ofrealVril eidetic
experience. Vrll threadways form dreamlines. The fixed alignments and positional rigor which Vril eidetic world display demands reinvestigation of heliocentric models and all inertial cosmogenies.

SECTION 2-
VRIL .RECEIVERS
(

.....

(640) Mr. Alexander Bain (in whose behalf Mr. FinJaison's pamphlet ~~~.-..~was written,) has considembly distinguished himself by liis ingenious

applications of Electricity to pl'3Ctical purposes. Some of the facts ~~.which he bas described relative to the e:uth as a conductor and perma:::p!IIC:l.....-.~a 9 nen-t genemtor of voltaic Electricity arc new, and not unlikely to be or

importance in a pmctical point of view. Whilst prosecuting some

experiments with an electro-magnetic so_UDding appamtus, in tbe year

1841, it was found that i£ the conducting wires were not perlectly in-

.,...,~."-ii':...~l!o-4 sulated froo;1 the water in which they were immersed1 the attmctive power

-.'."."..-.....~ . ~-~ - ;

of 'V

the electro-magnet did not entirely cease when the circuit was ith a view or ascertaining the true =use of tho phenomenon, 1I

broken • r. Dain,

in conjunction with Lieutenant Wright, mooe a series or experiments on

the Serpentine river fn Hyde Park, and after verifying their f'ormer ob-

servations relative to the remnant of power in the clcctro-mngnet when~-.~.....~-~--~--;.,.

contact with the battery was broken, the electro-magnet being on one •
side of the river, and the battery on the other, the wires passing tl&roU!JA il

the river; and after making other experiments, in which the water and _,.:......-:~tl!. the moist earth f~nned part of the circuit, and wire the remainder, it ""'"""'~.:Wiill!'li'':Jil'":".f'

occurred to Mr. Dain, that it a positive metal were Attached to one end ·---...Jill .... ~~Ilia of' tho conducting wire, and a ne~tivc metal to tho otiler, ~nd ir the

----··-·two metals were then placed in water, or buried in the moist earth .:.--...--.;t.~~~~""•.::

while the connecting wire was properly insulated, a current might be

..:-.,Ml~W:o~-.

generated. This was f'ound to be the case, for when a large surface --.--..~._, ra..:--~:;:;"'1 ~;t....~~~--...::~.o~

coppu was placed within Kensington Gardens at the one end of the

river, and within Hyde Park at the other end, a similar surface __ ... ~-~··...

and the metals connected by a ~;rc, in the circuit of which

was a galvanometer, a current of' considerable intensity was found

to be p:LSSing. The experiment was next tried on a more extend- ~~~)~~IC!~~

ed plan; a sur(ace of zinc wns buried in the moist earth of Hyde

~ . ~':DIC::~B;a

Park, and at rnther more than a mile dutatzl, a surf.'lce of copper was

buried, and tho met.'\1:5 were connected by a wire suspended on tho milings; whgu the pl:~otcs were large, 1\Ir. Dnin not only obta.incd tue~-~-~~~"f..-.··-

.usual electro-magnetic efFects in a.n enltanccd degree, but also succeeded

in tho performance or electrotype operations; for in the course of a fe\V ----~~~!!~§~~:~;~
minutes he coated a l1alf-crowu with copper. Subsequent experiments l1ave shown him that it the metals are thus buried, and cOilnectiJlJ:ri~~~~~

wires are employed, electrotype depositions nt:~oy be effected, and electro-. ~~~~~~'..;i..l

maguetic apparatus worJ,ed for a grcnt length of time.

~-.;;;:::;;;::::::.;~~

(641) llr. Dain has p:~.tented scver:ll applica-tions or Electricity to

useful purposes, amongst others :~on electro-magnetic println9 telegraph,

which, in July 1841, \V:lS exhibited and lectured on at the Polytechnic

Institution, and an electro-magnetic clock, which was exhibited and

on in liarch ol the same year : both of these instruments

, ·.··· -.·

...~·.

.

~4

1~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~ evince a very superior dcgrco of ingenuity on tho ·part of tho inventor.

The printing telegraph (for a full description and engraving of which we

--..~-·-.must refer to Mr. Finlaison•s pamphlet) consists of three principal

pa.rts. First, the rotatory motion given to the type wheel, step :ntor

step like the seconds hand of a clock until the required letter arrives

opposite the papur. This motion, :&Ir. Bain bas since superseded by a ...,.,..~t'l1~··~r~ft':l•rw-L-.~·~

continuous unifonn motion regulated by centrifugal force. S~condly,

~~.l:""!ijiit"~~--·~
the means

of inking

the

types,

or

otherwise

makmg

permanent

tho Jt~-WI~~~~~~~~

imprint of the type upon the paper. Thirdly, the motion communi-·

"71~~' 'lllillt cated to the paper so as to bring a fresh surface under the types and

receive the printed intelligence in a continuous spiral line, until the

paper~ filled; thus producing in print, precisely as in tho pages of a book, tho letters composing t.ho message. A peculiar feature in l:Ir. 1~~~~~~~~~~

Dain's tclegmph, and ouc in which it differs from all others, is tho sub-

stitution of u;irs coila freely suspended on centres for electro-magnets;

these coils, within and in the vicinity of which, are fixed powerful permanent magnets are deflected as long as the electrical current is '\;l~!!!l":~~

~~~t passing through them, but when the electric current is broken they are drawn upw~ by the force of spiral springs·;· levers are. rele:1Sed, and

tho mnchinery of the telegraph ,,·orked by mainsprings, are left free to_,.__,_...._

rotate. Tho only oot.tery proposed to bo employed by Mr. Dain is a ~:l.ti~~

pair of copper nnd zinc plates, one of which is to be buried in the

earth at one station, :md the other at the distant station, where thero is

to be a telegraph the exnct counterpart of the first, nnd with this ho ·

expects to obtain nn electric current of the required energy.• A continuous Bow of Electricity through the wire coils, when tho telegraph B~'t'=Ji.~~~~MI

is not at work keeps them constantly deflected; but when ::1. 111cssage is - .....~ ..r.......o...
8..'41!!11~-~~~

* We rear that Mr. Bain will be diSAppointed in this, should he erect a. pair

his telegraphs at great distancE-s apart. l-Ir. Fiulaison, indeed says, (see page 34 ~!!t~~~~~r.:

of his pamphlet,) "if a. copper wire one-sixth of an inch in thickness, be imbedded

~.:.l!lt:::. .?_it.~~Ji:~~

in a. bar of boiling a.apbaitum, and sent along the milway(for ita better protection) L-"::"'oi-~...........:.•·-'·

from London to Liverpool-if two toni weight of zinc plates be. immersed in the

l"Icrsey at Liverpool and attached to Uta.t cud of the wire -cuul if a. ton

weight or copper be sunk in the river Thames and attached to this end or the wire, no rational man can doubt that an electric current would be established orE~~;r.: ••rJIIII...,l!'IIK ten times the power necessary to work a tclcbrraph!' ..Every clectricihn, however, ~~~~~~"1
knows tha.t the resistance wWch the Electricity \vould meet with in tru.versing

such a length or wire would be very grea.t, and tha.t such resistance could not be

overcome by iucrca.aing the 1ize ot the battery plates, but only by adding to their nm~&ber; should, therefore, ~be experiment be tried, is it cxccccliugJy probablo that

however ca.refully the uniting wire were insula.ted, no tra.co or Electricity would be

detected. . .1.\Ir. Finlaison, does not, however, lay cmy claim to the title of au

f'lectrician; had he been one he would not proba.bly have written the following: "'.May not the mere contact or the resp~ctive pla.tcs witb moisture excite an electrical ~ctivity of the metallic particles without any o:dua.tion taking place !-and

IS SUFFICIENT TO TRIGGER WHITE RAY-BLACK RAY '

REACTIONS WHEREIN VRIL THREADS ARE GENERATED

f4~, AND RELEASED. ~~~~~~~-~~~:~~-~~

to be transmitted, the opemtor by dmwing out a metal pin from a hole in the dial of his machin~ interrupts the circuit and tlie machinery is

put in motion and continues so, until by inserting the pin in the hole

under the :sigrur.l which he wishes to communic:1te, the operator closes

the circuit and both ma.chines stop instantly.

(64-2) Mr. Bain bas also invented A pendulum which is moved by a
..... __ =-)111._:-J-~~a metallic sur£-u:e in the· moist earth, of no more than four or fivo feet :

---...··~~(!ill~~!

he intends to apply it to telegraphic purposes, and expects by agency, to be able to discard wheels of any and every description,

its as

well as electro-magnets. ::Another of hiS inventions ia au instrument

~~~Wl~~~~ which he calls A voltaic govemor, from its power of contro.lling tl1e

electric force as tbe governor of an engine controls tho force of the

steam. Hitherto, the only method of adjusting the action of the con-

stant voltaic battery to tho work to be done, has been by taking ~~·~~~Cit~i advantage of the modifications of a. chemical character, of which the ft~.,~~~·~\~~ Tarious elements are susceptible ; by means of lir. Bain"s instrument

another power is brought to bear, viz. a mecluJnical, and the two forces

are made to counterbalance ea.ch other and produce an equilibrium or

given constant action. As our space does not admit of our giving de-

......-..,~ scriptions of these t:wo ingenious instrumen~ we refer our readers to the

_,.,:;;...,.~ second number oCtbe Electrical !Iagazine, and proceed to give a short ac- ,..,~....,..

countofanotlter ofllr. Bain's inventions, viz. his electro-magnetic clock.

(643) B, Fig. 234, is a back view of :Lil ordin:uy clock, with a ·-~-- .....

pendulum vibrating seconds : C, a plate

of ivory affixed to tho frame of the

clock, in the middle of wbich is inserted

a slip• or brass in connection with the

positive pole· of the b~ttery. To the

pendulum is attached :r. very light brass

spring F, in such a manner, that e..-ery

vibration of tho pendulum brings the

Cree end or tlac spring into contact with

tbe strip of bmss, thus co.mpleting the

electric circuit, which is broken as soon •~•~~~;:s:~

0

as the spring touches the ivory. A series of electric clock6 may be connected, by means of the wires, with this clock, ud iC a voltaic b3ttory bo included in

the circuit tl1ey 'vill :ill go together. -~ ---

may not ozidation itself' be the efFect, not the cause or such electrical action, 10 originating in the mere coutnct o( the mctala with moisture, the action beiug -~~--~~Iiiii.:
greatly increased in energy when the liquid is acidu..lated 7 The writer has eeen
the current produced through the earth so i.Dstanb.Deously that there was not " loollll.,..~r..: fM7Mn,l tiTMfor o.zidation." (See page~ ot his p:1mphlet.)

..· :..;··.

Fig. 235, is a

vie;-of one

of the electric clocks. a, is an

electro- magnet,· and IJ its feedc:r

suspended by a spring, pendulum
tiushion ; .c, is a small screw to l't'gu-

Jato tho dUit.1.nco of tlio f"'Cdcr frow

tbo electro-magnet. .At tbo lower

end of the feeder is jointed a light

click lever d, falling into the teeth
of a ratchet wheel 1 ; f is a spring

to keep the ratchet wheel steady.

1Vhen the pendulum .of the clock B,

Fig. 234-, sends an electric current

through the conducting wire, the feeder is ··attr:LCted by the m:J.gnet,

and the click lever d, t.1.kes over one tootb of the ra.tchet wheel ;

~~,~~~~151 upon the current being arrested (by the spring ·F of the pendulum,
leaving the slip of brass in the primary clock,) the feeder falls

back into its former position, and causes the click lever to dra.w

the ratchet wheel one tooth forward. The arbor of the ra.tchet

wheel carries the 8et:onda' ka,;,a which is thus taken forward one degree

~..-~'·t.·~• every second, corresponding to the vibration of the clock B. A pinion

L..:~·v.'1......_, on the ratchet-arbor gives motion to other simple wheel-work which

carries the minute :md hour hands. 'Vhen a large number of clocks

are to bo worked tho ratchet wheel is placed on tho arbor of tho mim1lo ~-~llf.::Si: ----~-=-~-- nand and is moved every minute in3tcacl or every second. A.q ivory

circle with slips or studs of metal, inserted flush witb its face, corres-

ponding to the number of clocks or group of.olocks intended to bo

worked, is fixed on the face· of tho regulating or primary clock ; in tho

centre of this circle is placed the arbor of the seconds band of t.be

clock, upon which is fixed [a slight met."\1 spring with its freo end in

contact with tho ivory circle. The conducting wiro from tho positivo

pole of tho battery is in connexion with tho framcwor~ of tho clock ;

every time, therefore, that the seconds hand passes over a metal stud in

the ivory circle an electric circuit is completed and a current. tra.nsmitted

to the clock or group of clocks in connexion with that- particular stud. ;,.~.-:~...;,.~;..__

As the seconds hand pa.C!Ses over every portion of tho circlo once in ;ach minute, tho wbolo number of clocks thus connected with t.bo 111!.-~

regulating clock will be moved forward one degree e\·ery minute. Dy

this means a large proportion of electric power is saved, for the battery

has only a single clock or a small group of clocks to work at tho samo

instant of time• .. , .,;·~:gr;~~,.Q

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~EACTIONS

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IN TELEGRAPHIC RELAYS ••• AN AERIAL REACTOR WHEREIN VRIL THREADS
.·1 is the. cable station, II the translating ~tation, and C the.

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.

rccet\r IIIK station. At the translating station there arc, 1.{. the-. elec-

tromagnets of the relay, F the arm;ll ure of the relay, T the tongue of the relay, 7.u and Cn the zin~nd CUJJper poles of the relay, c: a

cundcnst·r, s a resistance belonging to the cable circuit through one

relay winding, a arullm condensers belonging to the local relay cir-

cuit, ·r, 11 and /'· re!'istances belonging to the local relay circuit, t a

condt·nscr, u a resi!'tancc in ·connection with the tongue, R the re-

ceiving. ;apparatus in the leak circuit, and d the resistance in the leak

circuit. It will he seen that the armature anc.l tongue will move

.;AI.CKANGEMENT OF RELAY.

...
--~

toward the C" or Zu pole 'when a positive qr negative current passes

from A through the cable, anti further that a curr. in the local
circuit ;dways tends tu drive the tongue away from tlie contacts be-

tween which it is mewing. Thc1 m1tuml attraction between one or another nf the pole-pieces and :the relay-armature, may, when the

relay is !'ymmetrically adjusted, be easily and completely neutral-

ized by giving p a proper si1.c, i. c., the relay can theretiy be made as

scnsiti\'c as rc:'luin·d wlu:n acted upo.n by any current from the cable

through the utht•r winding. lly further decreasing p, the tongue

b<'gins to \'ihrate, and I he relay is preferably used in this condjtion...

The rate of \'ihrat in11s or dots may be regulated at will by variation

of condensers and resistances in the local circuit, and the working

rate gcnl·mlly is made equal, or almost equal, to the rate of dnts

cmitled by the tnt.nsmittcr at A. Sparking, due to induction from the

line between II and C.:, is :t\'Oided by the condenser t, connected with

the: tonJ(nc; !Jut this n.·ry condenser may sometimes cause sparking

ami '-'on~idl·rahle cuntacl-slickings; this· drawback can, however, be

compll·tely onn:ome lty the introduction of a small resistance, u.

Tu make good coulacts, the condenser (J is import:mt; for this pur·

pose it is also tll'l'L'!'Sary that the poles of the electromagnets should

ht• \Try JJittl'h rlnsc·r to tht• :u·mature than usual; ami that the rc·

sist;mn•, /'. sh .. uld )It' inl t'llcllln·d. The t:tH'I'<'IIl chargiiiJt l'ondt·nst·r, "·.will tht·n itnuu·cliatl'ly l'attsc tlw tongue to ht• prc~Sl'd against tilt•

t'outat·t srrl'w with whirh it has just mad<· c-ontact, ancl from which

it is slt .. rlly aflt·rwarcls l'l'Jlltlscd.-Lond. /:'/c·,·. Rc'<'., Angust 22.
-~

-~

ANDREW CROSSE WAS AN EXTRAORDINARY DISCOVERER AND EXPERIMENTER.

WHILE PRICIPALLY KNOWN FOR HIS SPONTANEOUS GENERATION DISCOVERIES ~~~

MR.CROSSE ALSO MANAGED TO DISCOVER CERTAIN PIVOTAL FEATURES

IN MINIATIJRE •...

WHICH HAVE TREMENDOUS IMPLICATIONS AS CONCERNS EARTII CURRENTS

AND VRIL PASSAGES.

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(353) Not "among the lt>ast interesting of .lUr. Crosse's e.xperiments,

are those in which ho has imitated in a most extraordinary manner,

"constant .. and " intermittent'' springs with tho acid of the voltaic

..;; ;;·

battery. The experiments were made in the following manner:-

10. A. common garden-pot full of moistened pipe-clay was placed in

a basin full of water : a platinum wire connected with the negative

extremity of a sulphate of copper battery, of twelve pairs of plates, each

two inches long, by one inch wide, was placed three inches deep into

the middlo or the clay ; and a second platinum wire connected with the

positive pole, was plunged into the water in the basin, to the san1o

depth. Within a fortnight fissure• took place in the clay in contact
with the negative wire; and in sa or eight weeks, these fissures filled

with water, which was dra,,vn up two inches ubove the level or tho

water in the basin. A. small pool of water was formed round the nega-

tive wire, which at last overflowed and trickled constantly into the

basin below. Here, then, wns a co'llstaut electrical spri119.

2°. Hero the experiment was varied; but the apparatus was pre-

cisely similar. In this, both wire~ were plunged three inches deep into

tbc same pot of moist pipe-clay, at the opposite sides, but about three- '

qu:uiers of an inch from each side. Within a fortnight, fissures took ~~._. place at the negative, but none at the positive wire. In a month or six

weeks more, these fissures filled with water which overfiowcd, and after

a ~y or two ebbed, .and then again overflowed, and $0 on, being appa-

rently acted on by change of weather. Mr. Crosse gcncr:illy found tho

spring overflowing when the barometer ,,,.as 'tCT!f loto ; and the reverse,

when it was hi!Jh. llere then was an electrical intcnniucnt aprin9.

(354) In subsequent experiments, 1\Ir. Crosse found it better to em-

ploy porous earthen-pots, open at tho top and bottom, filled within an

inch or tho top with pipe-clay kneaded with water to the consistence of

putty, and plunged into a basin; three platinum wires issning from one

stout wire connected with the ·negative extremity of the battery, being

~~~~--· plunged three inches deep into the clay; and a group of six platinum

wires issuing from one connected with the positive pole, being immersed

to the samo depth in the water. With this arrangement, if tho battery

is acth·e, the water will rise in one night half an inch above the surfaco

of the clay in the pot, tho lip of which, together with the whole rim, to

the dcptb or an inch, is glazed. under the lip is placed :1. small shoot

of sheet copper, to convey the water, as it falls drop by drop from the

lip, to a graduated glass vessel. In one experiment, 1\'fr. Crosse mixed

dilute sul}lhuric acid with the pipe-clay, instead of distilled water.

• :W!IIfQ "'!~,-.

='A~A~.;. ~-~~:.

THE INTERACTION OF WATER, SUBTERRANEAN FISSURES, VRIL.AND VRIL DETRITUS IS OBVIOUS

FEW REALIZE THAT VRIL BOTH GENERATES AND SUSTAINS ALL THE EXPERIENCED MANIFESTATIONS
FROM FOUNDATION OF ABSOLUTE SOURCE

3 Sheets-Sheet 1.
G. ED.A.RD. Magnetic Battery for Curative Purposes.

No. ~~-~;9,&9~·

Patent~,pec. II, 1877.

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G. EDARD.

Magnetio Ba.ttery for Curative Purposes.

No~ 198,008. .

Patented De-c. 11, 1877.

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G.. EDARD.

3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

Magnetic Battery for Curative Purposes.

No. 198,008..

Patented Dec. 11, 1877.

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GUIL~UME EDARD, OF PARIS; FRANCE.

IMPROVEMENT IN MAGNETIC BATTERIES FOR CURATIVE PURPOSES.

. .

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.

,/. ---~

- ~- Specification forming p:irt of Letters Pa~nt No. 198,008~ dated December 11, ·1877; application filed

~~~,~-.

Jun~ ~! ~~·-.- ---

=-..: \~-.
~:To all1t:hont it may CO?~c~: . . \: ., · which the whole is subjected. The magnetfc-
_.;__B~ it Jmown·th~tl, GuiLLA"IDlE EDARD, of ore dust is a constant .res~oir of magnetic j)W,;s, France, haYe itn-ented Improvements in tluid, whose action is continually renewed and

·:Magnetic .Apparatus for :1\Ie<lical Purposes; distributed with undiminished strength. · .~nd I do hereby declare that the following is a By holding the apparatus at its opposite 'full, clear, ·a~d ~xact description of the same, poles by the hands, or holding it at one.pole,

·rderfaewreinncges,bmemakginhgaat!

to the annexed sheets part of the sam_e.

of

and rubbing the body with the other, the mus· cles ~ill be ma-gnetized with sufficientatrength

. This inYention relatE's to improvements in to produce a continualattraction and repulsion

magnetic apparatus, and in the employment of the tluid-ctuTents. of the same tbr producing anc.l applying mag- . Figs. 4 and 5 show different arrangements

netism as a substitute for Pul\rermacher's of the magnetic element.s inclosed in the thick-

:·chain-bantls,Brandusbrushes,andother analo-. ness or thicknesses of cork or bard india-rub-

gous appliances.

·.

.

. ber. The difterent poles are indicated in these

. The itwenticJn consists in llroviding an ap- figures. paratus witll a dry pile,. which consists of a Fig. 6 shows a magnetic belt to be used for magn~t or magnetized wire of suitable form the preYention of sea-sickness. In this figure,

aull dimensions, embedded in pmnlerell mag- a' is a silk or linen fabric of two or three

netic irou ore iu the form of dust or saud, all tllicknesses, with or without a lining.

·as hereinafter more fully described.

The belt, as shown, is made in the form of a

The inYention is applicable to magnetic fric- trapezium. b1 arc longitudinal tubes formed

tion- brushes, belts, corsets, abdominal sup- in the belt, which are tilled with magnetic-ore

. ~rt~, garters, hose, bonnets, and other bodily dust, serving to unite all the poles of similar

appliances.

name into one at each end of the belt, the one

I will describe first a brush or rubber hav- north and the other south. ·
.!ng_ the dry pile abO\-e mentioned, and w:hich The spaces ill the tubes b1 arc .filled with

"lSl'Cpresented in Figures 1, 2, and 3 of the ac- magnetic-ore dust, thus formirig conductors of companying dr~n,ings in plan and trans,·erse the permanent CtuTent developed by the· Coland longitudinal section, it being understood lowing elements: c' are tran.svers~ cells or· that the form of the brush may be Yaried. tubular spaces, which may, if desired, be ren-

a a are one or more thicknesses of cork in- dered impervious, to prevent the escape of the

_,closing the elements of the dry pile, tiz., the ore-dust. d1 are magnetized and polarized

Dl:lgnetized steel spirals or magnets b, and the steel spirals, ~mberllled in the magnetic ore-

__rua{,'lletic-iron-ore dust c. The magnets band dust e1, with which the cells c1 are filled. / 1

.ore care inclosed in metal tubes d of copper, are two strips of iron-wire gauze applied on

or~~tuh~alcnt material. e are stoppers or plugs the ends of each spiral, d1, and embedded i~.

c osltlg the ends of tubes cl, to prevent the the ore contained in tubes b1; g1, steel buckles
c'iCape of the magnetic sand. .An, north pole; witllOut t.ongues, attached to the north and

D, south pole.

.

·south poles, respe9tiY.ely. '':men the belt is

.'fh~ brush is pierced with a number of .lon- ~tsed, the buckles. ~t~-~connected so 3:s not to gttudnmlchannels,in wlticharelodged the cop- mterrupt the cu:ten~~'...~ny other smtable at-.

l.~r tubes d, as shown in Fig. 2. Each of the c:Lannel_s contains fixe, more or less, spirals of

tachment may, Fig. 7 shows,

hion"\rloiyt~rl_n,i.jb~erseemspeclotiyoend,.

a

mag-

.~~·gne~tzed steel, which form, by their union, netic boot-sole, in which a2 is the sole of cork;

tl SUtg_]~ !fiagnet,polarized in·such manner that b2, ore-dust or sand; &, fabric forming a cov-

/c/rtchon-brush has four magnets, forming ering for same; dl, outsolc of cork; e", fabric .JJ~ tt poles~ four positive and four negativ.e. which is shown as enveloping the greater part

tutc mag11etic-irou-ore dust, with which the of the sole; but it may be applied around the llbcs containing the magnets arc filled, excites edges only. /!is the magnetic wire placed in r~e latter by its ~1agnct~c attraction and by the ore-dust uz.
a!ion of the specmlmagnetic preparation to Fig. 8 shows ~magnetic belt for preYenting

~

~

·~================~~

sea-sickness, formed of a number of separate in which case it would be formed of a series

tubes, filled with magnetic-ore sand.

of parallel tubes containing the magnetic ele-

a3 b3 CJ d!l e' f 3 are lengths of chain to unite the two metal busli:s ft /1,3 ,"3 j and tP m,3 e1 11.3•

ment::5. Fig: 11 s·hows a magnetic head-band.

as us

The first is applie<l horizontally upon the epi- c8 d8 are \"'ertical tubes filled \vith magnetic;-ore

gastrium or pit of the stomach, while the other sand, and made longer at one end than at the

,r, is applied to theYe1·tebral column immediately other, so as to indicate, by a simple means, the
opposite the first mentioned. The bnsks are location of the poles; .e&· buckle and tab·
r inserted in the thickness of the belt in the posi- tf lt.8 ·l'l j• T.,.S ld m8 11.6, silk stmps for holding th~
tions shown. o3p3 rf are buckles; r t,3, straps. baml in place; o8 p8 1", temple- straps. The

The whole of tile belt is covered on tbe one tubes containing the ore-dust and wire are ar-

side w.ith an insulating material, such as silk ranged, as heretofore described.

or linen, while the in§i~e surface of the tubes Fig.12 shows an appliance for the chest ancl

r, and busks are ap.PHi<I.:next the skin. This back, made in two part-s. The part a1 bT cT df
kind of belt may nlsp:,~"'l~ed without the ,p which i.e~ to be applied on the chest, iS

busks. Tlte belt is provided·with the hollow tubes, filled with ore-dusttaiul containing the

formed of two with ore-sand,

sweirtihesaofvherotriiczaolnbtaulsktu, bgTesh,Tfivllejld.

wire, as heretofore describ.e(l. ·

Tile horizontal tubes unite in a central \"'erti-

Fig. 9 shows another form of magnetic belt cal tube, d:r ] 1• The I>art k1 fl m1 ·n:: forms the

for the preV"ention of sea-sickness.

· back piece, anti is composed of two series of

a4 b4 ~"' are bucldcs,ora single one only maybe diagonal tubes, united in a single vertical tube,

substituted, ofthe same breadthas the belt. The i' t1• Upon the back piece is applied the bn!ik

beltiisdhidc<lcentrnllythronglloutitslength by o1 p1 q1 r1 in a 'liu.gonal position. Cbaius con-

.a tube tilled with magnetic-ore sand, on either tained ill the vertical tubes !11 t1 il' ] 1 serve to

sideof which extends a series ofdiagonal tubes, connect the busks. The back and front pieces

also tilled uith the santl, ami uniting \Vith the are connected by buckling at the shoulders u1

central tube, which recei\"es aitd. collects the '07 zo7 y7 z1 z7• t1 ~~ ~JA d' represent the opening

se\eral currents. cl' e"f~ are tabs, or one single for the neck. T11e front and back may also be

tab only may be used. T11e belt is lined the made in one piece, by providing an opening

same as the foregoing, and both are 'maue wider large enough for the beau to pass through.

at one enll than at the other, in order to indi- I claim as my in,·ention-

cate in a simple manner the location of the . .A. magnetic apparatus for medical1m:rposes,

w north and south pole.

consisting of a perforated or hollow body, con-

Fig. 10 shows an umbilical belt; b$ c5, taining one or more tubes filled with nutgnctic-

buckles; cl$ e' f' rt, metal bnsk placed perpen- iron-ore <lust, in which is embedded a mab"'let,

dicular to the length ot' the belt; ],5 i$l' 1..~, di- whose opposite poles terminate at the ends of

agonal dorsal busk. The form and arrange- the tnbe or tubes, all arranged substantially

ment of the busks maj~ be yaried. lJ m/' m$ as specified.

h$l ps are 'conducting-.chains, coru1ecting the

busks 'vith the encl of the belt.

.

GUILLAU.liE ED.A.RD.

The tubes containing the ore-dust and wi.t·e Witnesses:

all run in the same direction. The belt is lined,

RonT. ~I. HOOPER,

and may be used without the busks and chain.s,

JE.A.N BAPTISTE RoLL.L'iD.

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No. 85,300.

A. C. GARRATT. Medical Battery.

Patented Dec 29, 1868.

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.ALFRED C. GARRATT, OF BOSTON, ~IASSACifUSETTS.
Letter., Ptctl:nt .No. 83,300, dated December 29, lSGS.

IMPROVEMENT IN VOLTAIC PILE FOR MEDICAL PURPOSES.

1'he Schedule refttr!ed to iD these Letten Patent aud makiuc put of the aame.

To all ·Wllom it nzay conccnz :

1 a11<1.11ge the~e pairs in a circle, as shmn1 iu fig. 1,

· Be it. known that I, Ar.num C. G.\U!t.u.'T, uf Bo:s- urI mny :UT:mge thelll so as to mak~ n ~tmigllt battery,

son, county of 1'5~~Jik, :Ulcl Stat~ uf .l!&ts.o;.1.chnlictts, H:i shmm in fig. 2, nr I may arrange them in any :mit-

Jt.i\·e im·entet.l certain Imtn·oyemt.>nts iu \ ..oltaic Bat- ahl~ shape, &tl'i may ht' retJUirecl ti,r any particulnr lot·a.I

teries, to be u~ed upon thc body in th~ treatment of npplication.

cli~3&·, which I call ".U1 Impl"'Yed Humboldt )!ctlicul l'he:;e pairs arc iusulatctl ti·ow the um;e lt., by soft

Battery;" <mt.llclo hcl't!hy llecl:.n·~ thut the tullowiug is mhbet· or other iusulator, antl they are cunuectt:cl in

~full, dcar, ami exatt tlcscl'iptiou tlwrent~ rett-rt.•ncc such a manuer ns not to flut.:tuate the electtic cun"t"nt,

lleing hacl tu the accompanyiu~ drawin;.;:-, in whic·h- <Ultl ut. the same time the cuunet'tiuu is cuuqllett:h· iu-

Fignrc 1 represeut.s a cc~mplete hattt'ry, uf c·ia·cuhu· snlatccl, ~u as to bt! llt!at and tfexiLlc.

form.

·

Iu the circular battt·ry I place, on·r the •~entre, a

~1gure 2 represents a. section ut' a straight uatterr. piece uf ntuiJer duth, tl, or 1ts etinimlent, the use of

}'igurc 3 represents the back of the straight platt.>s, whie.:h i~ to iusulate the cntls of the plates from tht•

aod manner of conuecting them.

hucl.Y, :uul gh·e th·t- ac:tion tn the electlical Ctll'rr~nt.

It has loug bt!cll •~ CJUC:ition among decttici:(us a~ to ~ly imprm·ecl Humbultlt llll'tlkal uattea·y i~ to be

a couwnit•nt method ut' apvlying el~t·tiidty lul'all~·, a~ applied diredly tu tile skin, <llltl tints wum, ~o that tht>

G:I.De~ fn.•ctu~utly occw· illiUl·tUtal practitt• wht.>U it wonlt.l liriug liluh ot· Lu.ly uf till' paticut al'ts a~ the \'dJit!t·

be ofh'l'cat Ul'ndlt if a c·nul)tant prituar·y curi·c·ut of elt!l'- ti.n· supplyiu;; the spaces ht:twccll the pairs oYer tltc iu-

tdcity conicl he applied to the pa111)f th~ bucly clisc•a:;c~tl, suiatur t~ awl tht' mr.rnl~, with au c~c:iting·lictnid, which-

lUlU Ull'IU bt•l"l'\ Of the lllL'tlical prot~:S~iun !JaYC ueeu at a i~ the uatuml pe1·spiratiun thJlll tht.' hotly. The spa<:e~

Joss to :~t•cure the proper means of locally applying thi:-; t.etwt•cn the tlitli.~t·ent plates alltl pail.;. arP l'I'CSCI"\'ecl Ly

primary cltn·cnt for coutiuuoms gentle· actiuu, sn 111111:h tlat• pt•culim· tiaugt• on tlw platc:s tlwm..:elvc~, shuw11 at.

de:;irctl.

i, aJJtl b~· tlu~ iu~ulatiun::o.

There han~ been ,·ariuu:; attt!mpts t•) so cou:)tl'nct a The tir~t Hmnhohlt battery, !mown n.ssnch to~C'ieuce,

b:Jttel"y tot· local. applic<~tiou, as to secure the proper awl tlL•scril.>t•tl in IllY wurk on metlical d~~ctricity, t•<litiuu

electl'ical ~urrcnt, but ::;o thr th~ attempt~ han~ ht~cn uf Tidmur & Ficl•hi, lSuO, page 113, ot' wllich I was

wjtbout satisthctor\· rc:>ults.

th~ origiuator, aml whit:h I ~·~n~ to the wothl, is not

The ohject of 1n)· innmtion is to }H'Otlure au electro- ~., complete as I conlcl wi:sh, aml I baxe tlwreti.m~ in-
pbysiologi~al battery, wllich t'an ue ~lpplit·d to au:; p~u·t tt!l'estetl myselt; by great pains antlt·X}H!U::it:, to prutluce ortlre Jmmau body, which battct·~·, hy the action of the my impron~d Humboldt mccliC':tl battt•ry, which is au

ltlturnl pen;piration ti·om the skin upon the cli:;!iimilar electro-phy:siological hattery; allll tlw tou,·cnictu.:c :uul

IIU:tals compl'i:;iug my battery, as an exdting·fluid, :-~ball uscfulu~~ of t-his cht-ap, durable, anu least troublei-:owe

gtncratt~ aconstaut and efficient priman·cnl1'entofdcc-

~city.

•

I ~ce_omlllislJ my pUlliO:ie by aJ1'allering pail·;-; ot' vl:.ttes

loDotr.kU'tCIStcmcl:I~aItI~U·il3Pa1ra,tmt1.•e8nt6ta7lgs,,aranandfttJecurultyrhu7ee,

puly'iutehipel"eCs"inuitccodrp~otaratctcsu, lSuS, upnu any tluraulc

ofallgalYanicarrn.ugements, autl its pecnliaradaptation, under frctJUE'ntly·occnning circum~tances, tor the treat: ml•nt of difterent cases, must gin~ it a more promineut
placrl atnong pmctical and reliable electro-therapeutics,
than that gainecl uy my ol'iginal im·entiou, filr the present
improved anangemcntancl structur~ seC'urcs fitr greater

a~utdcstlefxruamblcthniosnb-a-csoen, danucdti·ni•lr~ublaastei·,uganthtle ipua::imrslaotifH1"~atthces

:t......m t~c.uext pair, hy any good iu;.;ulator, like rubhet·

wuth. the

'~I;hlemspccspglaivteesn

minaythb~eclomfwaiungy:-c; oanrveewueielluat c:l:-ahpatpeetl,

anclmore uuiform etlicicuc_r. lfthe frictiou of the uody upon the.• surface of the platl'S tloe:; not keep them snthdentlr bright, they t'<lll easily be rubbed with a piect• of wash-leather oa· all\' suitable material.
I nm well awnn~ o( the natun:· of '~ PulYermaehm··s

··r:~1uL.~.0a~r.erecI:tbt'nta.a:•1h1!tl1u,etc<c1~.h'1~!lIp~·~U':~l-un1t:;ti~c~irlotrpozcu~afo.u·,Uwlsawtcaeliornllspluptgl"otplssOaoc,mztlt•ae:mwta:rrathcko·mit.eidlluplu.ie1.gcrTdtekhIahsnweeceppnsicualtpto$histlpra,zpmtso~tiei!uaf1hyS•vc·p·eaalpoparrplnl,tcaapceott.am-esertr.:oua;aaa,rtdfnratue~d1ylsl1hso'1.sto;lth~sltbicrmiolult~''flita~·lthcuaa:lpctutel­l·

chaiu," a G~rmau ill\'l~~tiun, a11tl I tln uot clai.m any arraugcaueut aualugot~:s:tu it. I am alst) awn~e of the nat me and claim of ·Thouias. HaJJ's patent, of 11 ~:bru~u·y
7, 18HJ; ti11· "Yoltaic :)Olcs," a uti I tli.,claim his arraugc-
meut of lapt•ing plat•:s of tlissiluilar mctal:-o, as there is
uc Ill> current in an apparatus t·on:--trueted after his alkgct.l
inn-ntio11, as no componnll primary CUI'l':mt can pro·

,·dl.lls. 'Iuc:;e pain; arc thcu attached uy thre:ul I to ~ttahlc and tlexiule uoH·contlucting hast·, in ~ndt a
,..a~kt~I nlJ!e\pr~afu.t·hrI.uSaltJinbt:eh;tue·l:c.dtltoiefttfhl1e,ri:eeo,nlltml. ·ttmhae:n.tyalltl?sg.XosotltlplaalliinrusUeujl'aaitllitlneSlgC'll·'lJitlliltlacl-~.
. , uetwt.•t!H eac·h pair and the next.

clucc1l without a sel'ie~ of complete dements; iu thct, sdl·ntitic demonstration with the gah·aiwmeter proves Hall's" voltaic t;Ole" tu have uo clectrir:l.l current as a wbolt·, while a hattcrv ronstructctl accnt't.ling to my iuy~util)ll can ea:;ily ~e iml\'f'tl to po~St'ss all thr qualities I claim tiJr it.

Havin~ thu~ fnlly clt'scrihed .my impro\·ement, ":-hat I claim :ll'i my im·entiou, awl tlt!::oire to st•em·t·
hy Lettcrli Patent, isAn.elc.:!!tru-pla~·si,logic.'ll b&ttter~·, constrnctccl hy ar-
r liiJ!illg a. st·rTes .of pairs uf tti:;simit.u· mt'tal plates, :ts denu.:ut:;. com}>lt-tcly iu~ulated ti·om euch othl'r, awl from tbc·)~':t~t·, as cle:;cribetl, aml the platl'S uf eadJ pair
. . .w. .· - tinnh· eotii\t!,ctetl, as showu, all arrangetl upun a ftt•xible .~'·~/~

nou-eont.luctiug base, as and for ;he pnrpoS('S tlescribta1t

in thh; specifiration.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this

spedfil•atit'•n, in the~ pr!-'~ence of two subscribing wit-

ncs;-;e:s. .

\\~itnt'sscs:

·..:-\..L~.,RED C. G.\.RRA.'l'T.

C..\.RROLI. D. \VRIGHT,

.\. F. BUTTERWORl'H.

~

~

·~==~~~~~~~~~

(No Model.)
No. 420,300.

T. H. HICKS.
THERAPEUTIC MAGNET.
Patented Jan. 28·, 1890.

:H.K

X

K

..
~
~-----=--~~==~

··im

_________ STATES. PATENT···OFJ:i'IG.;~:~'.:~}~~· ~

.-~

. .

. ... :_.'·.:····· ~-~-/·;~-~-

liAS II. HICKS, OF DETROIT, l\IICHIGA.Y, ASSIG~OR, BY -DIRECT AND

MESXE ASSIGN:liEXTS, TO THE THER.APEl"TIC TERRESTRIAL EQUI-

POISE COliPANY, OF iiiCHIG..:\.X.

:_- ~· ..

THERAPEUTIC MAGNET.

SPECIFICATION forming part o£ Letters Patent No. 420,300, dated January 28, 1890. Application Bled October 12, 1889.. Serial :Bo, 326,87~. aTo model.>

whon"b it nz,ay concern.· known that I, THOlu.s

H.

HICKS, ·a.·

convenient means, for detachably securing ·thereto pole -·extensions of various forms.

so

of the QuE'en of Great Britain, resid- Thus it will be readily seen that in this re-

t Detroit, in the county of 'Vayne and spect all the metallic contacts or poles K be- .:

of llichigan, haYe invented certain nE;)w ing in different relation to the magnet_ or its· : ·

useful Improvements in Therapeutic field haYe different magnetic values or prop- 55

~al~Iu~rs, of which the following is a speci.fi- erties, and thereby the physician is enabled .

-..o-t'o...::.""'0 being hatl therein to the ac- to intelligently select the one for application

drawing.

which in his· experience suits the case, the

tion relates to new and useful patient being bt'Ought either in direct contact .

i"'\'ements in therapeutic magnets; and with this pole, or, if this.is not practicable, in- 6o

in\·ention consists in the peculiat· con- directly through an extension secured thereto.

· and arrangement of a magnetic field, A further object of my inYention is to so

more fully hereinafter clescribetl, and construct the tle,·ice that. the physiological ef-

.;gr~•nn:•n in the accompanying <lrawing, in fects of heat or cold may be combined with

my device is shown half in elevation the magnetic effects, as both these effects com- G5

the other half in central section.

binecl are much more efficacious than either

is a hollow metallic body, preferably of alone; and to this end I have constructed the , ·.

c'A-'''"'u~"'"'"' form. B is a magnet secured in the device so that it may be I'eadily placed into a

or axis of the body and having its ends cooling or into a heated medium contained in ··, .·

erablyprojectingtotheoutside, said mag- a suitable vessel.

· · · 70

being either a permanent ot· an elc~tro . The extensive metallic surface and body-_ )

Ol.¥il•gu.e".

glven to the devi~.e _will-form in such use a:·.:_:/

Dare screw-plugs secured in screw- good conductor. · · _-. · · . _ ·..: <~-)<

s IU:fl.D,r_~lctE~d apertures formed in opposite sides As the device is presented in the drawing, : .
body A, t-he apertures being large the iron cores in the tubes E E', &c., are ~n- ·7

~noo:~rh. if desired, to fill the space_ tJ!erein ductivety acted upon by the magnet ,B, and

neutral or insulating body, such as on account of the different relations to said ~~!Phur,resin, &c. The plugs are pr·efera~ly magnet it may 9e said that the contacts K- :._~

I.:Jil~JL"lOJL'!Y recessed to receive the ends of the represent a magnetic scale. A similar result, ·.::

rJ118.gn4et to hold it secur~ly in prescribed po- however, may be obtained by omitting .the .So_

iron cores altogether and arranging the con-_;_·: ·

E are two metallic rods secured at right tacts K merely in different parts of the field ~/:.

to the magnet in the screw-plugs C and of force of the magnet B.

· . · ;, ·::·, ._·:,·_

res1pectively, and E' E", &c., are iliterme- 'rhe globular form of the metaJlic body· A , :-.-.
..,.,.,._...... _.... _ metallic rods secured at inter\'"als be- . forms a visual i_ndex~of the intensity of the' . Ss

the outer rods E E in the shell of the magnetic contacts. K by the analogy w~t.h the,.~_:,_.-

and extending parallel to each other and glol)~.Ilar forni of the earth and its magnetic :-- :.:~

outer rods to an equal distance from properties at various distances from the poles.·- . ::_

of the magnet. These rods are pref- By filling the interior spaces in the globe with :.-~--~

ptade ~f tubing, of any metal except a suitable material water _or. othex: liq~li~ .i~~~ 9~

to With an Iron core F inclosed in each tube excluded therefrom when the device IS Im-.-~;t:·.

ding int{) proximity the magnet. inersed.

_ _ . · - -_:- ·~: -<~~-}/._;i

'§~;·~ 4!ar their outer ends the metallic rods are '"\"hat I claim as my inYention is~~:~-··;·~:~-:.:·:,~,.:; t~~l~J:lileC1ted by a cross-barG,of insi1lating ma- .· 1. In a therapeuticafmagnet, the coinbi~a~-~~~--~

to each of the free ends of the rods tion, with a magnet, of _a series of met~lli~ .95 ..&.

.A-~~~;~~C:-~.1·e~. an enlarged mt!tallic contact or contacts ~r poles in the ~a~netic field the~e~f ?.r~ _piece K of lead, preferably of globular a~d i_n graduated pro~1m1ty to the pol~s of_,.._·.·.

. and
~.

provide.d.

with

a ·socket

H,

or..o.ther

said..m·a-g-net;

and .

a

metal·l.ic

frame_support.. ~

..

~

. ~~~--~,~,~-~t~te~·-~n~-~~q~z~:!7!7~7!t~-~-!-,.!_5!7!!--!!-!Et!!2!7!!·!'!'"!'!--!'!·!:!l!7'!!!!2!2!7!'~~~·

~

~

2

420,300

ing said magnet and series of poles in fixed globe A, the screw-plugs C and D, SUJPP~t>rti.n

relation to each other, s1,1bstantially as de- the magnet, the tubular rods E E, securE~

scribed.

the scre,v-plugs at right angles t~ the

2. In a. therapeutical magnet, the combina- the intermediate tubular rods E' E",

S tion, with a magnet., of a series of metallic cured to the e:lobe A, the cross-bar G, the

contacts or poles located in different parts of tallic contacts of poles K, secured to the

the magnetic field thereof, a hollmv metallic ends of the tubulat· rods, and the iron

casing inclosing and suppm·ting the magnet, secured in the tubular rods, all arranged

·:, .and a series of metallic rods secured thereto stantially as described.

10 at right an"gles to the axis of the magnet and· In testimony whereof I affix my signatn

carrying the series of metallic rods secureu presence of t"·o witnesses, this 8th day of

thereto at right angles to the axis of the mag- tober, 1880.

net and carrying the series of metallic con-

THO)IAS H. HICKS.

tacts or poles, substantially as described.

'Vitnesses:

15 3. In a therapeutical magnet, the combina-

Dl. B. O'DOGHERTY,

tion of the magnet, the inclosing metallic

Eo. licBREARTY.

tiiil¥4P $#1

4_($0 :-##-& .

MWSCJ~ _ #U,§£9 L#£&&A I

= - = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = - • - -------------- JWmN ZJBGLBB. 01\ KULBOUSB. J"'WiOB.
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1ID XODB 01' IBIJ:Ilml 'DB BAD.

'fO WBOII l'f JU.1' OOliCKUz

a.-. laa•• a

••• • - tU& I, Jhau lulr.a, oiii.U.OU., Ia ... a1w ... S.pa•a..W.I'I.W, ... ...._. ol Gea..abla ,..

•pin.rowfW.pa,I_J~a-..y

la•nted-or diHOY~ aeolan &Jae rollowia1to

..1 a r.u, ...., ................ .

· I ........... 1M& wMan• uote aad ....... • • uo&le W7 • • a .no.1s.a ...,, or a W7 . ~~naal7uo&le ... ...._ ... .Ua1a&IJ10, an.._.., Ia ......, aa l•poa4.Uie _lshl Ia aileappd, &lao
,........ ol wJalft Ia ...iii_... 1t7 eertala ,_.Jlar ...._ ,,.. ....... or •eptaltl• orpallaaa. Tlai1 laid.

.wWe1a I eall "-'ri&allahl,'' Ia • aew·p1aJilaal apat, .......... liko ..... llpt, aaa .._rieit7, Ia the midi& of

c-.-1 .......... Ia . ., H eolleesed •• .,....aw Ia ~ta, Uli:e dae~ 1,1a, •• wlll ,.....

._...,. P••••• ••Millie. ........ ._...,.,.~.wla~ &M ......... ltJwlaiola-ite

Ja ~INII beUf•·---q-aaAloQto eJeo.

...._,._....... tWa. W
·taW·.,,...... ......... ._._. ~:...Yial!l'l

Ia •••ortllol•
prool ol ..._... daaa

...,....:-.r . .a.. . , . . . . . _ . _ .

lacl.,......
.,,~

nlatftoe; aad &Jae
YOJHieccrio

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· Ba.Saa deooriW &lao aatue ttl dao laW, I wiD DOW prooooi to Uaarlh tho •aaaer Ia w.l~k it 1aa7 1to

paura&oa aad "'"ala& to a ooadltloa iil wWn It eaa h pne&ieall7 uocl. At &lao ••o ti. . it will bo sader-

rer.. •toocl tlaat ..........Ia I

to ... tleeerih .... one or two . , . . . . . lt&od lor . , parpoeo, I do IIOC Umit IDJHII

to a.aola appan&u, bs& a..w •1•ll a& U1Mn7 toa•all prau•• wbicJa operate OD &lao .... priaciple to imlaeo ·

liko .....ltl.
Aaotio Wi• ... ,.. ' - ' ...tsoton of dae •i&al ta~d. _. ...., tn.-1 pre(• lilk, whicla hu the ad\"aa·

,a.., lap o( la&enopda1 01' ia•Ja&ia& eleetrio IUNIICI, the la..,._tioa.olwlaiah woaJlbo-detriaaontal to tlao laid.

Aa inaalaton lor &lao I.W,

aaaola, ud •iaonl1 ia pponl ••7 Ito sHd.

Tlae appua&u tor pewatina &lao laid all n,.•blo tla.t •o:talo pile to a certain •loJre•· Thae, ia each ia

fou:d a a-orator ot &lae lsitl witla two Jaeteropneou chomioal Rbataao• &lao one with a carbon bue, an•l the

o&h•r witla aa aaotic buo-ud two eoadsotiaa tlanMa (ldada of naplaone) lor eoaclaetlaa the 'curent aucl coa-

ple&ial itl oirni&.

,

·

.

Tlao loJ1~11a a . . - arra1emnt to aclopt: A bladclw or like porou ncoptcaalo I• lll..t wida caaetie

Ill I••__. AIUIOala, a••

to the aeok ita •oiUHI eoatainecl ia u oNlDAI'1 Jar or •aitcabl• Ynael. A. &bread

* ia of ailk ia utacW to aeok of &lao I»Wder or ponsa diap...._., aad tlae oud of a teetJntl eilk thread

piM..t ia tho . .a.... 'no &wo pi. . . ol 1ilk en thn snl&ecl, ncl &lao olreai& il &last 001aploted and alated,

tlaroa1la wlalola tho oarnn& of tiM .Stal luid ,...... '!'lao .Woat of dae laid wlll .. mat~ifoated on an ~rpnin..l

•Ia.- MiaI

it Ia dae ORne of tho nrreat. Ita oortaia ·--~ of daolo.ol. .nta are broaght to;ether :a paine.

••1 a dnoa. for illltaaeo, a canon& of 1rea& power be obtaia.a wiUo• wiU prodace 011 ata aaiaaate boingmacla

•OM notie.blo el"ecca. The olemea&l ia dall cue •o 001aa...a 1t1 plaaJlal the thrnd ot the ammouia of &be
tu In& elosoa& iato the molaN• of followia1 el. .oa&, atl • oa; or bettor, b1111ai&iaa on oaae tid'e all tho

••1 aaaoaia llanacll, nd on tho other all &laOM ol the mo-..;

A. Rill httor IU'I'aUJftlft&

M el"ec&td b7 aaeaa1 olat. . tsht. For tbi1 pat"J'o.• a alUI tube ia

tak..a wlaotelftltla ia fro• &n to lf&HD &haft itt •lia•otor. I& alaoald be aligh&l7•proacl a& ite enda, and

&wo oork _,,.. an prepared ndnl7 nYOloped la a plcl-'bea&v'a lkia, (baad"'olao,} wlalcla ia wrapped tbrco

••·•lao or tnr &Ia• aroaiMl . .Ia oork, aad bouclaev tho upper tad ot ·eaoJa witla • ailk cord wbicJa ronu oae of tho

eondacton. Tlae ailk eord

bo meclo to pau throap tllo tube, aud thi8l1 ••• preferable. The &ubo

.r. ..iDJ eork.a a& ODO of Ita ....... eMrooal uk ol DO l"la& tlaickatu Ia pl'aotd ill it.-Oa thia diak lpNafl

a low paiu ofliUcloaa aaad to preYeD& it• eoatact with a aeeoatl diak of oharcCMI, aDd oaro 1hoald btl taken

eacl: time &lao ~aad Ia iatrodaaed to OOYor it with ammoaia. iD Mala maaaer that tlae wlaol• will bo luall7 immonefl

ia tJao liqai•. Tbo &abo MiDI &hua llled la oloncl 1»1 tlao . . . . . oork, aad the Yltal &aid Ia tlaou proclaeod, ancl

or loraaa 'wo wrnata whlcla low tlaroasla tho ooadaotlnc tbreMI. B7 snltlag tet-iral thne olomonta, either
A.. plaood caal to ead or brosala& together Ia a bandlo, 'fef1 powvlal aarreatl ma1 be ob&aiaed.

. ~

the

Tho al»o.-..deecrlbed apperalua prodaC'e 1;oocl r"ahe, b:a& !ol1owia1: lt ll oorapotod or lubut, corked at Lotla nda

l.a aa

mJ•y•~oaopaeprhlaaionne1d1,

1 J.,.ye eraplo7ed in protenae•
ba' ia1tnd ot carLoa and a

i

l

i

-

-

oioiiJ ...d.witJa amnaoula, the tabu are filled with alternate la,.n or JIOWderocl IIIIIN" or lead and 01&1lidc: ot

~-M'* ••,.

~II rj ~

·S

----,.li.aoea-......; tU& I •oa1c1 tanh• aplaia au ~ed'oia • arna...-a f!l c•-•pparan., wJalela

tile_..,..,......., ..1M .Ujeetea te lalaite ...Uieadoa .....,U.I te tlao aatan tl ... appUeadoa aH .. te ... ia plaJii-.

olos7, apieal&are. •• tlaela•utrial an.. Jri uodo Wi-, Ia

I . . . all bod~• ~

·,...tor ooaildal ot ...te.

.

•

a..n..a llaY~ai

•1 iaYatlea, ,..... I oW., ... ..._ te....,. ';r Lett.n Patnt, fa u toiJoww:

L Preclaelq a an t.poHenlale laiclla ~......... 'J tM . . . . . . . . II& torda ucl cl....n..L

I. fto ...w.at~oa oltwo ...._.., tlae •• eoataialac uoto ... tlao o~ eoatam!a1earboa, Ia tho
....... nltataatlaJIJ• . . . . •..mw, • 11 to ...._.... aa Ja,.._..lo I.Jtl, utl to aoito or prodaoo

a nrrnt ot tllo . .., 11 aH tor dao ,.rpoeald fortL

.

Ia tlltiaoa7 wlinot I Mft lip.. •1 aam• to &lala apeelleuloa Won m nbteribiaa wita.....

.

X.. mGLBIL

~

~

~~=======~.

- - 1~11~11--------II~W~II~I

No. 160,152.

J. C. BRYAN. Earth-Battery.

---

•

Patented Feb. 23, 1875.

•
•
. . . ·....__
/'
\:

WIT.NESSES

th. . $.ft--A- ' V~r~rE..Y-XOR .

, . c:::fos~~-K-W'~

•

~~j~~ c.~//

-~111~11

•
~

. . . . THE G~APHICO CO.PH01U•UTM.39.,+1 .-Rtc f~£,ft.V,

. .

. . - . .. . - . .

- IJY.~II~

- - r~IIIN"hl 11--------IIIA~II~Il UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

J~:\IES C. BRY.AS, OF PHIL..ll>ELPHll, PE~~SYLV~L\.. IMPROVEMENT IN EARTH-BATTERIES.

Spec:.fication form:ng part of Letters Patent No. 160,132~ dated F~bruary~'l, 1875; application tiled January 21, 1675.

To all zclto1n it may concen1:

In the drawing, the voltaic battery is com-

Be it known thati,JA:\IES CII~P:\I~~ BRY.L.""'f, posed of several pieces or plates of chemically

of tile city or Phi!atlelphia, State of Pennsyl- pure zinc, A., and the same number of copper,

vania, ha,·e inventetlncw and useful Improve-· B. They are embedded in a cake of sulphur,

meut::; in Eartil-Batteries for electro-magnetic C, aJUl are connected by a large insulated wire,

purposes; mul I tlo hereby declare the tbl- D, whicil, being the primary coil between di~­

lowingto be a full and correcttlescriptionoftbe similar elemeuts, is exteudetl, without insula-

same, reference being ilatl to the accompany- tion, to the base of the sulphur cal~e C, ·aml ing drawing~, and to tile letters of reference also in a spil·al coil or coils aromHl steel ma.:;-

nw:kcti thereon, waking a part of this specifi- nets E, whieh are pointed, magneti~ed, ami

catiOn.

nickel- plated.

The object of my iu\·ention is to produce a Tilese batteries are planted in the· earth

current. ot' electricity from au eartil battery north and soutll, to receh·e the earth's current

or batteries capable of gene~atiug a. constant of electricity accordin~ to the magnetic poles. ·

current of coi1~itlerable intensit,·, to be used The prirnar): coil or coils D are snrronmled b~·

tor lightning-rods autl other purposes where a ~econdary insulated wire, P, in a spira.l coil

voltaic batteries u~iug solutions are now ap- or coils, to receh·e, b~- induction, elect:·icity

plied.

·

from the batteries' current through D.

It is known that if different elements-for 'Yhat I clalm as my iu,·ention is-:- A in~tance, sheets of zinc and copper-be bur- 1. The impro\·ed voltaic earth-batte~·, con-.

ied or placed in the em·th a current of elec- sisting of the metals A. B, partially embedtl$-!d

tricity is generated; but I ha,·e clisco'"eretl tha.t in the sulphur C, as herein set fo1·th:. . .

if ::mch elemcn ts be partly embec.llled in sui- 2. The combiuatiou, witb the \"Oltaic earth-

. phur, so that the dampness of the earth may . battery and primary coil, of. the serit~s of mag-

act in conjunction with tile .sulphur on tile nets torming tile magueto- electric b•,ttery,

metals, a more intense current will be created. substantially as herein described. .

I utilize tili~ in the following way: This cur- 3. The combination, witn the voltaic earth-.

rent is collected bv insulated wires coiled battery, magneto-electric battery mul"priumry aroun<ln~ckel-plated steel wa.guets, which are coil, and tile secondary coil F, substantially as

planted north and soqth in tile earth, to re- herein set forth.

cei'"e the magnetic current of tile eartil; a

secondary coil or coils of insulated wire sur-

J~)IES CH.l.P)IA.:Y BRY.l.:Y.

round~ the coil or coils around the magnets,

and receives, by induction, electricity from Witnesses:

l~oth tile Yoltaic and magneto-electric batter-

Jos. T. K. PL..:\.~1·,

ies.

THEOPL"CS S. KnniELL.

--
~11~1

- ---------·1~~11~1

No. 182,802.

3 Sheets-Sheet 1.
J. CERPAUX.
ELECTRIC-PILES. Pa.tented Oct. 3,' 1876.

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J. CERPAUX.
ELECTRIC-PILES.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

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No. 1S2,SOZ.

Pa.tented Oct. 3, 1S76.

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- - -
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No.

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3 Sheets-Sheet 3.
J. CEiPAUX.
ELECTRIC-PILES. Pa.tented Oct. 3, 1876.

,

- - ~lll~~Afl---1-----lll~~ll~l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

-

JULES CERPAUX, OF SaiNT JOSSETE:N NOODE, BELGIU~I. IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRIC PILES.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 182,802, dated October 3, 1876; application ftled March 8, 1876.

To all toltmll it mag concenr,:

the plate B1 a rod, F, extends through, aml,

Be it known that I, JULES CERPAUX, of preferably, beyond said shank, it being insu-

the city of Saint Josseten Noode, in the King- lated therefrom in any suitable manner. In

dom of Belgium, ha~e invented a new and this case the wires or electrical conductors are

Improved Electric Pile, of which the follow- conuectetl, one with the shank E and the other

ing is a description:

\Vith the rod F.

::liy in'\"ention consists in the combination Referring now to Figs. 6 and 7, A' .B' desig-

of plates of zinc and copper, or other metals nate annular or ring-shaped plates of copper

having analogous qualities, and provided \Vith and zinc, or other suitable materials, and az

a series of teeth or blades, said plates and series of teeth or blades e~tendiug from them.

their blades being separated by slats and These plates are separ-J.ted by strips of wood

blocks of wood, or other suitable insulating 0 2, or other insulating material. Wires or

material, whereby I produce a very superior electrical conductors are connected with the

electric pile, which, when inserted in m9ist plates A2 .B2 as to the plates .a. B.

earth or sand, as hereinafter described, gen- Although I ha~e only shown these three

erates an electric current at but slight cost. distinct styles of carrying out my invention,

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 I do not intend to confine myself to them, but

represents an electric pile, made according to may make t"'lectric piles of other forms em-

my invention, and of tln.t form. Fig. 2 rept·e- bodying the same principle, namely, the plates

sents a transverse vertical section thereof. and insulated teeth or blades, made of metals

Fig. 3 is a top vie\v of the same. Fig. 4: rep- of different electric properties.

resents another form, in vertical section, of a Thes~ electric piles are inserted in moist earth

circular plate with radial blades. Fig. 5 is a or saud, or in a gaseous place, aml the conse-

sectional plan thereof. Fig. 6 represents a quent action upon the metals produces an

side view of another style of electric pile of electric current. If urine or liquid chloride

annular form; and Fig. 7 is a top view of the ofsodium, or an analogous subst3 nce, is poured

same.

on the earth or sand \Vhere the electric pile is

Similar letters of reference designate corre- inserted, the action upon the metals will be

sponding parts in all the figures.

stimulated, and a very intense electric cur-

Referring first to Figs. 1, 2, and 3, A and B rent be ..produced, and may be intensified at

designate two plates, which are respectively will. · .

made of copper and zinc, or other metals bear- A very goOll place to insert these piles "is

ing the same electrical relations to each other. in a urinal, cess-pool, or privy, or dung-hill,

They consist of fiat strips with teeth or blades as in such a place a strong current will be

a b projecting from the lower edge. These constantly prouuced, and the necessity for

plates are separated from each other by strips supplying liquid is ob'\"iated.

of wood C, or other insulating material, and It is obvious that if ~be pile be inserted

their teeth or blades a b are separated by in earth contained in a receptable of ianper-

blocks c of the same material. Wires D, o1· vious material, any stimulating liquid poured

other electrical conductors, are fastened by upon the same will be coutined to the recep-

screw-cups e, or other means, to the plates A tacle, and its action ·on the pile be of longer

B, and may be connected at pleasure to pro- duration. Ofcourse other substances orliquids

duce the electrical circuit.

may be used to stimulate the electric action.

Referring now to Figs. 4: and 5, A1 B1 desig- I have mentioned the above because they

nate two circular plates, from which extend a are inexpeush~e, and enable me to produce an

series of radial teeth or blade~, a1 b1• Like electric current at little or no cost except that

the plates A B they may be made, respect- of the pile.

ively, of copper and· zitic, .or other suitable The two styles of pile that I have repre-

metals, and they are iusulated by blocks of sented in Figs. 1, 2, aml 3, and in Figs. 6 and

wood or other suitable material 0 1• From the 7, have only their blades a band a3 tr, inserted
--~~~~~~-------11~11~-r plate A1 extends a tubular shank, E, and from in the ground, and their plates proper, A B A2

- - ~II ~~AJ 1---1------llli\~JII~ I 182,802

~', remaining above gronnd. as represented only advantage due to this con~trnction of

in the drawings. The pile represented in Figs. .pile, for the plates proper, or shank and rod

4 and 5 has the plates A1 B1 and teeth or blades E F, con~titute a receh·er or accumulator of

a1 b1 inserted in the ground, and the tubular the electricity generated on the teeth or blades.

shank E and rod F project abo\"e ground, as. What I claim as my invention is-

s!::own in the drawing.

.

The electric pile, consisting of plates of cop-

This pile is very superior to any of which .per and zinc or other metals, bearing similar

I ba\"e knowledge. It embodies in its con- electric relations to each otller, provided with

struction a smaller amount of metal, but a series of teeth or blades, and insulated by

far greater extent of effective surface, to pro- strips, slats, or blocks of wood, or other suit-

duce an electric current of a given strength able material, substantially. as and for the

than any other electric pile. The pairs of purpose specified.

blades· or teeth are so far separated that the In testimony whereof I ba'r'e signed my

moist earth or sand will more effectively come name to this specification. before two subscrib-

in contact with e\"'ery part of that portion of ing \Vitnesses.

the pile which is inserted in the earth than it could possibly do if the t'\YO plates of the pile

J"C"LES CERP.AU:X:.

were continuous. Therefore tl.Jere is a larger Witnesses:

effecth·e surface than if tl.Je pile were other-

FELIX DE KERT,

wise constructed. ~his, however, i~ not the

A. H.A.USTZ.

--
~IIWA111

- IIVNIII,.IP

~~l~ll~vhll.--1------11~~11~1

-

(loKodeL)

G. F. DIECKMANN.•

-

. No._ 329,724.

BLIOTBIO BARTH JA.T!EBY.
Patented. Nov. 3, 1886•

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- - ~II ~..-hJ 11--------IIJA.~IIl.R l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE•

GEORGE F. DIECKliANN', OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSI•GNOR OF ONE-FOURTH
TO PAUL G}IEHLIN, OF SAME PLACE.
ELECTRIC EARTH·BATTERY.

SPECil'ICA~IOH formlus part of Letter• Pateut Bo. 329,72-i, elated November 3,1885.
ApplloatioD Sled JuDe IS, 11!@5. Serial X'o. 168,690. (lro modeL)

To aZZ whom it may concem,:

but in order to make the internal resistance

Be it known that I, GEORGE F. DIECXli.A.NN, of the battery as low as possible and obtain a

a citizen of Germany, residing in the city, cheap construction, I prcfec to Corm each ele-

s

county, and State a new and useful

of New York, have invented Electric Earth-Battery, of

ment or couple or zinc and copper plates or sheets separated the proper distance by a 55

which the following i8 a specifi".ation. · sheet of felt, asbestos, or other suitable non·

Earth - batteries, consisting of electrodes conducting mat-erial and rolled up in a spiral

buried in the earth, as heretofore constructed, form, as clearly represented. in the drawings,

have not been capable of giving an electro· by which means I obtain a compact element

ro motive force greater than that obttlinable Crow having a large surface with a small distance 6o

a single couple-which is too small for practi· between the plates, and consequently a very

cal purposes-because, it a number or·couples low resistance. The zinc plate being the one

or elements were used and connected in series most acted upon sbouhl be made the thicker,

all the couples stood in the same electrolyte as I have indicated. Having constructed any

15 and short-circuited one another. By my in- desired number of the.~ elements according 65

vention I am enabled to bury a series of to the electro-motive required, I bury tbem

couples in the &'lme body of earth and con- in the earth at a proper depth in any desired

nect them together in series, so as to obtain positions, but relatively far apart, so that tho

from such a battery an indefinitely high elec- distance between them is great compared wi.th

20 tro-motive force·sufficient for chargingstorage- the distance between the two electrodes of any 70

batteries, operating electric bells, telegraphic one couple. Tho negative plate of each couple

and other purposes, &c.

i8 then connected with tho positive plate of

To this end my invention consists in arrang- the next through the series, as represented-

ing the electrodes in such a way that the te- and the terminals of the battery thus formed

25 sistance betwtaen the electrodes of each couple are connected with the circuit to be supplied, 75

is small, wbile the resistance between the a telegraph-circuit, as represented, for exam-

couples i8 relatively large, and connecting the ple. The wires connectiug the couples should

negative electrode of each with the positive preferably be ~nsulated where they come near

electrode of the next by a low-resistance con- together belo,, ground, to prevent short·cir·

JO doctor, 80 that the short-circuiting e.trect of cuiting there. I have shown them entirely &J

the couples upon each other may be indefi- buried in the earth; bot of course they may be

nitely reduced, and the effect is practically laid above ground. The distance apart that

the same 88 if the couple were immersed in the couples should be placed depends upon

separated electrolytes. To arrange the rela· the resistance ofthe telegraphic or other work·

,35 tive resistances so 88 produce this e.trect I ing circuit. It its resistance be very high, 85

place the two electrodes of each couple com- .then the couples should be much farther apart,

paratively near together, and the separate in order that the difference of potential be-

couples relatively far apart, 80 that the re· tween one electrode of one couple and the

sistance between one electrode of one couple same electrode of the ne3:t couple may bo high -

...._ 40 and the same efectrode of the next couple is compared with the di.trereoce of potential be- 90 - - - - •

very much greater than the resistance be- tween the two electrodes of the same couple.

tween the two electro<les of the same couples, Similarly,the end couples of the battery should

and consequently the short-circuiting e.trect is be so far apart with reference to the resistance

reduced comparativelyto nothing.

ofthe working-circuit that the resistance be·

45 lly invention is illustrated in the accom- tween them through the earth is great com- 95

panying drawings, Figure 1 representing my pared with the resistance of the working-cir-

f ;..;;.1 ~

arrangement of electrodes in plan, and Fig. 2 cuit, so that the working-circuit will not be showing them in elevation bnried in the earth. short-circuited; or, to express it more accu-

so In my battery any electrodes may be used, rately, the eart.h-resista.nce between the end
--~~~~VIII--:----ll~ll~-r aud they may beof any desiredsize and shape; couples should be so high that the Call ofpo- 100

- - ~lll~·~l--1------IIIA¥JII~I

329,724

tential through it is great compared with the couples or elements are placed comparatively

fall through the working-circuit. This efft'Cii far apart;, whereby the short-circuiting efl'ect

is obtained by nu1king the distance between of the couples upon each other is avoided, and 10

s

the end cont>les correspondingly greater than that between adjacent couples-by arranging

an indefinitely high electro-motive force ob· tained.

the couples in a straight line, for example. 2. An earth-battery consisting of a number

By thus properly proportioning the resistance of conplea or elements composed of sheet·
between the couples to the circuit-resistance. electrodes rolled up in a spiral form and buried zs

and internal resistnnceoCtheconples,theshort· in the earth and connected in series, the

10 circuiting eft"eet may be reduced more or less coaples beiug arranged comparatively far

to an insignificant amonnt, and any desired apart, whereby the short-circuiting etrect of

electro·motive force obtained from the bo.ttery. the couples upon each other is avoided.

I claim as my invention-

June 12, 1885.

1. An earth-battery consisting of a number

GEORGE F. DIECKMANN.

15 of couples or elements buried in the ea1·th and Witnesses:

connected in series, the two electrodes of each

FIUNCIS B. CROCXEn,

couple being placed near together, ~bile the

CHAS. J. M.\GUIRE.

- - ~11r~r~--------111~11~11

-l~llli\..'%11
No. 192,S5S.

~~~11~-1 S. J. K. BEAtt~·
'l'ELEGRAPltiC CIRCUIT.

:.-_;•~i~t

:1 l' a. t ent ed J u1y 10, 18 77

.

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J':.
~-=
JP'NITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

t•lit.:
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tf·

S fl'.(E 0 N J. M. B E A R, 0 F M IT C H E L L, I 0 W A.

IMPROVEMENT IN TELEGRAPHIC CIRCUITS.

Specification lorming part of Letters Patent No. 192,8~6, dated July 10, 1817; application tiled October 6, 167G.

f·ro all 1chom it may concern:

:~ Be it known that I, SOIEON J. M. BEAR, of

i:c-~ llitchell, in the county of liitchell aml State

-_ of 10\ra, haf'e iu,·ented au Iwpro~emeut iu

Telegraphic Circuits, of which the following

, is a speciticatiou :

This iuf'eution is made for employing a non-

- in.;nl;lted comluctor, such as a gas-pipe or

. wire laitl in the earth or in water, for conf'ey-

.· ing tile electl'ic pulsations from one station to

.. anotiler without the use of any return-circuit

··· connection e~cept that aftorded by the earth

{' itselt~ This iwpro"f'ement I designate the

:: "tt!rraqueous telegraph."

__ In the anne~ed diagram these circuit-con·

~-~- nectious are represented.
tS:: Tile maiu battery M B is provided with a metal~ic connection passing from the zinc or
t -n~gatn·e pole throu~h the key K to the wire,

3, pape, railway-bar, or otller continuous metallic

~-.connection, E, to the distant station, where tue

~ !tlay or receif'ing instrument R is connected
i-·. li1 such metallic circuit, and also to a copper
~: plate, c, that is buried in the earth. The

~~ copper pole of the main battery l\I B is also

;':;· counected to the earth by a zinc plate, either

3- naked, immersed in acid, or a solution of sol·

f
{-:

Pha.te ~f barted m

zinc in a the earth

poor riomumserc~uepd,

and these are in water npon

~ the earth.

.

~~;·-·

'I~ile wire, pipe, or other ta.lhc c!>nnection, E, should

non-insulated me· be ofzinc or coated

!=~·; 1\"Ith zmc, or of the same polarity as the zinc,

in order that the whole of the electric current may not return from the main battery di·
rectly through the earth and through E to the battery, but a portion \rill pass to the copper element cat the distant station, in consequence of the electric repulsion of the conductor E, and the resistance offered in passing from the buried zinc plate :: to the negative pole of the battery; hence sufficient of the current will pass to and return from the buried copper
plate cat the distant station to record themessage in thP L'eceh·ing-instrument R.
By reversing the connections to the main battery and using a copper wire at E, ~ul­ phate of copper or a coppet· plate at ::, ancl a zinc plate at c at the distant station, th~ electric current will flow in the opposite direction, as the currents from like metals repel and fiow to the metal of opposite polarity at the dis·
tant station. 1 claim as my in"f'entionA telegraphic circuit composed of a main
battery connected to the earth, a non-insulated conductor to the distant station, of metal of the same polarity a~ the pole of the battery to which it is connected, and a plate buried at the distant station of opposite po-
larity, substantially as set forth. Signed by me this 7th day of ~Iay, 1875. S. J. 1\I. BEAR.
Witnesses: D. LINDSLEY, F. VAN HoosER.

--~11~1

- I W. ~. lll~r

- - l~ll~"'hll--1------III~VLAJII~I (No Model.) W. W. JACQUES.

Electric Circuit.

No. 241,371.

··.
Patented M ay 10, 1881. .~ -~~ -~z1 -~~ ..~- J:• ,~ .~~ ~.,y

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Ill PETtlllo. ""'*'~·

D. C.

- · - I~II~•AJI---1-----II~%JII~Il UNITED STATES. PATENT \

WILLI..!.)l W. JACQUES, OF BOSTOY, ~IASSACHUSETTS.

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT.

.·.·.·.·
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 241,371, dated May 10, 1881.

A.pplleatioa ~le~_l(ar~h 25, U!tU. (~o model.)

I To all zclton& it 111,ay concern: ··

encl of the distnrl>etl region. The equal and

r. Be it known that \YILLI"-lf \V. J A.CQUES, opposite impulses will pro<luce no effect by in-

of Boston, county of Sntfolk, and State of tinction npon n. neighboring wire equally ex-

liassacbusetts, ba\·c irH"entetl a ue\v anti usc- posed to both, ancl consequently the transmis- 55

5

ful the

Impro,·ement in Electric Circuits, of \l"hich following clescription, in connection with

::sion of ml.!ssages on~r the line will produce no di~tarbance, aUll llw transmitting -apparatus

the accompanying dr.1wing, is a specification. is of such nature that eqnal ancl similar im-

i\Iy irn·ention relates to au electric circuit or pnlsl~S in the two wires (such as produced by

arrangement of conductors and other appara- if!duction from a. neigbbodng wire) willnotim- 6o

1c tns, as hereinafter described, .forming a con- part any impulse to tbe single wires outside or

tinuous line of communication tor the trans- , the dist.url.Jed region.

mis~ion of electric impulses, aml bas for it~ 1 Thctransrnittingapparc.ttus consists of aeon-.

object to pre\'"eut iuclncti\'"e disturbances fl·orn 1 tlenser system which may corn·enieutly be de-
neighboring parallel lines, and is especially j scribed as consisting of twocomlensersof com- 65

15 intended to be used where the line is exposetl lrnon constrnc!tion, one coating of one of th~

to disturbing influence only tor one or more saill con<lense1·s being connected with tbe sin-

lletachetl portions of its length not starting · gle line, arul the other coating connected with

from either terminal thereof.

one \\"ire of thn double line tra,ersiug the ex-

The indnctiYe clisturl>ances lHL\·e been nen· posecl region, mul alsocomwetetl with one coat- 70

~o tralize<l eflecth·ely by a plan in\'"oh·ing the use ing of the other condenser, the otller coating

of a circuit wholly metallic in the region ex· of which is connected with the other wire of

posed to inducth·e disturbance, ancl in ot·der the uouble line.

to make a coUJplete operati\e circuit the sn.icl The arrnngem<'nt of wires ot·couductors ~\nd

metallic or double-wire circuit has to be ex- condensers is illnstratetl in the dra"·ing, in 75

25 tended from one terminal station thron~h all which the hea,·y signs aml arrows sho\~ how

the e~posell regions, at the end of which one an electric impulse produced at one end of the

wire may be grounded and the other extended line proclnce~ a similar impul:\e at the other

onto the other terminal station ancl tllerc end, anti the light arrows and signs sl,on·ing

groundet.l, or, by another plan, suitable appa- the manner iu \l"hich similar impnlses in the So

30 ratus is employed to tmn~mit the electrical 1, two wires, such as pt·odncelll>y indnction from

irnpulses from a single wire o1· grounded cir· 1 a neighboring wire in the l'Xposed region, are

cuit to a double wire or metallic circuit trav- neutralized in their action on the single wire, ·

ersiug the

<listurbed region,

and

f1·om

this

1
1

thus

proclucing

no

effect

therein.

again to a grounded circuit, as shown aml tle·j The main line 2 is groundecl at the terminal

Ss

I 35 scribed in the Patent No. 232,788, dated Sep- station A, where it passes through the teletewber 28, 1880, to which reference may bl~ phoueT,ot·otherin~trumeutfot·producingelec­

had, in \l"hicll imluctiou-coils were employeeI trical impulses, ami thence pas:3es to the region
to transmit tl..ae impulses from OIIP. circuit to I e~pose<l to inducti\·e uisturbance, which may

another.

•

be, for example, tra\ersetl by a cable inclml- go

40 In the present iu,·ention two separate insn- iug sC\·eral wires. 'rhe line-wire 2 is therecon-

latell wires arc employetl in the disturbed re- nected with one of the coatings or series of

gion, aml single wires are employed ontsitle of plates p of a condenser apparatus, U, the other

the said region, and suitable transmittiug ap- coating, n, of wbicll is connected \rith a line,

paratus, as hereinafter described, is interposed 3, tr~n·ersing tuo distnrbe'l region, and also 95

45 l>etween the single allll double wil·e portions of with another coating, n', arranged to act on

tho entire line by which nn electric impulse in still another coating, p', connected with an-

tile singlt~ wire will impart substantiallyeqnal other line, 4, tr:n-ersing the espose<l region,

ancl opposite impulses to the two wires in the aucl insulated from the wir-e 3 aud otucr par-

~istnrbecl region,mul these equal and opposite allel conductors. 'rhe wirl's :J -l: will be twisted ;c.o

. 5° t~pnlses in tlle two wires will again impart a together ot· otherwise arran~ecl so that tl.ae

smgle impnlse to the single wire at the other mean or an•rage distance of each from any

- - ~llrU~II--------IIW•~lii~F

- - I~IIIN'hJII--------11~~11~1 2

neighborin-g conductor is the same, aml they 3 4, the direction or polarity of \Thicb

are connected at their other ends with the coat- pend on the polarity of the current in

ings P' N of a condenser apparatus C' simi- turbing line and whether the charge is

- Iar to the one C already described. The coat- ing or decreasing at a gh·cn point. ,If 5 ing ~is connected with another coating, :N'', currents be such as represented by the
affected by the coating P' connected with the rows at a-that is, posith·e curreuts a u~:rn::~•~ wire 3 and a coating, P, under the iuductif'e I the comlenser apparatus C-th~y will
influence of the coating :N is connected with plates lJ' and 1t charged with uerrat'h'l;·<~~e1~·.1!.!,....,.
the line 5 leading toward the other terminal tricity, and that in· the plate B' ~cts on

to station, B, where it is grounded after passing plate n' to produce posith·e electricity in

through the instrument T'. The coatings :N 'S' and n. n' may be consid-

plate n', which
in the coating

ut-ntralizes the nerrath·e n, so that no effect is

cua~~

ered as two portions of the same set of con- in the coating p and line:!. In a sirn

nected surfaces, and it is ob,·ious that a. single ner the currents represeuted by the a

x5 condenser of ordinary construction may be em- b produce unlike charges in the coatilws
e., ployed, btning a portion of one set of lea~es- which nentralize one another, so that 1~0
i. p-connected \Tith line 2, and the rest of is produced iu the line 5.
e., that set-i. p'-counected with the line 4; It is obYious that tilere mig·ht be t\\"O

I while the ''"bole other set, n n', is con nectetl more exposed portions of the line pro,·icled

20 with the line 3.

double wires aml suitable cotHlenser

The operation in transmitting an nnpnl:-;e tus, aml that the line may ue emp

I from one station to another, as from .A to B, transmit or reproduce any kind of~ariable
is as foliO\l"S, the cm·reuts ueing imlicatetl by clulatory~ orintermittent impulses, ~uch as'

zs the heat':)'" arrows which represent posith·e phonic or ma~ncto-electric currents procl electricity: A. positiYe impulse or current gen- 1 by any suitn.hl~ generator.

I .

era.ted by ing p with

tphoesiitnhs·tereulmecetnritcTityc,haanrdgetshit~h,

e coatin the

I claim1. In a. line of electric corumnnicatiun,

I well-known manner, acts on the coating n to single wire or cotHluctor atHl clonble wire
charge it with negath·e electricity \l"hich has conductorcomhined with condeuserapp:u·atn.1,

30 to be drawn from tile line 3, the electricity of the coatings of w·hich arc co1mect•;d with tbo·

which is decomposed, the posith·e a.s indicated by the arrow, to the

'being sent, coating P',

I

saitl conductors, as described, wllerehy an ha. pnlse or cnrreut in the siug-lc wire \rill prounce

which it charges po~ith·ely, as im1icatetl 'by ecptal <1llc.l opposite impulses in ti.Jc two wires
the he~wy sign +· The twgatif'e electricity of the donl>le comlnctor, aml e(]nal and oppo-

35 drawn to the coating 11 will also charge tile site impnl~cs iu the double couductor will p~
connected coating u', and. til is in actin~ on the dnce a .single impulse in tile single collllnctor,

coating p' will c.lra''" a charge of positi\·e elec- and equal and similar impulses in the tlonble

tricity trom the line 4, as indicated hy the conunctor will produce uo effect in the sin214tr·~il

bea,·y arrow, and will send the negath·e elec- conductor, substantially as described.

40 tricity to charge the coating N, tllis effect be- 2. The single wire and double wire com

ing also increasefl by the action of the coating witll the condenser, haYing one set of CO:lltin:S-1
I p' on tile oue 'S' couuected with the one :Y. oonnt.~ctecl with the said. siugle wirt, nnu a
The negatin~ charge on the plate X attracts a. tion of a second set of coatings atleet~tl there-

charge of posith·e electricity from the cartil by connected with one of the tlonl>lc wtrcs, and

45 through the line ;'j ancl instrument T' thPrein. as indicated l>y the arrow. _-\ uegath·c im-

a. third set of coating~ afti•detl hy tl1~ otb~r portion of the saitl secoud set and connc~ted

pulse produced at T \l"ill, in like manner, be with the other ouc of the said tlonulc 'n

reproduced at T', and impul~es prouuced at T' substantially as aud for the purpose set

so will be reproduced at T, and iu the trausmis- In testimony whereof I Ila\"'e signed my sion equal and opposite currcuts or impulses tu this specification iu tlw presence of two :sllu~~I'JI

will be produced in the lines 3 4, which will
I just balance and neutralize one another as far

scribing

witness\eYsI.LLI.:\.~[

"~·

• • .J ACQU hS.

I as any effect on neighboring lines is concerned. 'Yi tnesse~:

An impulse in any neighboring line, as D, \Till

.Tos. P. LIYER.:\IORE,

55 produce, byimlnction, like currents in tile wires

BER:'iiCE .T. NoYES.

- - ~11r~11---------IIW..~.lll~l

- - ~~~~~~~~·-------•I~W~II~I D. DRAWBAUGH. Earth-Battery for Electric-Clocks.

No. 211,322.

Patented Jan. 14, 1879..

~U,.1.
v.

L
UJi'Cne.sses:
~.//6. ~ea-f/vL.
/3/dif4-~~
- - ~IIJ~~II---------11~11~

ITNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

fi·· ·
t·

D.A~SSIIllE~ELGrrETDHER,LAO,,YOF BF:\ASIEUIICGEPHIIH,llEOiCRFDSESllBTuOERU\GVL,:YN.',ASP~ED)!~IJ~LASL.ClS.O, ~D.YA.l.AlS..S:SGII.RG..l~I,SOORSSI:TESO-GFEOTHTH:EnRO"T'DHDOTJROAECEOGARB.CIHSE-...

- ..-·;.
~, #.• IMPROVEMENT IN EARTH-BATTERIES FOR ELECTRIC CLOCKS.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent Xo. 211,322, uatcd January 14~ le79; application filctl September ~0, le7A.

To all 1c-lwm it may cmzcenr,:

In theaccompanyingllrawing,Fignre1 repre-

Be it known that I, D.\.~mL DR.\.wn~\.rGrr, sents a. front elen1tion of the skeleton ofc.l Yase-

of Ei>erly~s :\Iills, county of Cuml>erlaml, aml elock, the Yase, train of whe~ls, tlial, and ha.uds

Stnte of Pennsyh·ania, lnn·e iln-ented an Im- · being omitted. Fig;. !! represents a top view

-pro,·ement in Earth-Batteries, ofwltic~h the fol- of the same. Fig. 3 repre~euts a sectional view

lowing is a. full, clear, anll exact description, of a bracket, from which the actuating mech-

reference being luul to theaccompanyingllraw- ani:;m of the clock is snsvended. Fig. 4 rep-

ing·s, makiug a part of this specitication.

resents a bracl~et, on which the electrie bral~e

au The nntnre of mY inn~ntion is brietlv stated is loeatetl. Figs. ;j antl u represent the ziuc
to he an earth-battery cousisting of elec- antl the copper plates, respecth·ery, shown pro-

trie couple of plates of opposite electric prop- tee tell by coatings, a:-: in my imprO\-etl earth-

erties~ peculiarly protectetl by certain other battery. Fi~. 7 repre:-;cnt:; au edge Yiew or the

substance~, mul preparccl as a new article of subjects ot' Fig~. 3 ami-!, aml sections of clock-

umnnfacture 1,,,. ha,·ing saicl prot~ctiug :-;ub- standard and suspenders of magnets.

stances applied tixctlly to :mill plates by auy Theskeleton-clockah•n·e referred to is herein

snitablo mlhcsh·e.

c.Jescrihed only in part. as it is hl•rewith con-

The nldt·ct of my iuYcntion is to prodclc a. nected merely as an illustration of the appli-

suitable mean:o; to procure mul apply to u:-oe cation ancl n:sc of my impron~uwnt in earth-

natin! electricity from the earth to replenish batteries, it being rescr,·e<l for a more complete

})erm<utent magnets at inter,·als between times specification in a separate application tor pat-

of their engagement-as parts of motor mecll- ent., hereafter to uc m~ule.

auism employed to run clocks, sewing-ma- Said copper ami zinc plates 0 1and 0 2, respect·

chines, or other machinery-said magnets be- h·ely, are pro,·itled with insulated conductors

ing thus kept saturated with the electricity dc- Y y::, respecth·ely, which arc joined to saitl

l'iYetl from the earth to a maximum (legrec, or plates by solllering; anu they are connected at

to a degree abo,·e the power required to run their other extremities. ln· tile binders K lt

any gh·en motor.

K.' It', with conductors oit tlie untler side of base

In the accompanyingdrawings, 0 1represents A, anll on tile rear side of uprights N with the

vz, a copper plate, coated by a layer of powderetl electro-magnet Q Q' by conductors m n, sahl
coke, forming an enYcloping-body, thereon, electro-magnet being a part of my eartll-bat·

anll fi~etl thereon by any suitable adhesive; tery, and it is suspendetlby ro<li> from bracket

and 0:· represents a zinc plate, coated or co\·· B, to which it is alljustably connected by the

ered by a layer of felt, v:~, or any texture formeu tlnunb-nuts tt' on opposite sides of the frame E.

·Of hai_r, wool, or of other animal matter, stuck ::\I represents a permanent magnet, snell as

on smu plate by any suitable adllesi ,-e. Said it is the object of my eartll-l>attery to supply

plates are pro,·itled with said coats Y 2 andy;.; witll magnetism at inten·als of its engagement.

respectiYcly, for two purposes-first, to form Said permanent magnet has its poles z car-

cfi'cctual connection between the plates aml ranged to vibrate horizoutally by or past the

the earth in snell manner that the plates ma.y I>oles of electro-magnet Q Q', and it is mounted

be protected against oxidation and consequent centrally in the balance-wlteel L, to the hub o_t'

corrosion and chang-e of constitution; second, which it is adjnstably clampctl by screw''.

that said plates may be a complete new arti- Said bahl.uce-wheel Land magnet .Mare unit-

cle of manufacture, haxing their adllerent sub- edly suspended by a thin strip of spring-steel,

stances fixedly nttachetl to them, as stated, so C, on bracket B, and therefore they arc allowetl

that they need only be embedded iu the earth limited vibration, actuatetl by tile power of at·

t? be ready for usc when the battery-counec- traction and repulsion of the magnets l\1 and t~ons are made with any suitable train it is de· Q Q', said steel strip or ribbon of steel C acting

Signed to moYe,

as a torsion-spring to limit the viura,tion. A

- - -
~11r~11--------IIW..~. II~F

- - ~~~~~·hill------·~~~~~~~ 2

rod, D, also connected with balance-wheel hub fore, insures the permanence of the natural

L', loosely passes through bracket B, and has magnet as. a regular power in a motor, an<l it

firmly fi::ted on its top the cross-head g, which may be successfully applied to clocks, sewing-

is pro'"'ided with the pins d d thereon, by which machine motors, and other machinery. The

the pallets p p are belc.l balanced on sai<l cross- clock in the accompanying drawing suggests

head, and are actuatell thereby while it vibrates by its form how it may be usell on vessels a.t

or rocks to moYe the ratchet-wheel H, which sea, as the battery may also be employed in

my. rna~- mo\e any suitable clock-train mounted water.

on base-plate Z.

Having thus fu1ly and clearly described

On bracket S a pi\oted plate, R G, is ap- invention, what I regarll as new and useful,

plie<l di'"'idedly to the eccentric part f on rod and what I desire to secure by Letters Patent

. D, ~n such manner that the del"'ice acts as an of the "t""nite<l States, is embrace<l in the fol- ·

electric-circuit opener aud closer alternately lowing claims:

.

at every fo~ward aml backward stroke of the 1. As a new article of manufacture, an earth-

balance-wheel L.

battery or couple composed of a copper ancl a

·. The object of the last-describe<l device is to zinc plate, both protected ti::tedly by en\elop-

complete the circuit from the earth through the ing bodies of coke and felt, respecth·ely, or of

electro-magnet Q Q' at eYery return. stroli:e of equh·alent substances, applied lJy adhesh·es to

said wheel L, and thus reJlleJlish the pernmnent saitl plates, ready made tor use, in the manner

magnet :\I at the interYals· when repulsion of and for the purpose substantially as set forth.

the poles of the magnets is occurring.

~. The earth-battery or electric couple com-

It is well known that when permanent mag- posetl of the coppet· plate 0 1, thec:lly protected
nets are being used i.n attracting ancl repelling by coating of coke V2, anll the zinc plate o::,

while actuating parts of machinery in motors fixedly protected by coating of telt YJ, or saitl

they gradually lose their maximumofmugnetic plates fixedly protected lJy eqnh·alent SHU-

power, being successin!ly more and more de- stances, iu combination, by conductors, with a

pleted or robbed at eYery stroke or pass of the permanent 'magnet in a motor-train, for replen-

... impelled mec£1anism, and therefore the motor ishing said magnet with electricity from the

· l.iecomes unreliable in all sittiations where uni- earth through an electro-magnet, Q Q', sub-

formityofmotionisrequiretl. To pre,·ent such stantial!\· as set forth. •exhau:-;tetl or impaired condition of snell mag- In testimony that I claim tile foregoing a~

uct.i I e-mploy my improYetl eaith- battery, my inYeution I have hereunto set my haml

coupletl in suitable manner with an electro-mag- this l~th day of September, 1878.

net, at·ranged iu propet· proximity to such per-

D ..:\.~IEL DR..:\.,VB..:\UGU.

manent magnet to supply it constant!~· to satu- .Attest:

ration with electricity or natin~ magnetic intln-

TnEormLL"S WE.A.VER,

ence from the earth. ::\fy impro,·ement, there-

PETER Srt:cKEY.

- - ~~~~~~--------IIWA~II~

- - l~ll~"'hll.l------·~~~~~~~ W. D. SNOW

Earth-Batteries for Generating Electricity •.

·No.155,209.

Patented Sept. 22,1874••

- - ~~~~~11------IIJ¥'.&.~111~

- - 1~11~1---1----11~~~~~~~ . UNITED ST~~TES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLlDl D. SXOW, OF BROOKLY~, NEW YORK. IMPROVEMENT IN EARTH-BATTERIES FOR GENERATING ELECTRICITY.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 133,209, dated September ~2, 1874; application tiled June 6, 1874.

To allzrlwm it may concern;

use to '_V_hich the electric current is to be ap-

Be it known tiln.t I, ".ILLIJ..:\I D. SNoW, of plietl.

Brooklyn~ in tile State of ~ew York, ha\"'e in· Some attempts ha\"'e been made to use

Yeuretl a, certain Impro.\emeut in Earth-Bat- earth-batteries tor \"'arious purposes. Such

teries for Electro.)Iaguetic ...-\.larms, &c.; ami earth-batteries were mntle by simply burying

I {lo llereby declare the following to be a full a single set of elements in the earth, anti

nntl correct description of the same, reference pro,ed of little or no practical ,-alue, ou ac-

being hall to tile accompan)·ing drawing, count of the \·err feeble intensity of the cur-

wllicll represents a series of electro-magnetic rent generated. I ilaYe discoV'ered~ howe,·er,

si;;naliug or ;:tlarm apparatus )llacetl in a that if n. series of elements be used in the

bouse mul operated by a current deriYed from earth~ coupletl together so as to form an eartll-

an earth-battery, as hereinafter more fully set battery of any requiretl size, this objection is

forth.

obviated, aiUl a constant current of consider-

The olJject of my in,·ention is to avoid the able intensity is obtained, capable of opet·at-

employment of artiticial electric batteries tor ing steadily quite an a.wonnt of apparatus.

tlu~ purpo:;es of house-signaling-, tire antl bur- ln tlle urawing, A.. and B ma.rk two series

g-lar alarms, and for the operation of other cir- of electrodes, which may be of zinc auu car-

cuits.

bon, as marked C and Z, burietl in the earth

In tlle common systems employed for these under the house in wllich the circuit is to be

purposes a local or house battery is employed, used, the wire tl lJeing a connection between

requiring to be kept iu wGrldng order by the the dissimilar elements of tlle two series; U

occupaurs of the building iu wllicll it is placed, D, the wires for conuuctiug the current. which

who are usually entirely ignorant of its struct- ma.y be made to complete the circuit by pass-

ure and uses; or else the street line of wires ing through E, an automatic thermostat; F,

is carried into the house, aml thus subjt~cted a repeater, connected with the street-wires J

to all the contingencies to wllich the house it- J; G, an annunciator; H, a fire-annihilator; or

self is liable.

I, a signal-writing-bar apparatus, eitller one

I ob,·iate the trouble, annoyance, and dan- or more of these, each operatetl by the cur-

g·er to public safety incident to the systems rent in any of the usual mode8.

referred to, by employing the current from an 'Vhat 1 claim is-

eartll-bnttery witllout the inten·ention of any 1. The improved earth-battery, consisting of

cups or vess(.lls containing aGids or other a series of elements buried in the earth aml

agents for the decomposition of zinc or other connected together to tor!n a battery, sub-

m~tals, commonly calletl n. "battery." This I stautia.lly as and tor the purposes set forth.

~ffect by making use of an earth- battery 2. The combination of two or more electric

formed by burying the electrodes in the eartll currents or circuits, when one of these is a

UIH.ler the house at the depth of permanent current derivetl from an earth-battery, sub·

moisture, so tllat the action of the dampness stantially as described, and is employed to op-

of the earth upon the plates will develop a erate the other or others.

sufficient permanent current for the required The above specification of my said in\"'an·

purposes. From these buried plates I rt\n a tion signed and witness~d at "\\""ashington

,V. telegraphic circuit in the house to connect this 30th day of l\Iay, A. D. 1Si4.

with thermostats, signaling apparatus, fire '\Yitnesses: .

D. S~OW.

and other alarms, annunciators, gas·lighters, . ,Y.P.BELL,

.

or repeaters, according to the nature of the

CHas. F. Sl'.\.."'ISDURY.

-- - -
~llfU~II--------IIJY~~II~f

Clfo Model.)

-

fit-Rd~,ft-uook~ieza J3,y~~~ A llorr;cys.
- •

-

UNITED STATES .pATENT OFFICE.

NATIIAX H. STUJlllf~EFIET~T>, 01·" MlTHRAY, KENTUCKY, A~ST<:XOH OJ•" ONEHAT~I·, TO ""'IT~LI.A)( G. T..OYJt~, 01., S.A1\IJ4~ PT...ACK
ELECTRICAL BATTERY.

SPECIFICATION tormmg parl of Letters Patent No. 600,467, dRted March 8, 1898. Applleatloalled Oetobtr U, '89ft• .Serfallfo. 609,969. Clfo model.1

To aJZ lul,om, it m,ay concc1"1r,: · .

h"reinn(fcr more rnlly de!itm·ihc•cl, iltn~f.t•:tt('cl,

-

Jlo it known thnt 1, NATIIAN Jl. STt7Jml.F!· J.~uo:r~n, a cltl7.en or f.ho United 8tntc~, rcsiclln:;:
at l\htrrny, in tho county or Calloway nnd 5 :-it.ato of 1\cntucky, )Jn\·e inYcnted n new :uul
uscful.J~Icctrical HntterY, oC which the Collowing is a S}leciflcntion."'
This bn·cntion rr.latcs to clcctricnl bat.-

nncl clnimcd. In tho drnwing!', Figure 1 i~ a siclc elc•,·a-
ss - lion or :111 t")ec~tricnl hnttery eonsf l'tH•tecl in
nccordnnce with thi~ inn~nt.ion. Fi~. ~ i~ n ccntr:tllon~itnclin:tlseetionnl \"it•woCtheh:tttery, ~howiitg the~nme imnu·•~etl in w:tfer· :t-; the t'lct~lrolytc. Fig. :J i:-. nn t'nl:u'f!P•l ~ec­

--

terics; nnd it hm11 Cor its object to pmvitlc n tionnl ,·iew oC a pm·tion of tlw hatr•••-r, ~huw- lio

ro no,·cl nnd tn·:tctit"al hnttery Cor gcncntting ing mm·c c·lc~:ll'ly tlu~ nuannet· nf wiJuliu~ tht'

clectricalcurrentsoC RufficientCorce Corpraf•- \"ollnic <'onplr. u.r, in nthc•r wm·cl~, tlw wiJ·r·~

tical m~e, nn<l nlso }Jro\·itling means Cor gen- comprbdng the con piP. Fi~. I is :t n••·lic•:tl cmting not only a con~tnnt 1,rimarycurrcnt, ~cctionnl \·icwor tlw lmttm·y, .;hnwn muclilic•cl

but nlso nn indu~ctl momentary R~eonclnry Cnr II!'CC with :ua inchH•tiotH·nil.

15 current.

.

HcCct•ring tu the 1\('f'UIIl(t:lfl)"ill;! clr·nwin:.:~,

It is well known thnt ir may \"ollni•• c•onple t.Jao nnmrt·nl 1 clc·~i:,:u:tff'~ :t l"nff·it·un •·ut·c•-

l.Jo lmmet-sed in wnter or plnced In moist. enrt.h pic~o cxfcncling lon~it.ncliuall,\· of the.• ~utir·c~

tho }losith·o clement or t.ho r.onJlle will nn- bnftf't'Y :tn•l JH't'f.. r·ahl,\· in 1h•• form nf :t ht~ll

o( tlct·go ngnh·nnicnction oC sunicicnt intensit-r h:t\"ing nt one ('lltl :t nut.:!, which Ju.•r·mits or 70
20 to })rochico 1\ CUrrent when the tcrminnls the }l:ll'fR n( tlu• h:tt1f't'Y hein:,t l'(':ttlily :l~~HIII· tho coulllo nro bt·ought, in cont.nct, nml this hlecl togclltct· nncl :al~o •tnilc :a~ t·e:ulily taken

form oC buttery is commonly kno"'·n ns the npnrt Cm· the pm·pos('!-4 ur t't'pait·, n~ will he•

"wnt.er" battery, ustt:lllyemtJioyetl Corchnrg- readily unclt~t~l oocl. The cent 1':11 Jongitncli-

ing electrometers, but not CR}):tbJc O( gi\·ing 11:\Jl.)"-Rrrnngctl C!HI't'·piece l or the h:tf let•y h:t~ 75

25 an:· .;;.vmn<lernhle ctn·rent O\Ving to their ~trent remo\·nbly fittt'«l on the opposite t'ncl~ t het·eor

internal resistnncc. Now th~ principle in- t.he opr·,·~itei~·-Jocafcderul hr.:ttl!i ;;, conliuin~

-

\"oh·c<l in this clm~s of bnttcrics is utiF tecl to some extent in cnrrying out the 1n·cscnt in\"<mtion, but I contcmtllntc, in connection 30 with l\'ater or moisture n~ the electrolyte, the usc of n no\·el \·oltnie couple conslrnctccl in
Huch 1\ manner ns to greatly multi[Jiy or in-

therr.hctwet"n the mngnctic coil-hml~· ·~ nr the• hnttory, ~ni•l hcncl~ :llu•ing ur woml m· ('c{ltirn-
lent materinl. 'l'hec•oil-hmly 4 or the battery So i~ compactly rorme•l by clm;eJ~·-wcimHl c!ni1~ of 1\ copper ancl h·cm wit·~ ;j nncl fi, t't'~per~· th·cly, which wirc!i fm·m t.lu~ elect r(lde~ nf the

--

crenso t11celectrical output of ordinary voltaic voltaic conple,:nul while nece~!'t:trily in:-.nlntc~cl
cells, whilo nt the snmo timo proc.lncing in op- Crom cnch other, so ns to lut\'O no met1tl1i~ Ss

35 crntion n mngnetic fleltl having n. ~nfficient.Jy contact., nre preret·nhly wunncl in the m:tmu•r
or strong imlucth·e effect to induce n current in clearly illu~trntcd in Fi~. :1 the tlt·nwin~~.

n solenoicl or scconclnry coil.

In tho prcCt'rrecl wituling of the wit·~~ 5 nmt

'l'o this entl the invention contemplates n r, tho copper wh·c 5 i~ incasecl in nn immtat-

form oC \'Oit:tiC bnttery Jtn\·ing magnetic in- ing-Co\·cring 7, white the iJ·on wiJ·o lj i~ ft. h:l.l'~ 90

or 40 cluction }U'O}Jerties O( Htlfficicnt inten~ity, RO 01' 11:\kccl wire, !itO tl~ to hn lllOI'r. CXpo~ecJ f.o
t\S to UO C:t}l:thlo o( Utilization fot• pr:tcti<.':l.l the action the CIPCtl'fJJ\·fcl :tllfl :tf. lht• ~:tlllfl purposes, nnd in the nccomplislunent uC the time to intcnRify tho m:i:.pwlic! field that. i~

or •·esults sought Cor the invention Ctll'thel' pt·o- cre:Ltecl nntl mnint.ainecl within nnd nt·otJncl

Yitles a CIJIIStl'llCtion of battery cnp:tlJle

tho coil-hfl(l.r 4-, whc.•n the lmt.lCJ"Y is ill Of't'l'· ?5

45 }lrOdllCing 1\ Clll'l'ellt Of fJI'aCtiC:tlJy COil~tanf; :ttion RIICl prmlU<.'ill:,t an t•1c.•t•f l"ic•:tf f'IJITI'Itl .

clcct•·omoth·eCot·co nnllbeingpt·nctic.•nlly!t·co \Vhile the iron wire li i:-. pt·efemhly h:trl' or·

of tho rnpid polnrizntion common in nil gnl- nnked Cm· the •·enson!i slat.ecl, this wir·c• mar

\'nnic or \'oltaic hattcric~.

nh;o be insulnte<l wit.hout tft~st.royin~ t Jw op-

-

so "rith the~c nn<l many other objects in vie\v ernth·eness of the haltcry, nncl in ol'clet· to Sf.'· 1 oo tho invention consists in the novel const.....uc- cure t.he best results tho wires ;; nml fi nrc

-

~~~I=n:i~n~r~m~C;·n·s,w;u~d~s~~:h=:r~ ~~

-
--

tho windings, ns t.·l~nrly shown In J.•ig. :J or prinutry current. JH"o11llcf'cl within the t•nil I i~
nr tho drnwin~rs, ~o thnt in euch coil or layer or maflc hetwccn the tt'l"lllinnlM :mi•l t•oil -t. It

t.ho whulinbrs there will be alternate con\·oln- will t hcrcCore hC' ~C'<.'II t h:t t. t h•• <'nll~tJ·nf'fiun

tions or tho copper nnd iron Wii"<'R forming nr the lmUt>t·y illu~tralt•cl in Fi:.r. -1 i!o\ tmwti- 7o

5 tho Yoltaic ~ouple, llllll it will oC r•onrse be t•ally n sc.•lf-gf'nC'ratin:,r inchwtim~·<·oil, :lllcl it
or understood that t.here mny he nny number of f!:tll he n~ecl fm: {'\"('I"~· Jltii'JtflSt' tJmt :l f•oil

Reparnto coils oa· lnyerl't or the wires nccorcl- t hi~ ch:u·acte1· is nst'cl, fur-:ts lnn;r ns t lw cui J.

ing to the re,Jtlire(l size nnd cnpneity oC the bculy -1 is W(~f. ot• tl:t 111 p with moist 111'1' <.'l<.'(•t •·ic•

buttery. ]f;ncb coil or Inycr of the windin;..~ em·rr.nfR will he lli"Othtct.•tl in the mamw1· ''"· iS

10 is separated from the ndjncent coils or lnyel"s Rcrihrcl. It will nlso h<' nh\·iun~ t h:t t h\· r·t•n-

ur by nn interposed lnyer of cloth or c.tnh·ulcnt. ROU of the 111:\J!Ilf'tit: inclncl i\•n Jli"OJif!l'tif'M of
instdnting nuatf'rint ~. :uul n. similnr Jnyer the coil-hod.r 4 t hr. cm·c-piecn I will nccc•s-
n humlntingmnteriat alsosnrronndst.hc lnn~i­ ~n.rily ho mn;.rtwf.i7.ecl while 1\ <'UI"t"Pflf. is ~o­

tndinnl corc·IJicce 1 toinsnlntcfrom thiseore- in~ tht•ongh the boclr -l, ~.n that. t h~ h:tf l.l'I"Y So
rs piece thO inncrlllORt COil or Juyer•of the.wind· mny be tl!ietl ns n !II<.'I f-;.:cnl'l'n t.ing c~leeta·mn:tg­

inW~.

net, if so desired, it hein:,ruh~e•·,·e•l that to ~co­

'fhctcrminals toorthccoppCI·nrd iron wires cnt·c thi~ re~ult i~ sirnplr re•Inh·c•l connr.ct-

5 nnd t; are <liscon nected sons to prcscr\·e the ing the extcnclr.cl ter·minnl~ or the wit·cs ;) :wei

charneter or the wires ns the electrodes of the G tngethct· nftct· wctt in:.r m· clampcmin~ tlrf'• ::;5

2,:, \"oltnic couple; hut the other or remaining cnil-hocl \". fermi naiR of the wit"eR nrc lu·onght in contnct )( ~· n ,. ~)thcr us~s or t.lw ~~~··pj ll·f 1f'~(·t·ihrtl h:t f. through the interposition nr :my electricnl tery will sn~gr.~t t hem~<.'h·rs tn t hn~•~ ~k illec1

instrument orde\"i-.!r. with which they mny he in the nrt, nne} f will h:l\·e it. llllf1et~tnncl that

connected to t-ansc the electric current.s gen- any chnnge!4 in thr. form, pt·npnt·t.ion, ancl thC' 90

25 emted in the eoil-hody 4 to flow throngh such Jn in or tlet:tiJS of ('OIIStl'll<"f ion lll:t \" ht~ I'C~nr(Ct 1

infltrument or de,·iee.

to without drp:ll"ting fr·om tho ·pr·inripln ot·

or In the use nf the bntterT con!"tJ•uctc(l nR cle- !-lncrificing :my nf thr. :t•h·ant:t~f'~
be se~·ibecl the Rntne mny hmner.o;etl in n cell Yention.

tlti~ in-

or jar I , cont.nining wnter ns the electrolyte; Jln\·in~ thu~ clt·~c·•·ihl'tl th•! iu\·r.ntinn, what 9j

30 but it. is simply neceRsnry to lun·e the coil- is claimed, and tl<.'~it·t••l tn he ~l'f'tll'c.•tl hy T.ct •

body 4 moi~t to excite the ne<•e!'lsnry action teres Pnfent, il'l-

for the production nC a current in the couple, 1. A comhinccl elct•lt·ie:tl h:tltt'l'\" :m•lt•lc••·· nml it is nlso the c:ontemplntion or tho in\"C:m- tt·omngnrt., fut• n~c· with w:tfPt" as ":111 ,.,,,,.,,•.,.

or Uon t.o plnro thf' hnft••r·y in mni~t.c•nr·th, whic•h lyh•, c•umtH"hciug n ~nfl -it·uu c•ur·•··pic•c•c•, :uul n tnn
35 Alono bt Runlcient to pa·o,·idc thl' ncces~nry \'nltnic conplc• t.•nppcr· 111111 h·nn wh···~ in-

eJ~ctroJytic in ft llelll't' (or• Jn:od tH"i ng n11 elec· trtc current.•

sulnted (a·orn C:tch of hr.t• :tncl t•lo~eh· :tncl f'OIJI·
pnctly wcmrul t ''~et h<'l" in ~"tmra tt• imm Ia f ,.t(

It hns been rmuul th:tt by ren~on or wind- Jay<.'rs to )H"o•lnee :tl'inlicl coii-Ju,.Jy ~m·r·nmul-

ing t.hc conplo or cupper nncl iron wires into ing tho soft.iJ·on enrc-pit•t•c•, suhslanlially a~ 105

40 " coil-bocly the c!ut·rent t t·n,·er-sing tho wiucl- set (cwth.

inb~ or this hucly will Jtroduco 1\ magnetic ~- An el<.'cta·it•al hattcr·y fot· usr. with watf'J'

field within aucl :ll'omul tho hocly or suffi- :t~ :m elPdr·o)ytP ••ompd~in~ a ,-,Jtai•• ••mtpl••

ciently Hla·ong irulncti\·e effect Cot· J»r:tcticnl oC insulated coppc.•r· win~ a uri h:11·r• it·on wiJ·r~

Utili;•.ntion hy lllf':lll!'C o( 1\ ~oJnnoitl or ~('CCJIIf)- cln~•·h· Wutlllfl into a ••oil-luuh·, stth~tantiall\· 'ro

45 ary t.•oil 1~, ns illnstraf.<.'d in Fig. 4 or the n!i <lescrihe«<.

·

·

drnlving~.

a. An c.•lcell'ieal h:tltC'I'Y foJ' ll~f! with walc·r·

'rho solenoid or secondary coil 1:! is or nn a~ nn elcetrol~·tn · .. mpl'isiu~ a \"ollaiP <'nuplt!

ordinary conMtl'tiC't ion, comtn·iMing " wh·e or insulate•l copperan•l hare iron wir·c \\'0111111

clmmly \\"otlflcl into a coil or 1111\' desired size ~ido by.!ihlc in S<'lJ:tr:ttP in~nl:tt<'tl l:ty<'rl'i to 1 '5
so ou nn ortlinnry spool l:J nncl incnsecl within n prmlnce :t coil- hody, ~nhst:wfi:t11y :t~ •lc-

protet•fh·e cu,·cring 1-J. nr mien, cellnloicl, or scriht'cl.

e«JUh·nJeut mntca·inl. The spooll:J or the so- 4. An elc<.'tt·ic•:tl hat tcr·y, for u~c wit It wall' I'

lenoid or se<.'ontl:u·y coilma.r he cun\"<'lli<.'nt.ly n~ :m elect r·olytr~, compl'i~in~ :t \"oltait• f"ouph•

secm·ed uia·ectly on the exterim· of the coil- ha \'i ng if M ~t'(HII':t t e l'lee I rc ulc!~ ins n Ia t er1 ft·mu 110

55 body 4 between the lw:tcls :J with :t. s••itnhle e:tdt other ancl clo~cl.'· womul ira to a c•omp:wt.
Jnyet· oa· wrapping of insulating material Hi, r CUi f. bocly r01·m i ng :t Sl'l -~(.'llCI':l t i11:.! pJ'i lll:t I'Y

ir1tea·posecl bet ween the spool and the body 4, coil when moistened mul a solenoid ot· sc••·-

nml the terminals Hi of tin solenoid ot· sec- orulnry coil fi Uetl on tho coil- hotly of' t ""

ondary coil may he connected up with nrn· ('Onple, snb.st:wt ially ns set fn•·th.

1 :!j

6o instz·umcnt usually opet·ntcd hy second:u·)· Jn testimony that. I elaim thP fm·c•~oilll:!' :ts

currents-such, fm· instance, ns n mic•·o- my own I han• hert•to aflixt'cl my si~nat til'" in

phonc-transmittea· or telegr,,phic relny. The the JH'e.sencc of two witnP~~e~.

. .

mngnctie fieltl tn·otlnced hy the cna-rcnt tr:\\·-

NATII..:\X H. ~·rrt·nnJ.EFIELP.

crsing the coil-body -l induces a sceorulnry "•itncsses:

current in til{' solenoid or secondnry coil 1:?,

.Tou~ H. Srca:rm.s,

when the oa·diuna·y make and brenk of the

\V. B. IIl"DSO~.

-
-
-
-

- --------·~~~~~~~

(lfo Model.)

J. S. MELLON.

ELECTRO THERAPEUTIC APPLIANCE.

No. 412,196.

Patented Oct. l, 1889.

A.Z:Ceab/
~U~'leJ JZtc'.k4~
-- ,-a,y/hU-r~ ~

,i')\\1'''-~~ ~, rJ-h.d''LL~ ¥1 by /1~ ¥itrnt/Pd ~
~'-?

- - .:"l
~llf~ll---------IIJ¥•~111~

- - I~IIIA~I--1-------IIIA'%JII~Il
STATES pATENT OFFICE.

S. )IELLOX, OF ST. LOUIS, :JIISSO"CRI, ..-\SSIG:XOR OF SIX-TE~THS TO G. W. LE1\~S, OF SA:\IE PLACE.
ELECTRO-THERAPEUTIC APPLIANCE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 412,196, dated October 1, 1889.

.A.ppllca.tion filed J'ue a2, 1889. Seria.llio. 315,253. <No model,)

all u·hom~ it n~ay con~cern:

r are fastened together at one of their ends by

so it ::nown that L .ToHx S. )[ELLON, a citi-1 rh-ets or otherwise. The ground-conductor
of the rnited States, residing at the city D is a copper \\"ire or any other suitable elecSt. Louis~ in the State of ::\Iissonri, have 1, trical conductor, and is properly attached to

ted a new and useful Impro,·ement in the copper and zinc pair. It extends from

fElec1:ri<!ai.-\.ppliances, of which the following them down into and is buried in the moist

spedfi.cation, reference being had to the earth. It may or may not have the gruund-

panying dran·ings and claiw.

plant E attached to it.

55

in,·ention relates particularly to health- I In Fig. ~ the pair A is similat·, except in

,,.............. liances, which are adapted to gen- I its construction, to the pair in Fig. 1, the face

anism an(l to both induct and educt I cJf the zinc sheet B is laid on the copper sheet

eie:ctJ:"lC:ll currents in connection with the hu- ' C, the en<.ls of which fold over the zinc, and

, and to equalize such currents ! is adapted to be electrically excited. by moist- 6o

r.D4~t.~ree:n it and the earth.

ure from placing one hand on the copper and

invention consists of one or more gal- thH other on its zinc plate.

pairs made of metals, which arc adapted Fig. 3 is a galvanic pair of hamllcs united

c e~cited deetricall\~ bv the moisture of · to!!'ether bv the conductor D .

.&&'4U14.IoU. body acting che"mically upon the

is of copper, and B of zinc, both made of 6s

~di1fe~rin.g kinds of metal in the couples, and sheetmctal. Each of tho last two pairs named

&l&,.,wo.......... conductor or eductor for connect· have the ground-connection D, with or with-

couples ~·ith the moist ground and out the plant E. These pairs may be made

the body under treatment.

in any sha.po or form or size, and of any

accompanying drawings illustrate sonie metals which at·e adapted to be excited elec- 70

~4~Dlanical deYices for its construction.

trically by the moisture of the hands or feet ·

1, 2, and 3 are Yiews of different and· other parts of our bodies acting on the

it.

metallic couple, while the grounded end ·of

::v;;;:·"'!'"''"''''·"r letters refer to like part" through- the conductor D is in contact with the moist

several vie,vs.

earth. B_y standing with the moist feet on 75

is well knm""n that changes of condi- the pair, or holding the hands thereon, or

in matter cause changes inthe electrical holding the handles in the band, galvanic

and such changes are constantly oc- currents are generated in them to supply any

throughout nature. The human sys- deficiency of electricity which may exist, and

~ubject to such changes, whereby it at means is thus provided for all electrical cur- So

IS liable to be injuriously surcharged rents to interchange and establish harmony

minus in its normal healthv electrical and equilibrium between our bodies and the

~~liUl.tl()ID

"

earth. For invalid uses, '"'here they are con-

object of my invention is to cure va- fined to beds in upper rooms, it is only neces-

diseases and to restore and retain health sary to lengthen and attach the conductor D Ss

ing the electrical conditions of our to suit the situation.

~.NJ.~VUles always in harmony with those of the I am aware of other electrical appliances

fro~1 which we haYe orig~pated, so tl;tat which are applied to local parts of the body

In any part of a house may be in for the treatment of diseases-none of which,

electrical contact with the moist earth, however, have any ground-connection. Such 90

. as if standing upon it.

·· I disclaim. I am confident, hmYever, that

F1g. 1 the galvanic pair A is made of much greater benefits would accrue to the af-

eets, one of copper C and one of zinc flicted from the use of such devices if they

e copper overlaps the zinc, and they were used in connection with my invention.

-....
~11~1

- - 11~11~1-1-------11~~11~1 -1

2

412,196

1

What I claim as my invention, and desire to- secure bv Letters Patent of the United States, is- ..
s A gal\·anic pair the electrodes of which are adapted to be artificially excited electrically by the moisture of any part or parts of the human system or that of any other organ-
ized life from its contact therewith, in com-

! bination
the pair

with with

a ground-conductor connecting the earth, substantially as de-

·1

~~~.

t

JOHX S. liELLON. 1

"\Yitnesses:
HCGH :\1. THO:llPSOS,
C. C. LOG.A.~.

-~IIJ~~I

- IJ¥.~11~·

{No Model )

- ---------II~VhJII~I ·~

H. C. SPALDING.

l

~

ELECTRIC CIRCUIT.

•

No. 327,495.

Patented Sept. 29, 1885.

-1~11~1

~~~-w-AC.

- 1~11~1

- - I~llli\.ThJ1--1-------1 Ul\%JI 1~1' ~-uNITED ·STATEs PATENT OFFICE.

IIE-\"RY C. SP_\.T..DIS'G, OF BOSTO:s-, ~IA.SS~CffC'SETTS. ELECTRIC CIRCUIT•

. _. 9I'ECIF!CA.TION rorming part of Letters Patent No. 327,495, dated September 29, 1885.

..,.._. _.,.A_

A.pplic:ltioo tiled ~ovember 19, ltS3. Reuewed Februarr '2S. tess. (X'o model.}

,;.,:,l;''I...Jlu all u·T1o11 z. it may concern:

which leads from the ·center of a city, for ez:·

:~~-:r-~·.nA it known that I, H.ESRY C. SP.lLDISG. pie. to some distant point.

dtizcn of the L'nited States, and a resident of The conductors B C, forming the leading and 55

])J[oasssto:tn~bnisnettthse,

county of Suffolk and have in,·ented certain

State of new and

return wires~ respecti'rely: are surrounded by a metal sheath. which is itself insulated. This

;useful Impro,·cments in Electric Circuits, of sheath I prefel.· to form by wrapping around

·-~~~·;~;.~t:nWhciechbethineg

follo bad

wing to the

hs d

a specification, rawing accompa

refer· nying

the insulated wires a strip of metal foil, a, as more fully es:plained by me in another appli- 6o

·. ::':.:~-.'pd forming a part of the same.

cation. The "·ires anc.l sheath are carried

-~io· 'Ihc enormous increase in the number of through the city through an underground con·

:.:=~-~ ·.:tclegrnphic, telephonic, and other conductors duit, D~ at the end of which the wire C is :;.~..:Jn cities ami towns renders it necessary to grounded, while the wire B is carried on to

?:~{.: ID:lke some di.;po:;ition of them.oth~r t.han that the desired point as an aerial line, A.. It is 65

:f? ~present generally adopted of strtngtng them obvious that this disposition of the wires may

::-';as· on poles or bouse-tops. To bring the wires be made at either or both ends of the line. It

::~:~·:.:-Jato closer pro:o;;:imity is obviously impracti- will be seen l>y this arrangement that those

~·:; ·cable, hence the use of underground cables or portions of a line which are e~l)QSed to the

'.· ·. some form of conduit is una.,·oidable. Inas- effects of electrical induction and like dis· ;o

_:.,,=.· _mach, howe\·cr, as :-;pace b the main consiller- turbances are protected~ while the least prac~~-ation, it is not customarv or desirable to ex- ticable amount of wire anu insulating mate~~:;::..i!_:J~Iid the underground or" conduit S'rstems be- rial are used.. tti~j·ood the limits of the cities, or e'ren their I have confined the description to circuits

r~r~·snor~ ~rowded portions. 'fhe lines leading out r:~}.O.f CJhes, thcr?fore, are P.artly under ground

in part aerial and in part underground. I 73 woulrl state, however, that the conduits con-

in .--~.S aad partly ae:·ml. Such lines ha\-e been found

~:.~~.~::tobe exposed to all the difficulties met with

,~}:r}n those which ~re wholly under ground, the

:~,\~"t:.;.~/;_o:._b~~1s\Jrtae~cnlemsplteo,

rapid a~1d perfect working, to retardation from external

due, cur-

$:~. _rents,. the ii?-unediate proximity of the earth,

~r-~si';,::·-:MrIt_oadmrnudcuec. tton, and the like, being a serious

~~~~·: '..lly im·ention relates to circuits or lines such

·~~~P~i-t~~'.!·~~i~~.-.~~·,.,.pS';r:f~c~;:n}~t'thto~oco.drc.~s.blnWete~al1csdtirc<eSr·LsJlh~>Occcrh~ulilmslabg}leyud·?1aan-ssfttflaehm~ncaltclaeteldrdiyfsebrroygtamrocoinrtsm~odattuvilhdcetlwriiloinhwnneieiscsrohe,rsstnbrhaeeses---

!'_:~_-.:

:ltJon; arul It has for its object to o\·er·

l!H! "·{..!_.·if-:.::;.·<:-·~:(~CJ:OCbjJtocorpr•'-·e\·a"·"·rItltht•hs

e e1eet rt.ca1.md uct1.ve effects electricitv and to CUrrentS

'~;;.[;.':,.•:f<_;~~I.=··S::-..·l,ctilnlniUrdd•c\It:·uy;l.in.tb.gh.rS?lU1.t1lc1~k1Joc1Htlaht:;hep~rt.ostc.utou1n_nc0uldneaur,oc·goftroidotrh~astbenlydsyvt~sheotreerymtcic.oalonsessTeioopnfrot.th:tsh~:i:ees-

i~~-: ··Joc!~Ic.uu.1 l'l~t:ly metall1c, u_smg two wires

taining the wires are not necessarily buried .iu

the earth, as thev may be supported above It.

I am aware tiiat portions of an electrical

circuit have heretofore been formed by the So

insulated conductors of underground systen1s;

but this I do not claim, broadly. The pu1·pose

of my inl·ention, as will be seen from the

abo\e description, is not only to lessen the

effects of induction, but to prevent, also, the 85

retardation that exists in Hues or circuits that

are partly aerial and partly subterranean. I

ha're described as the best means for accom-

plishing this a protective underground system,

in,·ented by me and made the subject of other go

applications, combined with an aerial line; but

it is e·ddent that the specific character of the

unuerground portion of the circuit may be

greatly 'rarieu without departure from the in-

vention.

.

95

I do not claim herein the specific form of

cable described, as this forms the subject of

another application; but

~~·
(fs, :':'l:

·:~-·: ·

•

0~toOrrOtLUdue~r~a.~~r~lc.lu,:itUltI.p.Iou:r'fstih~olinastsdeIidpuomss~eettt.ahiloelincl~lw'sroihluel nabdteha,usnwpdhaei

le rt r-

.

1rhat I claim is1. A.n electric circuit composed in purt of roc an aerial line aud the ground and in part of

1 :~.:-·:~-; . F re 111 t lc accompanymll' d1nO'ram.

1_·~:·· fir t .... prcs.cu.ts a generator a~1d E~:~ a reccivinO'

'·;·;·~~-:·. ·

••dl.'SIIllttlllti 1. n~tru ment of a giYen line0,

two insulated conu uctors inclosed in a metal sheath in an insulating-condn it, the two conductors constituting, rcspecth·ely, leading and

--~llrt4VII ~~~~~- r .?:-..:~'::.;-...

- - 11~11~1·--·------11~~11~1

2

327,495

return wires, and t.he return- wire being stantially as and for the purpose ~erein set:

grounded at the end of the conduit, substan- . forth. .

tially as and for the purpose specified.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my

- 2. An electric circuit consisting in part of name in the presence of two subscribing wit-:
s two conductors insulated from one another nesses.

and inclosed within an insulated metallic sheath and in part of an aerially-suspended wire, the suspended wire and one of the insulated wires being connected to earth at or beIO yond the sa~e end of the said sheath, sub-

HE~Y C. SP..ilDING.
Witnesses: ALEX. L. H.!.YES, 8A.:NFORD H. DUDLEY.

-~llf¥..~11

- IW.~II~

-11~11~1 UNITEI)

- ~~~~~~~

1·:~111. .JAIIH, OF BEHLIN, Ul~tt.~L\:'iY. METHOD OF UTILIZING ELECTRICAL EARTH·CURRENTS.

SPECIFICATION fornting llart. or Le\t.ttra Patent. No. 690,1&1, dated December 31, 1901•
.\r.nltr:ttlno 61t'tl J'n1y24, 1900. Sorfftl No. 24,6801. •No !IJI('Cimen"·'

Ji, ''" whom il 111"!1 ,.,,,.,.,.,:

1ortliruu·y electrical pntentinll"erics i~ near the

or ur He it known
tho 1\:ing

Ptr.lum~-tcIi,n,I•(:;lt(a'rr~m.:Jm.\IIlH•:,maptM'ruuhrj,l·lc'.l·t'.·l.

nl'J,tnth·o CO\'OI'Cd t

enc1, (pnllnclium.) I ha\·o als hnt the current produced il'l or

o h

disigh-

55

siding at Berlin, in tho 1\in;.relnm nr Pr·usl'4ia el'4f, ton~ion when t.ho two mctnl:o~ nrc mo8t

5 ~uul Gormnn l•:mpin~, h:L\'t• itl\'t'nl.t~c.l (~rrtain 1 widely scparnt"el Crum (':Lch other in the olee-

new ancl UMefnl lmpt·o,·c.'nwntM in ~lt'thml:o~j' t.l'il•a.l put.c.~ntinl !'4tH'it'l'4 :uul t.hat which is nel\rer

of Utilizin~ I•:lec.•tt·it•nl J•::u·t h-t'm·r·t•ntM, (for tot ho po~it i\'tH'IId (;,i IH') or this series bt t.hru!'t

\Vbich I lun·e nppliccl fm· p:ttt•nll'4 in J•:n;.:laucl, into l'aat·th ur wat~r at tho moro northerly 6o
No. !J,!l';'l, clntcclllny :m, woo; in Fa·;mt'l', Xu. I puint, whilo thut. whit•h i~ J1('arcr the negnth·e
ur 10 :!80,156, tlatctl.Junu ~' 1!100: in Bt•l!!illm, Xo. ! t'IHI (pullmlium) the !ott•rios iM thrust into

118,';'.12, dntetl .Juno :!, 1!100: in (;c,r·many, 1 l':u·th m· wntc•· nt tlw ~nntlll'rly point. In

•ln.tetl ~ln.y :!fi, 1!100, anti in J{Ul'4l"ia, tlatPtl I' sawh an a•·rnnJt~mcnt. tho motnl:o~ are not :ap-

Junc .1, 1~100,) o( wh it•h fIll' fulluwin~ il" :l (H'l•t•iahJy t•hcmit•nlly f•m·rutlt•t), C\'eD when 65

~peciiication.

I tlac•y :u·o in t•nrth !4a.tm·atl'd with water, nncl

15 It is known that t~Olllillllttll!-4 t>lf't'fl"ia• C'lll'· I :ll'('t'UIIIll'Ch.•d tuJ,:f'tlll'rhy lmu1 roralongtime.

rents tln\v throuJ,:h tho Mulicl antl liquhl pua·-~ .\l~·inn~ntiunr·clatl'~,tlwrcrm·t.•,to:'metbotl

tions or the e:l.l't h's cr·nst. Lamont (I), r J~'nl- fol' ut ili..:in;.r t.h(\ t':U'f h-clll·rcnt, (!OIIMhd ing in

·"'lrmu 11nd dt•,· Zu.~umm,.,;,,11~1 "'·'-"'""""mil thrnl'4tinJ,: intuthot.'at·th m·wat~ron the earth 70

dem }_.",·duwyla'li.~w, .;, Lt•ip:-.ic•, l~t::!) :-~ho\\'Pd ;two t•lt•c.•ta·ocle·~. nC whil'la t!u- flll<' has n poAi·
ur 20 the existc~nco of Sllt'h eUI'J'l'lll:i hy t.ha·u~tin;.: I. lion nm·th nf tht• olht•l' :ulfl iM "mntorinl

I t.WO metnl pintos :Lt :& Ct~t·tain disi:LIU't~ from llt':Lrt•l" ftt eiW pusit i\'t' f'IHl (;,iJw) n( the C)CC•
eacb ot.he1· into tho ;:•·ouml in tlw tlirc·ction of ta·ic·:al puh·ntial so•·it·l'4 than is tho nuaterinl or

the magnetic ot• n.st.runomical nwt·itliau a11tl t he• ullw1· det·t roclt• ancl c.•cmncwting tho two 75

conneet.ing them ahu,·o tlw ;:ronntl h~· uwanl'4 aho\'t• ::a·uuwl hy :' lc.•ncl. It i:o~ ~"h·nntn,:eous

25 oC B wiro inclutlin;: a ~al\'anunwtl•a-. The 1 that tho nm·thor·ly mot•t• el~ctrnpol'4ith·o clec·

,.f,·j stronger cna·r·eut~ of this
shown to flow fr·om south

kirul ha\'c• to nm·th.

Jh.att•~can·

tr·utlt• shuuicl be thl''l~t murc tll•t.•ply into tho I t•:u·tla m· watc.w th:tn tho snull:t'rly t.•lt•etrnde,

observations (\\'ein~tl•in, l·:ln·lndn·ltui...

l'oa· tlwn tlw t•n•·•·c•nt is l"ta·un;:c.•r. Tho best s~

Zeil.~cluU1, lS~I~, p. ;!tl) :oohow that this :ooo- l'''•:ooult as tu stt't•n;:th of t~u•·rt~nt anti prt'S.'Itlro

JO cnlletl "c~U'th-cua·•·t•nt ·• pus:-;cs:ooc•l" a. t•tmsidt•a·-~ is ohtaint.•tl whl'll thil'4 tlifToronc.•o in clt'(•th i~

able Uni(ormity of Ctli'I'PIIt sfl't'll-~t.h anti pt't'S· l"llt:h that a Jim• juinin~ tho two l•let.•trotle~ ll'l

SUre. l•~l'OIU tiW f~lf't. that; this t•:u·th·t'tiiTt'llt in t.ho clit•t•t•fion of lfW tn:l;_:tlt'tiC tJip. 'rho
flows Ca·om :iotlth t.u north it mar uc.• cmu·lutlt••l I ht•:oot c•ITt•<•t, t ht•t·t.•Coa·c.•, is ohtainetl wht.'ll the!"o Ss

that its prcsstu·cwill iiJt•t•t•ast• if l"laa·tiu;.: ft•orn t•ontlit.itms an• t•tunhin~•l-namely, wlum thu 35 a gh·en point. in th~ south t lw tlistant'l' he·-,1 two t•lt.•et.r·uc1t•s aa·t• :appruxint:LlQiy in the IIIRJl·

tween thi~Riltl f.lac newt hm·n poi II t is illt•t•l'a:oot•cl, lit'I j,• IIU'I'itl ian anti Ul'l' or mnlt-.-inJ~ Widely

I pro\'ic.lctlthc <~nnn~ct in;.:-le:ul lua uf lit t.l" l't'· l"t'}t:ll·att•,l in Ow t•lt•ctr·ic•:LI put.cmth\1 :eerie~
sistanco. Notwithstancli n;.: that t ht•l"t! fat•! s :wei t hl' nm·tht•rly anti mm·o t.'lcctrupmdt i\'O go

ha\·o been known tho t':uth-cnt'I'L'nl. has tW\'t'l' e•lt.•t•tt·cu1t• is hut·it.•tl nt a ;:rc.•utcr tlt.•pth than

40 boon utili1.cc1, bccausl' in or·cl~t· to ohtain a t hal at whidt tlw~uulht.•a·ly~l~t!li'Oclo is burietl sutlicieut ctu•rt'nL till' tlistanct' ht!I.Wt'l'll t.ht• 1' a uti tlaal. a linu juinin;: thmu hn~ thu ineliu"·

north nntl ~outh point~ must ut• so ;.:t•t•at that. , tiun uf tlw nm;.:nt.•tit• dip. 'l'h~t.·urr<'nteztn bo

the cost of un in~tallation il" {ll'uhihith·t•. I jtappt.•tl fa·om tho lt.•:u1 joinin;.: the ~leett-utlo~ 95

have clisco\·crctl t.lmt th~ !'4tH1lh t.o north tlin•c- i :wei ntili..:Pcl in any Wl'll-knnwn nmnuor.
i 45 tion or the ca.rth-curr·~nL is maintairu•tl only \\'hat I daim, lUttl tiONirc to socuro by I~ct­ or ur whon the plnt.t~~ nro tho sanae lllt.•lal. \\'lwn : tt.•r·~ l'all'llL tho Fnilecl ShltC!il, i~zine is used for thcs·mthcrn plate awl ia·on ua·i I. A nlt'thml of utilizin;.: t•lectricul ent·th·

carbon for tho nort.laea·u onc.•, tho t.•nt·a·t.•nt Jlows ; clliTt•n tl'4 t•tmsi~tin~ in placin~ c.•lc~clroclt.•s oc· roo

through tho leatl connecting tht.•m fl'om twa·th j c.·upyin~ tlitTer·c.mL po~itinu!'l in tho olectricnl

I so

to south. relatively

siAmllilnt.rhlcy-ctohmamt ilo'4n, thnowcutta·lts·~nhtdftlao\w·us

.

polt.•ntial sm·ies iutu the ~;u·th or wutor ~o tbat tho t•lccll·oclo which is nca.rm· tho nogat,i\·o erul

-~IIJ~~~~------IIfYA~II-~ always (roan th~lt l)lato who~e posit ion in tht' . of lho sc•t•it.':i is at tht• more southerly !'Oint,

___ ., i
-~-- _.::_

._ ·-- - -.-:. ____ . ____ __:_____-.;.:...

. --i
1726. E.rptrimenls 011 Earth Currents. E. Jahr. (Elektrotechn. Zeitschr. ;
:::. 1'1'· 195-197, March 8, 190'J.r-Pairs of electrodes of the same or dUferent . 11\.tlt-ri;ds, various metals and carbon ·or coke, or iron pipes, are ·buried in the • _a."!·•und or water near Berlin· ·and· connected ·by an insulated copper, wire ~e·..tin~ on china insulators ~ye ground; the connectiiig wire, up to 1 km. 1" lt:nJ:th, lies in the magneti9 ·meridian. _Weak currents· are observed, the , ,~·..t n.'Sults being obtained when the northern electrode is ~unk _to a lower : lnd than the southellll (magnetic inclination angle); the ~tential diilerenc.e ,,n,f ,·urrcnt intensity are stated to be constant when this amlllgement ts ~'··pled. With multiple earth batteries currents of i volts. and i·5 amperes ~""' !~ecn ob~rved. The experiments have ext~nded ~ver two years.. H. B. ·

!··
- - r -
~11rv..~. t1--------11 w.~~~~

No. 35,571.

- _________, f~~~l~l J. E. SMITH. Telegraph. Patented June 10, 1862.

"Jri.tnesse s.
~e~
ILOCll_ _ _ _ DC.
-~ltrh'\1111--- - - - - -

- - ~IIIAVAJII----------IIJA%111~11 UNITED STATES PATENT .OFFICEo

JOH~ E. SMITH, OF· ~EW YORK, N. Y., ASSIG~OR TO HL\£SELF A~D C. T. &

I. N. CHESTER.

.

IMPROVEMENT IN ELECTRO-MAGNETIC TELEGRAPHS.

Specification forming part of Lett~n -Patent No. 33,~'2'1, dated Jane 10, 1862.

To all •tclunn; it 'Tilay concern:

In order more partimilarly to describe my.

Be it kuo\\"n that I, JoHN E. SliiTH, of the said invention,_! will refer to tile annesetl draw-

city anti county of New York, in the State of ings, wherein-

Sew York, ba,·e invented certain ne~·aud use- Figure 1 represents the part.:~ coml>ineu and

ful Improvements iu Electro-)Iugnetic Tele- arranged so as to divert the abnormal currents

g~tpils; anrl I do hereby rleclare that the fol- from the sounder-magnets by the action of the

lo~ving is a full and correct description tilereof, armature-lever of the receh·ing-ma.gnet; and

reference being had to the drawings annexed, Fig. 2 represents the parts arranged so as to

making a part of this specification, anc.l to the dh·ide and neutralize tile abnormal currents,

letters ot" reference thereon.

as before meutiouetl.

:i\I.r snitl invention consists, chiefty, in au Letter a represents the main telegraph-con-

improved arraogemen t and combination of reg- ductor, embracing and including the helices

ister or sounder magnets with receiving-wag- of the receit'ing-magnet b an(l the register or

nets iu ~\ main telegraph-circuit, wherein the sounder magnet c. d represents transmitting·.

current of the main circuit used to actuate the keys.

register or sounder magnet is controlled and Letter e represents tile ,-ibrating armature

regulated by the recei\ing- magnet, the Yi- of the receiving-magnet, provitle(l with react-

brating armature-le\·er of which is ar~auget.l ing spring and otherusual appendages; letter/,

to act as au automatic S\Vitcll for the purpose vibrating armature of sounder-magnet, lrith a

of relieving the register or souutler magnets cymbal,g, for which may be :mbstitntetl a pen-

from the action of the escape or abnormal cur- le\·er of a recording-instrument, or any de,·ice

rents when the main circuit is opened. These for indicating or recording telegraph-sig.nals

escape- currents are familiarly known to all or setting in action machinery for indicating

telegrapher~ u.s resulting from the return of or recording telegraph-signals. The main con-

battery-power to its source by reason of de- ductor a connects lrith the Yibrating armature-

fective insulation, intensity of battery-power, lever eof the receiving-maguet at. its fulcrum e'.

and resistance of long conductors. I call them a' is a short conductor from a point near the

"almormal," in contradistinction to the nor- end of the t'ibrating lever e to the main con-

mal current which wonlt.l. result from the per- ductor a, Fig. 1, beyond and avoiding the

teet and continuous passage of the battery- sountler-magnet. When the· armature-le,·er

pmver from one end of the line to the other, falls back by tile action of its spring upon the

which equalizes electro-magnetic power, and opening of the main circuit in telegraphing,

makes telegraphing easy and reliable at all the end of the lever establishes a connection

times. The register or sounder magnets are with the short conductor a' at the platina points ·

relieved by establishing an additional metal h i, thus affording a short direct passage for

connection from the wire of the recei'f'ing-mag- the abnormal current through the \·ibrating

net to tile main line, through the armature- le\·er of the recei"\"ing-maguet and short con-

lever of the receiving-magnet, either directly nection a' to the main line, a\·oiding entirely

to the metal conductor, avoiding the sounder- the helices of the sounder-magnet, and there-

magnet, or to "the· main conductor through ooe fore relie,·ing them entirely from the action of

of two equal helices surrounding the sounder- abnormal currents \-rhen the main circuit is

magnet, and in a direction opposite and antag- open.

·

onistic to the direction of the current passing In Fig. 2.the sounder-magnet is represented

tilrough the other equal helix, which is always as constructed with two equal helices,j aml

included iu the main circuit, thus either di\·ert- k, wountl in opposite directions, the main con-

ing the abnormal currents from the sountler- ductor a running tilrough the lower helix,j,

. magnet or passing them through the helices of and the conductor a', instead of passing di-·

the sonuder-magnet in such manner as to neu- rectly from the armature-le\·er of the receh·---

tralize or destroy their effect upon the mag- ing-maguet to the main conductor, a\oidiug

net, thereby securing the mecl.aauical force and the sountler-maguet, as in Fig.l, connects with

--~11r~1 action of a fully-discharged electro-magnet.

and iuclndes the helix k, passing from it to
- IJY~~II~r

- - I~II~YhJII-------·~~~~~~~

2

I the main conductor. The helicesj and k being sounder and receiving magnets in the main
- wound in opposite directions and of equal circuit hereinbefore described to work sounders

length, the current divides and passes equally or pen-registers with certainty and uniformity

through both in opposite directions, when the I do not recommend the use of the additionai

lever of the receinng-magnet falls back and short local-battery circuit just mentioned, be.

brings the two platina points k i in contact cause it inl"Ol\"es needless trouble and expense

upon the opening of the main circuit.

but only mention it to secure myself from at~

The connecting- points h i should be pro- tempt to appropriate my in\"eutiou by discon.

rided with suitable adjustments, such as are necting the second magnet from the direct con.

used in such instruments for determining the nectiou \Vith thesounderorregister,andusingit

length of vibration of the lel"er, which, in this to imlirectly operate such instruments through

case may be confined to tbe shortest length office-battery local circuits, which they would

· consistent with the practical separation of the operate in an imprO\·ed manner owing to their

platina. points 7, i, because no dedagrating being reliel"e(l entirely from abnormal currents

spark ever passes as in the operation of short when the main circuit is open~d.

circuits in which local batteries are included. I claim-

Instead of using the magnet which I hal"e The combination of electro -magnets in a

termed the "sounder" or "register" magnet main telegraph-circuit, substantially as hereinto actuate instruments for recording or indi- before described, whereby the \"ibrating arma-

cating telegraphic signs or signals, or for set- ture-le\"er of the first or receh·ing magnet is

ting in action mechanism .for printing, record- made to discharge or neutralize the escape or

ing, or indicating telegraph signs or signals, abnormal currents flowing through the second

it may be used to open and close short office- or working magnets \Vhen the main circuit is circuits in which a. battery and register or opened. in the operation of telegrnplJing, ~uh­

sounder magnet is included in the same man- stantially as set forth.

ner as such short circuits are now- operated in Dated Ye'v York, A.pril15, 1862.

connection with receil"ing-magnets not pro·

JOHN E. S)IlTH.

tected from tlie effect of abnormal currents Witnesses:

when the main circuit is open; but, as suffi.-

Jomr D.!.vmsoN,

·cient power is obtained by the combination of

Wli. A.. "\\HITDECK.

-~Ill~~~

- IJ¥.~11~

INTRODUCTION:

The exper imenta! p-rocedure presented here in is a
guideline for drawing negative charges. fro• a grounded s·ource of •eta! to an attraction field which conducts the flow to an application circuit. ·The potentia! of this source is on the order of several thousand volts and the current, fro• a few •il!J.'ailps up· ~o--on_e A~~T
--vou Depending on your area and grounded source UP-to 25 watts
an~ ·~re is possible with an opti•u• configur-atio-n. can use this project to power appliances or charge batteries. Free yourself fro• the power co•pany! Get Busy!

DISCLAIMER:

CAOROP Projects takes no res~onsibility in any independent workmanship of this project and cannot guarantee satisfactory output fro• individual, geographically rando• construction of said device.

LEGAL WAIVER:

~+:~~

The following experi•ental project~n a well ventilated

~· This device ~ draw sudden concentrated bolts of

eneray such as lightning either directly or fro• around

especially in areas where such at•ospheric or •an •ade

charges are concentrated. Exposure of this device to

any for• of nuclear radiation (e.a. X-rays) can also

lead to disastrous results. Be forwarned! Please read

this entire •anual before atte•pting construction of the

Reverse Potential Field Generator. CAOROP Projects

takes no responsibility for any form of damage or injury

resulting fro• irresponsible construction or supervision

of this experi•ental device. Acceptance of these plans

warrants this on your part.

On this note we wish you success in co•ing another step

closer towards ~-~_lf _suf_tic_i~r:-cy.

= (Field Generator F.G.)

WORK AREA:
You •ust consider the working area for the F.G. It can
vary anywhere fro• approxi•ately 1'X2'X3• to 4'X8'X1. This area should be unenclosed by •eta! walls. floor, or ceiling, be spacious, as dry as po~sible, and have access to a dry, 8rounded •etallic structure (e.g. gas pipe) and access to a wet, grounded metallic structure

(e.g. cold water Dipe) by •eans
connection. This space •ust be no accumulation of •dead air•. As. vou can imagine this will be a re-ctangular structure wh.ich can be laid f !at or on its sid-;, attached to heavy gauge wires at one end and an electrical load at the other.

FIELD GENERATOR: MATERIALS

The Field Generator consists basically of alternating lavers of ligh~, q~a~n~~ •aterial and ferro•aan~~~~ •aterial (iron sheets are ideal). The ~· fibrous building board •ade by Celotex at your local hardware store serves this purpose best. <But if your area is expecially hu•id vou •av also use ~· styrofoam sheets-found next to the building board.) You •av find iron sheets at your local •eta! scrap yard, hobby shop, ironworks. or lab supplv. If unobtainable, then use galvanized steel flashina or steel wool also found at the hardware store. Stee!wool tends to be the least expensive of the three,
yet almost as effective as iron. Buy the finest (#0000). It will be unrolled, kept fluffy, and applied with no overlapping (except for two layers or •ore at
the centre of the F.G.>.
You will also be laying a trace of copper on the (in)organic layers for conduction. Bare or wrapped wires are OK, but a copper plate trace tends to increase the strength of the output. Copper plates can be found at the hobby shop or lab supply in s•a11 stock. If you ean find copper strip in rolls. J• wide or •ore, then please use it! Heavy gauge wires (i.e. battery cable size) will be
connected to the F.G. from the wet and dry ground~. The
copper trace will conduct fro• these wires to the apDlication circuit through the F.C.

FIELD GENERATOR: DIMENSIONS
CAOROP researchers have found that cutting the F.G. to
certain dimensions rather than at rando• will tend to increase field strength thus power output:

FIG. 1

AB=AD=BC=370•• <14.58•>

AE=524JDII (20 .·62.) ~EC is copper trace)

You •ay change the size of the arrangew~nt.

; -

.. ~ ~~ ·

.

.

.; ,,~~·-J,..-.. . ..,..~

~.

~-=-~~-~ --- - .:n.: __. --.:.:.

~~..~..-,

~..,~

. -- ~--- '"~vz n , ..-...~.......,f. 6 .J~~ . " -~..·, -

~ •

proportionally to the dimensions given. Increasing the

size will increase the influence and current strensth.

The copper trace along AEC can be a copperstrip as s•a11

as J• wide, planted along these diagonals, will aain

maxi•u• influence from the Field Generator.

FIELD GENERATOR: CONSTRUCTION

After cutting the panels to proper size you will attach

i:SL/1 the copper strip along the diagonals:

FIG.2

Panel

ibid ____,

.________extend for

1'

electrical

_

_

attachment

1..Jl.
Doing this for 11ore than the two centre panels is !'.9_t reco1111ended in areas close to power stations or subject
to low discharges of atmospheric energy. ~~ working with copper plates, y~u aay overlap to achieve conduction. Spray-on adhesive is OK, but the parte_! s_l_L(' found in hardware stores is •ore dependable and less expensive. (A little goes a long way, so don't make a •ess!) Panel glue can serve all the adhesive attach11ents in this project. Although iron sheets give the best results in this
syste• you •av find the• too cu•bersone to deal with or difficult to locate. If not, adhere the iron in only one sheet layer per panel with panel glue. Apply steel wool (#0000) rolled out straisht and unifor• (no overlapping) with glue or/and long steel staples. ~ compress the steelwool <The exposed surface of steelwool helps to increase field strength.) You •ay also apply one layer of galvanized sheet steel before the steel wool, not after, to leave the wool fluffy. The copper trace-i.ust not touch the ferro•agnetic material, so you ;;;-u;;-a thin insulative aateria! !ike plastic food wrap.

FIG.3

2 lavers steelwool

spacin8 along •nodes• of field (in •m.)=

-u li<'ffftfff10 fij: . 1 l, ~, ~~ ~, ! , ~,~ ,34 , • • • N<i - J>+N <i - 2)

L•....., Ooda<.;;

nuL .....,._

~--

~

Basic One-Layer Configuration:

Or t_~.9_89_r,_a_1
Vie_~<tt
On_e __ ~-~Y-e_r_ .SL~t_e•

The attraction field produced is wavy, buy predictable. The asymtotic nodes of energy occur at N<i>=N<i-I)+N<i-
2> as peaks of energy. This is simply the Fibonacci series where any nu•ber in the series equals the
addition of the two nu•bers precedina it. Do the spacing in millimetres •.
The spacing between the panels is •ade with so•etning small, light, and non-conductive at each corner such as pine or building board scraps. The closest spacing will not necessarilY yield the greatest field strength.

HOOK UP & TEST CIRCUIT:

The electrical co•ponents for the test circuit •ust be able to handle atleas~ 5000 volts. Your local
electronics surplus •ay carry these ite•s inexpensively,
but they are few in number:

FIG.4

ff~· 9 f·rf!n~£

·Tf ~

~ I

F•n£1(

I
:

The tuning capacitor is a hiah voltaae. air-plate

capacitor of one farad or greater. It will be used for

•tuning-in• the opti•u• charge frequency fro• your

particular ground structure. Vou can put an

electrolytic capacitor with •atched value in its place.

The diode is a zener and the inductor should be atleast

5 henrys. The co•ponentry should all be high power to

handle atleast 2 watts.

Vou may, of course, use lower power coaponents if.hiah

power is not your objective (i.e. in the case of

charging batteries>

The F.G. will need a choke coil at the dry ground. Vou

•ust use a large coil here which is a heavy guage wire

wrapped 17 times or •ore around a ferro•agnetic donut of
atleast s· in diametre:

..,..to dry ground

= schematic sy11bol

Tne attached inductors will represent an

influence.

enough to •otlvate satisfactory

may

;;G~:ed'~ to~ aF.:i~e~ct ~ir/:r.-~P:

2~~-

~..r.....~~~

-=

('$.-J.~~ ..

An inductive c.it:C!_u_i_~ is •uch safer fro• electrical hazard than a direct connection ~hich should only be used if even the best field generator you •ake does not produce a pro•ising output. The inductive connection
can be a doub 1e an~enna co i 1 or a 1: 1 ~ran_~ fo_~-·~-~. Upon tuning in the best value you can replace the tuning capacitor wi~h an electroly~ic or two in series to increase voltage:

greater cu1rent

greater voltage

Either circuit is good for battery charging, but for not you •aY want to·· !;,cease the field strenath.

MULTIPLE LAYERED FIELD GENERATOR:

Multiple laye~ tend to increase field strength thuse power. Copper traces can be added to the other panels in a ratio according to the Fibonacci series for an opti•u• effect. Let us assume a five layer generator:

FIG.8

~~~~~~~~~~---=~~· of washers rubber or steel
for spacers

J
N <i >=1 , 2. 3, ~. 8 ••••

extended Cu trace.s

A hu•id atmosphere will dissipate the field effect and
•ust be countered by using •aterials that build a •static• charge on their own. Stvrofoa• can be found as ~· ~hick sheets at the hardware store. Ap~lied to a one layer syst.e• the foa• should be the panel lead.ing to wet Around(+) while keeping the organic panel leading to dry
ground<-> :

J-Layer
FIG.CJ
side view
Cu traces
-f_r h:~~ ~-~~ ------.:.s-~-!-=-~st=vr~:~~s=~

build .ins board

top view

extra spacers
arranged to stvrofoa•

"·
layer F.G.

trace

~~~.:;~~~. .~~---~~·

Pane! glue should

used to adhere the ferro•agnetic

substance to the foa•. Most other adhesives could •elt

the foam. Wooden dowels can be used as spacers, but use pine or any other !ig~t wood.

In a •ul t i -1 aye red F. G. the foa'ra and the organic board

will be alternated. You can st1ll use~· steel washers

or the equivalent to space the panels (you •ay also use

rubber washers> :

FIG. I 0

3 1ayer

ott:A~,e SOAc.o

/

F~,. ST'tl!tl

2 layer

/ ) 2 ) ) './

I./ 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1

!S{<z:'"'::X:::<X_J -- .-j

=-! 1 :.2.l £---'-· ==:=>5 .·-._,.:·. .. >""--.-:' ~· =

'""'""c,zy St''>S tl
:-v-:v¥'~"¥'-

0

LIIIJ/Jit

In a au1ti-1ayered F.G.

the

- -"l•-

r.

i

organic

1-2.- )
12 ' 1pane

z- /
z /
7
s aust.

1 1- . 1. ' 1r ~l~a~y-··sJ. .

face outside. They should also be coated with a water

repellent before assembly. ~The F.G. can also be protected fro• moisture by ~eating it with plastic food

wrap such as G!adwrap or·saranwrap. These polypropylene

sheets also help to accu•ulate •static•.

THE VACCUUM EFFECT:

A high v~ccuu• also tends to accu•ulate the sa•e energy
as the panel accu•ulators described above. <For trivia buffs, an experi•ent had a si•ple vaccuua in a glass tube with a high voltage fila•ent. The ~pace within was found to glow _b_~.~~ in colour.) If you have ever done the plas•a-globe project as found
in Radio-Elect.ronics, then you already have the necessary tools. If not, I refer you to the January '89 issue .at your public library. The basic configuration is:

spark gaps ~-~~ple circuit

The field strength is proportional to the vaceuu• and is in

same vaccuu• is like creating
be a separte tube for each set. Multiple electrodes are spaced to act as spark saps. Soacing the spark gap in each successive electrode according to the Fibonacci series. in •illi•etres-aaainhas a positive effect:

FIG. J2

Tube w/10 electrodes

to ground

' I
CAOROP researchers have yielded up to 3 watts with the

T~N electrode-vaccuu• tube approach. But it •ay also

be very difficult for personal construction. The tubes
also take several weeks io ~ccumula~e enough charge on

their own.

If you want to shorten the accu•ulation time, you can

put the tube in a F.C. -box (six walls instead of the two

already de•onstr~ted): ~~~-~~~--~---~~

FIG. 13

-.---organic walls

vac.

tube

Charging th~ tube a F.G. box of three layers or more shortens the accumulation ti~~ to one week and less. The •ost difficult project you •isht undertake is placing the panel F.G. within a vaccuu•. This ha~ been done. By surrounding the F.G. with ~· or thicker plastic sheets then epoxy welding the• at the sea•s you can-form an enclosure:
FIG.14

Plastic box forwed around{f.G.

... ,., - -~~..·..'·.-~--r--·-~-::o-..~~ ~~~ ~~~ ~~~ - ~.~ ·-~: ~~~r~ ·..~r -1:'-~ ~-"1£~, ~~~,.-.. ..i~~-, , ~--,'~,',~~·~~:.~ ~:J,.~.~.~~:,~~ ·. --
You will have to add extra spacers ~o support the panels from collapse during vaccuu•. Less than one inch of H8 can be gulled before a •short• is created. (This is OK since only a certain a•ount of vaecuu• can be pulled before this type of svste• breaks down and sprin3s a
leak.>
The layered F.G. in a vaccuu• has been found to be almost double in strength coMpared to a re8u1ar field fro• an accumulator a reaular ata. pressure (al•ost 50~ gain in gower).
MISCELLANEOUS CONFIGURATIONS:
Ulti•ately, your own F.G. will vary between a tall. co•pact stack or a thin, lona pair of panels. A field generator will work in any position (i.e. as Ions as it holds toRether!). Any wood or plastic brace will do the
job-NO METAL. Any hiah tensile tape will also workEXCEPT. METAL. REMEMBER, NO METAL SHOULD ENCLOSE THE
F.G. This would tend to nullify the field. In order to save space you •ay choose to disguise your F.G. as a piece of furniture or so•e other part of your living arrangement. <There is no danger of sur3e hazard with the grounds hooked in safely and securely.) For exa•ple, in the case of a co•pact stack of panels:

c air

!;9 f_ t..~.f! ~_ab ~e
9.r i • i ~a~~-Q!'I
Pl.?lr,t stand <n.o H2.0.t

_df!c_~ra_~l.'L. pj_l_l_a.~
(mo_r_~ 1-_han one -~t-~~~t

As for a F.G. which is longer & wider with less layers:

FIG. 16

MURA.f::
<Bldg. board has a
porous white side-

0
~-f:'LL.S FQ~_BOO_~_S
(The ori3inal purpose for the bldg. boardnow vastly improved)

•any ways to conceal heavy 3auge wires as the
the electrical deot. of vour local hardware store can show you. Only the •atter of vour application circuit is !eft t~ conceal. You •ay even have several F.G.·s !eadin~ to one power circuit. but each sys~e• •ust have its own inductive connection.

APPLYING ANOTHER ENERGY FIELD:

After soae experi•enting you •ay find that the output is

greater the closer you are to the device, either layered

or vaccuua tubed. Other living bodies such as s•a11

ani•als and plants also affect field strength in the

saae way when brought closer to the F.G.

A voltage regulator can control any overvoltase, but

this ohenoaenon·can also be a blessing. A witaae

controlled switch in the circuit can turn on lights when

you enter a roo• with (a) properly located field

generator(s) or operate other iteas.

APPLl.C~TI ON . _c;lJ~C.U.lJ..S:

Parts, kits, and •ore should be found at your local

electronic hobby shop or surplus for basic control

circuits such as voltaae controlled regulator and

inverters. The followina schewatics are only a

guideline. For concise information on dealing with high

voltage, low current power sources look in your public

library or electronics hobby store. Only inductive

circuits are reco•mended unless the output is poor in

f.~··~~ t~+~rm~OO::: your area.

• ~ • , . ': TNIIICISTOI:. • H 1-1/41.1.

• •
Il ' n ; @

~«<f

'
I I

• ~u..~ •

1

" 1

c/.+o.£w.• ~T~ f\.T'

• :

For short pulses of High Energy D.C.
------~--------------------

transistor oscillator
circuit

Fo~ Hiah Power Applications
REVISIONS:
I. There must be NO electrical short between wet ground
(+) and dry ground <-> or the syste• will not work.
(e.g. yourwater heater may have an existing short between gas and water pipes, ma1nly the heater jacket itself! This can be rectified witn a olastic adapter at the gas main.)
2. An iron pipe leading to •ovina water is THE IDEAL wet
~round. (e.g. commercial water well systems use iron pipes which lead to constantly •oving aquifers.)
3. Using any aerial type of network as dry ground (e.g.
antenna) may cause the current to reverse leading to elec~rical hazard.
4. A gas pipe is preferable in this project, but you can still experiment with other metallic structures mounted in dry ground.
5. If 1ron pipe leading to a source of •oving water is
not feasible in your ease, trv the hot water outlet at vour water heater which tends to-;8rfor• a little better at •sucking• negative charge. <Better than the cold water inlet.)
6. Trv the hook-up w/o a F.G.!

SECTION
3-
REGIONAL LINKAGE

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.• - , : :..;·F.:.~~:-- ~ t"