zotero-db/storage/Z4UJEBT6/.zotero-ft-cache

STANDARD ATMOSPHERE, 1962
{/fJ (P '?/--- 1; :3 ! 7/0
• I C A 0 STANDARD ATMOSPHERE TO 20 KM
*PROPOSED EXTENSION TO 32 KM *TABLES AND DATA TO 700 KM

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December 1962 Washington, D.C.
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.
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U.S. STANDARD ATMOSPHERE, 1962
ICAO STANDARD ATMOSPHERE TO 20 KILOMETERS PROPOSED ICAO EXTENSION TO 32 KILOMETERS TABLES AND DATA TO 700 KILOMETERS

Prepared under sponsorsh ip of
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION UNITED STATES AIR FORCE
UNITED STATES WEATHER BUREAU

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U.S. STANDARD ATMOSPHERE, 1962

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To Harry Wexler
Dr. Harry Wexler, cochairman of the United States Committee on Extension to the Standard Atmosphere and Director of Meteorological Research for the United States Weather Bureau, died on August 11 , 1962 . Over a period of nearly fifteen years Dr. Wexler led the development and formulation of the United States Standard Atmosphere. This work is respectfully dedicated to him.
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Abstract
The U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 is a product oj OOESA generated under the impetus oj increased knowledge oj the higher atmosphere and more accurate determinations oj basic quantities, such as redefinition oj the absolute thermodynamic temperature scale. For all practical purposes the U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 is in agreement with the lOAO Standard over their common altitude range . Background injormation, including a briej historical statement, is given in the Foreword. The document is arranged in three parts . Part I gives the basis for the. main tables of atmospheric properties and contains a jull development oj gravity and geopotential a.~ well as the basic assumptions, formulas, and derived quantities. In Part II additional iriformation relating to the atmosphere is given, including discussion oj systematic variations, observed and injerred extremes, and representations oj atmospheric variables as approximate analytic junctions oj altitude. Part III contain8 the main tables oj atmospheric properties to 700 kilometers calculated in both metric and English units. Throughout the document figures and shoh tables are introduced to aid in visualizing the variation with altitude oj atmospheric parameters and to provide conversions between various units.
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Contents

ABSTRACT ___________________ __ ______ _________ _______ __ _________ _____ _____ _

LIST OF FIGURES _________________________________________________________ _

LIST OF TABLES ____________ _____ __________________________ _________ _____ ___

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS __ _______________________________ _ FOREWORD __ _____ ____ _____ ______ ______ ___ __________ __ ____ _______ __ ___ ___ __

PART I-BASIS OF THE TABLES __ _______ _________ ___ __ ______________ ______ _

1.0

INTRODUCTION ___ ________ ________________ __ _ ____________ -----------

1.1

BACKGROUND ____ ___ _ ___ __________ ___ ______ ____ __________ _ _____ ___ _

I.2

BASIC ASSUMPTIONS AND FORMULAS __ _________ _____________ _ __ _______ _

1.2.1 1.2 .2

PRIMARY CONSTANTS _ _____ _______ ______ ___ _________ ____ ____________ _ THE PERFECT GAS LAW ______________ __________ _________________ ___ _ _

1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5
1.2.6
1.2.7 1.2.8 1.2.9

THE HYDROSTATIC EQUATION _ ____ _____ _____ _______ ______ ________ _ ___ _
GRA~TY___ ___ _ _________________ _ _ _ ___________________ _______ _____
GEOPOTE TIAL ___ _____ ____ _ ____ _ _ _____ ___ ______ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ MOLECULAR- SCALE TEMPERATURE _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ MOLECULAR WEIGHT _____________________________________ __ _________ SEA-LEVEL PROPERTIES ___ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ ____ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _____ _ __ _____ _____ _

1.2.10 1.2.11 1.3 1.3.1

PRESSURE _ _ _________________________________ _ _____________________ DENSITY __ __________________________________________________________ DERlVED QUANTITIES____ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ __ _ ___ _ _ ___ _ _ ____ _ _ __ ____ ____ __ __ _ SPECIFIC WEIGHT__ ___ _ _ _ ____ _ _ _ _ _ ___ __ _ _ ___ _ __ _ _ __ ___ _ _ _ _ _ ____ _ _ _ _ _

1.3.2 1.3.3 1.3.4 1.3 .5 1.3.6

SCALE HEIGHTS___ _ _ _____ _______ _ _ _ _______________________ __ ________ NUMBER DE TSITY____ __ _________ ___ _________________________________ MEAN AIR-PARTICLE SPEED__ _ _ _ _ ____ _ ___ __ _ _ ____ _ _ _____ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ MEAN FREE PATH_ __ _ _ ____ _ ______ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ ____ ___ ____ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ COLLISION FREQUENCY _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ ___ ___ _ __ ____ __ _ _ _ _ ______ ____ __ _ _ __ _

1.3.7 1.3.8 1.3.9
1.3.10 1.3.11

SPEED OF SOUND _______ ___ ______________ _ __________ ___ _____________ COEFFICIE T OF VlSCOSITY ___________________________________ __ _____ __ KINEMATIC VISCOSITY _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ _ _ _ _ _ __ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY____ _ ______ ____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ MOLE VOLUME_____ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _

1.4

TABLES OF UNITS, CO VERSION FACTORS, A D DEFI ING PROPERTIES _ _ _ _ _ _

PARTII-ADDITIO ALINFORMATIO J RELATI GTOTHEATMOSPHERE_

II.O 11.1

INTRODUCTIO __________________ ___ ___________ _ ______ ______ ___ _ _ __ _ VALIDITY________ ____ ____________ ____ _______ ____ __________________ _

U.2

SYSTEMATIC VARIATIONS AN D OBSERVED AN D INFERRED EXTREMES __ _ _____ _

II.2.1 SEA LEVEL TO 90 KILOMETERS ___ ______________ _ ___ _ _ ___ _____ _ ______ _ __ _

II.2.2 90 KILOMETERS TO 200 .KILOMETERS ________________________________ _ __ _

U.2.3 200 KILOMETERS TO 700 KILOMETERS__________________________________ _

U.3

REPRESENTATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC VARIABLES AS APPROXIMATE ANALYTIC

FUNCTIONS OF AL'l'ITUDE____ _ __ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ ____ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ ____ _

REFERENCES _______________________________________________________________

Page
V
Vlli
x
xi
XlII
1
3 3 4 4 5 5 5 7 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 11
11
12 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 15 15
17 19 19 19 19 20 22
25
29

PART III-THE TABLES. (See edge index page, following. )

vii

List of Figures

Figure
1.2.4(a) 1.2.4(b) 1.2.6(a)
1.2 .6 ( b )
1.2 .7 1.2 . 10 1.2.11 I.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 I. 3.4 I.3 .5 I.3.6 1.3.7 1. 3. 8 1.3.9 1.3.10 1.3.11 II.2.1 (a)
II .2.1(b )
II.2.2(a)
I I .2 . 2 ( b )
II.2.2(c)
I I .3 ( a) II.3(b) I I .3 (c)

Page
Relationships between various heights ___________________ ____ - ________ _ 6 Acceleration due to gravil;y g as a function of geometric altitude Z _______ _ 7
Molecular-scale temperature TM and kinetic temperature T as functions of geometric altitude Z _______________________________ - _- __ - - ________ _ 8
Temperature T as a function of geopotential altitude H. (TM=T below Z = 90 km or H=88.743 km.)_____________ ______ ___________________ _ 8
Molecular weight M as a function of geometric altitude Z ___________.____ _ 9 Pressure P as a function of geometric altitude Z ___ ___ __________ _______ _ 11 Density p as a function of geometric altitude Z ______ _______________ ___ _ 11 Specific weight was a function of geometric altitude Z __________________ _ 11 Pressure scale height Hp as a function of geometric altitude Z ____ ________ _ 12
umber density n as a function of geometric altitude Z ___________ ______ _ 12
Mean particle speed iT as a function of geometric altitude Z _____ ______ __ _ 12
Mean free path L as a function of geometric altitude Z ______ __ _________ _ 13 Oollision frequency II as a function of geometric altitude Z ____ ___________ _ 13 Sound speed Os as a function of geometric altitude Z ________ _________ __ _ 14 Ooefficient of viscosity }J. as a function of geometric altitude Z __ __ _______ _ 14 Kinematic viscosity TJ as a function of geometric altitude Z ____ - _________ _ 14
Ooefficient of thermal conductivity k as a function of geometric altitude Z __ 15 Mole volume v asa function of geometric altitude Z __ ______ __________ __ _ 15
Range of systematic variability of density about th e U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 196.'8 ______________________________________________________ _ 20
Range of systematic variability of temp erature about the U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962__ __ ______ ____________ - _____ - _- _- _- _- _- - - ________ _ 20
Molecular-scale temperatures of U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 compared with ARDO Model Atmosphere, 1959 and with available data__________ _ 21
Density of U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 compared with ARDO Model Atmosphere, 1959 and with available data ____ _____________ __________ _ 23
Pressures of U.S . Standard Atmosphere, 1962 compared with ARDO M odel Atmosphere, 1959 and with available data ___________________________ _ 23
Oomparison of polynomial values with standard values of TM ___________ _ 26
R atio of approximate pressure to standard pressure for various altitudes ___ _ 26
Ratio of approximate density.to standard density for various altitudes _____ _ 29

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Edge Index for Main Tables

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VI -

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list of Tables

Table
1.2.1 I.2.7 1.2.8 1.4 (a) 1.4 (b)
1.4 (c)
I.4(d) 1.4 (e) II.2.3(a)
II.2.3(b) II.3(a) II .3(b)

Page

Adopted primary constants ________________________ ---- - - - - - - -_ -------

5

Normal composition of clean, dry atmospheric air near sea leveL ________ __ 9

Sea-level values of atmospheric properties _______________ __ ____ - ___ ____ _ 10

Metric to English conversions of units of length, mass, and geopotentiaL __ 15

Metric to English and ' absolute to nonabsolute conversions of temperature units ________________ __________________________ ___ ______________ _ 15

Absolute systems of units to absolute-force, gravitational system of units, metric-English ___ ____________________ __ __________________________ _ 16
Thermal to mechanical units, metric-English _______________ ~ __________ _ 16

Defining properties of the s~andard atmosphere ________________________ _ 16

Temperature differences between the present atmospheric model and

icolet's 1961 modeL ________________________ ___________________ __ 24

Corrections to 10glOP for various top-atmospheric temperatures ___________ _ 25

D erived polynomial coefficients for polynomials of various degrees ___ _____ _ 27

Expansion in partial fractions and evaluation of the integraL ____________ _ 28

MA IN TABLES

I Temperature, pressure, and density. Metric units __________________________ 35 II Acceleration due to gravity, specific weight, pressure scale height, number
density, particle speed, collision frequency, mean free path, and molecular weight. Metric units __________________________________________________ 61
III Sound speed, coefficient of viscosity, kinematic viscosity, and thermal conductivity. Metric units ________________________________________________ 87
IV Temperature, pressure, and density. English units_ _________________________ 107 V Acceleration due to gravity, specific weight, pressure scale height, number
density, particle speed, collision frequency, mean free path, and molecular weight. English units _________________________________________________ 14!l
VI Sound speed, coefficient of viscosity, kinematic viscosity, and thermal conductivity. English units ____ ____ ______ __ ______ ____ ____ __ ________ ______ _ 191
VII Geopotential altitude in meters as a function of pressure in millibars________ ___ 225 'VIII Geopotential altitude in meters as a function of pressure in millimeters of
mercury__________________________________ ______ _____ ________________ 241 IX Geopotential altitude in feet as a function of pressure in millibars_ ____________ 255 X Geopotential altitude in feet as a function of pressure in inches of mercury _____ 271

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list of Symbols and Abbreviations

a
a1J
BT
b °C Ct C. cal cm of
FlO
.f
ft G g g gm H Hp
Hp h
i
ill .
i.n. mi J oK
K1J
k kg kg-cal kgf kg-mol km kw-bl' L
L'M
lb lb-mol lbf M M
m mb mks mm N

radius of the earth at the equator geomagnetic index British thermal unit subscript indicating base or reference level; also semiminor axis, or polar radius degrees, in thermodynamic Celsius scale international magnetic cbaracter figure speed of sound calorie centimeter degrees, in thermodynamic Fahrenheit scale decimeLric solar flux ellipsoid flattening foot Newton's universal gravitational constant acceleration due to gravity gravity force, per unit mass gram geopotential altitude pressure scale height density scale height H-Hb subscript indicating ice-point value inch international nautical mile second zonal harmonic coefficient degrees, in thermodynamic Kelvin scale 3-hour range index thermal conductivity kilogram (mass) kilogram-calorie kilogram (force) kilogram-mole kilometer kilowatt hour mean free path
moIecular-scaIe temperature geometn.c grad·lent, ddTZM
moIecular-scaIe temperature geopotentl.aI grad·lent, ddTHM
pound (mass) pound-mole (mass) pound (force) mean molecular weight of air mass of the earth
meter millibar meter-kilogram-second system of units millimeter Avogadro's number
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n

number density; also exponent

o

subscript indicating sea-level value

P

pressure

pdl

poundal

OR

degrees, in thermodynamic Rankine scale

R

position vector

R*

universal gas constant

r

radial distance

S

Sutherland's constant

sec

second

T

temperature in absolut.e thermodynamic scales

T D

maximum daytime temperature

Tj

ice-point temperature in absolute thermodynamic scales

T M

moleeular-scale temperature in absolute thermodynamic scales

TN

minimum nighttime temperature

t

temperature in nonabsolute thermodynamic scales; also, day of year

tj

ice-point temperature in nonabsolute thermodynamic scales

u

universal measure of magnetic activity

V

particle speed (arithmetic average)

v

mole volume of air under existing conditions of T and P

Z

altitude in geometric measure

{3

constant used in Sutherland's viscosity equation

'Y

ratio of specific heats

1/

kinematic viscosity

8

longitude

Jl.

coefficient of viscosity

II

collision frequency

p

mass density

(J

effective collision diameter of a mean air molecule

<fl

geopotential

<flc

centrifugal potential

<flo

potential energy of the gravitational attraction

cJ>

geographic latitude

1/1

geocentric latitude

1/1'

angular distance from cent.er of diurnal bulge

n

angular velocity of the earth

w

specific weight

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Foreword
On March 15, 1962, a revised U .S. Standard Atmosphere to 700 kIn was adopted by the United States Oommittee on Extension to the Standard Atmosphere (OOESA), representing 29 U.S. scientific and engineering organizations. This committee has also recommended the lower 32 kIn of this representation of the atmosphere to the International Oivil Aviation Organization (IOAO) for international standardization. The lowest 20 km of this new OOESA atmosphere coincides with the 20 kIn Manual oj the l OAO Standard Atmosphere, 1954, except for minor differences due to revised standardization of some physical constants.
This report revises and replaces OOESA's first report, U.S. Extension to the l OAO Standard Atmosphere-Tables and Data to 300 Standard Geopotential Kilometers, 1958 (ref. 1).
The U.S. Air Force, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the U.S. Weather Bureau cosponsored the movement which led to this new representation of the atmosphere. Participating organizations included:
Aeronautical Systems Division, AF 0 Air Force Deputy Oommander Aerospace Systems, AFSO Air Weather Service, USAF Applied Physics'Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University Army Ballistic Missile Agency Army Signal Research and Development Laboratory Ballistic Research Laboratories (Aberdeen Proving Ground) Battelle Memorial Institute The Boeing Oompany Federal Aviation Agency General Dynamics/Astronautics Geophysics Oorporation of America Geophysics Research Directorate, AFORL Goddard Space Flight Oenter, ASA Harvard Oollege and Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical Observatories High Altitude Engineering Laboratory, University of Michigan Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Oalifornia Institute of Technology Langley Research Oenter, NASA Lockheed Missiles and Space Oompany George O. Marshall Space Flight Center, ASA NASA Headquarters National Bureau of Standards, D epartment of Commerce Naval Proving Grounds Naval Research Laboratory Navy Weather R esearch Facility The Rand Oorporation Space Technology Laboratories, Inc. United States Weather Bureau, D ep artment of Oommerce White Sands Missile Range OOESA is a group of scientific and engineering organizations, each holding national responsibilities related to the requirement for accurate tables of the atmosphere to high altitudes. After they joined forces to develop such an atmosphere in November 1953, several new organizations were added to the ranks. A working group, appointed at the first meeting, met frequently between 1953 and the end of 1956. Their recommendations, which were accepted by the entire committee, were published in 1958 (ref. 1). Scientific progress quickly rendered this 1958 document obsolete, since orbital periods of the first Sputnik indicated that densities at the upper altitudes were in error by more than an order
xiii

of magnitude. The Working Group was reestablished in January 1960 to review all available satellite and rocket data as r elated to the COESA tables and to consider the need for revision. For the next year, the Working Group studied new data and theories from more refined satellite flights. The information obtained from the early USSR satellites was insufficient for the purpose because the USSR aerodynamic configurations were not made known and the data covered only the lower altitude range of satellite orbits. A few years of observations at satellite altitudes were also required to understand the effects of solar activity and position. The United States satellites provided the necessary extreme-altitude data. Additional rocket flights provided needed detail for levels above those of balloon flights . The COESA Working Group prepared a recommendation from this new scientific inventory which was accepted by the entire committee. Active Working Group participants included:
*Dr. Luigi J acchia, Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical Observatory, Chairman Mr. N orman Sissenwine, AFCRL, Executive Secretary Mr. Herbert Appleman, Air Weather Service Dr . H. J. aufm Kampe, USA Signal Corps, R&D Laboratory *tDr. K. S. W. Champion, AFCRL *Mr. Allen E. Cole, AFCRL Mr. Walter C. Conover, USA Signal Corps, R&D Laboratory Dr. Arnold Oourt, AFORL Mr. Maurice Dubin,' NASA Lt. 001. J. C . Glover, Air Weather Service Mr. R. K. Hankey, ASD, Wright-Patterson AFB *Mr. Richard A. Hord, Langley R esearch Oenter, ASA Dr. D . P. Johnson, National Bureau of Standards Dr. F. S. Johnson, Lockheed Missile Systems Division Mr. Leslie M . Jones, University of Michigan Dr. H. K. Kal1mann-Bijl, The R and Corporation Dr. W. W . Kellogg, The Rand Corporation Mr. Herman LaGow, Goddard Space Flight Oenter, ASA Dr. Philip Mange, aval R esearch Laboratory Mr. R aymond Minzner, Geophysics Corporation of America Dr. William Nordberg, Goddard Space Flight Oenter , NASA tMr. W . J . O'Sullivan, Jr., L angley Research Center, ASA Dr, H artley L. Pond, AFCRL Mr. Roderick S. Quiroz, Air Weather Service, USAF Mr. Orvel E . mith, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA Mr. elson W. Spencer, Goddard Space Flight Oenter, NASA tMr. Sidney Teweles, U.S. Weather Bureau Dr. Harry Wexler, U.S. Weather Bureau This revised US. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 depicts idealized middle-latitude year-round mean conditions for the range of solar activity that occurs between sunspot minimum and sunspot maximum. P art I gives the b asis for the tables appearing in P art III. Supplemental presentations provided in P art II indicate the variability of density above 200 kIn with solar position and activity. For lower altitudes they indicate the range of seasonal and day-to-day variability that can be deduced from the available data. Although density is the primary atmospheric property measured at or deduced for very high altitudes, it is necessary to define the atmosphere in terms of temperature, in order to achieve continuity between the ICAO atmosphere and its extension. The application of molecular-scale temperature segments at higher altitudes yields densities which are consistent with observed densities. T able I.4(a) is the basic framework for the tables of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962. T he new US. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 agrees in general with but differs in detail from the Committee on Space R esearch (COSPAR) International Reference Atmosphere, CIRA 1961. CIRA 1961 is not in agreement with the ICAO Standard Atmosphere. The US. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 provides detail and more parameters than CIRA 1961 , and includes refinements in matching the data that were not possible in the earlier COSPAR atmosphere.
*Contributor to Part II. tEditor.
xiv

Close contact between CO PAR and COE A has reduced discrepancies between the two atmospheres to a minimum.
On the basis of information provided by the COESA Working Group, this document was prepared by personnel of the ASA Langley Research Center, notably: Dr. John E. Duberg, Mr. William J. O'Sullivan, Jr., Mr. Richard A. Hord, Dr. S. L. Seaton, and Mr. James A. Mullins, who wrote and revised the manuscript; Miss Vera Huckel and Miss Jean Mason , who did the checking and curve-fitting; and Mr. Roger Butler and Miss Lillian Boney, who wrote the machine programs for computation of the tables.
The cochairmen would like to take this opportunity to thank the many Working Group scientists and engineers who contributed unselfishly of their time and energies to bring this new representation of the atmosphere into being. Our special thanks and that of all organizations of the committee go to the individuals who prepared and edited this report.
MAURICE DUBIN, NASA NORMA SISSENWINE, USAF
HARRY WEXLER, USWB Cochairmen , U.S. Committee on Extension to the Standard Atmosphere
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PART I
Basis of the Tables

66 G502 0 - 63 - 2

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PART I

Basis of the Tables

1.0 INTRODU CTION
Part I gives the basis for computation of the main tables of atmospheric properties that appear in Part III. Also included in Part I are short tables of physical constants, conversion factors, and defining properties used in the computations.

1.1 BACKGROUND

The modern standard atmosphere was first de-

veloped in the 1920's in the United States and in

Europe to satisfy a need for standardization of

aircraft instruments and aircraft performance. The

United States standard atmosphere was generated

by the ational Advisory Committee for Aero-

nautics (NACA) while the European standard at-

mosphere was produced by the International Com-

mission for Aerial Navigation (ICAN). There were

slight differences between the independently de-

veloped ICAN and NACA atmospheres. These

differences were reconciled and international uni-

formity was achieved through adoption by the

International Civil Aviation Organization (IOAO),

on November 7, 1952, of a new standard atmosphere.

This new standard was officially accepted by ACA

on November 20, 1952, and forms the basis for tables

published in NACA Report 1235 (ref. 2). The

computations for these tables were carried out by

the United States. . Parts of the tables were inde-

pendently computed by the Italian government.

Conversions from metric to English units were made

in accordance with internationally adopted conver-

sion factors. The tables extended over an altitude

range from 5 km below to 20 km above mean sea

level.

.

Shortly after this first international standard

atmosphere was published, a need began to be ap-

parent for extension of the tables to greater altitudes.

T he U.S. Committee on Extension to the Standard

Atmosphere (COESA) was organized in 1953, and

adopted in 1956 the U.s. Extension to the ICAO

Standard Atmosphere (ref. 1) including tables, de-

veloped from theory, extending to an altitude of

300 geopotential kilometers.

At about this same time, reliable instrumentation

of rockets and satellites made possible experimental

determinations of important atmospheric properties

to altitudes of the order of 1,000 kilometers. This

new information so added to the fund of knowledge that in J anuary 1961 a new Working Group of COESA was convened for the purpose of developing a new standard atmosphere.
In .order to obtain the best scope and in order to achieve the purpose in minimum time, task groups were formed to lay the foundation for this standard atmosphere. Membership of these task groups was as follows:
Task Group I-Surface to 90 kID Arnold Oourt (Oonvener) K. S. W. Champion Luigi J acchia Raymond A. Minzner Harold B. Tolefson (Liaison) Lester M. Jones (Adviser) William ordberg (Adviser)
Task Group II-90 kID to 200 kID Herman E. LaGow (Convener) Nelson W. Spencer Raymond A. Minzner K. S. W. Champion Philip W. Mange Richard A. Hord (Liaison)
Task Group I II- 200 kID to 700 kID H. K. Kailmann-Bijl (Convener) Luigi J acchia F. S. Johnson K. S. W . Champion John E. Duberg (Liaison)
Task Group IV-90 km to 700 km Herman E . LaGow (Convener) K. S. W. Ohampion F. S. Johnson H. K. Kailmann-Bijl Philip W. Mange Raymond A. Minzner
The purpose, then, of this U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 is to take account of increased knowledge and more accurate determinations of basic quantities, including the redefinition of the absolute thermodynamic temperature scale by the Tenth General Conference on Weights and Measures in 1954. For all practical purposes, the U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 is in agreement with the ICAO Standard Atmospher e over their common altitude range.

3

4

u. S. STANDARD ATMOSPHERE, 1962

The U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 is divided into four altitude regions. The first, from -5 to +20 km (geopotential altitude), is designated standard. A second region, from 20 to 32 km (geopotential altitude), is designated proposed standard. N ext, the region from 32 km (geopotential altitude) to 90 km' (geometric altitude) is called tentative, and last, that portion from 90 to 700 km (geometric altitude) is termed speculative.
Expressions for the variation with altitude of the acceleration due to gravity have been reexamined by COESA and are discussed in section 1.2.4.
In extending the U.S. Standard Atmosphere to 700 km, and in light of the designations attached to various height intervals (implying increasing uncertainty with increasing height), there is included a discussion of variability and extremes of data in order to give those using this standard an appreciation of such excursions from the standard as may be met in practice. Fundamentally, the U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 is defined in terms of an ideal air assumed to be devoid of moisture, water vapor, and dust, and obeying the perfect gas law. It is based upon accepted standard values of the sea-level air density, temperature, and pressure.
For most purposes, the adoption of a sequence of connected linear segments involving variations of molecular-scale temperature with altitude to represent standard conditions is satisfactory and is retained here. However, there is added, for those needing a smoothed change of molecular-scale temperature with altitude, a section dealing with approximate analytic expressions for the molecular-scale temperature and other variables.
The bulk of this volume is devoted to tabulated values of atmospheric properties. It is especially to be noted that up to 90 km entry is made to the tables in terms of geopotential altitude on the left-hand pages, while on right-hand pages entry is inade in terms of geometric altitude. Above 90 kID entry is made in geometric altitude only.
Metric tables appear first, followed by similar tables in English units. It is also to be noted that at the 90-km level, tabular entry of certain quantities is terminated for technical reasons discussed in the text. In the following paragraphs basic concepts and formulas are developed first, followed by relationships between variables and t hen by derived quantities. Graphs illustrative of the functions appear in the body of the text near the equations in order to facilitate visualization of the behavior of the quantities. Units and conversion factors are arranged in convenient tables.
1.2 BASIC ASSUMPTIONS AND FORMULAS
1.2.1 PRIMARY CONSTA Ts.-For purposes of computation it is necessary to establish numerical values for various constants appropriate to the

earth's atmosphere. In some instances the best value of the constant is known to greater accuracy than needed in atmospheric tables, and thus, rounding to a suitable value is appropriate. Table 1.2.1 gives numerical values adopted as exact for the computations contained herein.

Discussion of these tabular values is as follows:

Po

Sea-level pressure is, by definition, 1.013250

X 105 newtons m-2. This corresponds to

the pressure exerted by a column of

mercury 0.760 m high, having a density

of 1.35951 X 104 kg m-3 and sub ject to an

acceleration due to gravity of 9.80665 m sec-2.

Po, to

Sea-level density and temperature, respec-

tively, are those values published in the

ICAO Standard Atmosphere.

go

The value for go, sea-level acceleration due

to gravity, was adopted by the ICAO for

the ICAO Standard Atmosphere and is

adopted here as the value at exactly 45°

geographic latitude.

S, /3

Sutherland's constant Sand /3, also a con-

stant, are used in Sutherland's viscosity

equation. These constants are deter-

mined from empirical data on the vis-

cosity of air (ref. 3) in accordance with

Sutherland's equation, and in general

engineering practice the values shown in

table 1.2.1 are used.

Tt

Temperature of the ice point is 273.15° K .

This value results from the decision in

October 1954 by the Tenth General

Conference on Weights and Measures,

meeting in Paris, France, to redefine the

temperature scale by selecting the triple

point of water as the fundamental, fixed

point and assigning it the temperature

273.16° K (0 .01 ° C).

The ratio of the specific heat of air at con-

stant pressure to the specific heat of air

at constant volume is adopted as 1.40

(dimensionless) .

The mean collision diameter for air is

assumed to be a constant for all altitudes

(ref. 4).

N

Avogadro's number based on the scale

C12= 12.0000. (The International Union

of Pure and Applied Chemistry, meeting

in Montreal in 1961, adopted a new table

of atomic weights based on the assign-

ment of atomic weight 12.0000 to the C12

isotope.)

R*

The value of R* adopted here is that given

in r eference 5 when the latter is corrected

for the aforementioned change in the

atomic-weight scale.

BAS IS O F THE TABLES

5

TABLE I.2.L-ADOPTED PRIMARY CONSTANTS

Symbol

Metric units (mks)

English units (ft-lb-sec)

Po

1.013250 X 105 newtons m-2

Po

1.2250 kg m-3

to

15° C

go

9.80665 m sec-'

S

110.4° K

T,

273 .15° K

{J

1.458 X 10-6 kg sec-1m-l (OK)-1/2

'Y

lAO (dimensionless)

u

3.65XlO-10 m

N

6.02257 X 1026 (kg-mol)-l

R* 8.31432 joules (OK)-l mol-I

2116.22 Ibf ft-2
0.076474 Ib ft-3 59.0° F 32.1741 ft sec-2
198.72° R
491.67° R 7.3025 X 10-7 Ib ft-1sec-1(OR)-1 /2
lAO (dimensionless) 1.1975 X 10-9 ft 2.73179 X 1026 (lb-mol)-I 1545.31 ft lb (lb-mol)-I (OR)-I

Conversion factors between the English and mks systems, in accordance with an agreement reached by the directors of the standards laboratories of six English-speaking nations, effective July 1, 1959, are (from ref. 6):
1 ft=0.3048 meter (exact) 1 Ib=0.45359237 kg (exact)

the centrifugal force, which results from the choice of an earthbound, rotating frame of reference.
The gravity field, being a conservative force field, can conveniently be derived from the gravity potential energy, per unit mass-that is, from the geopot;ential <P. This is given by
1.2.4-(1)

1.2.2 THE PERFECT GAS LAw.-The equation of state of a perfect gas (the perfect gas law) and the hydrostatic equation (see section 1.2.3) are convenient starting points in the development of the expressions and relationships necessary to realization

where <Pa is the potential energy, per unit mass, of the gravitational attraction, and <Pc is the potential energy, per unit mass, associated with the centrifugal force. The gravity force, per unit mass, is

of tables of values descriptive of the earth's atmosphere.

g=-'V<P

I.2.4-(2)

The equation of state of a perfect gas is (from

ref. 7):

where 'V<p is the gradient (ascendant) of the geo-

potential. The acceleration due to gravity is denoted

1.2.2-(1)

by g and is defined as the magnitude of g; that is,

I

wherein P is the atmospheric pressure, p is the air density, R* is the universal gas constant, and Tis

1.2.4-(3)
I

the absolute temperature. It is to be noted that The gravity field is conveniently represented by its

M, the mean molecular weight of air, is assumed to be constant up to an altitude of 90 km, while above

equipotential Oevel) surfaces, on each of which the geopotential <P is constant, the surfaces being pierced

I

this altitude M varies because of increasing dis- orthogonally by curves called the lines of gravity

j

sociation and diffusive separation.

force . At each point on a line of force, the tangent

1.2.3 THE HYDROSTATIC EQUATIO .-In adopting the hydl'ostatic equation it is assumed that the

has the direction of the corresponding gravity force vector g.

I

atmosphere is static with respect to the earth. The

In this document the geometric altitude Z of a

equation in appropriate form is :

point is defined as the distance, measured along the

I

line of force through the point, from the equipotential

dP=-pg dZ

1.2.3-(1) surface for which <P=o to the point in question, the

surface for which <P=o corresponding closely to mean

j

The acceleration due to gravity g and the geometric sea level. (The slight differences between geometric

altitude Z are discussed in detail in later sections of the document.

altitude as defined here and several straight-line distances, shown schematically in fig. 1.2.4 (a) , are

I

1.2.4 GRAVITy.-Viewed in the ordinary manner,

negligible, for most practical purposes, in the altitude

from a frame of reference fixed in the earth, the range considered herein.) With this definition, the

atmosphere is subject to the force of gravity. The differential relation of the geometric altitude Z and

force of gravity is the resultant (vector sum) of two

the geopotential <t> is

forces: (a) the gravitational attraction, in accordance

with Newton's universal law of gravitation, and (b)

d<t>=g dZ

1.2.4-(4)

L _ _ _. _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _

6
Polar plumb line (Line of forcel

u. S. STA NDARD A TMOSPHERE, 1 96 2

Rodius line-l

\ Tangent to line of \ force ot sea tevet

/ / / /
/ /
/

/
~ Radius line

I I
//"'<- Middle ·1011 tude plumb line

/ /
/ / / /
//
/ 1/ I /

(Line of forcel

Equotorlal plumb line
(line of force)

<I>a=-G~ [l-~(~y (3sin21/;-1)J+G~ (1+0

1.2.4-(8)

where Gis ewton's universal gravitational constant, M is the mass of the earth, and J is the second harmonic coefficient.
Equations 1.2.4-(1), - (2), - (3), - (7) , and -(8) define the gravity field of the earth for the purposes of this document. The adopted geopotential <I> is independent of the longitude fJ . Therefore, the defined gravity field is axially symmetric. Moreover, each line of force lies entirely in 'a meridian half-plane, fJ=Constant, and has the differential equation

r1 o<I>
dl/; 01/; r dr = 0<I>
Or

1.2.4-(9)

FIGURE I.2.4(a).- R elationships between variou heights.

which is the incremental work done in lifting a unit mass a distance dZ against the gravity force. Therefore, the geopotential at a point whose altitude is Z is given by

<I>=lZg dZ

1.2.4-(5)

where the integration is performed along the line of force which passes through the point. (The general equation for the difference between the geopotential at points A and B is:

1.2.4-(6)

where the line integral on the right-hand side is independent of the path and R is the position vector of a point on the path.)
The centrifugal potential <I>c can be expressed as
1.2.4-(7)
where n is the angular velocity of the earth and r cos I/;
is the distance, measured perpendicularly to the earth's axis, from this axis to the point (r,8,1/;). The spherical coordinates r, 8, and 1/t are, respectively, the radial distance from the earth's center, the longitude, and the geocentric latitude (the angle that the radius vector makes with the equatorial plane of the earth). In equation 1.2.4-(7), the constant a denotes the equatorial radius of the earth.
The gravitational potential <I>G can be expanded in
an infinite series of spherical harmonics. When the less important terms in this series are discarded, the
expression for <I>a becomes

The gravity line of force passing through the point for which <I> = O and g=go is the curve along which the present standard atmosphere is pustulated. It is possible to select the value of the constant GM
(see eq. 1.2.4- (8» well within the present limits of measurement and in such a way that the point for which <I>=O and g=go corresponds precisely to the geographic latitude ci>=45° (geocentric latitude 1/1=44.808°); this has been done with the use of selected average values for J and a (see ref. 8):

J = 1.623495 X 10-3 (dimensionless) 1.2.4-(10)

a~6,378,178 meters

1.2.4-(11)

The corresponding value of GM is

GM=3.9862216 X 1014 meters3 sec- 2 1.2.4-(12)

For the accuracy required in this document, it suffices to treat the surface <I> = O as an ellipsoid whose flattening (ellipticity) is

1.2.4- (13)

where b is the semiminor axis, or polar radius. It should be noted that this value of the flattening is the avera"'e value given in reference 8. In terms of a and b the values To and 1/10 which correspond to sea levei and ci> = 45° are found from the analytic geometry of the ellipse to be:
1.2.4-(14)

1.2.4-(15)

--- -

-

- _ . _ _ _ _ .J

( --- - - - - - - - - - - - --- - - - - - - -

I

BASIS OF THE TABLES

7

Approximations, sufficiently accurate for the computations required herein, are developed in the following paragraphs for the equations of the line of gravity force and the acceleration due to gravity
(see ref. 9). Since the geopotential as approximated here is
independent of the longitude angle 0, the binomial series can be used to write the following expanded form of equation 1.2.4-(3):

It is sufficiently accurate to retain only the first two terms in the series in brackets and replace (OipjOr) 2 in the denominator of the second term by (GMja2) 2. The resulting approximate form for eq~tion 1.2.4-(16) is

g={ (;y [l-J ~l.f

(3 sin21/;-1)J

y -rn2 cos2 if;} [1+~ ~ (;~y eG~Ja2+n2r2

(sin if; cOS 1/;)2J I.2.4-(17)

Simultaneous numerical integrations of equation 1.2.4- (9) and the equation

1.2.4-(1 8)

have revealed that the following linear approximations are adequate for present purposes:

I/;=I/;o+(~~)o (r-ro)

1.2A-(19)

Z

Z

r=ro+(dZ\ =ro+../1 +r02(dl/;/dr) 02 I.2.4-(20)

dr:}o

With the use of equations 1.2.4-(19) and 1.2.4-(20) to replace r and I/; by linear functions of Z, equation 1.2.4-(17) yields an approximate equation for the acceleration due to gravity as a function of the geometric altitude (shown graphically in fig. 1.2.4(b».
1.2.5 GEOPOTENTIAL.- ln accordance with the equation 1.2.4-(5) relating the geometric altitude Z to the geopotential ip, the following equation is used to define the geopotential altitude H:

1.2.5-(1)

Here, go denotes the standard sea-level value of the acceleration due to gravity. As in the case of equa- .

700

600

500

E

oX

cU

'0
~

400

0

u

q;;:
§

300

.3

200

-t t-- -.l

L +- -

I

-t

--,-

-+

t

100

0

75

8.0

8.5

9.0

9.5

10

Acceleration due to gravi ty, m sec "

FIGURE I.2,4(b).-Acceleration due to gra vity g as a function of geometric altitude Z.

tion 1.2.4- (5), the integration in equation 1.2.5- (1) is performed along the line of force which passes through the point in question. (The geopotential altitude as defined in eq. 1.2.5- (1) has the dimensions of length and is numerically equal to the corresponding geopotential altitude measured in "geopotential length" units (for example, "standard geopotential meter," symbol m', where 1 m'=9.80665 m2 sec-2). The quantity H is physically equivalent to ip, which is the work done in elevating unit mass from sea level to (geometric) altitude Z. The definition of H given above is not the conventional meteorological one in which go in eq. 1.2.5-(1) would be taken as dimensionless and H would have the dimensions of (Length)2 (Time)-2, that is, "geopotential length." The definition adopted here avoids the confusing feature of dividing the geopotential ip by a dimensionless number whose value changes when the system of units is changed. For meteorological usage, the column labels H, m and H, ft in the tables of Part III can be read H', m' and H', ft', respectively, where the primed units refer to standard geopotential meters and feet, respectively, and H' is the geopotential altitude in the meteorological sense. For further discussion of geopotential altitude, see ref. 10.)
It is important to realize that the distance measured in physical length (as with a meter bar) between successive geopotential surfaces 1 geopotential unit apart is not constant, but increases in physical distance with increasing elevation.

- - - --- - - - --

8

u. S. ST ANDARD ATMOSPHERE , 1962

1

The meaning of geometric altitude Z and of geopotential altitude H can be seen by reference to figure 1.2.4(a) . If Itn elementary plumb line is used to explore gravity and if this plumb line is
rotating with the earth, then, starting at point 0 and proceeding outward, the little plumb line will mark out line segments which progress along the curved path OP. Under the influence of gravitational and centrifugal forces this line OP will bend polewards as it rises except along the axis of rotation of the earth and along an equatorial radius extended. In figure 1.2.4(a), the arc length cis measured along the line of gravity force from P to P' is identical with the increment dZ in geometric altitude as defined in section 1.2.4. That is, the geometric altitude Z is the physical distance along the line OP. Since

dH= JLdZ go

1.2.5-(2)

700

""L,_I L

600

temperature I -

500

E

""-

oJ

-0
~

400

'"6

u

<:

Q)
E

300

0

Q)

t:)

200

100

I

I Kinetic

/1

temperature --/'

V

I /
J V r-

I
I
,

~ .",-

(

then, clearly, the geopotential altitude IS measured also along the line OP but differs in

o

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Temperature, OK

numerical value because of the variation of the acceleration due to gravity.
It is to be noted tha t the scale in figure 1.2.4(a)

FIG URE I.2.6 (a).- Molecular-scale t emperature TM and kinetic t emperature T as functions of geometric altitude Z.

is exaggerated in order to show the nature of the

curvature of the middle-latitude plumb line (line

90

of force) and to show clearly the relationship be-

tween tangent line, radius line, and projections. 1.2.6 MOLE CULAR-SCALE TEMPERATURE.-The
molecular-scale temperature TM is defined by
I.2.6-(1)
Molecular-scale temperature is the defining property in this atmosphere and, up to geometric altitude Z = 90 km, the molecular-weight ratio MIMo = l and hence TM = T . Above 90 km, MIMo is less than unity and hence TM is greater than T. (See figs. 1.2.6(a) and 1.2.6(b) for variation of TM with altitude.)
The molecular-scale temperature variation is defined as a series of connected segments linear in

80

70

E 60
.0£
oJ
-0
~ 50
'"6

Q

c
0'"

40

0-

0

0'" 30

20

~
~
~
~
'\
'\
/
../
/
/
V

geopotential altitude to Z=90 km, and linear in

geometric altitude above 90 km. The general form of each linear segment is:
I.2.6-(2)

10
---- ---- ~
o
160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

I

to 90 km, and

Tempera ture, OK

I

above 90 km.

FIGU RE I.2.6(b) .-Tempera ture T as a functioil of geopoten-

I.2 .6-(3)

tial altitude H. (TM=T below Z = 90 km or H=88.743 k m .)

I

It is to be noted that L'M is the gradient of

molecular-scale temperature with geopotential altitude temperature with geometric altitude dJ;. The

I

ddTHM '

and

L M

.
IS

t h e

gradI. ent

of

molecular-scale

quantity Hb is the geopotential altitude at the base

of a particular layer characterized by a specific

I

1
--___ J

l

BASIS O F TH E TABLES

9
I

700

600

500

.Ex

.;

"0
~

400

-0

u ;::

Q:; E

300

v 0

l?

200

100

1\

\

~

i
i

~

f'.
~

I I-

~

~
--1--- - -0 -

geopotential altitude H on left-hand pages, while on right-hand pages entry is made in terms of geometric altitude Z. Above 90 lan the tables are arranged for entry in geometric altitude only.
1.2.7 MOLECULAR WEIGHT.-Up to Z=90 lan the molecular weight M is taken as constant at 28.9644 (scale: C12= 12.0000; see section 1.2.1 for further discussion of this atomic-weight scale) . This value of M is, to six significant figures, the sea-level value Mo found from the perfect-gas law (eq. 1.2.2-(1» and the adopted values of Po, Po, tOI and R* (see table 1.2.1). The value 28.9644 is equivalent to the value 28.966 (scale: oxygen=16) adopted in resolution 164 of the International Meteorological Organization Twelfth Conference of Directors, 1948, and is equal, to six significant figures, to the mean molecular weight of air calculated from the composition of dry air as given in table

o

I

14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

Moleculor we ight, kg/ kg - mol

FIGURE 1.2.7.-Molecular weight M as a function of geometric altitude Z.

1.2.7. Table 1.2.7 is taken from reference 11 except for minor modifications based upon recent 002 measurements. (See, for example, ref. 12.)
Above 90 lan, mainly because of molecular dissociation and diffusive separation, the molecular weight changes as depicted in figure I.2 .7. A very limited amount of experimental data about molecular weight is presently available above an altitude of

value of L'M, while TM,b is the value of TM at altitude Hb or Zb, as appropriate. At and above 90 lan, Zb, the geometric altitude at the base of a particular layer characterized by a specific value of L M , is used in place of H b• The defining base values and gradients are given in table 1.4(e).
It is again emphasized that for altitudes up to 90 km the tables are arranged for entry in terms of

90 lan. The tabulated molecular weights have been calculated from polynomials fitted to the values given in reference 13 .
1.2.8 SEA-LEVEL PROPERTIES.-Since mean sea level is the zero-altitud e reference point in the computations, it is convenient to present numerical values for this reference point. These values are given in table 1.2.8.

TABLE 1.2.7.-NoRMAL COMPOSITION OF CLEAN, DRY ATMOSPHERIC AIR NEAR SEA LEVEL

Constituent gas and formula

Content variable Content, percent by volume relative to its
normal

Molecular weight*

Nitrogen (N2) Oxygen (02) Argon (Ar) Carbon dioxide (CO2) Neon (Ne) Helium (He) Krypton (Rr) Xenon (Xe) Hydrogen (H2) Methane (CHf) Nitrous oxide (N2O) Ozone (03)
Sulfur dioxide (S02) Nitrogen dioxide (N02) Ammonia (NH3) Carbon monoxide (CO) Iodine (12)

78. 084 20. 9476

-

28. 0134

-

31. 9988

O. 934

-

39. 948

O. 0314 O. 001818 O. 000524

t

44.00995

-

20. 183

-

4. 0026

0.000114

-

83. 80

O. 0000087

-

131. 30

O. 00005

?

2. 01594

O. 0002 O. 00005

t

16. 04303

-

44. 0128

Summer: 0 to O. 000007

t

47. 9982

Winter: 0 to O. 000002
o to O. 0001 o to O. 000002 o to trace o to trace o to O. 000001

t

47. 9982

t

64. 0628

t

46. 0035

t

17.03061

t

28. 01055

t

253. 8088

·On basis of carbon-12 isotope scale for wbich CII=12. tThe content of the gases marked with a dagger may undergo signillcant variations (rom time to time or (rom place to place relati.e to the normallndlcated (or those gases.

10 Symbol

u. S. STA N DARD ATMOSPHERE , 1 9 62

TABLE I.2.8.-SEA-LEVEL VALUES OF ATMOSPHERIC PROPERTIES

Metric

English

C •. o *go
Hp ,o ko Lo Mo no *po *To Vo
1/0
J.LO
vo *Po
*0'0
wo

340.294 m sec-I
9.80665 m sec-2
8434.5 m 6.0530 X 10-6 kg-cal m- I sec- I(OK) - I
6.6328 X 10-8 m
28.9644 (dimensionless) 2.5471 X 1026 m-a
1.013250 X 106 newtons m- 2
288.15° K
458.94 m sec-I 1.4607 X 10-6 m 2 sec- I
1.7894X 10-6 kg m- I sec- I
6.9193X 109 sec- 1
1.2250 kg m-3 3.65XlO- lo m 12.013 kg m-2 sec-2

1116.45 ft sec-I 32.1741 ft sec-~
27,672 ft 4.0674 X 10-6 BTU ft- I sec-I( OR)- l
2.1761 X 10:-7 ft 28.9644 (dimensionless)
7.2127 X 1023 ft- 3 2116.22 lbf ft- 2
518.67° R 1505.7 ft sec- I 1.5723 X 10-' ft2 sec- 1 1.2024 X 10- 6 lb ft- I sec- 1 6.9193 X 109 sec- 1 0.076474 lb ft- a 11.975 X 10- 10 ft 2.4605 lb ft- 2 sec- 2

'These values are adopted for purposes of computation. The remaining values are derived from the adopted values.

I.2.9 ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE.-The absolute temperature (in OK) of the melting point of ice under a pressure of 101,325.0 newtons m- 2 is taken as

(L'M=O) I.2.10-(2)

based on the internationally adopted redefinition of the Kelvin scale. Temperatures T on the absolute scale (OK) are taken as

T= T'I+t

I.2 .9-(1)

where t is the temperature on the Celsius scale (OC).

The magnitudes of the Kelvin and the Celsius

degrees are equal.

Determination of the value of atmospheric tem-

perature T at great altitudes, using conventional

measuring techniques, requires a knowledge of

molecular weight M of the air at that altitude.

Without this knowledge of molecular weight, meas-

urements yield only the value of TIM. Because of

the uncertainty in the value of M at high altitudes,

the temperature measurements from rockets are

derived from the ratio TIM. This ratio, however,

may be shown to relate the basic atmospheric

properties of pressure, density, specific weight, scale

height, particle speed, and speed of sound to altitude.

That is, the altitude function of this ratio defines the

altitude function of these properties. Thus, it is

possible to find values of T to the degree of reliability

with which M can be determined.

I.2.10 PREssuRE.-Within an atmospheric layer

throughout which TM is a linear function of H, the

hydrostatic equation and the perfect gas law yield

the following expression for the pressure:

.

1oge

P

-log

-

e

P _
b

~
L' M

Mo R*

log
e

L'M(H-Hb)+TM,b T M,b

(L'M~O) I.2.1(}-(1)

Or, alternately,

(L' M~O) I.2.10-(3)

and PPb=exp (g- oRM*TcMf,bl)
wherein

(L'M=O) 1.2.10-(4)

The foregoing expressions, which are in terms of geopotential height, H , are used to 90 km. Since geometric height is used from 90 to 700 km (ref. 13), the expression for pressure within a layer throughout which TM is a linear function of geometric altitude Z is given by:

1.2.10-(5)
and
(LM=O) I.2.10-(6)
Since LM is always greater than zero in the altitude range 90 to 700 km , equation 1.2.10-(6) is not required herein, but is retained for completeness.
The variation of pressure with height is given in figure 1.2.10.

BASIS OF THE TABLES

11

700

1.2.11-(1)

\600

500

E
-'" a)

\

"D
.2

400

\

-0

u

L:

W E

300

0

te'"l

200

1\
\ \

~

100

o

-----~r--

10-9 10-7 10-0 10-' 10-1 10

10' 100

Pressure, mb

FIGURE I.2.10.-Pressure P as a function of geometric altitude Z.

700

\

600

\

500

E
-'"

a)

"D
.2

400

.;::

-0

u

L:

W E

300

0

<3

200

100
o
10-14

1\
\
\ \ 1\ \ I'----
------~~
10-12 10-10 10-8 10-6 10 4 10-2
Density, kg m- 3

FIGURE I.2.11.-Density p as a function of geometric altitude Z.

1.2.11 DENSITY. -The density can be calculated from the pressure (see section 1.2.10) and the molecular-scale temperature (see section 1.2.6) by means of the perfect gas law:

Variation of density with geometric altitude is given in figure 1.2.11.

/.3 DERIVED QUANTITIES

1.3.1 SPECIFIC WEIGHT.-The specific weight w is the weight per unit volume, that is,

w=pg

1.3.1-(1)

Equation 1.3.1-(1) and the perfect gas law yield

Mo P
w=pg=g R* TM

I.3.1-(2)

Figure 1.3.1 gives a graphical representation of specific weight with geometric altitude.

700

\

600

- ~-

\

500

E
-'" a)

\

"D
.2

400

-0

'd

W E

300

0

t'e"l

200

\
\ \

/----- - ---

-

-

•
I

I

i

---- -

100
o

~h

1

r--l ~ .............

10-12 10-10 10-8 10-6 10-4 10-2

102

Specific weight, kg m-2 sec- 2

FIG U RE I.3.1.-Specific weight w as a function of geometric altitude Z.

1.3.2 SCALE HEIGHTs.-The pressure scale height (see fig. 1.3.2) is widely used and hence is included among the tabular quantities. Pressure scale height is defined by
1.3.2-(1)

In terms of Hp the pressure ratio is

P =exp Po

(_ J(oZHdZp )

I.3.2-(2)

12

u. S. STANDARD ATMOSPHERE, 1 962

500 1---+-
~'" 400 f----l.--l--_+_
"0
u
0"; 300
&
200
100

o

50 60 70

Pressure scole he'ght. km

FIGURE I.3.2.- Pressure scale height Hp as a funct ion of geometric altitude Z.

The density scale height Hp is defined by
Hp
1.3.2-(3)

700

600

500

E

"""

oJ

"0
~

400

"0

u c

Q;
E

300

0

<l>

0

\
\
\

200

100
o
10'2 10"

_.

- . ~-

~

I~

- l--

f'--..

~ I-----~

10'· 10'8 1020 1022 10" 102•

Number density, m-'

FIGURE I.3.3.-Number density n as a function of geometric altitude Z.

1.3.3 NUMBER DENSITY.-The number density of air is defined to be the number of atmospheric particles per unit volume and the particles are considered to be neutral. The expression used is

Mo NP n=R* MTM

1.3.3-(1)

wherein N is Avogadro's number and M is the mo-

lecular weight. The variation of number density

with geometric altitude is given in figure 1.3.3.

1.3.4 MEAN AIR-PARTICLE SPEED.-The mean air-

particle speed is the arithmetic average of the speeds

of all air particles in the volume element being con-

sidered. All p articles are considered to be neutral.

For a valid average to occur, there must, of course,

be a sufficient number of particles involved to repre-

sent mean conditions. Pressure and temperature

gradients within the volume must also be negligible.

The mean particle speed is given by

- (8 V=

-

R*
7L1"

TJ,f )1 /2

7r 1 V.LO

1.3.4-(1)

The variation of p article speed with geometric altitude is shown in figure 1.3.4.

700

I

600

I

/

500

I

E

.:£

cD

"0
.2

400

.;::

-0

u

c-u=
E

300

0

<lJ

/
/
V

l?

/

? 200
100

...- ~ ~V

o

300 500 700 900 1100 1300 1500

Speed , m sec-I

FIGURE I.3.4.-Mean particle speed 11 as a function of geo-
metric altitude Z.

1.3.5 MEAN FREE PATH.-The mean free path L is the mean value of the distances traveled by each of the neutral particles, in a selected volume, between successive collisions with other particles in that volume. As before, a meaningful average requires that the selected volume be big enough to contain 11

BASIS OF TH E TABL ES

13

large number of particles. The computational form for Lis
1.3.5-(1)
This expression a t great altitudes is only valid under assumptions that hold M, TM , P, and (T constant throughout the volume used. Figure 1.3.5 depicts the mean free path in terms of altitude.

700
\

600

\

500

E
.:£

a!

u
.2

400

+=

0

u ;:

Qj
E

300

0

(l)

(.!)

200

100

\
\

\

\ b---.. i---~ ~

10' 10' 10'

10'0

Collision frequency , sec-I

FIGURE I.3 .6.-Collision frequency v as a func t ion of geometric altitude Z.

Mean free path, km
FIGURE I.3 .5.-Mean free path L as a func t ion of geometri c altitude Z .

1.3.6 OOLLISION FREQUENCY.- The average col-

lision frequen cy II is the average speed of the air p ar-

ticles within a selected volume divided by the m ean

free path L of the particles within that volume.

That is,

V II=L

1.3.6-(1)

and in computational form:
2 (MO)1 /2 P
1I = 4u N 7r R * M (T ) 1/2 M

1.3 . 6 - ( 2 )

Note that (T is the effective collision diameter of t he mean air particle. The foregoing expressions are taken to apply to neutral particles only, since no considerations involving charged particles are in troduced for purposes of developing the m ain tables.
F igure 1.3.6 graphically displays the vari a tion of collision frequency with altitude. See section 1.3.4
for a discussion of the assumptions under wh ich equation 1.3.6-(2) is valid at great altitudes.

1.3.7 SPEED OF SOUND.-The expression adopted for the speed of sound is
1.3 .7 - ( 1 )
It is to be noted that 'Y is the ratio of specific heat of air at constant pressure to that at constant volume, and is taken to be 1.40 exact (dimensionless). Equation 1.3.7- (1 ) for the speed of sound applies only wh en th e sound wave is a small perturbation on the ambient condition. Oalculated values of Os have been found to vary slightly from experimentally determined values.
The limitations of the concept of velocity of sound due to extreme attenuation are also of concern. The attenuation which exists at sea level for high frequencies applies to successively lower frequencies as atmospheric pressure decreases, or as the mean free path increases. For this reason the concept of speed of sound (except for frequencies approaching zero) progressively loses its range of applicability at high altitudes. Hence, the main t ables terminate entry of values for speed of sound at 90 kIn.
Figure 1.3.7 shows the variation with altitude of the computed speed of sound.
I. 3.8 OO EFFICIENT OF VISCOSITY.- The coefficient of viscosity is defined as a coeffi cient of internal friction developed where gas regions move adjacent to each other at different velocities. The following expression, basically from kinetic theory, but with

14

u. S. STANDARD ATMOSPHERE , 1962

90

80 -

70 -

60

E
-'"

.,;

"0
~

50

"0

u ;:

40

Qj

~

(!)
30

20

10
o
260

--------r---.-t---....

~
~

~

--

.-.
/
/

V
J

I

/

I

l ---I----
--------- 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340

Sound speed, m sec"

FIGU RE I.3.7.-Sound speed C. as a function of geometric altitude Z.

constants derived from experiment, is used for computation of the tables:

fJ'l'3/2 J.I.=T+S

1. 3.8- ( 1 )

90

I
80 ~
~
70

~

~- -

60

E

--'"

.,;

"0
.2

50

f'....
~

"0
u
;: 40
OJ
E &3 t? 30
20

/,

V

/

.-

/

I

l
10

-------------- o

I---

1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 xI0'·

CoeffiCient of VISCOSity, kg m" sec"

FIGURE I.3.8.-Coefficient of viscosity p. as a function of geo· metric altitude Z.

90

In this equation (3 is a constant equal to 1.458XlO-6 kg sec-1 m-l(OK)-1 /2 (exact) and S is Sutherland's constant, equal to 110.4° K (exact).
Equation 1.3 .8-(1) fails for conditions of very high and very low temperatures and under conditions occurring at great altitudes. (Consequently tabular entries for coefficient of viscosity are terminated at 90 kID. ) For these reasons caution is necessary in making measurements involving probes and other objects that are small with respect to the mean free path of molecules in the region of 32 to 90 km.
The variation of the coefficient of viscosity with altitude is shown in figure 1.3.8.
1.3.9 KWEMATIC VI'SCOSI'I'Y.-Kinematic viscosity is defined as the ratio of the coefficient of viscosity of a gas to the density of that gas; that is,

J.I.
1)=-
p

1.3.9-(1)

Limitations of this equation are comparable to those discussed in section 1.3.8, and consequently tabular entries of kinematic viscosity are also terminated at the 90-km level. See figure 1.3.9 for a graphical representation of the variation of kinematic viscosity with altitude.
1.3.10 COEFFICIENT OF THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY.The empirical expression (ref. 3) adopted for pur-

80

--

70

60
E
.Y

Q)

'0
.2

50

"';=

o

u

;:: Q;

40

E

o

Q)

<.:)

30

I

20

/

I

(10

--

/
/

I
-I I -
I

L
/ II

10 Kinematic VISCOSity , m2 sec"

FIGURE I.3.9. -Kinematic viscosity '1 as a function of geo· metric altitude Z.

_ ..-1

- - -- - - - - -- -

BASIS OF THE TABLE S

15

I _J 1)- 90

80 70

~ I ~

,

i

60

_.- - LI __

E
~

oJ

u
~

50

I

---

0

u ;::

40

Qj

E @

l!)
30

/

-

/'

I o-

j

20

10
o
3.5

4.0

4.5

---- -r------

5.0

5.5

6.0

6.5

Thermal conductivity, k - col m -, sec-'(OKr'

FIGURE I.3.1O.-Coefficient of thermal conductivity k as a function of geometric altitude Z.

poses of developing tabular values of the coefficien t

of thermal conductivity to the 90-kID level is as

foll ows:

6.325 X 1O-7T3 /2 k=T+245.4 X lO (12/T)

1.3.10-(1)

Kinetic-theory determinations of thermal conductivity of some monatomic gases agree well with observation. For these gases thermal conductivity is directly proportional to the coefficient of viscosity. Modification of the simple theory has accounted in part for differences int.roduced by polyatomic molecules and by mixtures of gases. Tabular entry of values for coefficient of thermal conductivity is terminated at 90 kID . The variation with height of this quantity is shown in figure 1.3. 10.
1.3 .11 MOLE VOLUME.-Whi!e not tabulated, mole volume enters into certain ancillary calculations. It is defined as the volume per mole; that is,

V

= M
p

-MR=o*M-TP-M-

1.3.11-(1)

Figure 1.3.11 gives the relationship between mole volume and altitude.
104. TABLES OF UNITS, CONVERSION FACTORS, AND DEFINING PROPERTIES

700

600

500

E
"'"
uoJ .2 400
.;=
0

u

>:::

Qj
E

300

0

Q.>

l!)

200

100
o I

-+I I -I II I __ .L I -

-- V ~
102 10' 10· 10· Volume , m'

..1_ _ _ 10'2 10"

F I GURE I.3.n.-Mole volume v as a function of geometric altitude Z.

TABLE I.4 (a) .-METRIC TO ENGLISH CONVERSIONS OF UNITS OF LENGTH, MASS, AND GEOPOTENTIAL

A. Defined relations (the constants are adopted as being

exact) :

1 foot

= 0.3048 meter

1 i.n. mi

= 1,852 meters

1 pound

= 0.45359237 kilogram

1 standard geopotential = 0.3048 standard geopo-

foot

tential meter

B. Derived relations :

1 meter

= 3.2808399. .. feet

1 meter

= 5.3995680. . . X 10-' i.n. mi

1 kilogram

=2.2046226. .. pounds

1 Ln. mi

=6,076.1155. .. feet

1 foot

= 1.64578 3. .. X 10-' i.n. mi

1 standard geopotential =3.2808399. .. standard geo-

meter

potential

feet

TABLE I.4(b).-METRIC TO ENGLISH AND ABSOLUTE TO NONABSOLUTE CONVERSIONS OF TEMPERATURE UNITS

A. Defined:

WC)

= T(OK) - T.(OK) , where T .(OK ) =

273.15(OK)

T(OR)

=1 .8T(OK)

WF)-t.(OF) = T(OR) - T.(OR), where t.(OF) =32(OF)

B. Derived relations:

t.(OC)

=O(°C)

T.(OR) WC) T (O R)

=491.670(OR)
=[T(OR) - T.(OR)l!1.8 = [WF) -t.(OF)1/ 1.8
+ = 1.8[WC) +273. 15 (OC) 1=WF) -t.(OF)

491.670(OR)

WF) -32(OF) =1.8WC) =1.8[T(OK) -273.15(OK)J

-'

16

U. S. STANDARD ATMOSPHERE , 1 962

TABLE I.4 (c).-ABSOLUTE SY TEMS OF UNITS TO ABSOLUTEFORCE, GRAVITATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS, METRIC-ENGLISH
A. Defined: 1 force unit = 1 rna s unit X go
B. Derived relations : 1 kgf =9 .80665 kg rn sec- 2
1 kg = __I _kgf sec2 m- I =0.10197162 kgf sec2 rn- I 9.80665
1 Ibf = 0.45359237 kgf Ilbf = 32.174049Ib ft sec- 2 1 Ib = 0.031080950 Ibf sec2 ft- I
= 0.031080950 slug 1 slug= 32.174049Ib

T ABLE I.4 (d) .-THERMAL TO MECHANICAL UN ITS, METRICENGLISH
A. Defined relations:*
1 1 kg-cal= 860 kw-hr (exact)

1 kg-cal 0.45~:9237 BTU=3.9683207 BTU

1 joule= 1 watt-sec B. Derived relations:
1 kw-hr=3.6XI06 watt sec=3.6X I06 joules
1 kg-cal 3.68~;06 joules= 4,186.0465 joules

=4,1 86.0465 kg m2 sec-2 3.6XI06
1 kg-cal 860 X 9 .80665m kgf=426.85795 m kgf

3.6 X 106

ft lbf

1 kg-cal 860X9.80665XO.45359237XO.3048

=3087.4696 ft lbf

1 BTU 1 BTU

0.45359237 kg-cal =0.25199576 kg-cal 1.8
3.6X 106 860 X 0.3048 X 9.80665 X 1.8 ft Ibf

= 778.02922 ft Ibf

1 BTU

-

3.6 X 106

Ib ft2 -2

860 X (0.3048)2X 1.8

sec

= 25032.349 lb fto sec-2

-The calorie used here Is the International Steam Table calorIe and the joule is the mean international joule.

TABLE I.4(e).-DEFINING PROPERTIES OF THE STANDARD ATMOSPHERE

Altit ude, H, km

Molecular- Gradient, Molecular

scale tem- L'M,

weight,

perature, °K/km

M

T M , OK

Kinetic temper-
ature, T , OK

O. 000 11. 000 20. 000 32. 000 47. 000 52.000 61. 000 79. 000 88. 743

288. 15 216. 65 216.65 228. 65 270. 65 270. 65 252. 65 180. 65 180. 65

-6.5 O. 0
+ 1.0 +2. 8
O. 0 -2.0 -4. 0
O. 0

28. 9644 28. 9644 28. 9644 28. 9644 28. 9644 28. 9644 28. 9644 28. 9644 28. 9644

288.15 216. 65 216. 65 228. 65 270. 65 270. 65 252. 65 180. 65 180. 65

Altitu de, Z, km

Molecula r- Gradient, Molecular

scale tem- LA/,

weight,

perature, °K/k m

M

T M, OK

Kinetic ternperature,
T , OK

90

180. 65

28. 9644 180. 65

+3

100

210. 65

28. 88

210. 02

+5

no

260. 65

28. 56

257. 00

+10

120

360. 65

28. 07

349. 49

+20

150

960. 65

26. 92

892. 79

+15

160

1, no. 65

26. 66 1, 022. 2

+10

170

1,210.65

26. 40 1, 103. 4

+7

190

1,350.65

25. 85 1,205.4

+5

230

1, 550. 65

24. 70 1, 322. 3

+4

300

1, 830. 65

22. 66 1, 432. 1

+3.3

400

2, 160. 65

19. 94 1,487.4

+2.6

500

2,420. 65

17.94 1,499.2

+ 1.7

600

2, 590. 65

16.84 1, 506. 1

+1.1

700

2, 700. 65

16. 17 1, 507. 6

PART II Additional Information Relating to the. Atmosphere
668502 0 - 63 - 3

Page intentionally left blank

PART"

A dditional Information Relating to the Atmosphere

11.0 INTRODUCTION
Part II of this document gives additional information relating to the atmosphere. This additional information will be found useful in extending the scope of Parts I and III, as well as in gaining an appreciation of trends in knowledge of the earth's atmosphere.
11.1 VA LIDITY
The validity of Parts I and III of this document, insofar as the equations and fundamental numbers (constants) are concerned, is satisfactorily established by references and discussion throughout Part I. It is in the domain of validity of the assumptions made in Part I that further examination is necessary.
It will be recalled from the foreword and from Part I that the U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 is an idealized, middle-latitude (approximately 45°) year-round mean over the range of solar activity between sunspot minima and maxima. It is further assumed in Part I that the atmosphere is a perfect gas, that it rotates everywhere with the earth, and that it is composed of neutral particles. Despite these assumptions, however, the adopted temperature profile (and molecular-weight profile) are based upon experimentally determined values, modified slightly to achieve easily computable gradients. To some extent, therefore, implicit account is taken of the real features of the atmosphere; that is, the standard is considerably more realistic than the simplifying assumptions would indicate.
Clearly, however, the real atmosphere differs from the standard and there are, of course, recognized departures, both temporal and spatial. Furthermore, in the higher reaches of the atmosphere the facts are well enough established now to extend the speculative region to 700 km with greater confidence than heretofore. For these reasons the systematic variations and observed (or inferred) extremes are discussed in the following section.
11.2 SYSTEMATIC VARI ATIO NS A ND OBSERVED AND INFERRED EXTR EMES
II.2.1 SEA LEVEL TO 90 KILOMETERs.-In the 0to 90-km region, latitudinal and seasonal variations about the mean are present. In addition, both observation and inference show that extreme values of considerable magnitude exist. This information is

being developed in detail in a series of supplemental atmospheres to be published.
A family of nine atmospheres, extending up to 90 km, is being prepared under the direction of COESA. They include a mean annual atmosphere for 15° N. latitude (a region of small seasonal change) and January and July atmospheres for 30°, 45°, 60°, and 75° N. latitude. These atmospheres, supplemental to the U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962, will provide information to scientists and engineers on latitudinal, seasonal, and interdiurnal changes in atmospheric structure in order that they may investigate the importance of these departures from the standard in experiments and designs.
Based on preliminary work on these supplemental atmospheres for latitudes 15° to 60° N., envelopes of mean seasonal densities and temperatures have been estimated and are given in figures II.2.1(a) and II.2.1 (b) for altitudes up to 90 km. The values shown by the envelope curves of any of the thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere could not possibly be encountered at all altitudes at any given location and time. The warmest surface layers in the tropics are associated with the coldest tropopause level, for example.
Systematic density variations.-The estimated range of systematic changes (seasonal and latitudinal variations, equator to 60° N.) of density is indicated by horizontal arrows in figure II.2.1 (a) as percentage departures from standard. Above 30 km, both the largest negative and the largest positive departures occur at 60° N . latitude. The negative departures represent mean winter conditions and the positive departures represent mean summer conditions. Below 30 km, the range cannot be depicted for all levels by the maximum and minimum seasonal values at only one latitude.
The minimum latitudinal and seasonal variability, less than 1 percent, occurs at the isopycnic level near 8 km. Other levels of minimum variability, less pronounced than at the isopycnic level, occur at 26 and 85 km. Maximum seasonal and latitudinal variations occur near 15 and 70 km.
Extremes oj density.-Observed extremes of density at levels above 30 km are indicated by circles in figure II.2.1 (a). The minimum values were derived by Jones and Peterson (ref. 14) from a 27 January
1958 falling-sphere experiment at Fort Churchill,

19

20

u. S. STANDARD ATMOSPHERE, 1962

90

80
70
60 E
.Y
i 50
.2 "0
u
'"Q) 40
E
0 <l>
t:> 30
20

,-0

I

r~

..- /
if I I

I

I
I

I 0 / /

I

/

I

Range af systematic variability

I

0

0

\ \

I

I I

\

I

\

I

0

0

\

I

\
\

I

i

I

\

I

0

0

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

I

0

\

ExtrerrFes observed

\

2008 GMT 15 Jul 58

\

Churchill Canada

\ o
L Extremes observed
1849 GMT 27 Jan 58
- L Churchill, Canada

-f----

d

/'
Pressure

gage

Failing sphere

02
086
31
~
E
0'
I.03
~ Vi C <l> "0
4.0 "p a "ca0 if>
I84
88.9

90 r---.--------~-------_,

80
o

o

o

250

70

o • -----.

o

60

o

• •0

200

~50

o

o -'g"

" u

150 ~

~40
j

o

o

30

o

o

100

20 o Observed extremes 50
10

10 ISODYCnic level

-f..

Varlablilly < 1%

413.5

o

I

I

-60

- 40

- 20

o

20

40

Departure fram standard density, percent

I225 60

FIGURE II.2.1(a) .-Range of systematic variability of dens ity about the U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962.

Oanada. The maximum densities above 40 kIn were observed by Nelson W. Spencer from a 15 July 1958 rocket flight (pressure sensor) at Fort Churchill, Canada (ref. 30).
Temperature variations .-Extreme temperature observations and mean seasonal variations about the U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 are shown in figure II.2.1(b). The range of mean winter and summer temperatures, shown as horizontal arrows, is based upon hemispheric radiosonde data to 30 kIn. Between 30 and 60 km it is based on observations from instruments released by meteorological rockets from nearly a dozen northern-hemisphere launching sites. The extreme observations and the variations above 60 km have been extracted from other rather sparse rocket data. These rocket instruments include rocket-grenade temperature experiments, pitot-static pressure measurements, falling-sphere density measurements, and rocket-network temperature thermistors (to 50 km).
Both seasonal fluctuations and observed values are least accurate above 60 km, where direct temperature measurements are apparently subject to greatest errors. The data at these levels are based primarily on very few rocket-grenade observations which involve the use of sound ranging in deriving temperature and wind velocity. Most of the temperature extremes below 50 km are based on thermistor ob-

Temperature, OK
FIGURE II .2.1(b).-Range of systematic variability of temperature a bout the U.S . Standard Atmosphere, 1962.
servations from the many flights of the recently organized semioperational Meteorological Rocket Network (MRN) .
Except at the surface, and at heights above 60 km where warm winter temperatures at 60 a N. latitude cause large positive departures, the U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 temperature profile lies near the center of the winter and summer seasonal range. Near 60 km, winter and summer temperature profiles at all latitudes approach or cross the standard. From 60 Ian to at least 90 km, winter temperatures generally are warmer and summer temperatures cooler than the standard (ref. 15).
II.2.2 90 KILOMETERS TO 200 KILOMETERS.Within the region of 90 to 200 km only observed and inferred extremes are sufficiently well established to warrant discussion. The paucity of data in this region does not permit discussion of systematic variations.
It must be remembered that when data are obtained with various types .of measuring equipment (some of it of an experimental nature) the maximum spread in the measured values of a given parameter (the extremes of measured data) may not be at all representative of the actual variability of that parameter. This should be kept in mind when considering measured values of atmospheric properties in the range of 90 to 200 km.
Extremes oj molecular-scale temperature.-Figure II.2.2(a) shows experimental values of molecularscale temperature compared with those of the stand-

I ----..-- -

-

-- -- --

ADDITIONAL INFORMA TlON RELA TlNG TO THE ATMOSPHERE

21

3000

2800

2600

24 0 0

2200

~ 0

<l.l 2000

'--

.a2
<'-l-.l

1800

Q.

E

2 1600

<l.l
ua 1400
(f)

a L

1200

:u::::l

<l.l

0

100 0

2

800

US. Standard atmosphere, 1962

/

ARDC mode l atmosphere, 1959

• Ion and other gouges at WSPG (NRLl

..

• Ion and other gouges at WSPG (USAF - Mich.)

j t> Ion and ot her gouges at Churchill (NRLl

" Grenades "l Russian containers
Sa tellite drag model, day Sat ellite drag model , night

I

• Kollmann , Mar.13 (computed from pressu~e scale height)

Russian std. atm ., Dec . 1960

o Sodium cloud resonance scattering

____ 0
----..
..---"

600

400

200

o

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

Geometric altitude, km

FIGURE II.2.2(a) .-Molecular-scale temperatures of U .S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 compared with AR De Model Atmosphere, 1959 and with available data.

ard, the ARDO Model Atmosphere, 1959 (ref. 10), and the USSR Standard Atmosphere, 1960. The experimental data were obtained primarily at the White Sands Proving Ground, at Churchill, and at Russian rocket-launching sites. All the data presented lie within 1000 K of the U.s. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 (in the 90- to 200-km range) except for three sets of measurements. Two of these measurements, for which the temperatures were substantially higher, were made at Churchill (at high geomagnetic latitude) during the International Geophysical Year near the peak of solar activity, when solar flares were frequent. Thus, not only was the solar 1O.7-cm wavelength flux abou t

350 X 10-22 watts m-2/(cycle sec-I) (see section II.3), for which a daytime temperature of 2,000 0 K to 2,200 0 K would be predicted at 200 kID at low latitudes, but the corpuscular radiation would be expected to be particularly intense. For these reasons, the measured temperatures are probably reasonably accurate, but apply under very unusual conditions. The third set of measurements gives temperatures as much as 300 0 K below the standard. The measurements were made in terms of the Doppler broadening of the D lines of sodium released in the atmosphere. The reason that these measurements yield lower temperatures is not understood, particularly since this technique has yielded temperatures

I
J

22

u. S. STANDARD AT MOSPHERE , 1962

(ref. 16) of 1,4500 K at higher altitudes in good agreement with other data.
Extremes oj density.-Density measurements are compared with the U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 in figure II.2.2(b). It is believed that the two sets of points with very low densities obtained with mass spectrometers between 150 and 210 km are not accurate. The lowest of these was obtained with a Bennett type mass spectrometer at Churchill, Canada, on 20 ovember 1956. This was an early flight with this mass spectrometer and evidently the instrument did not function well, as can be seen by the apparent increase in density between 200 and 210 km indicated by the instruments. Because the signal strength was small compared with the background, the accuracy of the White Sands Proving Ground ion gauge measurements, which gave low densities above 130 km, is poor. The other data points shown in figure II.2.2(b) are probably reasonably accurate. However, they represent conditions ranging from night to day and minimum 'to maximum solar activity. At 90 kID the measured values lie within a factor of less than 2 on either side of the mean density. The actual atmospheric density probably lies within a factor of 2 on either side of the mean value up to 200 Iml, although the range of variability is slowly increasing at higher altitudes.
Extremes oj pressure.-In figure II.2.2(c) pressure data are compared with the standard. These data are basically the same as those in figure II.2.2(b), from which they are derived by means of the gas laws. The mass-spectrometer data are not included. Since in this altitude region pressure is derived from density and the slope of the density curve, the variation in the derived values of pressure will be greater than the variation in the density measurements. This does not necessarily imply that the actual variation in atmospheric pressure is any greater than that in the density. At 90 Ifil, pressures as high as three times the standard have been measured. At 120 kID the range is a factor of about 2.5 on either side of the mean. This range gradually increases until it is almost a factor· of 4 on either side of the mean at 200 Ifil altitude. Data shown in figures II.2.2(a), (b), and (c) are drawn from investigations of a number of authors (refs. 17 to 32).
II.2.3 200 KILOMETERS TO 700 KILOMETERS.Systematic variations are identifiable in the 200to 700-kID range, but insufficient data exist to deal with extreme values. These systematic variations have been available only since the analysis of drag effects on the motions of artificial satellites.
An analysis of atmospheric drag effects on the motion of artificial satellites has revealed the existence of large density fluctuations in the atmosphere above the height of 200 Ian . Although several classes of fluctuation can be distinguished (that is, characteristic amplitude vs. time pattern), all have

one feature in common-they are caused by variations in heating of the earth's atmosphere due to variations in energy coming from the sun. In addition to erratic and semiperiodic changes, there is a more regular diurnal variation connected with the position of the sun with respect to the zenith.
The atmospheric madel.-Since all the density fluctuations, including the diurnal variation, are of thermal origin, and since the kinetic temperature above 300 kID is essentially independent of height, it would be convenient and much simpler to use the kinetic temperature as a parameter to describe atmospheric variations. Unfortunately, the observed quantity is the density, not the temperature. In order to convert densities into temperatures, there must first be generated a good atmospheric model in which densities are tabulated for many different temperatures. Nicolet's 1961 model (ref. 33) has been shown by Jacchia (refs. 34 and 35) to be adequate for the purpose, at least for heights above 300 km. This model is based on diffusion equilibrium, with lmown boundary conditions at a height of 120 kIn, with densities as a function of height for 12 standard top-atmospheric temperatures ranging from 773 0 K to 2,133 0 K; thus it is possible to interpolate the temperature when a density is given for a specified height, and the reverse. All the temperatures mentioned in this portion oj the discussion are top-atmospheric temperatures derived jrom densities by means oj Nicolet's 1961 model. It is to be noted that icolet has developed atmospheric models based on diffusion equilibrium in which helium plays a role. Heat conduction is the essential process that determined the gradient of the temperature.
Introduction of boundary conditions at 120 km, where diffusion begins for major constituents, leads to atmospheric models that can be used for analysis of day-to-night and solar activity variations in the whole thermosphere from 150 to 2,000 km. An analysis of the behavior of the heterosphere (i.e., of the terrestrial atmosphere where the mean molecular mass cannot be taken as a constant parameter) requires a theoretical study to supplement observational results from which it is not yet possible to obtain all the parameters needed for a complete picture of the physical conditions.
The variations of temperature and molecular weight with height in icolet's model differ from those adopted in the U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962. As a consequence, a temperature profile derived from icolet's tables for the densities of the present model shows considerable difference from the temperature profile in table I of reference 13. These differences are shown in table II.2.3(a).
As can be seen, apart from the critical region around a geometric height of 200 kIn, the difference in temperature between the two atmospheric model!:! is about 2000 K on the average, and it can be said

l

- --_ .._- - - - -

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION RELATING TO THE ATMOSPHERE

23

u.s Standard atmosphere, 1962

ARDC model,1959

~ Ion and other gouges at WSPG (NRU

t> Ion and diaphragm gouges at Churchill (NRL)

4 Radioactive ion gouges (USAF - Mich .)
a o Sphere drag (USAF -Mich. SCEL - Mich .)

OJ Bennett moss spectrometer at Churchill (NRL)

~ Russian overage of containers and rocket dota at central European
a Russia (Data 110 km below are for summer days)

j" Russian satellite- borne manometer for May 16, 1958

'",
E

1300-1900 local time, 57'N -65'N V Manometer on Sputnik I

X Grenade

Satellite drag model , day, active sun

::::-

Satellite drag model, night, active sun

' Vi
c

Satellite drag model, day, quiet sun

o(l)

Sotellite drag model, night, quiet sun

"

'"

IO" L-_ _ _-L_ _ __

c

a

a

- - - - - -::-:-~-~-~

_ _ _ ~

_ ~L_ _ __ L_ _ _ _L __ _ _~_ _ _ _J __ _ _ _~_ _ _~_ _ _ _~---~

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

Geometric alt itude , km

FIGURE II.2.2(b).-Density of U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 compared with ARD C Model Atmosphere, 1959 and with available data.

~

I I I I I I I I I I I

-
--

~10-3

. ~

- U.S. Standard atmosphere, 1962
...- ARDC model atmosphere, 1959 Ion and other gouges at WSPG (NRL)

rrFf=--

r-
:Orl 10-4

E E

:-=:

~

~

If> 10-~

If> (l)
0'.-..

rF~-

I-

I-

r\ " ~
~~~ ~ ,~

c- Ion and other gouges at Churchill (NRU

Ion and other gouges at WSPG (USAF - MICh.)

"l.. RUSSian overage of containers for summel days mid - European RUSSia

f

RUSSian satellite-borne manometer for May 16,1958 1300-1900 local time, 57"N - 65'N

r--..- .........:~~ .

f--.

= ~
--
== ._- ~ -
= ~
-
:::::
---=
-

10- 6
1rf==-
II-

r:;:: -.;;:::~~ ~r=:;:::;:;:;;:::;.::;:;:;

= ~
--

F

1

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

220

240

260

280

300

Geometric altitude, km

F I GURE II.2.2(c).-Pressures of U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962 compared with ARD C Model Atmosphere, 1959 and with available data.

l
\

J

24

u. S. STANDARD ATMOSPHERE, 1962

I

TABLE II.2.3(a).-TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN

j

THE PRESENT ATMOSPHERIC MODEL AND NICOLET'S 1961

MODEL

Because of the periodic change in latitude of the sub-

Temperature, OK

solar point, the day-to-night variation at any single

Z, km *loglOP

Present model

Nicolet Difference

point on the globe is dependent on the season. This seasonal effect, however, is automatically accounted for by equation II.2.3-(1).

Extreme ultraviolet flux .-The variations men-

200 -12.480

1, 236

900

336

300

-13.446

1, 432

1, 184

248

400

-14. 188

1, 487

1, 248

239

500

-14.803

1, 499

1, 282

217

600

-15.334

1, 506

1,316

190

700

- 15.814

1, 508

1, 339

169

tioned in the section Oauses oj variations, category (b), are generally erratic, although the 27day period of the solar rotation can often be recognized in them over extended intervals (ref. 41) . Among the various solar parameters, a good and

quickly available index is the decimetric flux from

-For p in gm cm - 3•

the sun (refs. 36 and 42), which apparently varies

that, to a fair approximation, the quasi-asymptotic temperature of 1,500° K of the present model corresponds to an asymptotic temperature of 1,300° K in Nicolet's model. Therefore, the Nicolet temperature of 1,300° K will be taken as representative of the present model and density corrections will be computed on the basis of Iicolet's model for temperatures other than 1,300° K .

in the same general manner as the extreme ultraviolet solar emission. Under constraints of time int!:)rvals of a few months, it is found that variations I1JTN in the nighttime temperature are proportional to variations t::.FIO in the daily means FlO of the 10.7-cm solar flux measured by the National Research . Council, Ottawa, Canada. When FlO is expressed in units of 10-22 watts m-2/ (cycle sec-I), then

Causes oj variations. - Upper-atmospheric temperature variations, and the density variations that

II.2.3-(2)

occur as a consequence thereof, can be divided into three categories:
(a) Variations caused by the variable position of the sun with respect to a given point above the earth's surface
(b) Fluctuations caused by variations in the extreme ultraviolet flux from the sun
(c) Fluctuations caused by variations in the corpuscular flux from the sun Since observations indicate that through all these variations the temperature above 300 km remains to a first approximation, rather independent of height, it must be assumed that most of the heating, bo~h electromagnetic and corpuscular, occurs at heights below 300 lun. The variations under (a) are usually referred to as the diurnal effect (refs. 36 to 38) ~nd probably result from heat generated by absorptlOn of ultraviolet radiation (ref. 39). The diurnal bulge.- The maximum temperature seems to occur at a point on the globe about 30° eastward in longitude from the subsolar point. This is the center of the "diurnal bulge." (See refs. 35 and 40.) At this point, the temperature is about 40 percent higher than that at the point of minimum, in the dark hemisphere. Although the decrease in temperature from the center of the diurnal bulO"e outward is almost certainly not axially symmetric,ba good approximation can be obtained by assuming that it is. If TN denotes the minimum nighttime temperature, the temperature T at an angular dis-

Corpuscular effects.-The corpuscular heating referred to under Oauses oj variations, category (c), manifests itself in a semiannual variation (refs. 43 and 44) superimposed on a slow fluctuation with the ll -year solar cycle (ref. 35) . In addition, there are short-lived, spasmodic perturbations that parallel magnetic sto~ms both in duration and intensity (ref. 45) . The slow variations may be related to a "solar wind," which would provide a smooth background for the more violent corpuscular storms.
1£ the decimetric solar flux FlO is smoothed by
taking monthly means, a variation is obtained which correlates .with the ll-year solar cycle. It is thus not a simple matter to separate the ultraviolet and the slow-varying corpuscular components of atmospheric heating over time intervals even as long as 1 or 2 years. On the other hand, since the form of the ll-year variation in the corpuscular heating is not sufficiently well known, the decimetric flux again appears to be a convenient parameter for representing this variation, provided it is used in the smoothed
F;o (monthly mean) form.
The semiannual oscillations have maxima around April 7 and October 7, in fair agreement with the semiannual oscillation in the geomagnetic indices K p , Cj , and u. (See refs . 46 to 48.) Their amplitude varies with the solar cycle and can also be
expressed as a function of FlO. For lack of better information it is assumed that the oscillation is a

tance if/ from the center of the bulge can be represented by

sinusoidal function of time. The contribution of 112TN of the solar wind to the

ADDITIONAL INFORMA TlON RELA TlNG TO THE ATMOSP H ERE

25

heating of the nighttime atmosphere can thus be written

Magnetically correlated effects.-During magnetically perturbed days there seems to be a simultaneous increase in the temperature of the entire upper atmosphere proportional to the 3-hour geomagnetic index ap , the coefficient of proportionality t1T/t1a p being of the order of 1.So or even higher. (See ref 34.) The contribution /13 TN of corpuscular storms to the heating of the atmosphere can therefore be written as

II.2.3-(4)

Summary. -In summary, the nighttime tempera-
ture (in OK) can be computed from FlO, Jii;.o, and a p as
follows:

TN= Constant + /11TN+ /12 TN+ t13 TN

= 1,025 + 2.S(FlO -170) +2.0(FIO -170)

-

2(t- Apr. 7)

+O .SFIO cos 365 + 1.Sap II.2.3-(S )

The maximum daytime temperature can be taken as TD =1.4TN, and the temperature T at intermediate points on the globe can be computed from equation II.2 .3-(1 ).
Resulting density corrections can now be computed. Table II.2.3 (b) gives these corrections to be applied to 10glOP for various temperatures. It is to be noted, of course, that all the equations for computing the temperature are empirical and based on parameters FlO and ap that are indirect indicators of the true energy source. Only a crude approximation can thus be expected from their use. A difficulty in practical applications may be the inevitable d elay in obtaining information about the solar and geomagnetic parameters. Some degree of approximation can be achieved by ignoring the short-lived fluctuations-that is, by assuming that ap is close to zero and by replacing FlO with an extrapolated value
of FlO from the curve of monthly means.

11 .3 REPRESENTATIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC VARIABLES AS APPROXIMATE ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS OF ALTITUDE

F or some applications of the standard atmosphere it is advantageous to have approximate representations of the density and other variables as analytic functions, in closed form, of the altitude. Such representations do not, for example, have the differentiability limitations induced by the polygonal form of the standard molecular-scale temperature profile. Furthermore, approximate finite mathematical formulas frequently afford a considerable advantage, for analytical and computational purposes, over the standard tables.
The method of approximate representation utilized in this section consists essentially of two parts. First, the molecular-scale temperature is approximated by a polynomial function of the geometric altitude; the
criterion for this curve fit is that the integral of the squared error be a minimum. Second, this polynomial and a gravitational acceleration which is assumed to vary inversely as the square of the distance from the earth's center are used to integrate a form of the hydrostatic equation . As a result, the pressure and the density are obtained as analytic functions of the altitude. The approximate representations given here have been limited to the geometric altitude range of 0 to 200 km by considerations of accuracy and general utility .
The approximate polynomial expression for the molecular-scale temperature TMis
TM=ao+aIZ+azZ 2+ . . . +anZn II.3-(1)

where Z is the geometric altitude. The sets of co-
efficients ao, aI, az, ..., an are given in table II .3(a)

for several values of the polynomial degree n .

Accuracy comparisons are shown graphically in

figure II .3(a).

The representations of the pressure P and the

density P through the equations

P (M i P- o=exp

-----£ R

-Z g dZ)
0 TM

II. 3- (2)

!!...= To
Po TM

exp

(

_

M~
R

J(oZTJML

dZ)

II.3- (3)

Z, km

loglOP T ABLE II.2.3(b).-CORRECTIONS TO

FOR VARIOUS TOP-ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES*

Correction for T, OK, of-

800

900

1,000

1, 100

1,200 1, 300 1, 500

1, 700

1, 900

2,100

200

-0.25 -0.14 -0.05 -0.02 -0.01 O. 00 +0. 01 +0. 01

O. 00

O. 00

300

-0.62 -0.40 - 0. 22 - 0.13 - 0.06 O. 00 +0.08 +0.13 +0.17 +0.20

400

-0.92 -0.61 -0.37 -0.22 - 0.10 O. 00 +0.15 +0.27 +0.35 +0.41

500

-1. 16 - 0.80 -0.50 -0.30 -0.14 O. 00 +0.22 +0. 37 +0.49 +0.57

600

-1. 36 -0.97 - 0.62 -0.37 - 0.17 O. 00 +0.27 +0.47 +0.62 +0. 74

700

-1. 40 -1. 07 -0.72 -0. 44 -0.21 O. 00 +0.32 + 0.56 +0.75 +0. 89

·Computed from Nicolet's 1961 model, reference 33.

L----LL-____ __ ____ ____

___ _

_

_

_

_

_

__

26

U. S. STAND A RD ATMOSPHERE , 196 2

200

160
~ .,;
~ 120
"0 u
j SO
40

- Standard values o S'h degree polynomIal C 10f" deqree poljoom1ol

0

0

400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

decular . scole femperOTure, 0 to<:

FIGU RE II.3(a) .-Comparison of polynomial values with standard values of TM •

require approximate analytic expressions for the quantity
II. 3-(4)
These analytic expressions, for several values of n, are given in table II.3(b). Pressures and densities computed therefrom are compared graphically with the standard-atmosphere values in figures H.3(b) and II.3 (c).
More accurate approximations to the standard atmosphere than those presented herein are clearly possible at the expense of the smoothness of change of the atmospheric variables with altitude, the simplicity of analytic expression, and the computational preClSlOn necessary.

1.4 o 8 th degree poIynomlO I
o lOth degree polynomlol

1.2

aClJ
~

~

1.0 ,

e c
0. .2
o.(j)

:SQ

D-

.8

~"'D'

.~

-- .

"...,'0"-________________ __ __

~'F....u."..."".,, ~r'=,:=-,I " . ~O-D'

\o'o_o_o,o'~-~~-~--~--~--~--~-~ --~

~~---~~

.6

.4

o

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Geometric oltltude, km

FI GUR ES II.3(b).-Rat io of approximate pressure to standa rd pressure for va rious a ltitude.

»oo

--i

o

TABLE II.3(a ) . -DERIVED POLYNOMIAL COEFFI CIENTS FOR P OLYNOMIALS OF VARIO U S DEGREES

» Z

[Units : temperature, oK ; length, km]

r

Z

D egr ee of polynomial, n

o"T1

;;0

5

6

7

8

9

10

s»:

--i
o

ao

2.158247286 X 102

3.475660693 X 102

3.048459828 X 102

2.824793081 X 102

3.023172383 X 102

2.837492391 X 102

Z

al

2.411481452

- 2.525420010 X 10

- 1.329257586 X 10

- 5.240572992

-1.416764159 X 10

-3.955242007

;;0

az

2.074750035 X 10- 3

1.385358828

5.779491911 X 10- 1

-1.266010595 X 10- 1

8.553764861 X 10-1

-5.232974573 X 10-1

a3

- 1.862934731 X 10- 3

- 2.952861629 X 10- 2

-7.100570823 X 10- 3

1.873293836 X 10-2

- 2.709268043 X 10-2

5.256403630 X 10-2

m
» r

a,

2.292350448 X 10- 6

2.822892690 X 10- 1

- 2.609635606 X 10-6

- 5.104746533 X 10- 1

6.065248048 X 10-1

-1.832962145 X 10- 3

--i

a6 as
017

- 6.651502204 X lO- s

- 1.207724386 X 10- 6 1.902015607 X 10- 9

1.012652115 X 10- 6 - 6.116010646 X 10-9
1.145432322 X 10-11

6.050186406 X 10-6 - 3.550162735 X lO- s
1.014102927 X 10-10

- 9 .587806007 X 10-6 9.481497610 X lO- s
-5.368751l19 X 10-10

I
3.432295909 X 10-6

Z
G)

-3 .930824139 X 10-7 2.848535349 X 10-9

o--i

as

- 1.124449619 X 10- 13

1.583000644 X 10-12

-1.269919974 X 10-11 I

--i

ag

-1.883828451 X 10-16

I
3.1 61762924 X 10-11

I
m

alO

-3.350145769 X 10-17

»

-

--

s:--i

o

Vl "'0
I m

;;0
m

N)
"-I

1c'o0

TABLE II.3(b) .-EXPANSION IN PARTIAL FRA CTIONS AN D EVALUATION OF TIiE INTEGRAL [Units: temperature, oK; length, km; time, sec]

For n=8, the expansion of TO in partial fractions yields

M

o

-3.5241442 X 1018

TM = (Z +6356. 77)2(Z + 21.680485) (Z - 284.01768) (ZL 29 .895060Z +924. 13600) (Z2- 189.5201OZ +9665.2950) (ZL 420. 11368Z +45,675.466)

1.0902039 X 10-7+ 1.7870260 X 10-4 1.3949832 X 10-5 + 2.6655127 X lO-'Z + 0.018031036 _ 3.2004620 X 10-'Z - 0.060803123 _ 1.1125784 X lO-' Z - 0.028429767 (Z + 6356.77)2 (Z + 21.680485) (Z - 284.01768) (ZL 29.895060Z +924.1 3600) (ZL 189.52010Z + 9665.2950) (Z2 - 420.11368Z +45,675.466)

For n = 10, the expansion of : M in partial fractions yields

c

o

-1.1 828508 X 1022

VI

TAl = (Z +6356.77) 2( Z + 14.002385) (Z -216.23225) (Z2- 26.414270Z+684.10967) (Z2- 137.47450Z + 10,533.544) (ZL 193.32352Z + 10,180.367) (ZL 384.32662Z +38,131.516) 2.5653341 X 10-11 + 1.4655396 X 10- 7 + 1.4116834X 10- 4 _ 3.8282910 X 10-5 + 3.0169957 X lO-' Z +0.011236207 + 1.7103935 X 1O- 4 Z - 0.0079564316

VI
»-t
Z

(Z +6356. 77)

(Z +6356. 77)2 (Z + 14.002385) (Z - 216.23225) (ZL 26.414270Z + 684.10967) (ZL 137.47450Z+ 10,533.544)

» o

5.0784709 X 1O- 4Z -0.083577870 6.7777209 X 1O- 5Z -0.016141673 (Z2 -193.32352Z + 10,180.367) - (Z2- 384.32662Z + 38, 131.516)

;:0
o
»

:M For n=8, th e integration of yieids

-t
o ~

.r J: 7 4 5 0:A~ = -1.0902039X 10- [ Z +6~56.77 + 1.7870260 X 10- [log. (Z+21.680485)]5 -1.3949832X 10- [log. (Z -284.01768) ]5

VI
" I
rn

;:0

rn
+ 1.3327563 X 10- 4 [log. (Z2 - 29 .895060Z +924.1 3600) ]g+8.3 168074 X 10- 4 [tan- l (0.037777365Z -0.56467830) ]5-1.6002310 X 10- 4 [log. (Z2-189.52010Z +9665.295)]5

+ 1.1637071 X 10-3 [tan-l (0.0381 84967Z - 3.6184094) ]5- 5.5628920 X 10- 5 [log. (ZL 420.11368Z + 45,675.466)]5+ 1.2844040 X 10- 4 [tan-l (0.025387008Z - 5.3327146) ]~

-0 0-

t¢

For n= 10, the integration of TU yields
AI

i J: Z U: : = -1.4655396X 10-7 [Z +6~56. 77 + 2.5653341 X 10-11 [log. (Z +6356 .77) ]5+ 1.4116834 X 10-' [log. (Z + 14.002385) ]5

-3.8282910 X 10- 5 [log. (Z - 216.23225) ]5+ 1.5084978 X 10-' [log. (ZL 26.414270Z + 684.10967)]5+6.7419880 X 10-' [tan- l (0.044294588Z -0 .58500460)]5 +8 .5519675 X 10- 5 [log. (ZL 137.47450Z + 10,533.544)]5+4.9863416X 10-5 [tan-l (0.013120767Z -0.90188546) ]5- 2.5392354X 10-' [log . (ZL 193.32352 Z + 10,180 .36 7) ]~
+ 1.1921879 X 10-3 [tan-l (0.034567717Z - 3.3413764)]5 - 3.3888604 X 10-5 [log. (Z2- 384.32662 Z +38,131.516)]5 +8.9812379 X 10- 5 [tan- l (0.028810210Z - 5 .5362654) ]~

- - - " ~-~

1.4

1.2

Q)

e 0
·Ex

S ~ 0
-c0

1.0

Q. .2

«Q. (f)

~ ~ .S

.6

ADDITIO N AL INFORMATION RELATING TO THE ATMOSPHERE

29

0 Sth degree polynomial 0 lath degree polynomial

.4

o

20

40

60

so

100

120

140

160

ISO

200

Geometnc altitude, km

FIGURE II.3(c).- Ratio of approximate density to standard density for various altitudes.

REFERENCES

1. MINZNER, R. A., RIPLEY, W. S., and CONDRON, T. P. : U.S. Extension to the lCAO Standard AtmosphereTables and Data to 800 Standard Geopotential Kilometers. Geophys. Res . Dir. and .S. Weather Bureau, 1958.
2. ANON.: Standard Atmosphere- Tables and Data for Altitudes to 65,800 Feet. N ACA Rep. 1235, 1955. (Supersedes N ACA TN 3182.)
3. HILSENRATH, JOSEPH, BECKETT, CHARLES W., et al.: Tables of Thermal Properties of Gases. NBS Cir. 564, U.S . Dept. Commerce, 1955.
4. KENNARD, EARLE H.: Kinetic Theory of Gases. McGrawHill Book Co., Inc., 1938.
5. DUMOND, JESSE W. M., and COHEN, E. RICHARD: Fundamental Constants of Atomic Physics. Pt. 7 of Handbook of Physics, ch. 10, E. U. Condon and Hugh Odishaw, eds., McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1958, pp. 7-143-7-173.
6. JUDSON, L. V.: Units of Weight and Measure (Unitep States Customary and Metric) Definitions and Tables of Equivalents. NBS Misc. Pub . 233, U.S. Dept. Commerce, Dec. 20, 1960.
7. BIRD, R. B., HIRSCHFELDER, J. 0., and CURTISS, C. F.: The Equation of State and Transport Properties of Gases and Liquids. Pt. 5 of Handbook oj Physics, ch. 4, E. U. Condon and Hugh Odishaw, eds., McGrawHill Book Co., Inc., 1958, pp. 5-44-5-65.
8. JENSEN, JORGEN, TOWNSEND, GEORGE, KORK, JYRI, and KRAFT, DONALD: Design Guide to Orbital Flight. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1962, pp. 90-9l.
9. JEFFREYS, HAROLD : The Earth. Fourth ed., Cambridge Univ. Press, 1959, p. 137.
10. MINZNER, R . A., CHAMPION, K. S. W., and POND, H. L.: The ARDC Model Atmosphere, 1959. Air Force Surveys in Geophysics No. 115 (AFCRC-TR-59-267), Air Force Cambridge Res. Center, Aug. 1959.

11. GLUECKAUF, E.: The Composition of Atmospheric Air. Compendium of M eteorology, Thomas F . Malone, ed., American Meteorological Soc., June 1951, pp. 3-10.
12. KEELING, CHARLES D.: The Concentration and Isotopic Abundances of Carbon Dioxide in the Atmosphere. Tellus, vol. XII, nr. 2, 1960, pp. 200-203.
13. CHAMPION, KENNETH S. W. , and MrNzNER, RAYMOND A.: Proposed Revision of U.S. Standard Atmosphere 90 to 700 Km. AFCRL-62- 802, Air Force Cambridge Res. Labs., July 1962.
14. JONES, L. M ., and PETERSON, J. W.: Upper Air Densities and Temperature Measured by the Falling-Sphere Method. Rep. 03558-5-T, Office of Res. Adm., Univ . of Michigan, 1961.
15. STROUD, W. G., and ORDBERG, WILLIAM: Seasonal, Latitudinal and Diurnal Variations in the Upper Atmosphere. ASA T D- 703, 1961.
16. BLAMONT, J. E., LORY, M. L., SCHNEIDER, J. P., and COURTES, G.: Mesure de la T emperature de la Haute Atmosphere a l' Altitude de 370 km. Space Research II (H. C. van de Hulst, C. de Jager, and A. F. Moore, eds.), North-Holland Pub. Co. (Amsterdam), 1961, pp. 974-980. Also available from Interscience Pub., Inc. ( ew York).
17. AINSWORTH, J. E., Fox, D. F., and LA Gow, H. E.: Measurement of Upper-Atmosphere Structure Measurements Made With a Pitot-Static Tube. Jour. Geophys. Res., vol. 66, no. 10, Oct. 1961, pp. 3191-3212 .
18. ALEKSEEV, P. P., et al.: R a ketnye Issledovania Atmosfery (Rocket Investigation of the Atmosphere). M eteorologiia i Gidrologiia (USSR), no. 8, 1957, pp. 3-13.
19. BEST, N. HAVENS, R ., and LAGOW, H .: Pressure and Temperature of the Atmosphere to 120 km . Phys. Rev. (Letters to the Editor), vol. 71, no. 12, second ser ., June 15, 1947, pp. 915-916.

30

U . S. STANDARD ATMOSPHERE , 1962

20. HAVENS, R. J., KOLL, R. T ., and LAGow, H. E.: The Pres ure Density and T emperatu re of the Earth's Atmosphere to 160 Kilometers. Jour. Geophys. Res., vol. 57, no . 1, March 1952, pp. 59- 72.
21. H OROWITZ, R., and LAGow, H . E. : Upper Air Pressure an d Den ity Measurements From 90 to 220 Kilometers With the Viking 7 Rocket. Jour. Geophy s. Res., vol. 62, no. 1, Mar. 1957, pp. 57-78.
22. H OROWITZ, R., and LAGOW, H. E.: Summer-Day AuroralZone Atmo pheric-Structure Measurements From 100 to 210 Kilometers. J our. Geo phys. Res., vol. 63, no. 4, Dec. 195 , pp. 757-773.
23. HOROWITZ, R., LAGow, H. E., and GIULIA NI, J. F.: Fall-Day Auroral-Zone Atmospheric Structure Measurements From 100 to 188 Km. J our. Geophys. Res., vol. 64, no. 12, Dec. 1959, pp. 2287-2295.
24. J ONES, L. M., PETERSON, J. W., SCHAEFER, E . J., and SCHULTE, H. F.: Upper-Air Density and T emperature: Some Variations and an Abrupt Warming in the Mesosphere. Jow· . Geophys. Res., vol. 64, no. 12, Dec. 1959, pp. 2331-2340.
25 . LAGow, HERMAN E.: Physical Properties of the Atmosphere Up I nto the F, -Layer. Rocket Exploration of the Upper Atmosphere. R. L. F. Boyd and M. J . Seaton, eds., I nterscience Publ., Inc. (New York), 1954, pp.73-81.
26. LAGow, H. E., HOROWITZ, R., and AINSWORTH, J .: Arctic Atmospheric Stru cture to 250 km. Planetar y and Space Sci., vol. 2, no. 1, Oct. 1959, pp. 33-38.
27. MEADOWS, E. B., and T OWNSEND, J. W., JR.: I GY Rocket Measurements of Arctic Atmospheric Composition Above 100 km. Space Research, Hilde Kallmann-Bijl, ed., I nterscience Publ., Inc. ( ew York), 1960, pp. 175-198.
2 . MIKHNEVICB, V. V., and KBVOSTIKOV, 1. A. : Investigation of the High Layers of the Atmosphere. Bull. Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R.-Geophys. Ser., no. 11, P ergamon Pres, In c. ( ew York), 1957, pp. 88-107.
29. SPENCER, N. W.: R esearch in the Measurement of Ambient Pressure, T emperature, and D ensity of the Upper Atmosphere by Means of Rockets. 2096-18- F (AF CRC TR-58-464), Eng. R es. Inst., Univ . of Michigan, June 1958.
30. SPENCER, . W., BOGGESS, R. L., and T AEUSCH, D.: Press ure, T emperat ure, and Density to 90 km Over Fort Churchill. Papers Presented at CSAGI Meeting, Mo COw, Russia, July 30-August 9, 1958. Sci. Rep. No. ES-2 (AFCR C TN-5 -618), Res. Inst., Univ. of Michigan, Sept. 195 .
31. SPENCER, . W., an d Dow, W. G.: Den ity-Gauge Methods for Measuring Upper-Air T emperature, Pressure, and Winds. Rocket Exploration of the Upper Atmosphere. R. L. F . Boyd and M. J . Seaton, ed ., Interscience Pub!., Inc. ( ew York), 1954, pp. 82-97.
32. STROUD, W. G., NORDBERG, W., et al. : Rocket-Grenade Meas urements of T emperature and Winds in the Mesosphere Over Churchill, Canada. Jour. Geophys. Res. , vol. 65, no. 8, Aug. 1960, pp. 2307-2323.

33. NICOLET, MARCEL: Density of the Heterosphere Related to Temperature. Special R ep. o. 75, Smithsonian Institution Astrophysical Observatory, Sept. 19, 1961.
34. J ACCHIA, LUIGI G. : A Working Model for the Upper
Atmosphere. Nature, vol. 192, no. 4808, Dec. 23, 1961, pp. 1147-1148. 35. JA CCHTA, LUIGI G.: E lectromagnetic and Corpuscular Heating of the Upper Atmosphere. Presented at Third I nternational Space Science Symposium and Fifth COSPAR Plenary Meeting, Washington, D.C., Apr. 30, to May 9, 1962. 36. J ACCHIA, LUIGI G. : T wo Atmospheric Effects in the Orbital Acceleration of Artificial Satellites. Nature (Letters to the E ditors), vol. 183, no. 4660, Feb. 21 , 19 5 9 , p p . 5 2 6 - 5 2 7 . 37. PRIESTER, W., MARTIN, H. A., and KRAMP, K.: Diurnal and Seasonal Density Variations in the Upper Atmosphere. Nature, vol. 188, no. 4746, Oct. 15, 1960, pp. 202-204. 38. WYATT, STANLEY P.: Solar Effects in the Motion of Vanguard. Nature (Letters to the Editors) , vol. 184, no. 4683, Aug. 1, 1959, pp. 351-352. 39. N ICOLET, M. : Les Variations de la densite et du transport de chaleur par conduction dans l'atmosphere superieure. Space Research, Hilde Kallmann-Bijl, ed., Interscience Publ., I nc. (New ·York), 1960, pp. 46-89. 40. JACCHIA, LUIGI G.: A Variable Atmospheric-Density Model From Satellite Accelerations. J our. Geophys. Res ., vol. 65, no. 9, Sept. 1960, pp. 2775-2782. 41. J ACCHIA, L. G., and BRIGGS, R. E. : Orbital Acceleration of Satellite 1958 Beta Two. SpeCial Rep . o. 18, Smithsonian Instit ution Astrophysical Observatory, Oct. 4, 1958, pp. 9-12. 42. PRIESTER, WOLFGANG: Sonnenaktivitat und abbremsung der Erdsatelliten . N atur1Vissenschaften, vol. 46, no . 6, Mar. 20, 1959, pp. 197-198. 43. P AETZOLD, H. K.: Solar Activity Effects on the Upper Atmosphere After Satellite Observations. Presented at Third I nternational Space Science Symposium and Fifth COSPAR Plenary Meeting, Washington, D .C., Apr. 30 to May 9, 1962. 44. P AETZOLD, H. K., and ZSCHORNER, H.: Bearings of Sputnik III and the Variable Acceleration of Satellites. Space Research, Hilde K allmann-Bijl, ed., I nterscience Publ., I nc: ( ew York), 1960, pp. 24-36. 45. JACCHIA, LUIGI G.: Corpuscular Radiation and the Acceler ation of Artificial Satellites. Nature (Letters to the Editors), vol. 183, no. 4676, June 13, 1959, pp. 16621663. 46. BARTELS, J.: T errestri al-Magnetic Activity and Its Relation to Solar Phenomena. Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity, vol. 37, no. 1, Mar. 1932, pp. 1-52. 47. SHAPIRO, RALPH, and WARD, FREDERICK W., JR: Daily
ormals of the International Magnetic Character Figure, C1. J OUT. Geophys. Res., vol. 65, no . 1, 1960, pp.115- 117. 48. PRIESTER, W. , and CATTANI, D.: On the Semiannual Variation of Geomagnetic Activity and Its Relation to the Solar Corpuscular R adiation. J our. Atmospheric Sci., vol. 19, no. 2, Mar. 1962, pp. 121- 126.

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PART III
The Tables

PART III

The Tables

The main tables, contained in Part III of this

document, have been computed by using the con-

stants, conversion factors, and equations developed

and discussed in Part 1. Computation has been

accomplished by means of electronic digital com-

puters with selected check points validated by com-

putation on a different machine. The automatic

print-out from the machines has been directly

reproduced here by a photographic process. Thus,

every precaution possible has been taken to eliminate

both computational errors and errors of transcription.

The tables are arranged in two principal categories:

Atmospheric properties as a function of altitude,

metric units

Atmospheric properties as a function of altitude,

English units

It is to be emphasized that on left-hand pages entry

is made in terms of geopotential altitude. On

right-hand pages the same quantities appear in terms

of geometric altitude. This arrangement is followed

to an altitude of 90 km. Above this altitude all

entries are made in terms of geometric altitude only.

A secondary category of the main tables presents

pressure as a function of altitude in various units.

For added convenience, the contents of Part III

are repeated here:

Table

Page

I Temperature, pressure, and density.

Metric units ____________________ . 35

Table

Page

II Acceleration due to gravity, specific

weight, pressure scale height, num-

ber density, particle speed, collision

frequency, mean free path, and mo-

lecular weight. Metric units_______ 61

III Sound speed, coefficient of viscosity,

kinematic viscosity, and thermal

conductivity. "Metric units________ 87

IV Temperature, pressure, and density.

English units_____________________ 107

V Acceleration due to gravity, specific weight, pressure scale height, number density, particle speed, collision frequency, mean free path, and molecular weight. English units______ 149
VI Sound speed, coefficient of viscosity, kinematic viscosity, and thermal conductivity. English units _______ 191

VII Geopotential altitude in meters as a {unction of pressure in millibars_ ___ 225

VIII Geopotential altitude in meters as a
function of pressure in millimeters of mercury_________________________ 241

IX Geopotential altitude in feet as a function of pressure in millibars________ 255

X Geopotential altitude in feet as a func-
tion of pressure in inches of mercury____________________________ 271

33

668502 0 - 63 - 4

Page intentionally left blank

Page intentionally left blank

36

TABLE I

GEOPOTENTIAL ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

Temperature

Pressure

Density

._-----

H, m Z, m T,oK

t,OC TM , oK

P, mb

P, mm Hg

...E..
Po

P, kg m- 3

P Po

-5000 -4950 -4900 -11850 -4800 -11750 -4700 -4650 -"600 -4550
-11500 - .. 450 -4"00 -"350 -11300 -11250 -11200 -"150 -11100 -"050
- .. 000 -3950 -3900 -3850 -3800 -3750 -3700 -3650 -3600 -3550
-3500 -3450 -3"00 -3350 -3300 -3250 -3200 -3150 -3100 -3050
-3000 -2950 -2900 -2850 -2800 -2750 -2700 -2650 -2600 -2550
-2500 -2450 -2400 -2350 -2300 -2250 -2200 -2150 -2100 -2050
-2000 -1950 -1900 -1850 -11l00 -1750 -1700 -1650 -HOO -1550
-1500 -1450 -1400 -1350 -1300 -1250 -1200 -1150 -1100 -1050

-4996 -4946 -4896 -4846 -4796 -4746 -4697 -46117 -4597 -45117
-11"97 - ..11.. 7 -"397 -1I3H -11297 -42117 -"197 -41H -4097 -"047
-3997 -39118 -3898 -38"8 -3798 -37118 -3698 -36"8 -3598 -3548
-3"98 -3"48 -3398 -33"8 -3298 -32"8 -3198 -3148 -3098 -30119
-2999 -29"9 -2899 -2849 -2799 -27"9 -2699 -26"9 -2599 -25"9
-2"99 -2 ....9 -2399 -23119 -2299 -22119 -2199 -21119 -2099 -20119
-1999 -19119 -1899 -1849 -1799 -1750 -1700 -1650 -1600 -1550
-1500 -1450 -,1400 -1350 -1300 -1250 -1200 -1150 -1100 -1050

320.650 320.325 320.000 319.675 319.350 319.025 318.700 318.375 318.050 317.725
317 ...00 317.075 316.750 316."25 316.100 315.715 315.1150 315.125 314.800 314.475
314.150 313.825 313.500 313.175 312.850 312.525 312.200 311.875 311.550 311.225
310.900 310.575 310.250 309.925 309.600 309.275 308.950 308.625 308.300 307.975
307.650 307.325 307.000 306.675 306.350 306.025 305.700 305.375 305.050 30".725
30".400 30".075 303.750 303."25 303.100 302.715 302.450 302.125 301.800 301."75
301.150 300.825 300.500 300.175 299.850 299.525 299.200 298.875 298.550 298.225
297.900 297.575 297.250 296.925 296.600 296.275 295.950 295.625 295.300 2911.975

47.500 47.175 116.850 116.525 46.200 45.875 "5.550 45.225 44.900 4".575
"11.250 "3.925 "3.600 "3.275 112.950 112.625 "2.300 "1.975 "1.650 "1.325
41.000 40.675 "0.350 "0.025 39.700 39.375 39.050 38.725 38.400 38.075
37.750 37."25 37.100 36.775 36."50 36.125 35.800 35.475 35.150 3".825
311.500 34.175 33.850 33.525 33.200 32.875 32.550 32.225 31.900 31.575
31.250 30.925 30.600 30.2H 29.950 29.625 29.300 28.975 28.650 28.325
28.000 27.675 27.350 27.025 26.700 26.375 26.050 25.725 25."00 25.075
211.750 211."25 211.100 23.775 23 • .,50 23.125 22.800 22.475 22.150 21.825

320.650 320.325 320.000 319.675 319.350 319.025 318.700 318.375 318.050 317.725
317 ... 00 317 .075 316.750 316."25 316.100 315.775 315.450 315.125 314.800 314.475
314.150 313.825 313.500 313.175 312.850 312.525 312.200 311.875 311.550 311.225
310.900 310.575 310.250 309.925 309.600 309.275 308.950 308.625 308.300 307.975
307.650 307.325 307.000 306.675 306.350 306.025 305.700 305.375 305.050 304.725
30 .....00 30".075 303.750 303.1125 303.100 302.775 302."50 302.125 301.800 301.1175
301.150 300.825 300.500 300.175 299.850 299.525 299.200 298.875 298.550 298.225
297.900 297.575 297.250 296.925 296.600 296.275 295.950 295.625 295.300 294.975

1.71687 + 3 1.76743 1.75802 1.74866 1.73933 1.73005 1.72081 1.71160 1.702 .... 1.69332
1.68"23 + 3 1.67519 1.66618 1.65722 1.611829 1.639110 1.63055 1.62174 1.61297 1.60"24
1.59554 + 3 1.58689 1.57827 1.56969 1.56115 1.5526" 1.5"417 1.5357" 1.52735 1.51900
1.51068 + 3 1.502"0 1.49"15 1 . . . 8 5 9 .. 1."7777 1.46964 1. . . 6 1 5 .. 1."53117 1..... 5.. 5
1."37106
1."2950 + 3 1.42158 1.41370 1."0585 1.39804 1.39026 1.38252 1.371<81 1.3671 .. 1.35950
1.35190 /3 1.3"433 1.33679 1.32929 1.32183 1.311139 1.30699 1.29963 1.29230 1.28500
1.27714 + 3 1.27051 1.26331 1.25614 1.211901 1.211191 1.231185 1.22781 1.22081 1.2138"
1.20691 + 3 1.20000 1.19313 1.18629 1.179"8 1.17270 1.16596 1.15925 1.15256 1.14591

1.33276 + 3 1.32568 1.31862 1.31160 1.301161 1.29764 1.29071 1.28381 1.27693 1.27009
1.26328 + 3 1.25649 1.2"9710 1.211302 1.23632 1.22965 1.22302 1.216"1 1.20983 1.20328
1.19676 + 3 1.19026 1.18380 1.17736 1.17096 1.16"58 1.15823 1.15190 1.1"561 1.1393"
1.13310 + 3 1.12689 1.12071 1.lh55 1.108"2 1.10232 1.0962" 1.09020 1.08"17 1.07818
1.07221 + 3 1.06627 1.06036 1.054"8 1.0"861 1.011278 1.03697 1.03119 1.025"4 1.01971
1.01"01 + 3 1.00833 1.00268 9.97051 + 2 9.911151 9.85876 9.80327 9.711802 9.69304 9.63830
9.58382 + 2 9.52958 9.47559 9.42185 9.36836 9.31512 9.26212 9.20936 9.15685 9.101158
9.05255 + 2 9.00076 8.94921 8.89791 8.8468" 8.79601 8.7115111 8.69505 8.6"1193 8.595011

1.75363 + 0 1.74431 1.73503 1.72579 1.71659 1.70743 1.69830 1.68922 1.68018 1.67117
1.66221 + 0 1.65328 1.6111139 1.63555 1.6267" 1.61796 1.60923 1.6005" 1.59188 1.58326
1.57"68 + 0 1.5661" 1.55763 1.5"916 1.5"073 1.53234 1.52398 1.51566 1.50738 1.49913
1.49092 + 0 1."8275 1."7461 1."6651 1... 58 .. 5 1... 50 ..2 1..... 2.. 2 1... 3.... 7
1."2655 1.111866
1."1081 + 0 1.110299 1.39521 1.387H 1.37976 1.37208 1.36111111 1.35683 1.311926 1.3"172
1.33"22 + 0 1.32675 1.31931 1.31191 1.3045" 1.29721 1.28990 1.28263 1.275110 1.26820
1.26103 + 0 1.25389 1.2"679 1.23972 1.23268 1.22567 1.21870 1.21176 1.201085 1.19797
1.19112 + 0 1.181031 1.17753 1.17078 1.16"06 1.15737 1.15071 1.111409 1.137"9 1.13093

1.9305 + 0 1.9222 1.9139 1.9056 1.8974 1.8892 1.8810 1.8728 1.8647 1.8566
1.8"86 + 0 1.8"05 1.8325 1.82115 1.8166 1.8086 1.8007 1.7928 1.7850 1.7171
1.7693 + 0 1.7616 1.7538 1.7"61 1.738" 1.7307 1.7231 1.715" 1.7078 1.7003
1.6927 + 0 1.6852 1.6717 1.6703 1.6628 1.655" 1.6480 1.6"06 1.6333 1.6260
1.6187 + 0 1.611" 1.6042 1.5970 1.5898 1.5826 1.5755 1.56811 1.5613 1.5542
1.5"72 + 0 1.5"01 1.5332 1.5262 1.5192 1.5123 1.50511 1.4986 1.4917 1.11849
1.4781 + 0 1.11713 1.46"5 1.11578 1• .,511 1• .,444 1.11378 1."311 1. . . 2115 1... 179
1... Illi + 0 1."048 1.3983 1.3918 1.3853 1.3789 1.3725 1.3661 1.3597 1.3533

1.5759 + 0 1.5691 1.5623 1.5556 1.5489
1.5"22 1.5355 1.5289 1.5222 1.5156
1.5090 + 0 1.5025 1."959 1.118911 1.11829 1.11764 1.4700 1."635 1.4571 1.4507
1."444 + 0 1.4380 1."317 1."254 1."191 1."128 1."066 1."004 1.3942 1.3880
1.3818 + 0 1.3757 1.3696 1.3635 1.35710 1.3513 1.31153 1.3393 1.3333 1.3273
1.3214 + 0 1.3155 1.3095 1.3037 1.2978 1~2919 1.2861 1.2803 1.27105 1.2687
1.2630 + 0 1.2573 1.2516 1.21159 1.2"02 1.2345 1.2289 1.2233 1.2177 1.2121
1.2066 + 0 1.2011 1.1955 1.1901 1.18"6 1.1791 1.1737 1.1683 1.1629 1.1575
1.1521 + 0 1.11168 1.11115 1.1362 1.1309 1.1256 1.12011 1.1152 1.1099 1.1048

•
Table I
TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE, AND DENSITY
Metric Units NOTE: A one- or two-digit number (preceded by a plus or minus sign) following the initial
entry of each block indicates the power of tlln by which that entry and each succeeding entry of that block should be mUltiplied. A change of power occurring within a block is indicated by a similar notation.

TABLE I

37

GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

Temperature

Pressure

Density

Z, m H,m T,oK

t,OC TM, oK

P, mb

P, mm Hg

E..
Po

p, kg m- 3

P Po

-5000
-~950 -~900
-"850 -"800
-~750 -~700 -~~50
-"600
-~550
-~500
- .... 50
-~~OO -~350
-11300 -11250 -11200 -"150 -"100 - .. 050
-"000 -3950 -3900 -3E50 -3800 -3750 -3700 -3650 -3600 -3550
-3500 -3"50 -3"00 -3350 -3300 -3250 -3200 -3150 -310O -3050
-3000 -2950 -2900 -2850 -2800 -2750 -2700 -2650 -2600 -2550
-2500 -2"50 -2"00 -2350 -2300 -2250 -2200 -2150 -2100 -2050
-2000 -1950 -1900 -1850 -1800 -1750 -1700 -1650 -1600 -1550
-1500 -1"50 -1"00 -1350 -1300 -1250 -1200 -1150 -1100 - 1050

-500~ -~95~ -~90~
-~85~
- .. 80.. -1175" -11703 -"653 -"603 - .. 553
-"503
-~"53 -"~03 -~353
-"303 -"253 -"203 - .. 153 -"103 -11053
-~003
-3952 -3902 -3852 -3802 -3152 -3702 -3652 -3602 -3552
-3502
-3~52
-31102 -3352 -3302 -3252 -3202 -3152 -3102 -3051
-3001 -2951 -2901 -2851 -2801 -2751 -2701 -2651 -2601 -2551
-2501 -21151 -2"01 -2351 -2301 -2251 -2201 -2151 -2101 -2051
-2001 -1951 -1901 -1851 -1801 -1750 - I 700 -1650 -1600 - I 550
-1500 -1"50 -11100 -1350 - 1300 -1250 -1200 -1 ISO -1100 -1050

320.676 320.350 320.025 319.699 319.37"
319.0~8
318.723 318.397 318.012
317.1~6
311.~21
317.095 316.770
316.~~1I
316.119 315.193 315."68 315.1"3
31~.811
31".1192
31".166 313.8"1 313.516 313.190 312.865 312.539 312.21" 311.889 311.563 311.238
310.913 310.587 310.262 309.936 309.611 309.286 308.960 308.635 308.310 307.985
307.659 307.33" 307.009 306.683 306.358 306.033 305.707 305.382 305.057 3011.732
30".406 304.081 303.756 303.431 303.105 302.780 302."55 302.130 301.805 301 ....19
301.154 300.829 300.50" 300.178 299.853 299.528 299.203 298.878 298.553 298.227
297.902 297.517 297.252 296.927 296.602 296.277 295.951 295.626 295.301 29".976

~ 7.526
~7.200
"6.875
"6.5~9
"6.22"
~5.898
~5. 513 "5.2117
"~.922 ~~.596
~".211 ~3.9"5 ~3.620
113.29" 112.969 "2.6"3 "2.318 "1.993
~1.667
.. 1.3.. 2
.. 1.0 I 6 "0.691 "0.366 "0.0"0 39.115 39.389 39.06" 38.739 38. ~ 13 38.088
37.763 37."31 37.112 36.786 36."61 36.136 35.810 35."85 35.160 3".835
3... 509 311.T811 33.859 33.533 33.208 32.883 32.557 32.232 31.907 31.582
31.256 30.931 30.606 30.281 29.955 29.630 29.305 28.980 28.655 28.329
28.004 27.679 27.3511 27.028 26.703 26.378 26.053 25.728 25.1103 25.077
2".752 2".1127 2".102 23.777 23.1152 23.127 22.801 22.1176 22. 151 21.826

320.676 320.350 320.025 319.699 319.31" 319.0"8 318.123 318.397 318.072
317.1~6
311.~21
311.095 316.110
316.~~1I
316.119 315.793 315.468 315.1"3
31~.811
31 .....92
31".166 313.8"1 313.516 313.190 312.865 312.539 312.21" 311.889 311.563 311.238
310.913 310.587 310.262 309.936 309.611 309.286 308.960 308.635 308.310 307.985
307.659 307.33" 301.009 306.683 306.358 306.033 305.707 305.382 305.057 30".732
30".1106 30".081 303.756 303."31 303.105 302.780 302."55 302.130 301.805 30 I .479
301.154 300.829 300.5011 300. H8 299.853 299.526 299.203 298.878 298.553 298.227
297.902 297.577 297.252 296.927 296.602 296.217 295.951 295.626 295.301 29".976

1.77762 + 3 1.76815 1.15813
1.1~935
1.1"001 1.13071 1.121"5 1.11223 1.70305 1.69391
I.68~81 + 3 1.67575 1.66673 1.65775 1.6"881 1.63991 1.6310" 1.62222 I .613"~ 1.60"69
1.59598 + 3 1.58131 1.57868 1.51009 1.56 153 1.550302 1 . 5.... 5 .. 1.53610 1.52769 1.51933
1.51100 + 3 1.50271 I .~9""5 1."8623 I .~7805 1."6991 1."6180 1."5373 1..... 569
1.~3769
I. ~2973 + 3 1"."2180
1.~1391
1.110605 1.39823 1.390115 1.38270 1.31"98 1.36130 1.35966
1.35205 + 3 1.3...... 7 1.33693 1.329"2 1.32195 1.31"51 1.30711 I.299H 1.292"0 1.28510
1.27783 + 3 1.27059 1.26339 1.25622 1.211908 1.24198 1.23491 1.22787 1.22087 1.21390
1.20696 + 3 1.20005 1.19317 1.18633 1.11952 1.1127" 1.16599 1.15927 1.15259 1.1"593

1.33332 + 3 1.32622 1.31916 1.31212 1.30511
1.2981~
1.29119 1.28"28 1.21139 1.21054
1.26311 + 3 1.25692 1.25015 1.2"3112 1.23611 1.23003 1.22338 1.21677 1.21018 1.20362
1.19108 + 3 1.19058 1.1811 I I 1.11766 1.11125 1.16"86 1.15850 I. 15211 1.111586 1.13959
1.1333~ + 3 1.12112 1.12093 1.11"77 1.10863 1.10252 1.096.... 1.09038
1.08~36
1.07836
1.07238 + 3 1.066 .... 1.06052 1. 05~63
1.0~816
1.011292 1.03711 1.03132 1.02556 1.01983
1.011112 + 3 1.008.... 1.00278 9.911"8 + 2 9 . 9 1 5 .... 9.8596" 9.80" I I 9.7"883 9.69380 9.63902
9.58450 + 2 9.53023 9.4762 I 9.112243 9.36891 9.31563 9.26260 9.20981 9.15727 9.101197
9.0529 I + 2 9.0011 0 8.94953 8.89820 8.8"71 I 8.79626 8.7 .. 5611 8.69526 8.611512 8.59521

1.75~37 + 0 1.1"503 1.13513
1.126~7
1.11125 1.70808 1.6989" 1.6898" 1.68018 1.61116
1.66278 + 0 1.6538"
I.6~~9"
1.63607 1.62725 1.618"6 1.60912 1.60101
1.5923~
1.58311
1.57511 + 0 1.56656 1.5580" 1.5"956 1.5"" I 1.53271 1.52 .. 3.. 1.51601 1.50772 I ."99~6
1. ~912" + 0 1."8305 1."71191 1. "6680 1."5872 1."5068 1.....268 1... 3..72 1... 2679 1."1889
1.~II03 + 0 1."0321 1.395112 1.38766 1.37995 1.37226 1.361161 1.35700 1.3119112 1.3"188
1.33436 + 0 1.32689 1.319"5 1.3120" 1.30466 1.29132 1.29001 1.2827" 1.27550 1.26829
1.26112 + 0 1.25398 1.2"681 1.23979 1.23275 1.225711 1.21876 1.21182 1.20"90 1.19802
1.19117 + 0 1.181136 1.17757 1.17082 1.16"09 1. I 5740 1.150711 1.1 .... 11 1. 13752 1.13095

1.9311 + 0 1.9228
1.91~5
1.9062 1.8980 1.8898 1.8816 I .813~ 1.8653 1.8572
1.8"9 I + 0 1.8"10 1.8330 1.8250 1.8170 1.8091 1.8011 1.7933 1.785" 1.1115
1.7691 + 0 1.7619 1.75"2
I.7~6"
1.7387 1.7311 1.723" 1.1158 1.7082 1.7006
1.6930 + 0 1.6855 1.6180 1.6705 1.6631 1.6556 1.6"82 1.6"09 1.6335 1.6262
1.6189 + 0 1.6116 1.601111 1.5912 1.5900 1.5828 1.5756 1.5685 1.56111 1.551111
1.5413 + 0 1.5403 1.5333 1.5263 1.519" 1.512" 1.5055 1.11987 1.11918 1."850
1."782 + 0 1.4714 1."6116 1.4579 1.11512 1....... 5 1."378 1."312 1.11246 1.4180
1.111111 + 0 1."0119 1.398" 1.3919 1.385" 1.3789 1.3725 1.3661 1.3597 1.353"

1.576~ + 0 1.5696 1.5629 1.5561 I. 5~9~
I.5~27
1.5360 1.5293 1.5221 1.5160
1.509" + 0 1.5029 I .~963 1."898 1."833 I .~768 1.11703 1."639 1."575 1."511
1.~~"1 + 0 1."383 1."320 1."257 1... 19 .. 1."131 1."069 1."006 1.39 .... 1.3882
1.3821 + 0 1.3759 1.3698 1.3631 1.3576 1.3515 1.3"55 1.3395 1.3335 1.3275
1.3216 + 0 1.3156 1.3097 1.3038 1.2919 1.2921 1.2862 1.280 .. 1.27116 1.2689
1.2631 + 0 1.257" 1.2511 1.21160 1.2"03 1.2346 1.2290 1.2234 1.2118 1.2122
1.2061 + 0 1.2011 1.1956 1.1901 1.1846 1.1792 1.1137 1.1683 1.1629 1.1575
1.1522 + 0 1.1"68 1.1"15 1.1362 1.1309 1.1257 1.12011 1.·1152 1.1100 1.1048

38

TABLE I. -Continued

GEOPOTENTIAL ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

H, m Z, m

-1000 -950 -900 -850 -800 -750 -700 -650 -600 -550
-500 -450 -400 -350 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100
-50
0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 1050
500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950
1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 , .. 00 11150
1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 21000 21050
2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950

-1000 -950 -900 -850 -800 -750 -700 -650 -600 -550
-500 -450 -"00 -350 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100
-50
0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 .. 50
500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950
1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 11100 11150
1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1801 1851 1901 1951
2001 2051 2101 2151 2201 2251 2301 2351 2 .. 01 21051
2501 2551 2601 2651 2701 2751 2801 2851 2901 2951

Temperature

Pressure

Density

T,oK

t,OC TM , oK

P, mb

P, mm Hg

£..
Po

P, kg m- 3

P Po

29".650 29".325 294.000 293.675 293.350 293.025 292.700 292.375 292.050 291.725
291."00 291.075 290.750 290.425 290.100 289.775 289.450 289.125 288.800 288.1175
288.150
287.825 287.500 287.175 286.850 286.525 286.200 285.875 285.550 285.225
2a".900 28".575 28".250 283.925 283.600 283.215 282.950 282.625 282.300 281.975
281.650 281.325 281.000 280.615 280.350 280.025 219.700 219.375 279.050 278.725
278.1<00 278.075 277.750 271.1125 277.100 276.775 276."50 276.125 275.800 275.1<75
275.150 27".825 21".500 27".175 273.850 213.525 273.200 272.875 272.550 272.225
271.900 271.575 271.250 210.925 270.600 270.275 269.950 269.625 269.300 268.915

21.500 21.175 20.850 20.525 20.200 19.875 19.550 19.225 18.900 18.575
18.250 17.925 17 .600 17.275 16.950 16.625 16.300 15.975 15.650 15.325
15.000
110.675 '''.350 '''.025 13.700 13.375 13.050 12.125 12.400 12.075
11.750 11."25 11.100 10.775 10."50 10.125
9.800 9.1t75 9.150 8.825
8.500 8.175 7.850 7.525 7.200 6.875 6.550 6.225 5.900 5.575
5.250 ".925 ".600 11.275 3.950 3.625 3.300 2.915 2.650 2.325
2.000 1.675 1.350 1.025 0.700 0.375 0.050 -0.275 -0.600 -0.925
-1.250 -1.575 -1.900 -2.225 -2.550 -2.815 - 3. 200 -3.525 -3.850 -11.115

294.650 29".325 29".000 293.675 293.350 293.025 292.700 292.375 292.050 291.725
291."00 291.075 290.750 290.425 290.100 289.775 289.450 289.125 288.800 288.475
288.150
287.825 281.500 287.175 286.850 286.525 286.200 285.875 285.550 285.225
28".900 28".515 2810.250 283.925 283.600 283.275 282.950 282.625 282.300 281.975
281.650 281.325 281.000 280.615 280.350 280.025 279.700 279.375 279.050 278.725
278."00 278.075 277.750 277."25 277.100 276.715 276.1<50 276.125 275.800 275.415
275.150 27".825 27'<.500 27".175 273.850 213.525 273.200 212.875 272.550 272.225
211.900 271.575 211.250 270.925 210.600 270.215 269.950 269.625 269.300 268.915

1.13929 + 3 1.13270 1.1261" 1.11962 1.11312 1.10665 1.10022 1.09381 1.0874" 1.08109
1.07"77 + 3 1.06849 1.06223 1.05601 1.04981 1. 0..365 1.03751 1.03140 1.02532 1.01927
1.01325 + 3
1. 00726 1.00129 9.95359 + 2 9.89453 9.83575 9.77725 9.71904 9.66111 9.603 .. 5
9.5"608 + 2 9."8898 9.43216 9.37562 9.31935 9.26336 9.20763 9.15218 9.09100 9.0"209
8.981"5 + 2 8.93308 8.87897 8.82513 8.71155 8.71821< 6.66519 8.612"0 8.55987 8.50761
8 ... 5560 + 2 8 ...038.. 8.35235 8.30111 8.25013 8.19939 6.1"892 6.09669 8.0"872 7.99899
7.9"952 + 2 7.90029 7.85131 1.80257 1.751<09 7.7058" 7.65784 7.61006 1.56256 7.51529
7."4625 + 2 7."211<5 1.37"89 1.32856 1.282"8 7.23662 7.19100 1.11<562 7.100"6 7.055511

8.51<538 + 2 8."9596 8 ..... 677 8.39781 8.34908 8.30057 8.25230 8.20"25 8.1564" 8.1088"
8.06147 + 2 8.01"33 7.967'" 7.92071 7.87424 1.82798 7.78195 7.73613 7.69054 7.6"516
1.60000 + 2
7.55505 7.51032 7.46581 7."2151 1.377"2 7.3335" 7.28988 7.24643 1.20318
1.16015 + 2 1.11732 7.07"70 7.03229 6.99009 6.9"809 6.90629 6.86470 6.82331 6.78213
6.7"'110 + 2 6.10036 6.65978 6.61939 6.57921 6.53922 6."9943 6."5983 6.420"3 6.38123
6.3"222 + 2 6.30340 6.26"78 6.22634 6.18810 6.15005 6.11219 6.07"52 6.03703 5.9997"
5.96263 + 2 5.92570 5.88897 5.652'" 5.8160" 5.11986 5.111385 5.10803 5.67239 5.63693
5.60165 + 2 5.56655 5.53162 5."9666 5."6231 5."2791 5.39310 5.35965 5.32579 5.29209

1.12"39 + 0 1.11789 1.11142 1.10497 1.09856 1.09218 1.08583 1.07951 I.OH22 1.06695
1.06072 + 0 1.05452 1.04834 1.04220 1.03608 1.03000 1.02394 1.0 1791 1.01191 1.00594
1.00000 + 0
9.910086 - 1 9.88200 9.823103 9.165111 9.70713 9.64940 9.59195 9.53477 9." 7187
9."2125 - 1
9.36"90 9.30882 9.25302 9.19749 9.1"222 9.08723 9.03250 8.97805 8.92385
8.86993 - I 8.81626 8.76286 8.70973 8.65685 6.60"23 6.55188 8.119978 6 ..... 19.. 8.39635
8.3"502 - 1 6.29395 8.2"313 8.19256 8.1"224 8.09217 8.0"236 7.99279 7.9"3111 7.69"39
7.8"556 - I 7.19698 1 . 7 .. 8 6 .. 7.7005" 1.65269 7.60507 7.55770 7.51057 7."6367 7.1<1701
7.37059 - I 7.32 .... 0 7.278"5 1.23273 7.18725 1.''''99 7.09691 7.05218 7.00761 6.96328

1.31170 + 0 1.3407 1.334" 1.3281 1.3219 1.3157 1.3095 1.3033 1.2971 1.2910
1.28"9 + 0 1.2788 1.2727 1.2667 1.2607 1. 254 7 1.2"87 1.2"27 1.2368 1.2309
1.2250 + 0
1.2191 1.2133 1.2015 1.2017 1.1959 1.1901 1.184" 1.1786 1.1729
1.1673 + 0 1.1616 1.1560 1.1504 1.11148 1.1392 1.1336 1.1281 1.1226 1.1171
1.1116 + 0 1.1062 1.1008 1.095" 1.0900 1.08"6 1.0793 1.0739 1.0686 1.0633
1.0581 + 0 1.0528 1.01116 1.0"2" 1.0372 1.0320 1.0269 1.0218 1.0166 1.0116
1.0065 + 0 1.0011< 9.96'" - 1 9.91"0 9.86'" 9.81"3 9.76"8 9.7155 9.6663 9.6171<
- 9.5686 I
9.5200 9."716 9.1<234 9.315" 9.3276 9.2799 9.2325 9.1852 9.1381

1.0996 + 0 1.0944 1.0893 1.08"2 1.0791 1.0740 1.0690 1.0639 1.0589 1.0539
1.0"89 + 0 1.0"39 1.0390 1.03"0 1.0291 1.0242 1.0193 1.01"5 1.0096 1.0048
1.0000 + a
9.9521 - 1 9.9044 9.8568 9.8094 9.7622 9.71 5 1 9.6683 9.6216 9.5751
- 9.5287 1
9.10826 9."365 9.3907 9.3"51 9.2996 9.25"2 9.2091 9.1641 9.1193
9.0746 - 1 9.0302 8.9858 8.9"'1 8.8977 8.8539 8.6102 8.7668 8.7234 8.6803
- 8.6313 1
8.59"5 8.5518 8.5093 6.11669 6."246 8.3827 8.3409 8.2992 8.2576
8.2162 - 1 8.1750 8.13"0 8.0930 8.0523 8.0117 7.9713 7.9310 7.8909 7.8509
1.6111 - I 7.1714 7.7319 7.6926 1.653" 7.61"3 7.5751< 7.5367 7.4981 7.4597

TABLE 1. -Continued

39

GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

Z, m H,m

-1000 -950 -900 -850 -800 -750 -700 -650 -600 -550
-500 -1150 -400 -350 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100
-50
0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 .. 00 1150
500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950
1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1.. 00 11150
1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 le50 1900 1950
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 2 .. 00 21050
2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950

-1000 -950 -900 -850 -800 -750 -700 -650 -600 -550
-500 -1150 -400 -350 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100
-50
0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 .. 00 .. 50
500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950
1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 11100 1.. 50
1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1799 18.. 9 1899 19 .. 9
1999 20.. 9 2099 21109 2199 22.. 9 2299 2 3 .. 9 2399 2 .... 9
2.. 99 25.. 9 2599 2 6 .. 9 2699 27119 2799 2 8 .. 9 2899 29 .. 9

Temperature

Pressure

Density

T,oK
29".651 29".326 2911.001 293.676 293.351 293.026 292.700 292.375 292.050 291.725
291.1100 291.075 290.750 290.425 290.100 289.715 289.1150 289.125 288.800 288.1175
288.150
287.825 287.500 287.175 286.850 286.525 286.200 285.875 285.550 285.225
28".900 28".575 28".250 283.925 283.600 283.276 282.951 282.626 282.301 281.976
281.651 281.326 281.001 280.676 280.351 280.027 279.702 279.371 279.052 278.727
278.1102 278.071 271.753 277.1128 271.103 276.718 276."53 276.128 275.80" 275.1t79
275.15" 27".829 27".505 27".180 273.855 273.530 273.205 272.881 272.556 272.231
271.906 271.582 271.257 270.932 270.607 270.283 269.958 269.633 269.309 268.98"

t,OC TM, oK

P, mb

P, mm Hg

.E..
Po

P, kg m- 3

21.501 21.176 20.851 20.526 20.201 19.876 19.550 19.225 18.900 18.575
18.250 17 .925 17.600 17 .275 16.950 16.625 16.300 15.975 15.650 15.325
15.000
h.675 110.350 111.025 13.700 13.375 13.050 12.725 12.1100 12.075
11.750 11."25 11.100 10.775 10."50 10.126
9.801 9.1176 9.151 8.826
8.501 8.176 7.851 7.526 7.201 6.871 6.552 6.227 5.902 5.571
5.252 ".927 ... 603 ... 278 3.953 3.628 3.303 2.978 2.65" 2.329
2.00" 1.679 1.355 1.030 0.705 0.380 0.055 -0.269 -0.5911 -0.919
- 1 . 2 .... -1.568 -1.893 -2.218 -2.5"3 -2.867 -3.192 -3.517 -3.8"1 -11.166

29".651 29".326 29".001 293.676 293.351 293.026 292.700 292.375 292.050 291.725
291.1100 291.075 290.750 290.1125 290.100 289.715 289."50 289.125 288.800 288,"7,5
288.150
287.825 287.500 287.175 286.850 286.525 286.200 285.875 285.550 285.225
28",900 2811.575 28".250 283.925 283.600 283.276 282.951 282.626 282.301 281.976
281.651 281.326 281.001 280.676 280.351 280.027 279.702 279.377 279.052 278.727
278.1102 278.071 271.753 271."28 277.103 276.778 276."53 276.128 275.80 .. 275.1t79
275.1511 27".829 27".505 27".180 273.855 273.530 273.205 272.881 272.556 272.231
271.906 271.582 271.257 270.932 270.607 270.283 21>9.958 269.633 269.309 268.98"

1.13931 + 3 1.13212 1.12616 1.11963 1.11313 1.10666 1.10023 1.09382 1.08711" 1.08110
1.07478 + 3 1.068119 1.06224 1.05601 1.01,981 1.0"365 1.03751 1.031110 1.02532 1.01927
1.01325 + 3
1.00726 1.00129 9.95360 + 2 9.89"5" 9.83576 9.77727 9.71906 9.661111 9.60349
9.511612 + 2 9."89011 9."3223 9.37570 9.319"11 9.263"6 9.20715 9.15231 9.097111 9.0"225
8.98762 + 2 8.93327 8.87918 8.82535 8.77180 8.71850 8.665"7 8.61270 8.56020 8.50795
8.115596 + 2 8."01123 8.35276 8.30155 8.25059 8.19988 8.1 ..9 .. 3 8.09923 8.0"928 7.99958
7.9501" + 2 7.9009" 7.85199 7.80328 7.75482 7.70661 7.65863 7.61091 7.563"2 7.51618
7."1>917 + 2 7."22100 7.37588 7.32958 7 .283S3 7.23771 7.19213 7.14677 7.10166 7.05677

8.5 .. 55 .. + 2 8."9610 8.411689 8.39792 8.3"917 8.30066 8.25237 8.20432 8.15649 8.10889
8.06151 + 2 8.011136 7.967"3 7.92073 7.87"25 7.82799 7.78195 7.7361" 7.6905" 7.64516
7.60000 + 2
7.55505 7.51032 7.46581 7.42151 7.371"3 7.33356 7.28990 7.2 .. 6.. 5 7.20321
7.16018 + 2 7.11736 7.07"75 7.03235 6.99015 6.911816 6.90638 6.86"80 6.823"2 6.78225
6.71<127 + 2 6.70050 6.65993 6.61956 6.57939 6.539111 6."99611 6."6006 6.112068 6.381"9
6.3..2.. 9 + 2 6.30369 6.26509 6.22667 6.188115 6.150"2 6.11258 6.071192 6.037"6 6.00018
5.96309 + 2 5.92619 5.889"7 5.852911 5.81659 5.780.. 3 5.7.. 4.. 5 5.70865 5.67303 5.63160
5.6023.. + 2 5.56726 5.53236
5'''976'' 5."6310 5."2873 5.39454 5.36052 5.32668 5.29301

1.12.... 1 + 0 1.11191 1.111113 1.10"99 1.09858 1.09219 1.085811 1.07952 1.07322 1.06696
1.06073 + 0 1.051152 1.011835 1.011220 1.03609 1.03000 1.023911 1.01191 1.01191 1.00594
1.00000 + 0
9.9 ..086 - 1 9.88201 9.82344 9.76515 9.707111 9.6 .. 9..2 9.59197 9.53"80 9.117791
- 9."2129 1
9.361195 9.30889 9.25309 9.19757 9.111232 9.0873" 9.03263 8.97818 8.921101
- 8.87009 1
8.816"5 8.76307 8.70995 8.65709 8.60"119 8.55215 8.50008 8.1111826 8.39669
8.311539 - 1 8.291033 8.2 .. 35.. 8.19299 8.1"270 8.09265 8.0"286 7.99332 7.9.... 02 7.89"98
7.8"618 - 1 7.79762 7.711931 7.7012" 7.653"1 7.60583 7.558"9 7.51138 7 ... 6.. 52 7."1789
- 7.37150 1
7.3253" 7.279102 1.2337" 7.18829 7.14301 7.09808 7.05332 7.00879 6.96.... 9

1.3HO + a
1.3"07
l . n....
1.3281 1.3219 1.3157 1.3095 1.3033 1.2971 1.2910
1.28119 + 0 1.2188 1.2727 1.2667 1.2607 1.25"7 1.2"87 1.2"27 1.2368 1.2309
1.2250 + 0
1.2191 1.2133 1.2075 1.2017 1.1959 1.1901 1.184" 1.1786 1.1729
1.1673 + 0 1.1616 1.1560 1.1504 1.1"118 1.1392 1.1337 1.1281 1.1226 1.1171
1.1117 + 0 1.1062 1.1008 1.09511 1.0900 1.08116 1.0793 1.07110 1.0687 1.06311
1.0581 + 0 1.0529 1.0"76 1. 0112 .. 1.0372 1.0321 1.0269 1.0218 1.0167 1.0116
1.0066 + 0 1.0015 9.96"8 - 1 9.91"1 9.86"8 9.8151 9.7656 9.7163 9.6672 9.6183
- 9.5695 1
9.5210 9."726 9 ...2.. 5 9.3765 9.3287 9.2811 9.2337 9.186" 9.139"

P Po
1.0996 + 0 1.09"5 1.0893 1.08"2 1.0791 1.07"0 1.0690 1.0639 1.0589 1.0539
1.01189 + 0 1.0439 1.0190 1.03"0 1.0291 1.02"2 1.0193 1.01"5 1.0096 1.00118
1.0000 + 0
9.9521 - 1 9.901111 9.8568 9.809" 9.7622 9.7152 9.6683 9.6216 9.5751
9.5288 - 1 9."826 9."366 9.3908 9.3"51 9.2996 9.25113 9.2092 9.16112 9.119 ..
9.07"8 - 1 9.0303 8.9860 8.91119 8.8979 8.85"1 8.8105 8.7670 8.7237 8.6806
8.6376 - 1 8.59 ..8 8.5521 8.5096 8."673 8.11252 8.3832 8.3"13 8.2996 8.2581
8.2168 - 1 8.1756 8.13"5 8.0936 8.0529 8.012" 7.9719 7.9317 7.8916 7 .8517
- 7.8119 1
7.7722 7.7328 1.69310 7.651i3 7.6153 7.576" 7.5377 7.10991 7."607

40

TABLE 1. -Continued

GEOPOTENTIAL ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

H, m Z, m

3000 3050 3100 3150 3200 3250 3300 3350 31100 31150
3500 3550 3600 3650 3700 3750 3eoo 3850 3900 3950
.. 000 .. 050 .. 100 10150 .. 200 .. 250 .. 300 .. 350 4.. 00 .... 50
.. 500 .. 550 .. 6 0 0 .. 6 5 0 10700 .. 750 .. 800 11850 11900 .. 950
5000 5050 5100 5150 5200 5250 5300 5350 5400 5,.50
5500 5550 5600 5650 5700 5750 5800 5850 5900 5950
6000 6050 6100 6150 6200 6250 6300 6350 6400 61150
6500 6550 6600 6650 6700 6750 6800 6850 6900 6950

3001 3051 3102 3152 3202 3252 3302 3352 3"02 3.. 52
3502 3552 3602 3652 3702 3152 3802 3852 3902 3952
.. 003 .. 053 .. 103 10153 .. 203 .. 253 4303 .. 353 .... 03 10 .. 53
.. 5 0 3 .. 5 5 3 10603 .. 653 10703 1075 .. 480 .. .. 8511 109010 .. 95 ..
5 0 0 .. 505,. 51010 5 1 5 .. 520" 52511 5 3 0 .. 5355 51005 5.. 55
5505 5555 5605 5655 5705 5755 5805 5855 5905 5956
6006 6056 6106 6156 6206 6256 6306 6356 6.. 06 6.. 57
6507 6557 6607 6657 6707 6751 6807 6857 6907 6958

Temperature

Pressure

Density

T, oK t.oC TM, oK P, mb P, mm Hg

.E..
Po

P, kg m- 3

P Po

268.650 260.325 268.000 267.675 267.350 267.025 266.700 266.315 266.050 265.725
265.1100 265.015 2611.750 26 ..... 25 2611.100 263.775 263 ... 50 263.125 262.800 262."75
262.150 261.825 261.500 261.115 260.850 260.525 260.200 259.875 259.550 259.225
258.900 258.575 258.250 251.925 251.600 257.275 256.950 256.625 256.300 255.975
255.650 255.325 255.000 25".675 25".350 25".025 253.100 253.375 253.050 252.725
252."00 252.075 251.750 251."25 251.100 250.775 250."50 250.125 2"9.800 2"9.1075
2119.150 2"8.825 2118.500 2"8.175 2"7.850 2"7.525 2"7.200 2"6.875 2"6.550 2"6.225
2105.900 2"5.575 2"5.250 2..... 925 2"10.600 2..... 275 2"3.950 2113.625 2"3.300 2"2.975

-11.500 -11.825 -5.150 -5.1175 -5.800 -6.125 -6."50 -6.775 -7.100 -7.1125
-1.150 -8.075 -6.1100 -6.725 -9.050 -9.375 -9.700 -10.025 -10.350 -10.675
-11.000 -11.325 -11.650 -11.975 -12.300 -12.625 -12.950 -13.275 -13.600 -13.925
-110.250 -1".575 -1".900 -15.225 -15.550 -15.875 -16.200 -16.525 -16.850 -17.175
-17.500 -17.825 -18.150 -18.1075 -18.800 -19.125 -19."50 -19.775 -20.100 -20."25
-20.750 -21.075 -21."00 -21.725 -22.050 -22.375 -22.700 -23.025 -23.350 -23.675
-2... 000 -210.325 -211.650 -210.975 -25.300 -25.625 -25.950 -26.275 -26.600 -26.925
-27.250 -27.575 -27.900 -28.225 -28.550 -28.875 -29._200 -29.525 -29.850 -30.175

268.650 268.325 268.000 267.675 267.350 261.025 266.100 266.375 266.050 265.725
265.1100 265.075 2611.750 26... 1125 26".100 263.775 263.1150 263.125 262.800 262.1075
262.150 261.825 261.500 261.175 260.850 260.525 260.200 259.875 259.550 259.225
258.900 258.575 258.250 257.925 257.600 257.275 256.950 256.625 256.300 255.975
255.650 255.325 255.000 25".675 25".350 25".025 253.100 253.375 253.050 252.725
252."00 252.075 251.750 251."25 251.100 250.775 250.450 250.125 2"9.800 2"9.'<75
2109.150 2"8.825 2"8.500 2"6.175 2"7.850 21t7.525 21t7.200 2116.875 2106.550 2"6.225
2"5.900 2"5.575 2105.250 2,.4.925 2,. ... 600 2..... 275 2103.950 2103.625 2143.300 2"2.915

1.01085 + 2 6.96639 6.92215 6.87815 6.831137 6.19081 6.7"7116 6.101136 6.66150 6.618611
6.516110 + 2 6.531119 6.119219 6.1150111 6."0685 6.36751 6.32638 6.285"1 6.2.... 77 6.201029
6.16"02 + 2 6.12396 6.08"" 6.0"10107 6.00505 5.96583 5.92681 5.88801 5.8..9.. 1 5.81102
5.77283 + 2 5.731184 5.69706 5.659"8 5.62209 5.58"91 5.5"793 5.51115 5."71057 5.43818
5.100199 + 2 5.36599 5.33019 5.29"56 5.25916 5.223910 5.18691 5.15"07 5.119"1 5.08"95
5.05068 + 2 5.01659 11.98269 ".94897 " . 9 1 5 .. 10 ".88209 10.810893 11.61595 ... 78315 10.75053
...71810 + 2 ".6858" ... 65376 ... 62186 ... 59014 ... 55859 ".52722 11."9602 ..... 6500 ..... 3.. ,5
.....03118 + 2 ... 37298 10.3426" 10.312108 ".282 ..9 ... 25267 ... 22302 10.19353 4.16421 10.13506

5.25851 + 2 5.22522 5.1920" 5.15903 5.12620 5.09353 5.06103 5.02810 ".996510 ".96115"
... 93271 + 2 ".901011 10.6695" 11.63821 ... 60703 ... 77602 ... 110518 10.7111"9 ... 68396 ... 65360
... 62339 + 2 ... 59335 ".563"6 ... 53373 ".50.. 16 ..... 7.. 711 10 ..... 5108 11."1637 ... 387112 ... 35862
".32998 + 2 ".301 .. 8 4.2731" ... 2.... 96 ... 21692 ".18903 10.16129 11.13370 10.10626 10.07897
... 05182 + 2 10.02,.82 3.99197 3.97126 3.9111170 3.91628 3.89200 3.86587 3.83988 3.811003
3.78832 + 2 3.76275 3.73732 3.71203 3.68688 3.66187 3.63700 3.61226 3.58766 3.56319
3.53886 + 2 3.511167 3.109061 3."6668 3.1010289 3.101922 3.39569 3.37230 3.3"903 3.32589
3.30288 + 2 3.28000 3.25125 3.23"63 3.21213 3.18976 3.16752 3.1 .. 5.. 1 3.123"1 3.10155

- 6.91911 1
6.87529 6.83163 6.18820 6.111500 6.70201 6.65925 6.61671 6.57"39 6.53229
6 ... 90..0 - I
6.11116711 6.110729 6.36606 6.325011 6.28112" 6.2"365 6.20328 6.16311 6.12316
- 6.083"1 I
6.011388 6.00"55 5.965"3 5.92652 5.88781 5.8"931 5.81101 5.71292 5.73503
5.6973" - 1 5.65985 5.62256 5.585107 5.5"858 5.51188 5.1t7538 5.11 3908 5.40298 5.36706
- 5.33135 1
5.29582 5.260"9 5.225310 5.19039 5.15563 5.12105 5.08667 5.0521f7 5.018"6
11.98"63 - 1 ".95099 11.91153 ".88425 ... 85116 10.81825 10.18552 ".75297 10.72060 ".688101
".656.. 0 - 1 ".62.. 56 10.59291 ".561102 4.53011 ..... 9898 ..... 6802 ..... 3123 11.100662 10.37617
11.34590 - 1 4.31519 ".28586 ".25609 11.226109 ... 19706 10.16779 10.13869 4.10976 ".08098

- 9.0912 1
9.0.... 5 8.9980 8.9516 8.9055 6.6595 8.6137 6.7661 8.7226 8.67711
- 8.6323 1
6.56111 6.51027 6.11981 8.10538 8."096 8.3656 8.3217 8.2781 8.23"6
- 8.1913 I
8.1"82 8.1052 8.06210 8.0198 7.977" 7.9351 7.8930 7.8511 7.8093
7.7677 - 1 7.7263 7.6851 7.611"0 1.6031 7.562" 7.5218 7.48111 7 ..... 11
7."011
- 1.3612 1
7.321" 1.2818 7.2,.211 7.2032 7.1641 7.1251 7.08610 7.01078 1.0093
6.9711 - 1 6.9329 6.8950 6.8572 6.8195 6.7820 6.7.... 7 6.7075 6.6705 6.6337
- 6.5970 1
6.560" 6.52"0 6.10878 6."517 6."'58 6.3800 6 . 3 ...... 6.3089 6.2736
6.238" - 1 6.203" 6.1686 6.1338 6.0993 6 . 0 6 .. 9 6.0306 5.9965 5.9625 5.9287

1.112111 - I 1.3833 7.3"53 7.30711 7.2698 1.2322 7.19118 7.1516 7.1205 7.0836
- 1.0"66 I
7.0101 6.9736 6.9312 6.9010 6.8650 6.8290 6.7933 6.7576 6.7221
- 6.6868 1
6.6516 6.6165 6.5816 6.5"68 6.5121 6."716 6.111133 6."090 6.3750
- 6.3"10 1
6.3072 6.2735 6.21100 6.2066 6.173" 6.11102 6.1012 6.0711" 6.0"17
- 6.0091 1
5.9767 5.9101010 5.9122 5.8801 5.8"82 5.816" 5.18108 5.7533 5.1219
5.6907 - 1 5.6595 5.6285 5.5977 5.5670 5.536" 5.5059 5.1t755 5..... 53
5."'52
- 5.3853 1
5.35510 5.3251 5.2962 5.2667 5.237" 5.2082 5.1791 5.1501 5.1213
5.0926 - 1 5.06"0 5.0356 5.0072 ".9790 10.9509 4.9229 ".8951 4.86710 ".8391

TABLE I. -Continued

41

GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

Z, m H,m

3eoo 3050 3100 3150 3200 3250 3300 3350 3400 3450
3500 3550 3600 3650 3700 3750 3eoo 3850 3900 3950
4000 4050 .. 100 .. 150 .. 200 .. 250 4300 4350 4400 4450
4500 4550 4600 4650 4700 4750 4800 4850 4900 .. 950
5COO 5050 5100 5150 5200 5250 5300 5350 5400 5450
5500 5550 5600 5650 5700 5750 5800 5850 5900 5950
6000 6050 6100 6150 6200 6250 6300 6350 6400 6450
6500 6550 6600 6650 6700 6750 6800 6850 6900 6950

2999 3049 3098 3148 3198 3248 3298 3348 3398 3448
3498 3548 3598 3648 3698 3748 3798 3848 3898 3948
3997 4047 4097 .. 147 .. 197 "247 4297 4347 4397 4447
4497 .. 547 .. 597 4647 4697 4746 4796 4846 4896 4946
4996 5046 5096 5146 5196 5246 5296 5346 5395 54.. 5
5495 55115 5595 5645 5695 5745 5795 5845 5895 59114
5994 60 .... 6094 61 .. 4 619 .. 62 .... 6294 634 .. 6394 6 .. 43
6"93 6543 6593 66 .. 3 6693 6743 6793 6843 6893 6942

Temperature

Pressure

Density

T,oK

t,OC TM , oK

P, mb

P, mm Hg

E..
Po

p, kg m- 3

p
Po

268.659 268.335 268.010 267.685 267.360 267.036 266.711 266.386 266.062 265.737
265.413 265.088 264.763 264.439 264.114 263.789 263.465 263.140 262.816 262.491
262.166 261.842 261.517 261.193 260.868 260.5"3 260.219 259.89" 259.570 259.2"5
258.921 258.596 256.272 257.9"7 257.623 257.298 256.974 256.649 256.325 256.000
255.676 255.351 255.027 254.702 25".378 254.053 253.729 253.40" 253.080 252.755
252.431 252.106 251.782 251."58 251.133 250.809 250.484 250.160 2119.836 2119.511
249.187 2"8.862 248.538 2118.214 2"7.889 2"1.565 2117.2 .. 1 2116.916 2116.592 2"6.267
2"5.943 2115.619 2115.2911 2 ..... 970 2114.6116 2"4.322 243.997 2 ..3.673 2"3.3119 2"3.0211

-4.491 -4.815 -5.140 -5.465 -5.790 -6.114 -6.439 -6.764 -7.088 -7.413
-7.737 -8.062 -8.387 -8.711 -9.036 -9.361 -9.685 -10.010 -10.334 -10.659
-10.964 -11.308 -11.633 -11.957 -12.282 -12.607 -12.931 -13.256 -13.580 -13.905
-1".229 -14.55" -1".878 -15.203 -15.527 -15.852 -16.176 -16.501 -16.825 -17.150
-17 .474 -17.799 -18.123 -18.448 -18.772 -19.097 -19.421 -19.746 -20.070 -20.395
-20.719 -21.01111 -21.368 -21.692 -22.017 -22.3111 -22.666 -22.990 -23.3111 -23.639
-23.963 -24.288 -2".612 -24.936 -25.261 -25.585 -25.909 -26.23" -26.558 -26.882
-27.207 -21.531 -21.855 -28.180 -28.50" -28.828 -29.153 -29.1j77 -29.801 -30.126

268.659 268.335 268.010 267.685 267.360 267.036 266.711 266.386 266.062 265.737
265.413 265.088 264.7B 264.439 264.114 263.789 263.465 263.140 262.816 262.491
262.166 261.8"2 261.517 261.193 260.868 260.543 260.219 259.894 259.570 259.245
256.921 258.596 258.272 257.9"7 257.623 257.298 256.97" 256.649 256.325 256.000
255.676 255.351 255.027 254.702 25".378 254.053 253.729 253.404 253.080 252.755
252.431 252.106 251.782 251.458 251.133 250.809 250.1184 250.160 2119.836 249.511
2"9.187 2"8.862 2"8.538 248.214 2117.889 2117.565 2117.241 246.916 2"6.592 2"6.261
2"5.943 245,619 2"5.29" 2..... 970 24".6"6 2..... 322 243.997 243.673 2"3.3119 243.0211

7.01211 + 2 6.96768 6.92349 6.87952 6.83577 6.79226 6.74897 6.70590 6.66305 6.62043

6.57803 + 2 6.53586 6.49390 6.45216 6.41064 6.36933 6.32824 6.28737 6.24671 6.20627

6.16604 6.12602

•

2

6.08621

6.04662

6.00723

5.96805

5.92908

5.89031

5.85175

5.813"0

5.77525 5.73731

•

2

5.69957

5.66202

5.62468

5.58755

5.55061

5.51386

5.47732

5.4"097

5.40"82 5.36887

•

2

5.33311

5.29754

5.26217

5.22698

5.19199

5.15719

5.12258

5.08816

5.05393 5.01988 • 2 11.98602 11.95235 11.91886 11.88555 4.85243 11.81949 11.78673
11.75"16

11.72176 4.68954 • 2 11.65750 11.62564 11.59396 11.56246 ... 53112 11.119997
11."6899 4.43818

4.40754 4.37708 • 2 ... 34619
4.31667
4.28671 ... 25693 4.22732 ... 19787 4.16859 4.13947

5.25952 + 2 5.22619 5.19304 5.16006 5.12725 5.09461 5.06214 5.02984 4.99770 4.96573

4.93393 4.90229

•

2

4.87082

4.83952

4.80837

4.77739

4.74657

4.71592

4.68542

4.65509

4.62491 + 2 4.59489 4.56504 4.53533 4.50579
".47640 ....... 717
4.41810 4.38918 4.36041

".33160 ... 30333

•

2

".27503

".24687

".21886

".19100

4.16330

4.13574

4.10833

".08107

4.05395 4.02698 • 2 4.00016
3.973"8 3.94695 3.92056 3.89432 3.86821 3.84225 3.816"3

3.79076 3.76522 • 2 3.73982
3.71"56 3.689"5 3.664"6 3.63962
3.61"91 3.5903" 3.56591

3.511161 + 2 3.51745 3.119342
3."6952 3."4576 3.42212 3.39862 3.37525 3.35202 3.32891

3.30593 3.28308

•

2

3.26036

3.23777

3.21530

3.19296

3.17075

3.14866

3.12670

3.10486

6.92042 - 1 6.87657 6.83295 6.78956 6.74638 6.70344 6.66071 6.61821 6.57592 6.53386

- 6.49201 1

6.45039

6.40898

6.36778

6.32681

6.28604

6.24549

6.20515

I

6.16503

6.12511

6.08541 - 1
6.04591 6.00663 5.96755 5.92867 5.89001 5.85154
5.81329 5.77523
5.73738

5.69973 - 1 5.66228 5.62503 5.58798 5.55113 5.51448 5.47802 5.44176 5.40570 5.36982

- 9.0925 1
9.0459 8.9994 8.9531 8.9069 8.8610 8.8152 8.7697 8.7243 8.6791
- 8.6340 1
8.5892 8.5445 8.5000 8.4557 8.4115 8.3676 8.3238 8.2602 8.2367
8.1935 - 1
8.1504 8.1075 6.061i7 8.0222 7.9798 7.9376 7.8955 7.8536 7.8119
- 7.7704 1
7.7290 7.6878 7.6468 7.6059 7.5652 7.5247 7.4844 7 .....42 7.4041

5.33415 - 1 5.29866 5.26337 5.22827 5.19335 5.15863 5.12410 5.08975 5.05560 5.02162
- 4.98784 I
4.95424 4.92082 4.88759 11.851153 11.82166 4.78898 4.75647 4.72414 4.69199
4.66001 - 1 11.62822 4.59660 4.56516 4.53389 4.50279 4.47187 11 ..... 112 4.41055 4.380111
4.34991 - I 4.3198" ".28995 ".26022 4.23066 4.20126 4.17204 4.14297 4.111108 4.08534

7.3643 - 1 7.3246 7.2851 7.2457 7.2065 7.1675 7.1286 7.0899 7.0513 7.0129
- 6.9747 1
6.9366 6.8987 6.8610 6.8234 6.7859 6.7486 6.7115 6.6746 6.6378
6.6011 - 1
6.5646 6.5283 6.4921 6.4561 6.4202 6.3845 6.3489 6.3135 6.2782
- 6.2431 1
6.2081 6.1733 6.1387 6.1041 6.0698 6.0356 6.0015 5.9676 5.9338

7.4225 - 1 7.3844 7.3464 7.3086 7.2710 7.2335 7.1961 7.1589 7.1219 7.0849
7.0482 - 1 7.0116 6.9751 6.9388 6.9026 6.8666 6.8307 6.7949 6.7593 6.7239
6.6885 - 1
6.6534 6.6183 6.5835 6.5487 6.5141 6.4796 6.4"53 6.4111 6.3771
- 6.3"32 1
6.3094 6.2758 6.2"23 6.2089 6.1757 6.1426 6.1097 6.0769 6.04"2
- 6.0117 1
5.9793 5.9470 5.9149 5.8829 5.8510 5.8192 5.7876 5.7562 5.7248
5.6936 - 1 5.6625 5.6316 5.6008 5.5701 5.5395 5.5091 5.1j788 5.4486 5.4186
- 5.3887 I
5.3589 5.3292 5.2997 5.2703 5.2410 5.2118 5.1828 5.1539 5.1251
- 5.0964 1
5.0679 5.0394 5.0111 4.9830 ... 9549 4.9270 11.8992 4.8715 4.8439

42

TABLE I. -Continued

GEOPOTENTIAL ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS·

Altitude

H, m Z, m

7000 7050 7100 7150 7200 7250 7300 7350 71100 7 .. 50
7500 7550 7600 7650 7700 7750 7800 7850 7900 7950
8000 8050 8100 8150 8200 8250 8300 8350
8~00
81150
8500 8550 8600 8650 8700 8750 8800 8e50 8900 8950
9000 9050 9100 9150 9200 9250 9300 9350 9.. 00 9.. 50
9500 9550 9600 9650 9700 9750 9800 9850 9900 9950
10000 10050 10100 10150 10200 10250 10300 10350 10 .. 00 101050
10500 10550 10600 10650 10700 10750 10800 10850 10900 10950

7008 7058 7108 7158 7208 7258 7308 1359 n09 71159
7509 7559 1609 7659 7709 7759 7810 7860 7910 7960
8010 8060 8110 8160 8211 8261 8311 8361 81111 81161
8511 8562 8612 8662 8112 8762 8812 8862 6912 8963
9013 9063 9113 9163 9213 9263 93111 93611 9111 .. 9 .. 6..
95 III 956 .. 9615 9665 9715 9765 9B15 9865 9915 9966
10016 10066 10116 10166 10216 10267 10311 10367 10 .. 17 10 .. 67
10517 10568 10618 10668 10718 H1766 lOB 18 10869 10919 10969

Temperature

Pressure

Density

T,oK

t,OC TM , oK

P, mb

P, mm Hg

.E..
Po

p. kg m- 3

P Po

2~2.650
2~2. 325 2112.000 2~ 1.675
2~1.350
2111.025
2~0.700
2110.375 2"0.050 239.725
239 • .,00 239.075 238.750 238.1125 238.100 237.775 237."50 237.125 236.800 236."75
236.150 235.825 235.500 235.175 2311.850 23".525 2311.200 233.875 233.550 233.225
232.900 232.575 232.250 231.925 231.600 231.275 230.950 230.625 230.300 229.975
229.650
229.32~
229.000 228.675 228.350 228.025 227.700 227 •.315 227.050 226.725
226."00 226.075 225.750 225."25 225.100 22".775 22..... 50 22".125 223.800 223."75
223.150 222.825 222.500 222.175 221.850 221.525 221.200 220.875 220.550 220.225
219.900 219.575 219.250 218.925 218.600 218.275 217.950 217.625 211.300 216.975

-30.500 -30.825 -31.150
-31.~75
-31.800 -32.125
-32.~50
-32.775 -33.100 -33.1125
-33.750 -311.075 -3".1100 -3~. 725 -35.050 -35.315 -35.700 -36.025 -36.350 -36.675
-37.000 -37.325 -37.650 -37.915 -38.300 -38.625 -38.950 -39.275 -39.600 -39.925
-110.250 - .. 0.575 -110.900 - .. 1.225 - .. 1. 550 -111.875 -"2.200 -"2.525 -112.850 -113.175
-"3.500 -1i3.825 - ..... 150 - ..... 1675 - ..... 800 -115.125 -"5.450 -45.775 -46.100 -116."25
- ..6.750 -107.075 -47.400 -117.725 -"8.050 -"8.375 - .. 8.100 -49.025 -109.350 -"9.675
-50.000 -50.325 -50.650 -50.975 -51.300 -51.625 -51.950 -52.275 -52.600 -52.925
-53.250 -53.575 -53.900
-5~.225
-5".550 -5".875 -55.200 -55.525 -55.850 -56.115

2~2.650
2~2. 325 2112.000
2~1.615
2111.350 2111.025
2~0.700
2110.375 2"0.050 239.725
239.~00
239.075 238.750
238.~25
238.100 237.775 237."50 237.125 236.800 236."75
236.150 235.825 235.500 235.115 23... 850 23".525 23".200 233.875 233.550 233.225
232.900 232.575 232.250 231.925 231.600 231.275 230.950 230.625 230.300 229.975
229.650 229.325 229.000 228.675 228.350 228.025 227.700 227.375 227.050 226.725
226.1100 226.015 225.750 225.425 225.100 22... 775 22 ..... 50
~1I.125
2 3.BOO 223."75
223.150 222.825 222.500 222.175 221.650 221.525 221.200 220.875 220.550 220.225
219.900 219.575 219.250 218.925 218.600 218.275 217.950 217.625 217.300 216.975

~.10607 + 2
~.07725
11.011859 11.02009 3.99176 3.96359 3.93558 3.90773 3.8800" 3.85251
3.825111 + 2 3.79792 3.77087 3.711396 3.71722 3.69063 3.66"19 3.63791 3.61178 3.58580
3.55998 + 2 3.53"30 3.50878 3 . . . 8 3 .. 0 3."5817 3.113309 3.110816 3.38338 3.358711 3.331125
3.30990 + 2 3.28570 3.261611 3.23772 3.213911 3.19031 3.16682 3.1 .. 3..6 3.12025 3.09718
3.0H24 + 2 5.051 .... 3.02878 3.00626 2.98387 2.96162 2.93950 2.91751 2.89566 2.873910
2.85236 + 2 2.B3090 2.80958 2.78838 2.76732 2.7"638 2.72558 2.701190 2.68"35 2.66392
2.6"362 + 2 2.623105 2.603"0 2.583116 2.56367 2.511"00 2.52 ...... 2.50501 2."8570 2."6650
2 .....7113 + 2
2.~28"8
2."0965 2.39093 2.372311. 2.35386 2.33550 2.31125 2.29912 2.28110

3.07981 + 2 3.05819 3.03669 3.01532 2.991107 2.972911 2.95193
2.9310~
2.91027 2.88962
2.86909 + 2 2.811868 2.82838 2.80820 2.1881" 2.76820 2.711837 2.72866 2.70906 2.68957
2.67020 + 2 2.6509" 2.63180 2.61276 2.5938" 2.57503 2.55633 2.5377" 2.51926 2.50089
2."8263 + 2 2.11611"7 2.11116"3 2 ... 28.. 9 2."1066 2.39293 2.37531 2.35779 2.3"038 2.32307
2.30587 + 2 2.28B77 2.27177 2.25488 2.23809 2.221110 2.20"81 2.18832 2.17193 2.155611
2.13911" + 2 2.12335· 2.10736 2.091116 2.07566 2.05996
2.0"~35
2.028810 2.013"3 1.99811
1.9826B + 2 1.96115 1.95271 1.93777 1.92291 1.90815 1.893"9 1.87891 1.8611.. 2 1.85003
1.83573 + 2 1.82151 1.80738 1.79335 1.779110 1.7655" 1.15177 1.13808 1.724"8 1.71097

~.05238 - 1 11.02393 3.99565
3.96752 3.93956 3.91176 3.8811 11 3.85663 3.82930
3.80213

- 3.77512 I
3.74826 3.72156 3.69501 3.66861
3.6~231
3.61628
3.5903" 3.56"55 3.53891

- 3.513~2

I

3.11880B

3."6289

3.~3785

3."1295

3.38820

3.36360

3.33913

3.311182

~.29065

3.26662 - I
3.2"273 3.21898 3.19538 3.17191 3.1"859
3.125"0 3.10236 3.079115
3.05668

3.03.. 011 - 1
3.0115" 2.98918 2.96695 2.9 .... 85
2.92289 2.90106 2.87936 2.85780 2.83636

2.81506 - 1
2.79388
2.7728" 2.75192 2.73113 2.710H 2 . 6 8 9 9 .. 2.66953
2.6"92" 2.62909

2.60905 - I 2.589111
2.56936 2.5"969 2.53015
2.51073 2... 91 ..3
2.47225
2."5319 2 ... 3.. 25

- 2.1115~3 1
2.39672 2.3781" 2.35967 20311131 2.32308
2.30"96 2.28695 2.26905 2.25127

- 5.8950 1
5.8615 5.8281 5.79119 5.7618 5.7288 5.6960 5.663" 5.6308 5.5985
- 5.5662 1
5.53111 5.5022 5.HOII 5."387 5. ~072 5.3758 5.3.... 6 5.3135 5.2825
- 5.2517 1
5.2210 5.190" 5.1600 5.1297 5.0996 5.0696 5.0391 5.0100 ".98011
".9509 - 1
".9216
~.892"
".8633 11.83"3 11.8055 ".7769
~.7"83
1i.7199 11.6916
- ".6635 1
".6355 11.6076 ".5198 4.5522 ".52 .. 6 ..... 913
".~100
11 ..... 29 4."159
- 4.3890 I
".3623 ".3356 4.3091 ".2827 ".2565 4.230" ... 20.... ".1785 4.1527
- ".1271 1
".1015 10.0761 ".0509 ".0257 ".0007 3.9757 3.9509 3.9263 3.9017
- 3.8772 1
3.8529 3.8287
3.80"6 3.7806 3.7568 3.7330
3.709~
3.6859 3.6625

~.8122 - 1
~.78119 ~.7576
~. 7305
~.7035 ~.6766
11.61198
~.6231
11.5966 11.5702
11.51139 - I 11.5177 11.11916
~.~656
..... 398 ..... 1~0
~.388~ ~.3629
~.H75
".3122
".2871 - I
".2620 ".2371 11.2123
~.1875
".1629 ".138" ".11 ..0 ".0898 11.0656
".0.. 15 - 1 11.0176 3.9938 3.9700 3.9 .. 6.. 3.9229 3.8995 3.6162 3.8530 3.8299
3.8069 - 1
3.78"0 3.7613 3.7386 3.1160 3.6936 3.6712 3.6"90 3.6268 3.60"8
3.5829 - 1 3.5610 3.5393 3.5117 3.11961 3.4741 3."53" 3."321 3.10110 3.3900
- 3.3690 1
3.31182 3.3275 3.3068 3.2663 3.2658 3.2"55 3.2253 3.2051 3.1851
3.1651 - 1 3.1"52 3.1255 3.1058 3.0862 3.0668 3.047.. 3.0281 3.0089 2.9898

TABLE 1. -Continued

43

GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

Temperature

Pressure

Density

Z, m H,m T,oK

t,OC TM , oK

P, mb

P, mm Hg

E..
Po

p, kg m- 3

P Po

7000 7050 7100 7150 7200 7250 7300 7350 7 .. 00 7 .. 50
1500 7550 1600 7650 7700 1750 7800 1850 7900 7950
8000 8050 8100 8150 8200 8250 8300 8350 81100 81150
8500 8550 8600 8650 8700 8750 8800 8850 8900 8950
9000 9050 9100 9150 9200 9250 9300 9350 91100 91150
9500 9550 9600 9650 9700 9750 9800 9850 9900 9950
10000 10050 10100 10150 10200 10250 10300 10350 101100 101150
10500 10550 10600 10650 10700 10750 10800 10850 10900 10950

6992 70.. 2 7092 7142 7192 72112 7292 1342 7391 111111
71191 75 .. 1 7591 76.. 1 7691 1741 7790 78 .. 0 7890 79110
7990 80110 8090
81 .. 0
8189 8239 8289 8339 8389 81139
8 .. 8 9 8539 8588 8638 8688 8738 8788 8838 8888 8937
8981 9037 9087 9131 9187 9237 9286 9336 9386 91136
91186 9536 9586 9635 9685 9135 9185 9835 9885 9 9 3 ..
998 .. 1 0 0 3 .. 1008 .. 1013.. 10184 10233 10283 10333 103B3 101133
10 .. 8 3 10533 10582 10632 10682 10732 10182 10832 10881 10931

2"2.700 2"2.376 2"2.051 2"1.727 241.403 2"1.079 2"0.154 2"0.1130 2"0.106 239.782
239."57 239.133 238.809 238.485 238.161 231.836 237.512 237.188 236.8611 236.5110
236.215 235.891 235.567 235.2113 234.919 234.595 2311.210 233.9116 233.622 233.298
232.9711 232.650 232.326 232.001 231.677 231.353 231.029 230.705 230.381 230.057
229.733 229.1109 229.085 228.760 228.436 228.112 221.788 227 ...6_ 221.1"0 226.816
226."92 226.168 225.8 .... 225.520 225.196 22".872 2211.548 224.22" 223.900 223.516
223.252 222.92B 222.6011 222.280 221.956 221.632 221.308 220.98" 220.660 220.336
220.013 219.689 219.365 219.0"1 218.711 218.393 218.069 211.7115 217.421 217.097

-30."50 -30.77" -31.099 -31."23 -31.747 -32.071 -32.396 -32.720 -33.01111 -33.368
-:33.693 -34.011 -34.341 -34.665 -3".989 -35.314 -35.638 -35.962 -36.286 -36.610
-36.935 -37.259 -31.583 -31.907 -38.231 -38.555 -38.880 -39.204 -39.528 -39.852
-110.116 -110.500 -110.8211 -111.149 -"1.1173 -"1.791 -"2.121 -112.1145 -"2.769 -113.093
-"3.1117 -"3.7"1 -4... 065 - ..... 390 - ..... 714 -115.038 -"5.362 -"5.686 -116.010 -116.33"
-"6.658 -46.982 -111.306 -47.630 -_1.95" -"8.278 -"8.602 -"B.926 -"9.250 -49.5711
-119.898 -50.222 -50.5"6 -50.810 -51.1911 -51.518 -51.8"2 -52.166 -52.1190 -52.8111
-53.137 -53.461 -53.785 -54.109 -511.433 -5".751 -55.081 -55.1105 -55.729 -56.053

2"2.700 2"2.376 2"2.051 2"1.727 2.. 1...03 2"1.079 2"0.754 2110."30 2110.106 239.782
239."57 239.133 238.809 238."85 238.161 231.836 237.512 237.188 236.8611 236.5110
236.215 235.891 235.567 235.2"3 23".919 2311.595 2311.270 233.9"6 233.622 233.298
232.974 232.650 232.326 232.001 231.671 231.353 231.029 230.105 230.381 230.057
229.733 229.1109 229.085 228.760 228.436 228.112 227.788 227.11611 227.1"0 226.816
226.492 226.168 225.8411 225.520 225.196 2211.872 2211.5 .. 8 2211.224 223.900 223.516
223.252 222.928 222.604 222.280 221.956 221.632 221.308 220.98" 220.660 220.336
220.013 219.689 219.365 219.0111 218.717 218.393 218.069 211.7115 217 ."21 211.097

4.11052 + 2 ".0817" 4.05312 4.02"66 3.99636 3.96823 3.911026 3.912"5 3.881179 3.85730
3.82996 + 2 3.80279 3.17577 3.74890 3.72219 3.6956" 3.6692" 3.64299 3.61689 3.59095
3.56516 + 2 3.53952 3.511103 3.48868 3.1163"9 3.1138115 3.111355 3;38880 3.361119 3.33973
3.31541 + 2 3.291211 3.26721 3.2"333 3.21958 3.19598 3.17252 3.1"920 3.12602 3.10297
3.08007 + 2 3-.05130 3.031167 3.01217 2.98981 2.96159 2.94550 2.9B511 2.90172 2.88002
2.85B46 + 2 2.8310" 2.81514 2.191157 2.71353 2.15262 2.131811 2.71119 2 .69066 2.61026
2.64999 + 2 2.629B4 2.60981 2.58991 2.57013 2.550118 2.5309" 2.51153 2.4922" 2."1307
2."51102 + 2 2.113509 2.41628 2.39759 2.37901 2.36055 2.34221 2.32398 2.30587 2.28188

3.08315 + 2 3.06156 3.011009 3.01874 2.99752 2.976112 2.955 .... 2.931158 2.91384 2.89321
2.81271 + 2 2.85232 2.83206 2.81191 2.79187 2.77196 2.15215 2.132117 2.71289 2.693113
2.611109 + 2 2.651186 2.635111 2.61673 2.59783 2.57905 2.56037 2.54181 2.52335 2.50500
2.118671 + 2 2.116864 2.45061 2.113270 2.41"89 2.3971 8 2.31959 2.36209 2.34410 2.327112
2.3102" + 2 2.29316 2.27619 2.25931 2.21125" 2.22587 2.20930 2.19283 2.17647 2.16020
2.14402 + 2 2.12795 2.11198 2.09610 2.08032 2.064611 2.011905 2.03356 2.01816 2.00286
1.98765 + 2 1.97254 1.95752 1.9"259 1.92176 1.91302 1.89836 1.88381 1.869311 1.851196
1.8"067 + 2 1.826117 1.81236 1.798311 1.784"1 1.77056 1.75680 1.710313 1.72955 1.71605

- 4.05677 I
".02836 11.00012 3.97203 3.9"411 3.9163" 3.88873 3.86128 3.83399 3.80686
3.71988 - I 3.15306 3.72639 3.69988 3.67352 3.6"731 3.62125 3.59535 3.56960 3.511399
3.518511 - I
3.119323 3.116801 3.411306 3.111820 3.39348 3.36891 3.311448 3.32020 3.29606
- 3.27206 I
3.24820 3.22449 3.20092 3.177"8 3.151119 3.13103 3. 10802 3.08514 _3.06239
- 3.03979 I
3.01732 2.99498 2.97278 2.95011 2.92878 2.90698 2.88531 2.86317 2.84236
- 2.82109 I
2.79994 2.77892 2.75803 2.73126 2.71663 2.69612 2.61573 2.655118 2.635311
- 2.61533 I
2.59545 2.57568 2.55604 2.53652 2.51713 2."9185 2.111869 2.115965 2."4073
2."2193 - 1 2."0325 2.38468 2.3662" 2.311790 2.32968 2.31158 2.29359 2.27512 2.25796

- 5.9002 I
5.8667 5.8334 5.8002 5.7671 5.7342 5.7015 5.6689 5.6364 5.6041
- 5.5719 I
5.5399 5.5080 5.4762 5."11116 5."131 5.3818 5.3506 5.3196 5.2886
5.2579 - I
5.2272 5.1967 5.1663 5.1361 5.1060 5.0761 5.01162 5.0165 11.9810
- 11.9516 1
4.9283 4.8991 4.8701 4.8412 4.8125 4.7838 4.7553 4.7270 11.6987
4.6106 - I
4.6427 11.61118 ... 5871 4.5595 4.5320 4.50117 ".4715 4.450" 4.42311
4.3966 - I
4.3699 11.3433 4.3169 4.2905 4.26"3 4.2382 11.2123 11.18611 4.1607
- 4.135 I I
".1096 4.0843 4.0590 4.0339 11.0089 3.9840 3.9593 3.9346 3.9101
3.8857 - I
3.8614 3.8312 3.8132 3.7892 3.76511 3.7417 3.7181 3.6946 3.6713

- 4.8165 I
4.7891 4.7619 " . 7 3 .. 8 11.7079 11.6810 ".65113 4.6217 4.6012 11.5748
4.5485 - I ".5224 4."963 ..... 704 ..... 1146 4."189 11.3933 11.3678 ".31125 11.3113
".2921 - 1 11.2611 4.21122 4.21111 11.1927 4.1682 11.1437 4.1194 11.0951 11.0110
11.0410 - I 11.0231 3.9993 3.9756 3.9520 3.9285 3.9052 3.8819 3.8588 3.8357
- 3.8128 I
3.7899 3.7672 3.74116 3.7220 3.6996 3.6173 3.6551 3.6330 3.6110
3.5891 - I
3.5673 3.5456 3.52110 3.5025 3."811 3.4598 3.11386 3.11 175 3.3965
3.3756 - 1 3.35_8 3.B41 3.3135 3.2930 3.2726 3.2523 3.2321 3.2119 3.1919
3.1720 - I 3.1522 3.132" 3.1128 3.0933 3.0738 3.0545 3.0352 3.0160 2.9970

44

TABLE I. -Continued

GEOPOTENTIAL ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude
H, rn Z, m

11000 11100 11200 11300 11400 11500 11600 11700 11800 11900
12000 12100 12200 12300 12400 12500 12600 12100 12800 12900
13000 13100 13200 13300 13 ..00 13500 13600 13700 13800 13900
1"000 14100 14200 1.. 300 1.. 400 14500 14600 14100 14800 14900
15000 15100 15200 15300 15"00 15500 15600 15700 15eoo 15900
16000 16100 16200 16300 16400 16500 16600 16700 16800 16900
11000 17100 17200 17300 17400 11500 17600 17100 11800 17900
18000 18100 18200 18300
18~00
18500 18600 18700 18800 18900

11019 11119 11220 11320 11 .. 20 11521 11621 11722 11822 11922
12023 12123 12223 12324 12 .. 2 .. 12525 12625 12725 12826 12926
13021 13127 13227 lH28 13428 13529 13629 13730 13830 13930
14031 14131 1.. 232 1.. 332 141133 1.. 533 14634 14734 14835 14935
15035 15136 15236 15331 15437 15538 15638 15739 15839 15940
16040 161 .. 1 162 .. 1 163112 16442 16543 1661<3 16744 16845 169"5
17046 171116 172 .. 1 113107 17448 175.. 8 176119 17749 11850 11951
18051 18152 18252 18353. 18453 1 8 5 5 .. 18655 18755 18856 18956

Temperature

Pressure

Density

T,oK
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650

t,OC TM, oK P, mb P, mm Hg

.E...
Po

P, kg m- 3

-56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500
-56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500
-56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500
-56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500
-56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500
-56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500
-56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500
-56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500

216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650

2.26320 + 2 2.22779 2.19294 2.15863 2.12486 2.09161 2.05889 2.02668 1.99"97 1.96376
1.93304 + 2 1.90279 1.87302 1.84372 1.81"88 1.78648 1.75853 1.73102 1.70394 1.67728
1.6510" + 2 1.62521 1.59918 1.511075 1.55011 1.52586 1.50199 1.41849 1.45536 1.43259
1.41018 + 2 1.38811 1.366"0 1.34502 1.32398 1.30326 1.28287 1.26280 1.24305 1.22360
1.20445 + 2 1.18561 1.16706 1.14880 1.13083 1.11314 1.09572 1.07858 1.06110 1.04509
1.02874 + 2 1.01265 9.96805 + 1 9.81210 9.65859 9.50748 9.35873 9.21231 9.06818 8.92631
• 8.78666 1
8.64919 8.51387 8.38061 8.2"955
8.120~9
7.99311" 7.86838 7.14528 1.62"10
1.50482 + 1 1.38141 7.27183 7.15806 7.0"607 6.9l583 6.82732 6.12051 6.61536 6.51187

1.6975" + 2 1.67098 1.6448" 1.61911 1.59377 1.56884 1.5"430 1.52013 1.49635 1.47294
1.44990 + 2 1.42721 1.40488 1.38290 1.36127 1.33997 1.31901 1.29837 1.27806 1.25806
1.23838 + 2 1.21900 1.19993 1.18116 1.16268 1.144"9 1.12658 1.10896 1.09161 1.01453
1.05772 + 2 1.04111 1.02"88 1.00885 9.93064 + 1 9.11521 9.62234 9.107179 9.32361 9.11774
9.03"15 + 1 8.89281 8.75368 8.61672 8.48191
8.3~921
8.21859 8.09001 7.963"4 7.83885
1.71621 + I 1.5951<9 1.41665 7.35968 7.2""54 7.13119 1.01963 6.90980 6.80110 6.69528
6.59053 + 1 6."8742 6.38593 6.28602 6.18767 6.09087 5.99557 5.90177 5.809"4 5.11855
5.62908 + 1 5.511101 5.45432 5.36899 5.28499 5.20230 5.12091
5.0~080
... 96193 11.881130

- 2.23361 1
2.19866 2.16426 2.13040 2.09101 2.06"26 2.03197 2.00018 1.96888 1.93808
- 1.90776 1
1.87791 1.84853 I.B1961 1.79114 1.76312 1.73554 1.70838 1.68165 1.65534
1.62945 - 1
1.60395 1.57886 1.55"16 1.52984 1.50591 1.48235 1.115916 1.43633 1."1386
1.39114 - 1
1.36996 1.34853 1.327113 1.30666 1.28622 1.26610 1.24629 1.22679 1.20160
- 1.18810 1
1.11011 1.15180 1.13378 1.1160" 1.09858 1.08139 1.0641f7 1.04182 1.03143
1.01529 - 1 9.99"06 - 2 9.83770 9.68319 9.53229 9.38315 9.23635 9.09185 8.94960 8.80958
8.61116 - 2 8.53609
8.1I025~
8.27108 8.111168 8.011130 7.BB891 7.76549 7.611400 1.521140
1.~0668 - 2 1.29080 7.1767 ..
7.064~6
6.95393
6.8~514
6.73804 6.63263 6.52886 6.42671

3.6392 - 1
3.5822 3.5262 3.4710 3.4167 3.3633 3.3106 3.2589 3.2079 3.1577
- 3.1083 1
3.0596 3.011 8 2.96"7 2.9183 2.8726 2.8277 2.783" 2.7399 2.6970
- 2.65"8 1
2.6133 2.5124 2.5322 2.4925
2."535 2."152 2.3114 2.3402 2.3036
- 2.2615 1
2.2321 2.1911 2.1628 2.1289 2.0956 2.0628 2.0306 1.9988 1.9615
- 1.9361 1
1.906" 1.8766 1.8472 1.8183 1.7899 1.1619 1.7343 1.7012 1.6805
- 1.65"2 1
1.6283 1.6028 1.5718 1.5531 1.5288 1.5049 1...813 1.4581 1.4353
- 1.4129 1
1.3908 1.3690 1.3416 1.3265 1.3058 1.2853 1.2652 1.245" 1.2259
1.2068 - 1
1.1879 1.1693 1.1510 1.1330 1.1153 1.0978 1.0806 1.0637 1.0471

P Po

2.9708 - 1
2.92"3 2.8785 2.8335 2.1892 2.1455 2.7026 2.6603
2.6187 2.5777

2.5374 - 1
2.4977 2.4586 2.4201 2.3823 2.3450 2.3083 2.2722 2.2366 2.2017
- 2.1612 1
2.1333 2.0999 2.0671 2.0347 2.0029 1.9116 1.9"01 1.9104 1.8805

- 1.8510 1
1.8221 1.1936 1.1655 1.1319 1.1107 1.6839 1.6576 1.6317 1.6061
- 1.5810 1
1.5563 1.5319 1.5080
1.48"~
1.1<611 1.1<383
1."158 1.3936 1.3718

1.3504 - 1
1.3292 1.30811
1.2880 1.2618
1.2"80 1.2285 1.2092 1.1903
1.1111

- 1.153~

1

1.1353

1.1116

1.1001

1.0829

1.0659

1.0492

1.0328

1.0167

1.000B

9.8511 - 2 9.6910
9.5"52 9.3959 9.2489 9.10112 8.9618 8.8216 8.6B35
8.5~71

TABLE I. -Continued

45

GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

Temperature

Pressure

Density

Z, m H, m

11000 11100 11200 11300 11400 11500 11600 11700 11800 11900
12000 12100 12200 12300 12400 12500 12600 12700 12EOO 12900
13000 13100 13200 13300 13400 13500 13600 13700 13eoo 13900
111000 111100 111200 111300 14400 14500 14600 14700 14800
1~900
15000 15100 15200 15300 15400 15500 15600 15700 15eoo 15900
16000 16100 16200 16300 16400 16500 16600 16700 16800 16900
17000 17100 17200 17300 17400 17500 17600 17700 11800 17900
18COO 18100 18200 18300 18400 18500 18600 18700 18800 18900

10981 11081 11180 11280 11380 11479 11579 11679 11778 11878
11977 12077 12177 12276 12376 121175 12575 12675 1277 ..
1287~
12973 13073 13173 13272 13372 13471 13571 13671 13770 13870
13969 111069 14168 14268 14367 14467
1~567
14666 111766 111865
111965 15064 15164 15263 15363 15462 15562 15661 15761 15860
15960 16059 16159 16258 16358 161157 16557 16656 16756 16855
16955 170511 17154 17253 17352 17452 17551 17651 17750 17850
17949 180 .. 9 18148 18247 18347 184116 185116 186115 18745 18844

T,oK
216.77~
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650

t,OC
-56.376 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500
-56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500
-56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 - 56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500
-56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500
-56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500
-56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500
-56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500
-56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500

TM, oK P, mb

--- f------

216.77~
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650

2.26999 + 2 2.231160 2.19976
2.165~7
2.13171 2.09848 2.06576 2.03356 2.00186 1.97066

216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650

1.93994 + 2 1.90970
1.8799" 1.850611 1.82180 1.793"1 1.765116 1.73795 1.71086 1.68420

216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650

1.65796 + 2 1.63213 1.60670 1.58166 1.55702 1.53276 1.50888 1.48538 1.46224 1.439116

216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.650

1.4170" + 2 1.391196
1.37323 1.35184 1.33079 1.31006 1.28966 1.26957 1.211980 1.230311

216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650

1.21118 + 2 1.19232 1.17375 1.15548 1.1371<9 1.11978
1.10234 1.08518 1.06828 1.05165

216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650

1.03528 + 2 1.01916 1.00330 9.87682 + 1 9.72309 9.57175 9.112276 9.27611 9.13174 8.98962

216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650

8.84971 + 1 8.71199 8.576112 8.1111296 8.31158 8.18225 8.051193 7.92961 7.80623 7.681178

216.650
216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650

7.56522 + 1
7.114752 7.33166 7.21761 7.10533 6.99481 6.88600 6.77889 6.673115 6.56966

P, mm Hg
1.70263 + 2 1.67609 1.611996 1.62423 1.59891 1.57399 1.54945 1.52530 1.50152 1."7812
I. "5508 + 2 1... 32 .. 0 1.41007 1.38809 1.366116 1.311517 1.32420 1.30357 1.28325 1.26326
1.24357 + 2 1.22420 1.20512 1.186311 1.16786
1.1~967
1.13176 1.11412 1.09677 1.07968
1.06286 + 2 1.0"631 1.03001 1.01397 9.98174 + 1 9.82628 9.673211 9.52259 9. 37~29 9.22831
9.08460 + 1 8.94313 8.80388 8.66679 8.53185 8.39901 8.26824 8.13951 8.01279 7.88805
7.76525 + 1 7.6111136 7.52537 7.40823 7.29291 7.17940 7.06765 6.95765 6.84936 6.711277
6.63783 + 1 6.53453 6.43284 6.33274 6.23420 6.13719 6.011170 5.94769 5.85515 5.761106
5.671138 + 1 5.58610 5.119920 5.41365 5.329114 5.24654 5.16493 5.08459 5.00550 4.92765

..£.. Po
- 2.24031 I
2.20538 2.17100 2.13715 2.10383 2.07103 2.03875 2.00697 1.97568 1.94489
1.91457 - I 1.88473 1.85536 1.826411 1.79797 1.76995 1.711237 1.71522 1.68849 1.66218
1.63628 - 1 1.61078 1.58569 1.56098 1.53666 1.51272 1.48915 1.116595 1.411312 1.112063
1.39851 - 1
1.37672 1.35528 1.33417 1.31339 1.29293 1.27279 1.25297 1.233116 1.21425
1.195311 - 1 1.17673
1.158~0 1.1~037
1.12261 1.10513 1.08793 1.07099 1.05431 1.03790
1.02174 - I 1.00584 9.90180 - 2 9.74767 9.595911 9.114658 '1.29954 9.15481 9.01232 8.87206
8.73399 - 2 8.59807 8.46427 8.33255 8.20289 8.07525 7.911960 7.82591 7.70415 7.58"29
7.116629 - 2 7.35014 7.23579 7.12323
.1. 01 2 ..2
6.90334 6.79596 6.69025 6.58619 6.48575

p, kg m- 3
3.6480 - I
3.5932 3.5372 3.4820 3.4277 3.3743 3.3217 3.2699 3.2189 3.1688
3.1194 - I
3.0708 3.0229 2.9758 2.92911 2.8838 2.8388 2.7946 2.7510 2.7082
- 2.6660 1
2.621111 2.5835 2.51133 2.5037
2.~646
2.4262 2.38811 2.3512 2.31116
2.2786 - I
2.2431 2.2081 2.1737 2.1399 2.1065 2.0737 2.04111 2.0097 1.97811
- 1.9475 1
1.9172 1.8874 1.8580 1.8291 1.8006 1.7725 1.7449 1.7178 1.6910
- 1.6647 1
1.6388 1.6133 1.5882 1.5634 1.5391 1.5152 1.11916 1.116811 1.4455
- 1.11230 1
1.4009 1.3791 1.3576 1.3365 1.3157 1.2952 1.2751 1.2552 1.2357
1.2165 - 1 1.1975 1.1789 1.1606 1.1425 1.1247 1.10n 1.0900 1.0731 1.05611

P Po

2.9780 - I
2.9332 2.8875 2.8425 2.7982 2.7545 2.7116 2.6693 2.6277 2.5868

- 2.5"6~

I

2.5067

2.4677

2.4292

2.391"

2.3541

2.3174

2.2813

2.21157

2.2107

2.1763 - 1
2.14211 2.1090 2.0761 2.0438 2.0120 1.9806 1.9498 1.91911 1.8895
- 1.8600 I
1.8311 1.8026 1.7745 1.7468 1.7196 1.6928 1.6665 1.6405 1.6150

1.5898 - I
1.5651 1.5407 1.5167 1.4931 1.4699 1.41170 1.42411 1.4023 1.38011
- 1.3589 1
1.3378 1.3170 1.2965 1.2763 1.2564 1.2369 1.2116 1.1987 1.1800

1.1616 - 1 1.1436
1.1258 1.1083 1.0910
1.0740 1.0573 1.0409 1.0247
1.0087

9.9304 - 2 9.7759 9.6238
9.47~1
9.3267 9.1816 9.0388 8.8982 8.7598 8.6236

46

TABLE 1. -Continued

GEOPOTENilAL ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

Temperature

Pressure

Density

H, m Z, m T,oK

t,OC TM, oK

P, mb

P, mm Hg

..£..
Po

P. kg m- 5

P Po

19000 19100 19200 19300 191100 19500 19600 19700 19800 19900
20000 20100 20200 20300 20400 20500 20600 20700 20800 20900
21000 21100 21200 21300 21400 21500 21600 21700 21800 21900
22000 22100 22200 22300 22 .. 00 22500 22600 22700 22800 22900
23000 23100 23200 23300 231100 23500 23600 23700 23EOO 23900
211000 2.. 100 210200 2.. 300 2.... 00 2.. 500 2.. 600 210700 2.. 800 211900
25COO 25100 25200 25300 251000 25500 25600 25700 25eoo 25900
26000 26100 26200 26300 26.. 00 26500 26600 26700 26800 26900

19057 19158 19258 19359 19 .. 59 19560 19661 19761 19862 19963
20063 2 0 1 6 .. 2 0 2 6 .. 20365 20.. 66 20566 20667 20768 20868 20969
21070 21170 21271 21372 21472 21573 216711 217714 21875 21976
22076 22177 22278 22379 22 .. 7 9 22580 22681 22781 22882 22983
230e .. 2 3 1 8 .. 23285 23386 23 .. 86 23581 23688 23189 23889 23990
2 .. 091 211192 2.. 292 2.. 393 2.... 9 .. 2.. 595 2.. 696 210196 210891 2.. 998
25099 25200 25300 25 .. 01 25502 25603 2570" 258010 25905 26006
26101 26208 26308 26 .. 09 26510 26611 26712 26813 26913 270n

216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.750 216.850 216.950 217.050 217.150 217.250 217.350 217 ...50 217.550
217.650 217.750 217.850 217.950 218.050 218.150 218.250 218.350 218.1050 218.550
218.650 218.750 218.850 218.950 219.050 219.150 219.250 219.350 219."50 219.550
219.650 219.750 219.850 219.950 220.050 220.150 220.250 220.350 220."50 220.550
220.650 220.750 220.850 220.950 221.050 221.150 221.250 221.350 221."50 221.550
221.650 221.750 221.850 221.950 222.050 222.150 222.250 222.350 222.450 222.550
222.650 222.750 222.850 222.950 223.050 223.150 223.250 223.350 223.1150 223.550

-56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500
-56.500 -56.400 -56.300 -56.200 -56.100 -56.000 -55.900 -55.800 -55.700 -55.600
-55.500 -55."00 -55.300 -55.200 -55.100 -55.000 -5".900 -510.800 -5... 700 -54.600
-5".500 -5 ..... 00 -5".300 -5".200 -5".100 -54.000 -53.900 -53.800 -53.700 -53.600
-53.500 -53 ...00 -53.300 -53.200 -53.100 -53.000 -52.900 -52. BOO -52.700 -52.600
-52.500 -52.1100 -52.300 -52.200 -52.100 -52.000 -51.900 -51.800 -51.700 -51.600
-51.500 -51."00 -51.300 -51.200 -51.100 -51.000 -50.900 -50.800 -50.100 -50.600
-50.500 -50.1100 -50.300 -50.200 -50.100 -50.000 -109.900 - .. 9.800 -109.700 -109.600

216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.750 216.850 216.950 217.050 217.150 217.250 217 .350 217 ... SO 217.550
217 .650 217.750 217 .850 217.950 218.050 218.150 218.250 218.350 218.450 218.550
218.650 218.750 218.850 218.950 219.050 219.150 219.250 219.350 219."50 219.550
219.650 219.no 219.850 219.950 220.050 220.150 220.250 220.350 220."50 220.550
220.650 220.750 220.850 220.950 221.050 221.150 221.250 221.350 221."50 221.550
221.650 221.750 221.850 221.950 222.050 222.150 222.250 222.350 222."50 222.550
222.650 222.750 222.850 222.950 223.050 223.150 223.250 223.350 223."50 223.550

6.40999 + 1 6.30970 6.21098 6.11381 6.01816 5.92"01 5.83132 5.711009 5.65029 5.56189
5.47487 + 1 5.38924 5.30498 5.22208 5.110051 5.06025 ".98128 4.90358 4.82712 ... 75189
11.67781 + 1 ".6050" ".53337 ..... 6285 ".393.. 5 ".32517 4.25798 ... 19186 ".12680 4.06278
3.99978 + 1 3.93778 3.87678 3.816711 3.75766 3.69953 3.64231 3.58601 3.53061 3.117608
3."22",2 + 1 3.36961 3.31765 3.26650 3.21617 3.16663 3.11788 3.06991 3.02269 2.97622
2.930118 + 1 2.885117 2.8"117 2.79156 2.75"65 2.712"1 2.6708" 2.62993 2.58966 2.55002
2.51101 + I 2."7262 2... 3..82 2.39762 2.36101 2.32"97 2.28950 2.25"58 2.22021 2.18638
2.15308 + 1 2.12031 2.0880" 2.05628 2.02502 1.99"25 1.96396 1.93.. 1.. 1.901179 1.875B9

".80788 + 1 ".73267 ".65862 ".585711 ".51399 11 ..... 337 ".37385 ".305102 ".23806 11.17176
".106.. 9 + 1 4.04226 3.97906 3.91688 3.85570 3.79550 3.73627 3.67799 3.6206" 3.56"21
3.50869 + 1 3.45"06 3."0031 3.3..7.. 1 3.29536 3.2441" 3.19375 3.1 .... 15 3.09536 3.0" 733
3.00008 + 1 2.95358 2.90782 2.86279 2.818"8 2.771187 2.73196 2.68973 2.6"817 2.60727
2.56703 + I 2.527"2 2... 88.... 2."5008 2."1232 2.31517 2.33861 2.30262 2.26720 2.23235
2.198010 + 1 2.16"28 2.13105 2.09835 2.06616 2.03.... 8 2.00330 1.97261 1.9"2100 1.91268
1.883"1 + 1 1.851161 1.82627 1.79837 1.77090 1.711387 1.71726 1.69107 1.66530 1.63992
1.611195 + 1 1.59036 1.56616 1.51023" 1.51889 1."9581 1.10 7309 1.115072 1."2871 1.10070"

6.32616 - 2 6.2a19 6.12977 6.03386 5.939"6 5.8 ..65.. 5.75507 5.66503 5.576"0 5.118916
5."0328 - 2 5.31816 5.23561 5.15379 5.07329 4.99"08 ".91614 " . 8 3 9 .. 5 " . 7 6 .. 00 ".68976
".61670 - 2 ... 5.... 82 ..... 7409 10.40 .... 9 ".33600 ".26861 ".20230 4.13705 4.0728" ".00965
3.9 .. 1..7 - 2 3.88629 3.82608 3.76683 3.70852 3.65115 3.59"68 3.53912 3... 8.. 44 3."3062
3.37767 - 2 3.32555 3.271126 3.22379 3.17"11 3.12523 3.07711 3.02976 2.98316 2.93730
2.89216 - 2 2.81177_ 2.80401 2.76098 2.71863 2.676911 2.63592 2.5955" 2.55580 2.51668
2.117818 - 2 2 ..... 028 2."0298 2.36627 2.33013 2.29"57 2.25956 2.22510 2.19118 2.15779
2.12493 - 2 2.09258 2.0607" 2.02939 1.9985" 1.96817 1.93828 1.90885 1.87988 1.85136

1.0307 - 1 1.01"6 9.9871 - 2 9.8309 9.6771 9.5257 9.3766 9.2299 9.0855 8.9.. 3..
8.8035 - 2 8.6618 8.522" 8.3854 8.2506 8.1180 7.9877 7.859" 7.7333 7.6093
7."873 - 2 7.367" 7.2 ..9.. 1.1333 7.0192 6.9069 6.7965 6.6879 6.5811 6.11761
6.3727 - 2 6.2711 6.1711 6.0728 5.9760 5.8809 5.7873 5.6952 5.60117 5.5156
5.11280 - 2 5.3"18 5.2570 5.1737 5.0916 5.0109 11.9315 ".853" 11.7766 11.1011
".6267 - 2 11.5536 .....816 ..... 109
11.3"'2 ".2721 4.20510 11.1391 ".0739 10.0097
3.91166 - 2 3.88"5 3.823" 3.7633 3.70"1 3.61159 3.5887 3.532" 3.4110 3 ...22..
3.3688 - 2 3.3160 3.26"1 3.2130 3.1628 3.1133 3.06"6 3.0168 2.9696 2.9233

8 ... 1..0 - 2 8.2823 8.1527 8.0252 7.8996 7.7760 7 . 6 5 .... 7.53"6 7 .11168 7.3007
1.1865 - 2 1.0708 6.9571 6.8"52 6.7352 6.6270 6.5205 6."159 6.3129 6.2117
6.1121 - 2 6.0142 5.9179 5.8231 5.7300 5.6383 5.5"82 5."595 5.3723 5.2866
5.2022 - 2 5.1192 5.0316 ".957" " . 8 7 8 .. 11.8007 11.1243 11.6"92 11.5753 11.5026
..... 310 - 2 ".3601 ".2915 ".223" ".1564 "~0905 ".0257 3.9620 3.8993 3.8376
3.7769 - 2 3.7172 3.6585 3.6007 3.51139 3."880 3."329 3.3788 3.3256 3.2732
3.2217 - 2 3.1710 3.1211 3.0720 3.02382.9163 2.9295 2.8836 2.8383 2.7938
2.7500 - 2 2.7070 2.66"6 2.6229 2.5818 2.51115 2.5011 2."627 2 ...2.. 2 2.3864

TABLE I. -Continued

47

GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

Z, m H,m

19000 19100 19200 19300 19 .. 00 19500 19600 19700 19800 19900
20000 20100 20200 20300 20.. 00 20500 20600 20700 20800 20900
21000 21100 21200 21300 21 .. 00 21500 21600 21700 21800 21900
22000 22100 22200 22300 22 .. 00 22500 22600 22700 22800 22900
23000 23100 23200 23300 23.. 00 23500 23600 23700 23800 23900
2.. 000 2.. 100 2.. 200 2.. 300 2.... 00 2.. 500 2.. 600 210700 2.. 8 0 0 2..900
25000 25100 25200 25300 2 5 .. 00 25500 25600 25700 25800 25900
26000 26100 26200 26300 26 .. 00 26500 2MOO 26700 26800 26900

189103 190103 191 .. 2 192 .. 2 193.. 1 1911 .. 0 195.. 0 19639 19739 19838
19937 20037 20136 20235 20335 20 .. 3.. 20533 20633 20732 20832
20931 21030 21130 21229 21326 21 .. 26 21527 21626 21725 21825
2192" 22023 22123 22222 22321 22 .. 21 22520 22619 22719 22818
22917 23016 23116 23215 2331 .. 23 .. 13 23513 23612 23711 23810
23910 2.. 0 0 9 211108 211207 2.. 307 2.... 06 2.. 505 2 .. 6 0 " 21170" 210803
211902 25001 25100 25200 25299 25398 2 5 .. 97 25597 25696 25795
258911 25993 26092 26192 26291 26390 2 6 .. 89 26588 26687 26787

Temperature

Pressure

Density

T,oK

t,OC TM, oK

P, mb

P, mm Hg

...E...
Po

p, kg m- 3

P Po

216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.687 216.786 216.865 216.985 217.06" 217.183 217.283 217.382 217 ...81
217.581 217.680 217.780 217.879 217.976 218.078 218.177 218.276 218.375 218."75
218.57" 218.673 218.773 218.872 218.911 219.011 219.170 219.269 219.369 219.468
219.567 219.666 219.766 219.865 219.96" 220.063 220.163 220.262 220.361 220."60
220.560 220.659 220.758 220.857 220.957 221.056 221.155 221.2510 221.3511 221.1153
221.552 221.651 221.750 221.850 221.9119 222.0"8 222.1117 222.2116 222.3"6 222 ..... 5
2 2 2 . 5 .... 222.6"3 222.7"2 222.8"2 222.9"1 223.0"0 223.139 223.238 223.337 223 ... 37

-56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500 -56.500
-56.500 -56.463 -56.36" -56.265 -56.165 -56.066 -55.967 -55.867 -55.768 -55.669
-55.569 -55.470 -55.370 -55.271 -55.172 -55.072 -54.973 -5".87" -54.775 -511.615
-5".576 -5 ..... 77 -5".377 -5".278 -510.179 -511.079 -53.980 -53.881 -53.781 -53.682
-53.583 -53."8" -53.38" -53.285 -53.186 -53.087 -52.987 -52.888 -52.789 -52.690
-52.590 -52."91 -52.392 -52.293 -52.193 -52.09" -51.995 -51.896 -51.796 -51.697
-51.598 -51."99 -51."00 -51.300 -51.201 -51.102 -51.003 -50.903 -50.80" -50.705
-50.60b -50.507 -50."08 -50.308 -50.209 -50.110 -50.011 -"9.912 -119.613 -"9.713

216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650 216.650
216.650 216.687 216.766 216.865 216.965 217.08" 217.163 217 .283 217.362 217."61
217.581 217 .680 217.780 217.879 217 .978 218.078 218.177 218.276 218.375 218.1175
218.57" 218.673 218.773 218.872 218.911 219.071 219.170 219.269 219.369 219.468
219.567 219.666 219.766 219.865 219.9610 220.063 220.163 220.262 220.361 220."60
220.560 220.659 220.758 220.657 220.957 221.056 221.155 221.25" 221.35" 221."53
221.552 221.651 221.750 221.850 221.9119 222.0118 222.1"7 222.2"6 222.3116 222.11"5
222.51111 222.6113 222.7"2 222.8112 222.9111 223.0110 223.139 223.238 223.337 223 ... 31

6.1067106 + I 6.36689 6.26786 6.170110 6.0711"5 5.97998 5.88699 5.795"5 5.7053" 5.61663
5.52930 + 1
5 ..... n ..
5.3587" 5.27550 5.19360 5.11300 5.03369 ".95565 ".87886 ".80329
".72893 + I ".65576 ".58376 ".51289 ....... 317 ".37455 ".30702 " . 2 .. 0 5 7 ".17518 ".11082
... 0..7109 + 1 3.98517 3.92383 3.863"6 3.80406 3.7"559 3.68805 3.631"3 3.57569 3.5208"
3.46686 + 1 3."1373 3.361 .... 3.30997 3.25932 3.209"7 3.160"0 3.11211 3.06"57 3.01779
2.9717" + 1 2.926"2 2.88180 2.83789 2.79"67 2.75213 2.71025 2.6690" 2.628107 2.58853
2.511922 + 1 2.51052 2.117243 2."311911 2.39803 2.36170 2.32593 2.29073 2.25607 2.22196
2.18837 + 1 2.15531 2.12277 2.09073 2.05919 2.0281" 1.99757 1.967107 1.93785 1.90868

".85101 + 1 ".77556 ".70129 11.62818 ".55621 ..... 8536 ..... 1561 ... 3..695 ".27936 ".21282
".1 .. 732 + 1 ".0828" ".01939 3.95695 3.89552 3.83506 3.77558 3.7170" 3.659"5 3.60276
3.510699 + 1 3...9211 3."3810 3.38"95 3.33265 3.28118 3.23053 3.18069 3.1316" 3.08337
3.03587 + 1 2.98912 2.9"311 2.8978" 2.85328 2.809"2 2.76627 2.72379 2.68199 2.6"085
2.60036 + 1 2.56051 2.52129 2."8268 2....... 69 2."0730 2.37050 2.33"27 2.29862 2.26353
2.22899 + 1 2.19"99 2.16153 2.12859 2.09618 2.06"21 2.03286 2.001911 1.97151 1.911156
1.91207 + 1 1.88305 1.85.... 8 1.82635 1.79867 1.77142 1.7.... 59 1.71819 1.69219 1.66660
1.6 .. 1.. 1 + 1 1.61662 1.59221 1.56617 1.5.... 52 1.52123 1... 9830 1.107573 1."5351 1."3163

6.38291 - 2 6.2836" 6.18591 6.08971 5.99501 5.90179 5.81001 5.71967 5.63073 5.5"318
5.45700 - 2 5.37216 5.28867 5.20651 5.12566 5.0"61" ".96766 ".89085 ".81506 ... 7..0..8
".66709 - 2 ... 59.. 68 ".52362 ..... 5388 ".38507 ".31735 ".25070 ".18512 ".12058 ".05107
3.99"56 - 2 3.93305 3.87252 3.8129" 3.75431 3.69661 3.63982 3 . 5 8 3 9 .. 3.52893 3... 7480
3.42153 - 2 3.36909 3.31748 3.26669 3.21670 3.16750 3.11908 3.071"1 3.02"50 2.97833
2.93288 - 2 2.88815 2.8 .... 12 2.80078 2.75813 2.7161" 2.61481 2.63"13 2.59"09 2.551168
2.51588 - 2 2.117769 2.""010 2."0310 2.36667 2.31081 2.29552 2.26077 2.22657 2.19290
2.15976 - 2 2.12713 2.09501 2.06339 2.03226 2.00161 1.971"5 1.9"175 1.91251 1.88372

- 1.0"00 1
1.0238 1.0079 9.9219 - 2 9.7676 9.6157 9."661 9.3190 9.17100 9.03110
8.8910 - 2 8.7513 6.6113 8.4737 6.3383 8.2051 8.07"2 7.9"54 7.8187 7.69"0
7.5715 - 2 7."509 7.3323 7.2157 7.1010 6.9881 6.8771 6.7679 6.6605 6.55"9
6.4510 - 2 6.3"88 6.2"82 6.11093 6.0520 5.9563 5.8621 5.7695 5.6784 5.5687
5.5006 - 2 5."138 5.3285 5.2.... 5 5.1619 5.0807 5.0008 ".9221 ... 8.... 6 ".7687
".6938 - 2 ".6201 ".51076 11.4763 ..... 062 ".3372 ".2692 ".20211 ".1367 11.0720
".008" - 2 3.91158 3.88"2 3.8236 3.7639 3.7052 3.6"75 3.5907 3.53"8 3.10798
3."257 - 2 3.372" 3.3200 3.268" 3.2177 3.1678 3.1186 3.0703 3.0227 2.9759

8 ... 69.. - 2 8.357" 8.22710 8.0995 7.9735 7.8"95 7.7275 7.6073 7."890 7.3726
7.2579 - 2 7.1"39 7.0297 6.9173 6.6066 6.6981 6.5912 6."860 6.3826 6.2609
6.1808 - 2 6.0824 5.9856 5.890" 5.7967 5.70"6 5.61"0 5.52"8 5."372 5.3509
5.2661 - 2 5.1827 5.1006 5.0198 ... 9.. 0.. ".8623 ".785" ".1098 4.635" ".5622
11."903 - 2 ..... 19.. ... 3.. 98 ".2813 ... 2138 ... 1..15 ".0823 11.0181 3.95"9 3.8926
3.8317 - 2 3.7715 3.712" 3.65"1 3.5969 3.5"05 3."851 3."306 3.3769 3.32111
3.2722 - 2 3.2210 3.1707 3.1213 3.0726 3.02117 2.9775 2.9312 2.8855 2.8"06
2.7965 - 2 2.7530 2.7102 2.6681 2.6267 2.5859 2.51158 2.50611 2."675 2.11293

48

TABLE I. -Continued

GEOPOTENTIAL ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

Temperotu're

Pressure

Density

H, m Z, m T,oK

t,OC TM, oK

P, mb

P, mm Hg

...E...
Po

P, kg m- 3

P Po

27COO 27100 27200 27300 271+00 27500 27600 27700 27eoo 27900
28000 26100 28200 28300 261000 28500 28600 26700 28800 28900
29000 29100 29200 29300 291100 29500 29600 29700 29800 29900
30000 30100 30200 30300 30400 30500 30600 30700 30800 30900
31000 31100 31200 31300 31400 31500 31600 31100 31800 31900
32000 32200 32400 32600 32800 33000 33200 33400 33600 33eoo
34000 34200 34400 34600 34800 35000 35200 35400 35600 35800
36000 36200 361+00 36600 36eoo 31000 31200 311+00 37600 37800

271 IS 27216 27317 27418 27519 27620 27720 27821 27922 28023
26124 26225 28326 26427 28527 28628 28729 28630 26931 29032
29133 29234 29335 29436 29537 29638 29138 29839 29940 3001+1
30142 30243 30344 30445 3051+6 3061+1 3011+8 3081+9 3095,9 3105f
31152 31253 31351+ 31455 31556 31651 31158 31659 31960 3206 I
32162 32364 32566 32768 32970 33112 33314 33516 33779 33981
31+183 31+385 34581 34789 34992 35191+ 35396 35598 35801 36003
36205 36401 36610 36812 31014 37217 37419 37621 31824 38026

223.650 223.750 223.850 223.950 2211.050 2210.150 221+.250 224.350 221+.1+50 224.550
224.650 224.750 2211.650 2211.950 225.050 225.150 22S.2S-O 225.3S0 225.IIS0 225.550
225.650 225.750 225.650 225.950 226.050 226.150 226.250 226.350 226."50 226.550
226.650 226.750 226.850 226.950 227.050 227.150 221.250 221.350 227.450 227.550
221.650 227.750 227.850 227.950 228.050 228.150 228.250 228.350 228.1+50 228.550
228.650 229.210 229.770 230.330 230.890 231.450 232.010 232.570 233.130 233.690
231+.250 231+.610 235.370 235.930 236.490 231.050 231.610 238.170 238.130 239.290
239.850 240.410 240.970 24 I .530 21+2.090 21+2.650 21+3.210 21+3.710 21+4.330 21+4.690

-109.500 -119.1100 -109.300 -109.200 -109.100 -49.000 -48.900 -108.800 -118.700 -48.600
-48.500 -46.400 -1+6.300 -116.200 -46.100 -48.000 -117.900 -47.800 -47.700 -47.600
-47.500 -47.1+00 -47.300 -47.200 -117.100 -117.000 -46.900 -116.800 -1+6.700 -1+6.600
-106.500 -46.400 -46.300 -1+6.200 -46.100 -46.000 -45.900 -1+5.800 -45.100 -45.600
-45.500 -45.400 -1+5.300 -45.200 -45.100 -45.000 -44.900 -44.800 -44.100 -44.600
-44.500 -43.940 -43.380 -42.620 -42.260 -41.100 -41.140 -40.580 -40.020 -39.460
-38.900 -38.31+0 -31.780 -31.220 -36.660 -36.100 -35.540 -34.960 -3".1+20 -33.860
-33.300 -32.71+0 -32.180 -31.620 -31.060 -30.500 -29.940 -29.380 -28.820 -28.260

223.650 223.750 223.850 223.950 2211.050 224.150 2210.250 221+.350 2211.450 2211.550
224.650 224.750 2211.650 22".950 225.050 225.150 225.250 225.350 225.450 225.550
225.650 225.750 225.650 225.950 226.050 226.150 226.250 226.350 226.450 226.550
226.650 226.150 226.850 226.950 227.050 221.150 227.250 221.350 221.1+50 221.550
221.650 221.750 227.850 221.950 228.050 228.150 228.250 228.350 228.450 228.550
228.650 229.210 229.710 230.330 230.890 231.450 232.010 232.570 233.130 233.690
231+.250 231+.810 235.310 235.930 236.1+90 237 .050 237.610 238.110 238.130 239.290
239.850 240.410 240.910 21+1.530 242.090 242.650 243.210 243.110 244.330 244.890

1.6107105 + I 1.819115 1.79189 1.76475 1.738010 1.71175 1.68586 1.66038 1.63529 1.61060
1.58628 + I 1.56235 1.53676 1.51559 1."9275 1.117026 1.114813 1.42633 1.110486 1.38375
1.36296 + I 1.34248 1.32232 1.30246 1.282911 1.26370 1.241176 1.22610 1.20771+ 1.18966
1.17186 + 1 1.151+33 1.13706 1.12008 1.10335 1.08688 1.01066 1.051+69 1.03896 1.02348
1.00823 + 1 9.93213 + 0 9.18429 9.63871 9.1+9536 9.35421 9.21521 9.07834 8.94356 8.81084
8.68014 + 0 8.1+21190 8.11776 7.938115 1.10669 7.1+8221+ 7.26485 1.05427 6.85028 6.65265
6.1+6 119 + C 6.27566 6.09589 5.92168 5.75284 5.58920 5.43059 5.21663 5.12711 4.98326
4.84314 + 0 1+.10727 4.51552 4.1+1+715 4.32384 4.20364 4.08106 3.91397 3.861+25 3.15780

1.38570 + I 1.36470 1.31+1+03 1.32367 1.30364 1.28392 1.26450 1.211539 1.22657 1.20605
1.16961 + 1 1.17166 1.1511 I 6 1.13678 1.11965 1.10279 1.086 I 8 1.069811 1.05375 1.03790
1.02230 + 1 1.00694 9.91825 + 0 9.76939 9.62281 9.117851 9.336113 9.19651+ 9.05881 8.92321
8.78968 + 0 8.65821 8.52817 8.40132 8.21583 8.15226 8.03060 1.91080 7.79284 7.67669
7.56232 + 0 7.44971 7.33882 7.22963 7.12211 1.01623 6.91191 6.80931 6.10822 6.60861
6.51061+ + 0 6.31920 6.13383 5.95433 5.78050 5.61214 5.44908 5.29114 5.13813 4.98990
1+.84629 + 0 4.707111 1+.51230 4.1+4163 4.31499 4.19225 4.07327 3.95795 3.8"614 3.13175
3.63265 + 0 3.53075 3.43192 3.33609 3.24314 3. 15299 3.06555 2.98072 2.89843 2.81658

1.62329 - 2 1.79566 1.768105 1.710168 1.71531 1.66936 1.66382 1.63867 1.61391 1.58953
1.56554 - 2 1.54192 1.51666 1.49577 1.47323 1.45 lOll 1.1+2919 1.40768 1.38651 1.36566
1.34514 - 2 1.32493 1.30503 1.2654S 1.26616 1.211717 1.228118 1.21007 1.19195 1.171+ 11
1.15654 - 2 I. 13924 1.12221 1.10544 1.08892 1.07261 1.05666 1.04090 1.02531 1.01009
9.95043 - 3 9.80225 9.65631+ 9.51261 9.37120 9.23188 9.0941C 8.95962 6.82661 8.69562
8.56663 - 3 6.311+73 8.07082 1.831+64 7.60592
7.~81+40
7.16985 6.96202 6.76010 6.56566
6.37669 - 3 6.19360 6.01616 5.84425 5.61762 5.51611 5.35957 5.20182 5.06011 4.91809
1+.77981 - 3 1+.64512 4.51569 4.38959 4.26730 4.14861 4.03361 3.92200 3.81372 3.70866

2.6777 - 2 2.8328 2.7886 2.7452 2.7024 2.6604 2.6190 2.5782 2.5381 2.4987
2.4599 - 2 2.4217 2.3841 2.311 71 2.3107 2.2749 2.2396 2.2050 2.1706 2.1372
2.1042 - 2 2.071 7 2.0397 2.0062 1.9771 1.91166 1.9166 1.8871 1.8580 1.82910
1.6012 - 2 1.1735 1.11+62 1.1193 1.6929 1.6669 1.61+13 1.616 I 1.5913 1.5669
1.5429 - 2 1.5192 1.4960 1.1+731 1.1+505 1.1+283 1.1+065 1.3850 1.3638 1.3430
1.3225 - 2 1.2805 1.2399 1.2001 1.1628 1.1262 1.0908 1.0567 1.0236 9.9173 - 3
9.6088 - 3 9.3107 9.0225 8.1438 8.1+744 8.2139 7.9620 7.1163 7.4827 7.2548
1.031+1+ - 3 6.62 I I 6.611+8 6.4152 6.2220 6.0351 5.8542 5.6791 5.5097 <;.31+57

2.31091 - 2 2.3125 2.2764 2.21110 2.2061 2.1717 2.1379 2.10117 2.0719 2.0397
2.0081 - 2 1.9769 1.9462 1.9160 1.6663 1.8571 1.6283 1.8000 1.7721 1.741+7
1.7177 - 2 1.6912 1.6650 1.6393 1.61110 1.5891 1.561+6 1.51105 1.5167 1.4934
1.4704 - 2 1.4477 1.4255 1.4035 1.3820 1.3601 1.3398 1.3193 1.2990 1.2791
1.2595 - 2 1.21+02 1.2212 1.2025 I. 1841 1.1660 1.1461 1.1306 1.1133 1.0963
1.0796 - 2 1.0453 1.0121 9.8011+ - 3 9.4922 9.1931+ 8.901+8 8.6258 8.3563 8.0957
1.81+39 - 3 7.6006 7.3653 7.1318 6.9179 6.7052 6.4996 6.3001 6.1083 5.9223
5.11+23 - 3 5.5683 5.3998 5.2369 5.0792 4.9266 4.1789 4.6360 4.4917 4.3638

TABLE I. -Continued

49

GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

Temperature

Pressure

Density

Z, m H, m T, oK

t,OC TM, oK

P, mb

P, mm Hg

£..
Po

p, kg m- J

P Po

27000 21100 27200 27300 271100 27500 21600 27700 21800 27900
28000 28100 28200 28300 28"00 28500 28600 28700 28BOO 28900
29000 29100 29200 29300 29"00 29500 29600 29700 29800 29900
30000 30100 30200 30300 30"00 30500 30600 30700 30800 30900
31000 31100 31200 31300 31"00 31500 31600 31700 31BOO 31900
32000 32200 32"00 32600 32800 33000 33200 331000 33600 33800
3.. 000 3..200 3.... 00 3.. 600 3.. 8 0 0 35000 35200 35"00 35600 35800
36000 36200 361000 36600 36800 37000 31200 31 .. 00 37600
Heoo

26886 26985 2 7 0 8 .. 27183 27282 27382 27"81 27580 27679 27118
27671 27976 28015 28115 28271j 28373 28 .. 72 28511 28670 28169
28868 28967 29066 29166 29265 293611 291163 29562 29661 29160
29859 29958 30051 30156 30255 30354 301153 30552 30651 30751
30850 309119 310.. 8 31147 31246 313.. 5 314 .... 315.. 3 316"2 311"1
318 .. 0 32038 32236 32103 .. 32632 32630 33027 33225 33.. 23 33621
33819 3.. 011 3.. 215 3.... 13 3.. 610 311808 35006 3520 .. 35"02 35599
35197 35995 36193 36390 36588 36786 369811 37181 37379 37577

223.536 223.635 223.73" 223.833 223.932 22".032 22".131 22".230 2211.329 2211.1128
2211.527 2211.626 2211.725 2211.625 2211.9211 225.023 225.122 225.221 225.320 225."19
225.516 225.617 225.116 225.816 225.915 226.01" 226.113 226.212 226.311 226.1110
226.509 226.608 226.101 226.806 226.905 227.004 221.103 227.202 227.301 221.1100
221.500 227.599 227.698 221.791 221.896 227.995 228.094 228.193 228.292 228.391
228."90 228.756 229.310 229.86" 230.1118 230.973 231.527 232.081 232.635 233.189
233.7"3 23".297 23".851 235.405 235.959 236.513 231.061 237 .621 238.175 238.729
239.282 239.836 2"0.390 2"0.9113 2.. 1... 97 2"2.050 2 .. 2.60 .. 2"3.151 2"3.111 2..... 2611

-119.6111 -"9.515 -"9."16 -"9.311 -"9.218 -"9.118 -"9.019 -"6.920 -118.821 -"8.722
-"6.623 -"8.521j -"8.1125 -"8.325 -"8.226 -"8.127 -"8.028 -"7.929 -41.830 -"7.731
-"1.632 -"1.533 -117.11311 -117.33" -41.235 -117.136 -117.037 -116.938 -116.839 -116.1"0
-116.6"1 -"6.5"2 - .. 6 ..... 3 -116.3 .... -"6.245 -116.146 -"6.041 -45.9"8 -45.8"9 -45.149
-"5.650 -"5.551 -"5.452 -45.353 -115.254 -"5.155 -"5.056 - ..... 957 - ..... 858 - ..... 759
- ..... 660
-11".39" - .. 3.8..0 -43.286 -42.732 -"2.171 -"1.623 -41.069 -100.515 -39.961
-39."07 -38.853 -38.299 -37.7It5 -37.191 -36.637 -36.083 -35.529 -3".975 -3..... 21
-33.868 -33.314 -32.760 -32.207 -31.653 -31.100 -30.5106 -29.993 -29.1139 -28.886

223.536 223.635 223.73" 223.833 223.932 22".032 22".131 22".230 2211.329 221j.1j28
221j.521 22".626 22".725 221j.625 22".92" 225.023 225.122 225.221 225.320 225."19
225.518 225.611 225.716 225.816 225.915 226.01" 226.113 226.212 226.311 226.1110
226.509 226.608 226.707 226.806 226.905 221.004 221.103 221.202 221.301 221."00
221.500 221.599 221.698 227.797 227.896 227.995 228.094 228.193 228.292 228.391
228.1190 228.756 229.310 229.6610 230."18 230.973 231.521 232.081 232.635 233.189
233.1"3 23".291 23".851 235."05 235.959 236.513 237.067 237.621 238.175 238.129
239.282 239.836 2110.390 2"0.91t3 2"1.1091 2"2.050 2"2.60" 2"3.157 2113.711 2..... 2611

1.87991 + I 1.85170 1.82387 1.196"8 1.16950 1.1.. 291j 1.11680 1.69106 1.66571 1.611076
1.61619 + 1 1.59201 1.56819
1.5""7" 1.52166 1."9893 1.1j1655 1... 5.. 51 1."32B2 1.1111115
1.390"2 + I 1.36971 1.3"931 1.32923 1.309116 1.28999 1.21082 1.251911 1.23336 1.21505
1.19103 + 1 1.11928 1.16180 1.111"59 1.12165 1.11096 1.091153 1.078311 1.06241 1.0"611
1.03126 + 1 1.0160" 1.00105 9.86292 + 0 9.71757 9.57 .... 2 9 ... 33.. 5 9.29"62 9.15789 9.02323
8.89063 + 0 8.631110 8.38023 8.13696 7.90133 7.67308 7.105196 7.23173 7.03016 6.82902
6.631112 + 0 6 ..... 522 6.26215 6.08470 5.91269 5.1"593 5.581021 5.112152 5.27553 5.12815
".98522 + 0 10.8"660 10.112111 10.58172 11."5521 ".332118 ".21340 ".09186 3.98575 3.81696

1.111009 + I 1.38889 1.36802 1.311747 1.32723 1.30732 1.28710 1.266100 1.211939 1.23061
1.21225 + 1 1.191110 1.116211 1.15865 1.1"1311 1.12"29 1.10750 1.09091 1.07"70 1.05868
1.01j290 + I 1.02731 1.01201 9.97007 + 0 9.82116 9.67573 9.531911 9.39035 9.25093 9.1136"
8.978116 + 0 8.8"5311 8.71"25 8.58517 8."5805 8.33288 8.20962 8.088211 7.96871 7.85099
7.13508 + 0 7.62092 7.50651 7.39180 7.26678 7.181"1 7.01561 6.9115" 6.66899 6.76196
6.66652 + 0 6 . . . 1 .. 0 8 6.28569 6.10322 5.926"9 5.75528 5.589"3 5. . . 2 8 1 .. 5.27305 5.12219
".97600 + 0 ".631131 ... 69700 11.56390 ..... 3.. 88 11.30980 ... 188511 ".01097 3.95691 3.8116113
3.13922 + 0 3.63525 3.5311"0 3.113658
3.3"168 3.2"962 3.16031 3.01365 2.98956 2.90796

1.85539 - 2 1.827"9 1.80002 1.77298 1.14636 1.72015 1.69 .. 35 1.66691j 1.6"393 1.61931
1.59506 - 2 1.51119 1.5"769 1.52"511 1.50176 1.111933 1... 572.. 1... 35..9 1... 1.. 08 1.39300
1.312211 - 2 1.35180 1.33167 1.31185 1.292311 1.21312 1.251120 1.23557 1.21123 1.19916
1.18138 - 2 1.16386 1.1"661 1.12963 1.11290 1.096113 1.08021 1.0611211 1.0"851 1.03303
1.01771 - 2 1.00215 9.81962 - 3 9.73395 9.590"9 9 ..... 922 9.31009 9.11301 9.038110 8.905210
8.17"31 - 3 8.51853 8.21065 8.03056 7.19801 1.5727" 7.35"51 7.1"308 6.93822 6.73972
6.5"736 - 3 6.3609" 6.18026 6.00513 5.83537 5.61019 5.511211 5.35655 5.20655 5.06109
11.92003 - 3 ".18322 11.65052 ".52181 11.39695 ... 27582 10.15830 11.0 .... 27 3.93363 3.82626

2.9298 - 2 2.88"5 2.8399 2.1960 2.7528 2.1103 2.66611 2.6213 2.5661 2.51169
2.5016 - 2 2.1j690 2."310 2.3936 2.3566 2.3206 2.28"9 2.2"98 2.2153 2.1B13
2.1"78 - 2 2.11119 2.0825 2.0506 2.0192 1.9883 1.9579 1.9280 1.8985 1.8696
1.8"10 - 2 1.8129 1.1853 1.1581 1.1313 1.10119 1.6190 1.653" 1.6283 1.6035
1.5792 - 2 1.5552 1.5316 1.5063 1.11855 1."629 1 ..... 08 1."190 1.3915 1.3763
1.3555 - 2 1.31105 1.2731 1.2332 1.19"6 1.1513 1.1213 1.0864 1.0528 1.0202
9.6814 - 3 9.5632 9.2890 9.00105 8.129" 8 ...63 .. 8.2060 7.9511 7.1163 1."833
7.2579 - 3 1.0398 6.8281 6.62"5 6.11268 6.2355 6.0502 5.8109 5.69111 5.5293

2.3911 - 2 2.3541 2.3183 2.26211 2.2412 2.2125 2.1183 2.11jll7 2.1116 2.0191
2.0410 - 2 2.0155 1.98"5 1.95"0 1.9239 1.89"3 1.8652 1.8366 1.808" 1.1806
1.1533 - 2 1.1265 1.7000 1.6140 1.6"8" 1.6231 1.59B3 1.5139 1.51198 1.5262
1.5029 - 2 1."799 1... 57 .. 1."352 1.4133 1.3918 1.3106 1.31197 1.3292 1.3090
1.2891 - 2 1.2695 1.2503 1.2313 1.2126 1.1942 1.1161 1.1583 1.11106 1.1235
1.1065 - 2 1.0130 1.0393 1.0061 9.1518 - 3 9."4110 9.1532 8.8668 8.5939 8.3282
8.0713 - 3 7.8230 7.5826 7.3506 7.1261 6.9089 6.6988 6.10956 6.2990 6.1088
5.92"8 - 3 5.7"68 5.57"5 5.10077 5.2 .. 6.. 5.0902 ".9390 11.7926 ".6509 4.5137

6tH:l502 0 - 63 - 5

50

TABLE 1. -Continued

GEOPOTENTIAL ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

Temperature

Pressure

Density

.. -- "--~-

H, m Z, m T,oK

t,OC TM, OK

P, mb

P, mm Hg

..£...
Po

p, kg m- 3

P Po

38000 38200
38~00
38600 36600 39000 39200 39400 39600 39600
40000 40200 40400 40600 40eoo 41000 41200
41~00
111600 41600
.. 2000 1<2200 1<21<00 1<2600 1<2800 1<3000 43200 1<3400 43600 113600
114000 4.. 200 11 ....00 4.. 600 4.. 800 115COO .. 5200 .. 51<00 .. 5600 1<5800
46000 116200 .. 61100 1<6600 1<6800 117000 111200 1+71100 '<7600 117800
116COO 1<8200 1<81<00 118600 48800 49000 1<9200 491400 49600 1<9600
50000 50500 51000 51500 52000 52500 53000 53500 5.. 000 5"500
55000 55500 56000 56500 57000 57500 5BOOO 5B500 59000 59500

38229
38~31
38633 38836 39038 39241 3941<3 39646 39648 40051
40253 40456 40658 40661
~I06"
41266
~1~69
41671 .. 18n 42071
1<2219 421182 112665 42687 1<3090 43293 1131196 1<3698 43901 1<4104
44307 11.. 510 .. 4112 11.. 915 115118 45321 1<5524 .. 5127 115930 .. 6132
46335 116538 116741 469411 11111<7 1<7350 117553 1+7156 .. 7 9 5 9 118162
.. 8 3 6 5 1<8568 1<8111 1189711 49118 .. 9 3 6 1 49584 1<9167 49990 50193
50396 50904 51 .. 13 51921 52 .. 29 52937 531<1<6 53951< 5111<63 54971
551<80 55989 561198 57007 51516 58025 58534 59043 59553 60062

21<5.~50 2~6.010 2~6.570
21<7.130 247.690
2~6.250
246.610 249.370 249.930 250.490
251.050 251.610 252.170 252.730 253.290 253.650
2511.~10
254.970 255.530 256.090
256.650 257.210 251.110 258.330 258.890 259.1150 260.010 260.570 261.130 261.690
262.250 262.610 263.370 263.930 264.1<90 265.050 265.610 266.110 266.130 267.290
261.850 26B.410 266.970 269.530 210.090 210.650 270.650 210.650 210.650 210.650
210.650 210.650 270.650 270.650 270.650 270.650 2TO.650 270.650 210.650 210.650
210.650 270.650 210.650 210.650 210.650 269.650 268.650 267.650 266.650 265.650
264.650 263.650 262.650 261.650 260.650 259.650 256.650 257.650 256.650 255.650

-27.700 -27.11<0 -26.580 -26.020 -25.1<60 -24.900 -24.340 -23.780 -23.220 -22.660
-22.100 -21.540 -20.980 -20.420 -19.860 -19.300 -18.7"0 -18.160 -17.620 -17.060
-16.500 -15.9110 -15.360 -1".620 -1".260 -13.700 -13.140 -12.580 -12.020 -11.1160
-10.900 -10.3110
-9.760 -9.220 -6.660 -8.100 -1.540 -6.980 -6."20 -5.660
-5.300 -4.740 -4.160 -3.620 -3.060 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500
-2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500
-2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -3.500 -4.500 -5.500 -6.500 -7.500
-6.500 -9.500 -10.500 -11.500 -12.500 -13.500 -1".500 -15.500 -16.500 -17.500

2~5.~50 2~6.010 2~6.570
2H.130 241.690 2"8.250 248.810 249.370 249.930 250.1<90
251.050 251.610 252.170 252.730 253.290 253.650 2511.1110 2511.970 255.530 256.090
256.650 251.210 251.710 258.330 258.890 259.450 260.010 260.510 261.130 261.690
262.250 262.610 263.310 263.930 26".1190 265.050 265.610 266.110 266.730 261.290
267.850 268.1<10 266.910 269.530 270.090 270.650 210.650 210.650 210.650 210.650
210.650 210.650 270.650 210.650 270.650 270.650 210.650 210.650 210.650 270.650
270.650 210.650 210.650 270.650 270.650 269.650 26B.650 261.650 266.650 265.650
264.650 263.650 262.650 261.650 260.650 259.650 256.650 257.650 256.650 255.650

3.65~52 + 0 3.551<31
3.~5706
3.36268 3.27109 3.16218 3.09589 3.01212 2.93060 2.85185
2.77520 + 0 2.70077
2.626~9
2.55630 2.119014 2.42394 2.3596" 2.29717 2.23650 2.17755
2.12028 + 0 2.0646" 2.01056 1.95804 1.90698 1.85737 1.80914 1.16227 1.11671 1.612112
1.62936 + 0 1.56750 1.54681 1.50723 1.46876 1.1<31311 1.39495 1.35956 1.32514 1.29166
1.25909 + 0 1.22141 1.19660 1.16661 1.131"1< 1.10905 1.061"1 1.051<1<5 1.02616 1.00253
- 9.71537 1
9.53168 9.29406 9.06231 8.63645 6.61616 8.1+0137 6.19193 7.98771 1.78658
- 7.594"2 1
7.12992 6.69363 6.264112 5.90005 5.53653 5.19795 1<.87116 4.57507 4.29066
- ".02297 1
3.11105 3.53404 3.31110 3.101116 2.901<35 2.71909 2.51<1<99 2.361113 2.22760

2.H112 + 0 2.66595 2.59301 2.52222 2.1<5352 2.36683 2.32211 2.25928 2.19828 2.13906
2.08157 + 0 2.025H 1.97153 1.91889 1.86776 1.61810 1.76967 1.72302 1.67751 1.63330
1.59031< + 0 1.54861 1.50806 1.1<6865 1.I<30n 1.39314 1.35691 1.32181 1.2B761< 1.25442
1.22212 + 0 1.19073 1.16020 1.13052 1.10166 1.01359 1.0"630 1.01975 9.93936 - 1 9.68825
9.1<1<398 - 1 9.20636 8.97520 8.75031 6.53150 6.31859 6.11122 7.90901 7.111811 7.51959
7.33213 - 1 7.111935 6.91112 6.79133 6.62186 6.46265 6.30154 6.1 ....115 5.99127 5.64192
- 5.69628 1
5.311768 5.02019 4.11310 1+.42540 4.1542" 3.8981B 3.65811 3."3156 3.21826
- 3.011'<7 1
2.82852 2.65075 2.46353 2.32628 2.176 .... 2.03946 1.90890 1.76622 1.61099

3. 6067~ - 3 3.50783 3.41185 3.31871 3.22831 3.14057 3.05541 2.97273 2.8921<8 2.61456
2.73691 - 3 2.66545 2.59412 2.521<85 2.115758 2.39224 2.32878 2.26713 2.20725 2.14908
2.09256 - 3 2.031611 1.98428 1.932113 1.88205 1.83308 1.7851<6 1.73922 1.691126 1.65055
1.60806 - 3 1.56674 1.52658 1.46752 1.44955 1.41262 1.37611 1.34118 1.30161 1.21417
1.2"263 - 3 1.21136 1.18095 1.15136 1.12251 1.091<55 1.06721 1.01+066 1.011172 9.89420 - I<
9.6H51< - I< 9.4070" 9.17253 6.94386 6.72090 6.503"9 6.29150 6.061<60 7.68325 1.66613
7."9511 - II 1.03668 6.60630 6.20224 5.62269 5.46610 5.12996 4.81336 4.51524 11.23456
3.91036 - 4 3.12173 3.4B762 3.26160 3.06090 2.66631 2.66353 2.51111 2.35029 2.19867

5.1869 - 3 5.0332 4.8843 1<.71<02 4.6007 4.4655 4.33H 4.2079 4.0851 3.9662
3.8510 - 3 3.7394 3.6312 3.5261<
3.~2119
3.3265 3.2311 3.1367 3.0"91 2.9622
2.6180 - 3 2.79611 2.1112 2.6405 2.5661 2."939 2.4239 2.3561 2.2902 2.2264
2.1644 - 3 2.1043 2.0460 1.9B91< 1.93"5 1.8613 1.8296 1.7794 1.1307 1.6635
1.6316 - 3 1.5931 1.5496 1.5018 1.11671 1.4215 1.3919 1.3512 1.3234 1.2901<
1.2582 - 3 1.2269 1.1963 1.1665 1.1374 1.1090 1.0614 1.05"1< 1.0261 1.0025
9.1152 - I< 9.1713 8.6160 8.0890 7.591<3 7.1554 6.71<04 6.31160 5.9112 5.6261
5.2956 - I< 4.9826 4.6811< 4.40B5 1<.1452 3.8961 3.6623 3.41111 3.2325 3.0356

~.2342 - 3
~.1087
3.9872 3.8696 3.1551 3.6453 3.5385 3.43S0 3.3348 3.2377
3.1437 - 3 3.0525 2.9643 2.8787 2.7958 2.7155 2.6376 2.5622 2.4690 2.1<181
2.31<911 - 3 2.2828 2.2181 2.1555 2.09118 2.0359 1.9767 1.9233 1.8696 1.81111
1.7669 - 3 1.7116 1.6102 1.62"0 1.5792 1.5357 1.1<935 1.1<526 1.11126 1.3H3
1.3366 - 3 1.3005 1.2652 1.2309 1.1916 1.1653 1.1363 1.1079 1.0803 1.0534
1.0271 - 3 1.0015 9.7656 - I< 9.5222 9.2848 9.0533 8.8276 6.6076 6.3930 6.1838
7.9797 - II 7.1<917 7.0335 6.6033 6.19911 5.8411 5.5023 5.1820 11.8793 4.5932
1<.3229 - I< 1<.0616 3.826" 3.598B 3.3638 3.1610 2.9896 2.8090 2.6368 2.11762

TABLE I. -Continued

51

GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

Temperature

Pressure

Density

Z, m H,m T,oK

t,OC TM , oK

P, mb

P, mm Hg

1:..
Po

p, kg m- 3

P Po

38000 38200 38"00 38600 38800 39000 39200 39"00 39600 39800
.. 0000 .. 0200 .. 0..00 .. 0600 .. 0800 111000 111200 .. 1.. 00 .. 1600 .. 1800
112000 .. 2200 .. 2.. 00 "2600 .. 2800 .. 3000 113200 .. 31100 .. 3600 .. 3eoo
.... 000 .... 200 ...... 00 11 .. 600 .... 800 .. 5000 .. 5200 .. 5.. 00 45600 1o5eoo
106000 .. 6200 .. 6.. 00 46600 .. 6eoo .. 7000 47200 117"00 .. 7600 Io7S00
108000 IIS200 1181100 48600 .. 8S00 109000 .. 9 2 0 0 119 .. 00 .. 9600 .. 9800
50000 50500 51000 51500 52000 52500 53000 53500 5.. 000 511500
55000 55500 56000 56500 51000 57500 58000 58500 59000 59500

3 1 7 7 .. 37912 38169 38361 38565 38162 38960 39157 39355 39552
39750 39941 .. 01 .. 5 1003 .. 2 405110 .. 0 1 3 7 .. 0 9 3 5 .. 1132 II 1329 .. 1527
.. 172.. 41922 .. 2119 .. 2316 .. 251 .. .. 2711 .. 2908 .. 3106 .. 3303 .. 3500
.. 3697 .. 3895 .. 4092 .... 289 ...... 86 .. 1168 .. .. 4881 .. 5078 .. 5275 1051172
.. 5669 .. 5867 1160611 .. 6261 .. 6.. 58 116655 "6852 470.. 9 .. 72116 .. 7.... 3
1176 .. 0 .. 7837 11803 .. 118231 1181126 118625 118822 119019 119216 1191113
.. 9610 50102 5059" 51066 51576 52070 52562 53053 535.. 5 5.. 037
511526 55020 55511 56002 561193 5 6 9 8 .. 571176 51966 581157 589"6

2..... 818 2"5.311 2 .. 5 . 9 2 .. 2"6."18 2"7.031 241.58" 2"8.137 2"8.690 2..9.2 .. 3 2"9.797
250.350 250.903 251."56 252.008 252.561 253.11" 253.667 2511.220 254.713 255.325
255.878 256."31 256.983 257.536 258.088 258.6111 259.193 259.1116 260.298 260.851
261."03 261.955 262.508 263.060 263.612 2611.16" 2611.716 265.268 265.820 266.313
266.925 267.1176 268.028 268.580 269.132 269.6811 270.236 210.650 270.650 270.650
270.650 270.650 270.650 270.650 270.650 270.650 270.650 270.650 270.650 270.650
270.650 270.650 270.650 210.650 270.650 270.510 269.527 268.5"3 267.560 266.577
265.59" 26".611 263.626 262.6"6 261.663 260.681 259.699 258.711 257.735 256.7510

-28.332 -21.719 -21.226 -26.612 -26.119 -25.566 -25.013 -2 ..... 60 -23.907 -23.353
-22.800 -22.2"7 -21.69" -21.1"2 -20.589 -20.036 -19.483 -18.930 -18.377 -17.825
-17 .272 -16.719 -16.167 -15.61" -15.062 -111.509 -13.957 -13."0" -12.852 -12.299
-11.7117 -11.195 -10.6"2 -10.090
-9.538 -8.986 -8."3" -7.882 -7.330 -6.777
-6.225 -5.67" -5.122 - ... 570 -11.016 -3.1166 -2.91" -2.500 -2.500 -2.500
-2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500
-2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.500 -2.6110 -3.623 -4.607 -5.590 -6.573
-7.556 -8.539 -9.522 -10.50" -11.1067 -12."69 -13."51 -111."33 -15."15 -16.396

2..... 818 2"5.311 2"5.92" 2"6.418 241.031 2"1.58" 2"8.137 2"8.690 2.. 9.2 .. 3 2"9.797
250.350 250.903 251.456 252.008 252.561 253.1111 253.667 25".220 25".773 255.325
255.878 256.431 256.983 257.536 258.088 258.6111 259.193 259.7"6 260.298 260.851
261 ...03 261.955 262.508 263.060 263.612 26".16" 26".716 265.268 265.820 266.373
266.925 267.1076 268.028 268.580 269.132 269.6811 210.236 270.650 270.650 270.650
270.650 270.650 270.650 270.650 270.650 270.650 270.650 270.650 270.650 270.650
270.650 270.650 270.650 270.650 270.650 270.510 269.527 268.5"3 267.560 266.577
265.59" 26".611 263.628 262.6116 261.663 260.681 259.699 258.717 257.135 256.75"

3.77138 + 0 3.66891 3.569"5 3."1291 3.31919 3.28821 3.19988 3.11"11 3.0308" 2.9"997
2.871113 + 0 2.79516 2.72108 2.6"913 2.57923 2.51133 2..... 536 2.38126 2.31899 2.258"7
2.19967 + 0 2.1 .. 252 2.08698 2.03299 1.98052 1.92951 1.87992 1.83172 1.18"85 1.13921
1.69..96 + 0 1.65181 1.60996 1.56921 1.52957 1."9101 1.45351 1.41702 1.38153 1.311100
1.313.. 0 + 0 1.28012 1.211891 1.21795 1.18783 1.15851 1.12998 1.10220 1.07512 1.0"871
1.02296 + 0 9.97830 - 1 9.7332" 9.491122 9.26107 9.03367 8.81186 8 .59552 8.3811"9 8.17867
- 7.91790 1
7 ...973..
7.0"580 6.62151 6.22283 5.S"621 5.1195110 5.16215 1t.811917 11.5536"
- 11.27516 1
... 01282 3.76512 3.53304 3.31397 3.10717 2.91373 2.73116 2.559112 2.39792

2.82877 + 0 2.75191 2.61131 2.60"89 2.53"60 2."6636 2."0011 2.33578 2.27331 2.21266
2.15375 + 0 2.0965" 2.011098 1.9870 I 1.93"58 1.88365 1.83"17 1.78609 1.73938 1.69399
1.6"989 + 0 1.60702 1.56536 1.52487 1.116551 1.1111125 1.111006 1.31390 1.33875 1.30"56
1.27133 + 0 1.23900 1.20751 1.17100 1.111121 1.11835 1.09022 1.06286 1.03623 1.01033
9.85135 - 1 9.60615 9.36756 9.13539 8.9091111 8.6895" 8.117551 8.26717 8.061109 7.86600
1.67219 - I
7."S"311 7.30053 7.12125 6.911638 6.1758T 6.609 .... 6 ..... 117 6.28889 6.13"50
- 5.98392 I
5.623117 5.281178 ... 966511 11.66751 ... 38651 11.12189 3.87238 3.63718
3."'55'
- 3.206610 I
3.00986 2.821152 2.65000 2."8568 2.33102 2.185"8 2.0"8511 1.91912 1.79858

3.72206 - 3 3.62093 3.52277 3 . . . 2 1 .. 9 3.33500 3.2"521 3.15803 3.07339 2.99120 2.91139
2.83389 - 3 2.75861 2.68550 2.61448 2.5"550 2... 18..9 2."1338 2.35012 2.28866 2.2289"
2.17090 - 3 2.11"50 2.05969 2.006111 1.951162 1.901128 1.855311 1.80776 1.76151 1.71653
1.67280 - 3 1.63027 1.58891 1.5"869 1.50957 1."7151 I. "3 .. 50 1.398"9 1.363117 1.32939
1.29623 - 3 1.26397 1.23257 1.20202 1.17229 1.111336 1.11520 1.06779 1.06106 1.03500
.. 1.00958 - 3
9.8"182 9.60597 9.37006 9.13997 8.9155" 8.69663 8.1183 11 8.271185 8.07172
- 7.87358 ..
7.39930 6.95366 6.53"92 6.''''116 5.17173 5."2353 5.095211 4.76576 ..... 91109
".21926 - II 3.960311 3.716118 3.1186811 3.270610 3.06713 2.87563 2.695411 2.52595 2.36656

5.3666 - 3 5.2090 5.056" ".9086 ".165"
"....6..2n61..
... 3623 11.2362 ".11 .. 0
3.9957 - 3 3.8810 3.7698 3.6621 3.5576 3.1156" 3.3583 3.2631 3.1709 3.0815
2.99"8 - 3 2.9107 2.8291 2.7500 2.6733 2.5989 2.5267 2.11567 2.3887 2.3228
2.2589 - 3 2.1968 2.1365 2.0181 2.02111 1.9663 1.9128 1.8609 1.8106 1.7616
1.11"1 - 3 1.6680 1.6233 1.5198 1.5375 1.11965 1.11567 1.11167 1.3638 1.31199
1.3167 - 3 1.2811" 1.2528 1.2221 1.1920 1.1628 1.13"2 1.10611 1.0792 1.0527
. 1.0269 - 3
9.6502 9.0690 8.5229 8.0097 1.531" 7.1029 6.697" 6.3137 5.9508
..- 5.6075
5.2830 11.9762 4.6862 11.11121 ".1532 3.9086 3.6176 3.1059" 3.2535

".3809 - 3 ".2522 ".1216 ".0070 3.8901 3.7169 3.6673 3.5610 3."581 3.35811
3.2618 - 3 3.1681 3.0714 2.989" 2.90"2 2.8216 2.7"'5 2.6638 2.5885 2.5155
2.......7 - 3 2.3761 2.3095 2.2 ....9 2.1823 2.1215 2.0626 2.0055 1.9500 1.8962
1.8....0 - 3 1.7933 1.14"1 1.69611 1.6501 1.6051 1.56 I 5 1.5191 1.11780 1."381
1.3993 - 3 1.3617 1.3251 1.2896 1.255 I 1.2216 1.169 I 1. 1581 1.1291 1.1019
1.07"9 - 3 1.01165 1. 0221 9.9759 - II 9.7310 9."920 9.2590 9.0316 8.8099 8.5936
..- 8.3827
7.8777 7."033 6.9575 6.5366 6.11181 5.7983 5."673 5.15'" ".8578
.- ".5176
11.3126 4.0622 3.8254 3.6017 3.3903 3.1907 3.0021 2.82"0 2.6559

S2

TABLE I.-Concluded

GEOPOTENTIAL ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

H, m Z, m

60000 60500 61000 61500 62000 62500 63000 63500 6.. 000 6.. 500
65000 65500 66000 66500 67000 67500 68000 68500 69000 69500
70000 10500 71000 71500 72000 72500 73000 73500 7.. 000 710500
75000 75500 76000 76500 17000 17500 78000 78500 79000 79500
80000 80500 BIOOO 81500 82000 82500 83000 83500
e..ooo
8.. 500
85000 85500 86000 86500 87000 87500 88000 88500 89000 89500
90000

60572 61081 61591 62101 62611 63121 63631 6.. 1.. 1 611651 65161
65672 66182 66693 67203 677111 68225 68735 692 .. 6 69757 70268
70780 71291 71802 723110 72825 73337 73848 7.. 360 7.. 872 75384
75896 76408 76920 77 .. 32 779 .... 78 .. 57 78969 79 .. 82 799911 80507
81020 81533 B20 .. 6 B2559 83072 83585 B.. 098 84612 85125 85639
86152 8666/, 87180 B7693 8B201 88721 99236 89750 902611 90778
91293

Temperature

Pressure

Density

T,oK
254.650 253.650 252.650 250.650 2"8.650 2"6.650 2111i.650 2"2.650 2110.650 238.650
236.650 23".650 232.650 230.650 228.650 226.650 22".650 222.650 220.650 218.650
216.650 21".650 212.650 210.650 208.650 206.650 20".650 202.650 200.650 198.650
196.65 19".65 192.65 190.65 188.65 186.65 18".65 182.65 180.65 180.65
180.65 180.65 IBO.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 IBO.65 180.65
lBO.65 180.65 180.65 IBO.65 lBO.65 180.65 IBO.65 180.65 181."11 182.97
18".51

t,OC TM' oK

P, mb

P, mm Hg

...E..
Po

p, kg m- 3

-18.500 -19.500 -20.500 -22.500 -24.500 -26.500 -28.500 -30.500 -32.500 -311.500
-36.500 -38.500 -40.500 -42.500 - ..... 500 -46.500 -48.500 -50.500 -52.500 -5... 500
-56.500 -58.500 -60.500 -62.500 -6".500 -66.500 -68.500 -70.500 -72.500 -7... 500
-76.50 -78.50 -80.50 -82.50 -8".50 -86.50 -88.50 -90.50 -92.50 -92.50
-92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50
-92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -91.71 -90.18
-8B.611

25".650 253.650 252.650 250.650 2"8.650 2"6.650 21111.650 2"2.650 240.650 238.650
236.650 23".650 232.650 230.650 228.650 226.650 22".650 222.650 220.650 218.650
216.650 214.650 212.650 210.650 208.650 206.650 20".650 202.650 200.650 198.650
196.65 19".65 192.65 190.65 188.65 186.65 18".65 182.65 180.65 180.65
180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 lBO.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65
180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 181.111; 182.98
18".53

- 2.0835.. 1
1.9"810 1.82099 1.701"8 1.58896 1."8305 1.383113 1.28976 1.201n 1.11906
1.0.. 1.. 5 - 1 9.68630 - 2 9.003"2 8.363110 7.76389 7.20265 6.67753 6.18651 5.72765 5.29910
4.89912 - 2 ".52603 ".17825 3.85428 3.55270 3.2721 .. 3.01133 2.76905 2.5.... 15 2.33552
2.1"22 - 2 1.9631 1.7973 1.6.... 1 1.502" 1.3717 1.2511 1.11100 1.0317 9.....07 - 3
8.5890 - 3 7.81"0 7.1090 6."676 5.88"1 5.3532 II.B702 ..... 308 ".0310 3.667"
3.3365 - 3 3.035" 2.7616 2.512" 2.2857 2.0795 1.8919 1.7212 1.5661 1.11259
1.29911 - 3

1.56278 - 1 1.46120 1.36585 1.27622 1.19182 1.11238 1.03766 9.671102 - 2 9.01379 8.39367
7.81153 - 2 7.26533 6.75312 6.27307 5.823"0 5.40243 5.00856 ".6 .. 027 ".29609 3.97"65
3.67..6.. - 2 3.391180· 3.13395 2.89095 2.6610711 2.45"31 2.25869 2.01696 1.90827 1.75179
1.6067 - 2 1.472" 1.3481 1.2331 1.1269 1.0289 9.38113 - 3 8.5508 7.783" 7.0811
6..... 22 - 3 5.8610 5.3322 ".8511 ..... 13.. ... 0152 3.6530 3.32311 3.0235 2.7507
2.5026 - 3 2.2768 2.07111 1.88115 1.7111" 1.5598 1."190 1.2910 1.1746 1.0695
.. 9.7"59 -

- 2.05629 ..
1.92263 1.79718 1.67923 1.56818 1.46366 1.3653" 1.27290 1.18603 1.10.... 3
.. 1.02783 -
9.559611 - 5 8.88569 8.251004 7.66237 7.108"6 6.59021 6.10561 5.65275 5.22981
".83505 - 5 ..... 668.. ".12361 3.80388 3.5062" 3.22935 2.97196 2.7328" 2.51088 2.30498
2.1111 I - 5 1.9374 1.7738 1.6226 1."828 1.3538 1.23"8 1.1251 1.02"1 9.3173 - 6
8."766 - 6 7.711 8 7.0161 6.3830 5.8071 5.2832 ".8065 ... 3729 3.9783 3.6191;
3.2928 - 6 2.9957 2.7255 2.10796 2.2558 2.0523 I.B671 1.6987 1.5"56 1.4073
1.28211 - 6

- 2.8503 ..
2.6756 2.5109 2.36118 2.2262 2.09"7 1.9699 1.8517 1.7397 1.6335
1.5331 - II 1.4381 1.3482 1.2632 1.1829 1.1071 1.0355 9.6797 - 5 9.0430 8.4"29
7.8777 - 5 7.3456 6.8.... 9 6.37"1 5.9317 5.5161 5.1261 ... 7602 ..... 111 11.0958
3.795 - 5 3.513 3.250 3.00" 2.77" 2.560 2.360 2.17" 2.001 1.821
1.656 - 5 1.507 1.371 1.2"7 1.135 1.032 9.392 - 6 8.5.... 7.771; 7.072
6 ...3.. - 6 5.8511 5.325 11.8.. 5 11."08 ... 010 3.61;8 3.319 3.007 2.715
2."53 - 6

P Po
..- 2.3268
2.18"1 2.0"97 1.9305 1.8173 1.7099 1.60S1 1.5116 1."201 1.3335
1.2515 - II 1.1739 1.1005 1.0312 9.6563 - 5 9.0373 8.4530 7.9018 7.3820 6.8922
6.4307 - 5 5.996" 5.5877 5.203" ".8422 ".5030 " . 1 8 .. 6 3.8859 3.6058 3.3435
3.098 - 5 2.868 2.653 2."52 2.265 2.090 1.927 1.775 1.6311 1."86
1.352 - 5 1.230 1.119 1.018 9.263 - 6 8."27 7.667 6.975 6.3"6 5.773
5.252 - 6 ... 778 11.347 3.955 3.598 3.27" 2.978 2.710 2.1155 2.216
2.002 - 6

TABLE I. -Continued

53

GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

Z, m H,m

60000 60500 61000 61500 62000 62500 63000 63500 6 .. 000 6.. 500
65000 65500 66000 66500 67000 67500 68000 68500 69000 69500
10000 70500 71000 71500 72000 72500 73000 73500 1.. 000 711500
75000 75500 76000 76500 77000 77500 18000 18500 79000 79500
80000 80500 81000 81500 82000 82500 83000 83500 8.. 000 8.. 500
85000 85500 86eoo 86500 87COO 87500 68000 88500 89000 89500
90000

59 .. 39 59930 60"20 60911 61 .. 01 61891 62382 62872 63362 63652
6.. 3..2 6.. 832 65322 65811 66301 66791 67280 67770 68259 68748
69237 69727 70216 70705 71193 71682 72171 72660 731 .. 8 73637
7It125 7116111 75102 75590 76078 76566 770511 775.. 2 18030 78518
79006 79 ..93 79981 80 .. 6 8 80956 81 .... 3 81930 82 .. 17 829011 83391
83878 8.. 365 6.. 852 85339 85825 86312 8679B 87285 87771 88257
887113

Temperature

Pressure

Density

T, OK
255.712 25".791 253.810 252.829 251.046 2 .. 9.08" 2"7.123 2"5.163 2"3.202 2.. 1.2 .. 2
239.282 237.323 235.363 233 ...0.. 231 .....6 229."87 227.529 225.572 223.61" 221.657
219.700 217. TIt.. 215.788 213.832 211.876 209.921 207.966 206.011 20".057 202.103
200.15 198.20 196.211 19".29 192.34 190.38 188."3 186."8 18".53 182.58
180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65
180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65
180.65

t,OC
-17.378 -18.359 -19.31<0 -20.321 -22.104 -2".066 -26.027 -27.987 -29.9"8 -31.908
-31.868 -35.827 -37.787 -39.7It6 -"1.70" -"3.663 -"5.621 -H.578 -"9.536 -51.493
-53.450 -55."06 -57.362 -59.318 -61.2T1t -63.229 -65.18" -61.139 -69.093 -71.0"7
-73.00 -110.95 -76.91 -18.86 -80.81 -82.77 -8".72 -86.67 -88.62 -90.57
-92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92. SO -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50
-92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50 -92.50
-92.50

T M, oK
255.772 25".791 253.810 252.829 251.0"6 2.. 9.08.. 2"7.123 2"5.163 2"3.202 2"1.2"2
239.262 237.323 235.363 233 ...0.. 231 ..... 6 229.487 227.529 225.572 223.61" 221.657
219.700 2 17. TIt .. 215.788 213.832 211.876 209.921 207.966 206.011 20".057 202.103
200.15 198.20 196.2" 19".29 192.3" 190.38 188."3 186.118 18".53 182.58
180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65
180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65 180.65
180.65

P, mb
- 2.2"606 I
2.10332 1.96917 1.8"312 1.72"57 1.61283 1.50754 1."0638 1.3150" 1.22722
1.1 .... 63 - I
1.06700 9.9"067 - 2 9.25581 8.61305 8.01011 7 ....... 83 6.91514 6."1909 5.95479
5.520"7 - 2 5.11 .... 1 ".73502 ".38075 ... 05013 3.7"179 3... 5.... 1 3.18673 2.93758 2.70581
2.1190" - 2 2.2903 2.10"5 1.9322 1.7725 1.62"6 1."877 1.3611 1.2.... 2 1.1362
1.0366 - 2 9.11530 - 3 8.620" 7.8612 7.1691 6.5379 5.962" 5."377 ... 9592 11.5228
... 1250 - 3 3.7621 3."313 3.1295 2 . 8 5 .... 2.6035 2.37"6 2.1660 1.9756 1.8021
1.6"38 - 3

P, mm Hg
""-
1.68"69 - I
1.57762 1."7700 1.382"6 1.29353 1.20972 1.13075 1.05637 9.8636" - 2 9.20"92
8.585"5 - 2 8.00317 7."5612 6.9 .. 2.. 3 6.46032 6.00807 5.58408 5.18678 ".81471 4... 66.. 6
".1 ..069 - 2 3.83613 3.55156 3.28583 3.03785 2.80658 2.59102 2.39025 2.20336 2.02953
1.8679 - 2 1.7178 1.5785 1.....93 1.3295 1.2186 1.1159 1.0209 9.3322 - 3 8.5223
7.7752 - 3 7.0903 6."658 5.896" 5.3772 ... 9038 II ... 722 11.0786 3.7197 3.39211
3.09"0 - 3 2.8218 2.5737 2.3.. 7.. 2.1"10 1.9528 1.7811 1.62"6 1."819 1.3517
1.2329 - 3

E..
Po
- 2.21669 ..
2.07582 1.9 .. 3..2 1.81902 1.70202 1.5917" 1."8783 1.36997 1.29765 1.21117
. 1.12966 -
1.05305 9.81068 - 5 9.13"78 8.500"2 7.90536 7.3"71<7 6.82472 6.33515 5.87692
5.4"828 - 5 5.0"753 ".67310 " . 3 2 3 .. 6 3.99717 3.69286 3... 092 .. 3.111506 2.89916 2.670"3
2."578 - 5 2.2603 2.0770 1.9069 1.7"93 1.603" 1."683 1.3"33 1.2279 1.121"
1.0231 - 5 9.3293 - 6 8.5076 7.758" 7.0753 6 ... 52 .. 5.88"5 5.3666 ".89.. 3 ..... 637
4.0710 - 6 3.7129 3.386" 3.0886 2.8171 2.569" 2.3"36 2.1376 1.91198 1.7785
1.6223 - 6

p, kg m- 3
3.0592 - .. 2.8758 2.7028 2.5396 2.3931 2.2557 2.1252 2.0013 1.8837 1.7122
.- 1.6665
1.5663 1."713 1.3815 1.296" 1.2160 1.1399 1.0680 1.0000 9.3589 - 5
8.7535 - 5 8.1825 7.6.... 2 7.1370 6.6593 6.2096 5.7866 5.3888 5.0151 ".66111
".335 - 5 ... 026 3.736 3."65 3.210 2.973 2.750 2.5"3 2.3"9 2.168
1.999 - 5 1.823 1.662 1.516 1.382 1.261 1.150 1.0"9 9.563 - 6 8.722
7.955 - 6 7.255 6.617 6.035 5.50" 5.021 ".579 ".177 3.810 3.1t75
3.170 - 6

P Po
2."973 - .. 2.31<76 2.206" 2.0731 1.9536 1.8 .. 1.. 1.73"8 1.6337 1.5371 1.....67
.- 1.360"
1.2786 1.2011 1.1271 1.0583 9.9262 - 5 9.3051 8.7180 8.1635 7.6399
7.1"57 - 5 6.6796 6.2"02 5.8261 5."361 5.0691 ".7237 ".3990 ".0939 3.807"
3.538 - 5 3.286 3.050 2.828 2.621 2."27 2.2"5 2.076 1.917 1.710
1.632 - 5 1.1188 1.357 1.238 1.129 1.029 9.386 - 6 8.560 7.807 7.120
6 ... 9.. - 6 5.922 5."02 ".927 ..... 93 11.098 3.738 3."10 3.110 2.837
2.588 - 6

54

TABLE I. -Continued

GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

Temperature

Pressure

Density

Z, m H,m T,oK

t,OC TM, oK

P, mb

P, mm Hg

..£...
Po

p. kg m-3

P Po

90000 90500 91COO 91500 92000 92500 93000 93500 9"000 9 .. 500
95000 95500 96000 96500 91000 91500 98000 96500 99000 99500
100000 lCIOOO IC2COO 103000 10"000 105000 lC6000 107000 108000 109000
110000 111000 112000 113000 1111000 115000 116000 117COO 118000 119000
120000 121000 122000 123000 124000 125000 126000 127000 128000 129QOO
130000 131000 132000 133000 134000 135000 136000 137000 138000 139000
1110000 141000 1102000 1.. 3000 1101,000 1 .. 5COO 1.. 6000 1107000 148000 149000
150000 151000 152000 153000 15 .. 000 155000 156000 157000 158COO 159000

881163 89229 89115 90201 90681 91113 91659 921 .... 92630 93116
93601 9"086 9.. 512 95051 955 .. 2 96021 96512 96997 971182 97966
981+51 991120 100389 101357 102326 10329 .. 10.. 261 105228 106195 107162
108129 109095 110060 111026 111991 112956 113921 1111885 1158119 116813
117776 118739 119702 120665 121627 122589 123551 12 .. 512 125473 126113 ..
12739 .. 12835 .. 129314 13027 .. 131233 132192 133151 13~ 109 135067 136025
136983
1379~0
138897 139853 140810 , .. 1766 142721 1113677 1.... 632 , .. 5587
1.. 6511 I 11071196 148 ..50 149403 150357 151310 152263 153215 1511 167 155119

180.65 182.1" 183.63 185.13 186.62 188.10 189.59 191.08 192.56 19".0"
195.51 196.98 198."5 199.92 201.31 202.83 20".28 205.72 207.16 208.60
210.02 21".86 219.66 22 ..... 3 229.18 233.90 238.58 2113.23 2117.85 252 .....
257.00 266 ..... 275.85 285.20 2911.52 303.78 313.01 322.-'9 331.33 3"0.113
3119.119 368.19 386.83 .. 05.40 "23.90 .... 2.35 .. 60.73 479.07 "97.36 515.60
533.60 551.91 570.09 588.19 606.26 624.30 61,2.32 660.32 678.31 696.27
7111.22 732.16 750.08 767.98 785.87 803.7" 821.60 839.1+3 857.2" 875.03
892.19 905.88 918.9" 931.97 944.98 957.9" 970.88 983.78 996.6" 1009."5

-92.50 -91.01 -89.52 -88.02 -86.53 -85.05 -83.56 -82.01 -80.59 -19.11
-77 .64 -16.17 -74.10 -73.23 -71.18 -70.32 -68.87 -67.113 -65.99 -6... 55
-63.13 -58.29 -53'''9 -"8.72 - ..3.91 -39.25 -31t.57 -29.92 -25.30 -20.71
-16.15 -6.71 2.70 12.05 21.31 30.63 39.86 49.0" 58.18 67.28
76.3" 95.0 .. 113.68 132.25 150.75 169.20 187.58 205.92 22".21 2 .. 2 ... 5
260.65 278.82 296.9" 3 1 5 . 0 .. 333.11 351.15 369.17 387.17 405.16 423.12
4"1.07 459.01 "76.93 ~9 ... 83 512.72 530.59 548.1+5 566.28 5811.09 601.B8
619.6" 632.73 61,5.79 658.82 671.83 6811.79 697.73 710.63 723."9 736.30

180.65 182.15 183.65 185.15 186.65 18B.15 189.65 191.15 192.65 194.15
195.65 191.15 198.65 200.15 201.65 203.15 2011.65 206.15 207.65 209.15
210.65 215.65 220.65 225.65 230.65 235.65 2110.65 21+5.65 250.65 255.65
260.65 270.65 280.65 290.65 300.65 310.65 320.65 330.65
3~0.65
350.65
360.65 380.65 400.65 "20.65 "110.65 "60.65 .. 8 0 . 6 5 500.65 520.65 5"0.65
560.65 580.65 600.65 620.65 640.65 660.65 680.65 700.65 720.65
7~0.65
760.65 780.65 800.65 820.65 840.65 860.65 880.65 900.65 920.65 9110.65
960.65 975.65 990.65 1005.65 1020.65 1035.65 1050.65 1065.65 1080.65 1095.65

1.6"38 - 3 1.5000 1.3698 1.2519 1.1 .... 9
..- 1.0"19
9.5911 8.1968 8.0683
1."052

- 6.8012

..

6.2506

5.11+83

5.2891

4.8709

".11880

... 1377

3.8171

3.5235

3.25"3

3.0075 - 4 2.51168
2.2123
1.901" 1.6500
1."318 1.2"62 1.0879
9.5225 - 5 8.3578

7.35"4 - 5 6.4951 5.7623 5.1338 ".5919
".122" 3.7137 3.3563 3.0"26 2.7662

2.5217 - 5 2.30710 2.1210 1.9518 1.8139 1.6863 1.5726
1."707 1.3791
1.296"

1.221" - 5 1.1532
1.0909 1.0339 9.8151 - 6 9.3330 8.8882
B.4766 8.0950
7.7"05

7."'04 - 6 7.1025 6.8148 6.51155 6.2931
6.0560 5.8331 5.6232
5."252 5.238"

5.0617 - 6 4.8941 4.7345
... 5825
11.4375
".2992 4.1671
4.0"09 3.9202
3.80~8

1.2329 - 3 1.1251 1.021" 9.3898 - Ii 8.5811 1.8599 1.1989 6.5981 6.0511 5.55 ....
5.1013 - 4 ... 6883 ... 3116 3.9616 3.6535 3.3663 3.1036 2.8631 2.6"28 2.111+09
2.2558 - ..
1.9312 1.659" 1.1+307 1.2376 1.0139 9.31175 - 5 8.1596 7.1"25 6.26e9
5.5163 - 5 ... 8717 ... 3220 3.8507
3.~""2
3.0921 2.7855 2.5175 2.2622
2.07~8
1.891" - 5 1.7307 1.5909 1 ... 66 .. 1.3605 1.26"8 1.1795 1.1031 1.03 .... 9.7239 - 6
9.1613 - 6 8.6"95 8.1823
7.75~6
7.3619 7.000" 6.6667 6.3580 6.0718 5.8058
5.5582 - 6 5.3273 5.1115 ... 9095 ... 7202
".542" ".3752 4.2177 4.0693 3.9291
3.7966 - 6 3.6709 3.5512 3.4371 3.32S4 3.2246 3.1256 3.0309 2.9 .. 0 .. 2.8536

1.6223 - 6 1."80" 1.3519 1.2355 1.1300 1.03"2 9.11722 - 1 8.6818 1.9628 7.308"
6.1122 - 7 6.1688 5.6131 5.2206 ... 8072 ".11293 ... 0836 3.7672 3 ... 71 .. 3.2117
2.9681 - 7 2.5"11 2.183" 1.8825 1.628" 1.11131 1.2299 1.0136 9.3980 - 8 8.2"85
7.2582 - 8 6."'01 5.6869 5.0666 ".5319 ... 0685 3.6651 3.3125 3.0029 2.7300
2.4887 - 8 2.2772 2.0933 1.9322 1.1901 1.6642 1.5520 1."515 1.3611 1.2795
1.205~ - 8 1.1381 1.0766 1.0203 9.6867 - 9 9.2110 B.7719 6.3658 7.9892 7.6393
7.3135 - 9 7.0096 6.7257 6."599 6.2108 5.9768 5.1566 5.5496 5.35"3 5.1699
4.9955 - 9 ... 8301 4.6126 1,.5225 4.3195 ... 2429 10.1126 3.9860 3.8690 3.7550

3.110 - 6 2.B69 2.598 2.355 2.131 1.9"0 1.163 1.603 1."59 1.329
1.211 - 6 1.10" 1.00B 9.201 - 1 8."15 7.696 7.0 .... 6."50 5.911 5."20
4.97" - 1 ".159 3."93 2.9"5 2."92 2.117 1.8011 1.5"3 1.323 1.139
9.829 - 8 8.360 7.153 6.153 5.321 4.623
~.035
3.536 3.112 2.748
2.~36 - 8 2.112
1.8"~
1.621 1 ... 3.. 1.275 1.1"0 1.023 9.228 - 9 8.353
7.589 - 9 6.919 6.327 5.803 5.337 4.921 4.5"9 4.215 3.913 3.641
3.394 - 9 3.170 2.965 2.779 2.608 2."51 2.307 2.175 2.053 1.9"0
1.836 - 9 1.741 1.665 1.587 1.515 1 ... 46 1.382 1.321 1.264 1.210

2.5BB - 6 2.3"2 2.121 1.923 1.1 .... 1.58 .. 1.439 1.309 1.191 1.085
9.886 - 1 9.016 8.229 1.516 6.869 6.283 5.750 5.266 ".825 4.1125
4.060 - 1 3.395 2.851 2 ... 0 .. 2.03" 1.128 1.1+73 1.259 1.080 9.297 - 8
8.02" - 8 6.825 5.839 5.023
".3~3
3.77" 3.29" 2.8B7
2.5~0
2.243
1.988 - 8 1.72" 1.506 1.32" 1.171 1.041 9.30 .. - 9 6 . 3 5 .. 7.533 6.819
6.195 - 9 5.6.. 8 5.165 ~. 737 ".357 4.017 3.714 3 ..... 1 3.194 2.972
2.770 - 9 2.587 2.1121 2.268 2.129 2.001 I.B8 .. 1.776 1.676 1.58"
1.498 - 9 1."27 1.359 1.296 1.236 1.181 1.128 1.018 1.032 9.876 -10

TABLE I. -Continued

55

GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

Temperature

Pressure

Density

Z, m H,m T,oK

t,OC TM, oK

P, mb

P, mm Hg

..e...
Po

p, kg m- 3

P Po

160000 161000 162000 163000 1610000 165000 166000 167000 168000 169000
170000 171000 172000 113000 17.. 000 175000 176000 117000 178000 179000
180000 181000 182000 183000 1811000 185000 186000 187000 188000 189000
190000 191000 192000 193000 19.. 000 195000 196000 197000 198000 199000
200000 201COO 202000 203000 20 ..000 205000 206000 207000 2C8000 209000
210000 211000 212000 213000 214000 215COO 216000 217000 218000 219000
220000 221000 222000 223000 22 .. COO 225000 226000 221000 228000 229000
230000 231000 232000 233000 2310000 235000 236000 237000 238000 239000

156071 157022 157973 158924 15987 .. 160825 161775 162724 163673 164622
165571 166520 1671168 168 .. 16 169363 170310 171257 172204 173150 17.. 097
1750 .. 2 175988 176933 177878 176623 179767 180711 181655 182598 183542
18 .... 85 185427 186370 187312 188253 189195 190136 191077 192018 192958
193898 19 .. 838 195777 196716 197655 1 9 8 5 9 .. 199532 200470 201 .. 08 2023.. 6
203283 20.. 220 205156 206093 207029 20196 .. 208900 209835 210710 211705
212639 213513 214501 215 .... 0 21637" 217306 218239 219171 2201010 221035
221961 222698 223829 2211760 225690 226620 227550 2281179 229_09 230338

1022.23 1030.37 1038."9 10"6.59 105".67 1062.711 1070.81 1078.90 1087.01 1095.17
1105.51 1110.62 1115.73 1120.82 1125.90 1130.97 1136.02 11"1.07 1146.10 1151.12
1156.12 1161.12 1166.10 1171.07 1176.03 11 80. 97 1185.90 1190.82 1195.73 1200.62
1205.50 1206.59 1211.66 1214.73 1217.79 1220.8" 1223.88 1226.91 1229.93 1232.95
1235.95 1238.95 12 .. 1.9.. 12 ..... 91 12117.88 1250.8" 1253.79 1256.73 1259.66 1262.58
1265."9 1268."0 1271.29 127".17 1277.05 1279.91 1282.76 1285.61 1288.105 1291.27
129".09 1296.89 1299.69 1302."7 1305.25 1308.02 1310.77 1313.52 1316.26 1318.99
1321.10 1323.56 1325.41 1327.25 1329.0B 1330.90 1332.12 133".52 1336.32 1338.11

7"9.08 757.22 765.3" 773.4" 781.52 789.59 797.66 805.75 813.86 822.02
832.36 837.47 8"2.58 8117.67 852.75 857.82 862.87 867.92 872.95 877.97
882.97 887.97 892.95 897.92 902.88 907.82 912.75 917.67 922.58 927.47
932.35 935.11" 938.51 9"1.58 9..... 6.. 9117.69 950.73 953.76 956.78 959.80
962.80 965.80 968.79 971.76 97".73 977.69 980.6" 983.58 986.51 989."3
992.3" 995.25 996.1" 1001.02 1003.90 1006.16 1009.61 1012.46 1015.30 1018.12
1020.910 1023.74 1026.54 1029.32 1032.10 103".81 1031.62 10100.37 10"3.11 1045.84
10lt8.55 1050.41 1052.26 1054.10 1055.93 1051.15 1059.51 1061.37 1063.11 106".96

1110.65 1120.65 1130.65 1140.65 1150.65 1160.65 1170.65 1180.65 1190.65 1200.65
1210.65 1217.65 1224.65 1231.65 1238.65 12"5.65 1252.65 1259.65 1266.65 1273.65
1280.65 1287.65 129".65 1301.65 1306.65 1315.65 1322.65 1329.65 1336.65 1343.65
1350.65 1355.65 1360.65 1365.65 1370.65 1375.65 1380.65 1385.65 1390.65 1395.65
1"00.65 1"05.65 1"10.65 1"15.65 1"20.65 1"25.65 1"30.65 1"35.65 1.... 0 . 6 5 1.... 5.65
1"50.65 1"55.65 1"60.65 1"65.65 1"70.65 11075.65 1"80.65 1"85.65 1"90.65 1"95.65
1500.65 1505.65 1510.65 1515.65 1520.65 1525.65 1530.65 1535.65 1540.65 1545.65
1550.65 1554.65 1558.65 1562.65 1566.65 1570.65 1574.65 1578.65 1582.65 1586.65

3.69"3 - 6 3.5882 3.4861 3.3878 3.2932 3.2019 3.1140 3.0293 2.91175 2.8687
2.7926 - 6 2.7191 2.61179 2.5790 2.5123 2."477 2.3851 2.3245 2.2657 2.2088
2.1536 - 6 2.1001 2.0"82 1.9979 1.9491 1.9018 1.8559 1.8113 1.7680 1.7260
1.6852 - 6 1.6"56 1.6070 1.5695 1.5331 1."976 1."630 1.429" 1.3967 1.36"9
1.3339 - 6 1.3037 1.27"3 1.2"57 1.2179 1.1907 1.16"3 1.1386 1.1135 1.0890
1.0652 - 6 1.0.. 20 1.019" 9.9735 - 1 9.7586 9.5"91 9 . 3.... 9 9.1 .. 57 8.9515 8.7621
8.57711 - 1 8.3973 8.2215 8.0500 7.8827 1.1195 1.5602 7 ...0 .. 8 7.2531 1.1050
6.960" - 1 6.8193 6.6813 6.5_66 6 ... 150 6.2863 6.1606 6.0378 5.9177 5.80010

2.7709 - 6 2.691" 2.61118 2.5411 2.11701 2."017 2.3357 2.2721 2.2108 2.1517
2.0946 - 6 2.0395 1.9861 1.934" 1.88 .... 1.8359 1.7890 1.7435 1.699" 1.6567
1.6153 - 6 1.5752 1.5363 1."986 1.11620 1.4265 1.3920 1.3586 1.3261 1.29"6
1.26"0 - 6 1.23"3 1.2054 1.1773 1.1"99 1.1233 1.0974 1.0722 1.0"76 1.0237
1.0005 - 6 9.7786 - 7 9.5563 9.3"37 9.13"7 8.9312 8.7330 8.5398 8.3517 8.16S"
7.9698 - 7 7.8157 7.6"61 7."801 7.3196 7.16210 7.0092 6.8599 6.71"2 6.5721
6."336 - 1 6.2985 6.1666 6.0380 5.9125 5.7901 5.6706 5.55"0 5 ..... 02 5.3292
5.2207 - 1 5.11109 5.0114 4.910_ ".8116 4.7151 4.6208 4.5287 ..... 387 4.3507

3.6"60 - 9 3.5413 3.4405
3.3 .. n
3.2501 3.1601 3.0733 2.9897 2.9090 2.8312
2.7561 - 9 2.6835 2.6133 2.51153 2.4794 2.4157 2.3539 2.2941 2.2361 2.1799
2.1254 - 9 2.0726 2.02111 1.9718 1.9236 1.8769 1.8316 1.7876 1.7 .... 9 1.703"
1.6632 - 9 1.62111 1.5860 1.5"90 1.5130 1." 780 1..... 39 1.4107 1.3785 1.3"70
1.316" - 9 1.2867 1.2577 1.229" 1.2019 1.1752 1.1"91 1.1237 1.0989 1.07"8
1.0513 - 9 1.028" 1.0061 9.8"31 -10 9.6310 9.42102 9.2227 9.0261 8.8345 8.61176
8."653 -10 8.28110 8.1140 7.91048 7.7797 7.6186 7.461" 7.3080 7.1582 7.0121
6.869" -10 6.7301 6.5940 6._610 6.3311 6.2041 6.0801 5.9588 5.8"03 5.7245

1.159 - 9 1.115 1.074 1.035 9.970 -10 9.611 9.267 8.938 8.6211 8.323
8.036 -10 7.779 7.532 7.295 7.066 6.8"5 6.633 6.429 6.231 6.0"1
5.858 -10 5.682 5.511 5.347 5.189 5.036 ".888 4.7116 4.608 ".1175
11.347 -10 11.229 4.115 4.00" 3.896 3.792 3.692 3.594 3."99 3."07
3.318 -10 3.231 3.1"7 3.066 2.966 2.910 2.835 2.763 2.693 2.62"
2.556 -10 2 ...9.. 2 ... 31 2.371 2.312 2.25" 2.199 2.1"5 2.092 2.041
1.991 -10 1.9103 1.896 1.850 1.606 1.763 1.721 1.680 1.6ltO 1.601
1.56" -10 1.528 l.lt93 1."59 1."26 1.39" 1.363 1.332 1.303 1.21_

9.459 -10 9.106 8.768 8.446 8.139 7.845 7.565 7.297 7.040 6.795
6.560 -10 6.350 6.149 5,955 5.768 5.588 5.415 5.2"8 5.087
4.9~2
4.782 -10 ".638 4."99 4.365 11.236 4.111 3.990 3.874 3.762 3.653
3.5"8 -10 3.452 3.359 3.268 3.181 3.096 3.01" 2.93" 2.856 2.781
2.708 -10 2.638 2.569 2.502 2."38 2.375 2.31" 2.255 2.198 2.1"2
2.088 -10 2.036 1.985 1.935 1.887 1.8"0 1.795 1.151 1.708 1.666
1.625 -10 1.586 1.548 1.510 1." 7Ii 1.439 1.405 1.371 1.339 1.307
1.277 -10 1.247 1.219 1.191 1.16_ 1.138 1.113 1.088 1.063 1.040

56

TABLE 1. -Continued

GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

Temperature

Pressure

Density

Z, m H,m T,oK

t,OC TM , oK

P, mb

P, mm Hg

...E...
Po

p, kg m- 3

P Po

2~OCOO 2~1000 2~2000
2~3000
211 .. 000 245000
2~6000 2~7000
2.. 8000 2.. 9000
250000 251000 252000 253000 25 ..000 255000 256000 257000 258000 259000
260000 261000 262000 263000 26.. 000 265000 266000 267000 268000 269000
270000 271000 272000 273000 27.. 000 275COO 276000 277000 278000 279000
280000 281000 282000 2e3000 284000 285000 2S6000 287000 288000 289000
290000 291000 292000 293000 29 .. 000 295000 296000 297000 298000 299000
300000 302000 30.. 000 306000 308000 310000 312000 31 .. 000 316000 318000
320000 322000 32"000 326000 328000 330000 332000 33.. 000 336000 338000

231266 232195 233123 23.. 051 2 3 .. 978 235905 236832 231759 238686 239612
240538 2.. 1.. 63 2.. 2389 243314 24 .. 238 2105163
2~6087
2.. 7011 2.. 7934 2118858
249781 250704 251626 2525.. 8 2 5 3 .. 70 254392 255313 256235 257155 258076
258996 259916 260836 261755 262675 263594 26 .. 512 265 .. 30 2663109 267266
268184 269101 270018 270935 271851 272761 213683 274599 275514 276.. 29
217344 218258 219172 280086 281000 281913 282826 283139 284652 285564
286416 288299 290121 291942 293762 295581 297399 299215 301031 302845
304659 3061171 308282 310092 311901 313709 315516 317322 319127 320930

1339.90 13"1.67
1343.~"
13"5.20 13"6.95 13"8.69 1350.112 1352.15 1353.87 1355.58
1357.28 1358.97 1360.66 1362.33 136".00 1365.66 1367.31 1368.96 1370.59 1372.22
1373.8" 1375."5 1317.06 1378.65 1380.2" 1381.82 1383.39 138".95 1386.50 1388.05
1389.59 1391.12 1392.6" 13910.16 1395.66 1397.16 1398.65 1.. 00.1 .. 1401.61 1403.08
1110".5" 1405.99 1.. 07 ... 3 1"08.87 1410.29 1"11.71 1"13.13 141".53 1415.93 1417.32
1418.70 1420.07 1"21."4 1"22.80 142".15 1"25.50 1426.8" 1.. 21\.17 1.. 29...9 1430.80
1"32.11 1"33.61 1435.09 '''36.55 1"37.98 1439."0 1440.79 1"42.16 1"43.51 1....... 84
, ....6.15 1447 ..... 1.... 8 . 7 1 1....9.96 1451.19 1"52.41 1453.60 , .. 5... 78 1"55.95 1457.10

1066.75 1068.52 1010.29 1072.05 1073.80 1075.5" 1011.27 1079.00 1080.72 1082.113
1084.13 1085.82 1087.51 1089.18 1090.85 1092.51 109".16 1095.81 1097 ..... 1099.07
1100.69 1102.30 1103.91 1105.50 1107.09 1108.67 1110.2" 1111.80 1113.35 111".90
1116 ..... 1117.97 1119."9 1121.01 1122.51 11210.01 1125.50 1126.99 1128."6 1129.93
1131.39 1132.8" 113".28 1135.72 1137.1" 1138.56 1139.98 11"1.38 11"2.78 114".17
1'''5.55 11"6.92 1148.29 11"9.65 1151.00 1152.35 1153.69 1155.02 1156.3" 1157.65
1158.96 1160.116 1161.9" 1163."0 116".83 1166.25 1167.611 1169.01 1170.36 1171.69
1173.00 117".29 1175.56 1176.81 1178.0" 1179.26 1180.45 1181.63 1182.80 1183.95

1590.65 1594.65 1598.65 1602.65 1606.65 1610.65
161~.65
1618.65 1622.65 1626.65
1630.65 163".65 1638.65 1642.65 1646.65 1650.65 165".65 1658.65 1662.65 1666.65
1670.65 167".65 1678.65 1682.65 1686.65 1690.65 169".65 1698.65 1702.65 1706.65
1110.65 171".65 1118.65 1722.65 1726.65 1730.65 17311.65 1138.65 17"2.65 17"6.65
1750.65 175".65 1758.65 1762.65 1766.65 1770.65 177".65 1778.65 1782.65 1786.65
1790.65 119".65 1798.65 1802.65 1806.65 1810.65 181_.65 1818.65 1822.65 1826.65
1830.65 1837.25 18"3.85 1850."5 1857.05 1863.65 1870.25 1876.85 1883.105 1890.05
1896.65 J 903.25 1909.85 1916."5 1923.05 1929.65 1936.25 19"2.85 19"9.45 1956.05

5.6857 - 7 5.5736 5 ...6.. 0 5.3569 5.2521 5.1497
5.0~96
11.9516 11.8559 11.7622
".6706 - 7 4.5810 4 ...93.. 11.4017 4.3238
".2~18
".1615 ... 0830 ".0061 3.9309
3.8573 - 7 3.7853 3.71"8 3.6"58 3.5783 3.5122 3 ..... 75 3.38101 3.3221 3.261"
3.2019 - 7 3.1"37 3.0867 3.0308 2.9761 2.9226 2.8701 2.8187 2.7684 2.7191
2.6708 - 7 2.6235 2.5171 2.5317 2."871 2..... 35 2._008 2.3589 2.3178 2.2776
2.2381 - 7 2.199" 2.1615 2.12 .... 2.0880 2.0522 2.0172 1.9829 1.9"92 1.9162
1.8838 - 7 1.8209 1.760" 1.7021 1.6"59 1.5919 1.5398 1."896 1..... 13 1.39117
1.3"98 - 7 1.3065 1.2648 1.22"6 1.1858 1.1"811 1.1123 1.0775 1.0"39 1.011"

~.26~6 - 1 ".1805 11.0983 ".0180 3.9394 3.8626 3.7815 3.71110 3.61122 3.5720
3.5032 - 7 3."361 3.3703 3.3060 3.2431 3.1816
3.121~
3.0625 3.00118 2.9"811
2.8932 - 7 2.8392 2.7863 2.73"6 2.6839 2.6344 2.5858 2.5383 2.10918 2.11"62
2."016 - 1 2.3580 2.3152 2.2733 2.2323 2.1921 2. 1528 2.11"2 2.0765 2.0395
2.0033 - 1 1.9678 1.9330 1.8989 1.8655 1.8328 1.8007 1.7693 1.73e5 1.7083
1.6781 - 7 1.6"97 1.6213 1.5934 1.5661 1.5393 1.5130 1.4873 1."620 1."373
1.4130 - 7 1.3658 1.320" 1.2767 1.23"6 1.19"0 1.15"9 1.1173 1.0811 1.0"61
1.012" - 7 9.7998 - 8 9.4869 9.1851 8.89'" 8.6135 8.3"28 8.0816 1.8296 1.586"

5.6114 -10 5.5001 5.3926 5.2868 5.1834
5.082~
11.9835 11.8869 4.792" ".6999
4.6095 -10 ... 5211 ..... 3..6 4.3500 ".2673 ".1863 ".1071 ".0296 3.9537 3.8795
3.8069 -10 3.7358 3.6662 3.5981 3.5315 3."663 3... 02.. 3.3399 3.2787 3.2187
3.1600 -10 3.1026 3.0"63 2.9912 2.9372 2 . 8 8 .... 2.8326 2.7819 2.7322 2.6835
2.6359 -10 2.5892 2.5 ..3_ 2."986 2... 5.. 6 2.4116 2.369" 2.3280 2.2875 2.2"78
2.2088 -10 2.1707 2.1333 2.0966 2.0607 2.02510 1.9908 1.9510 1.9237 1.8912
1.8592 -10 1.7971 1.73711 1.6798 1.62 .... 1.5711 1.5197 1."701 1."22" 1.3165
1.3322 -10 1.289" 1.2"83 1.2086 1.1703 1.1334 1.0977 1.0634 1.0302 9.9820 -11

1.2"5 -10 1.218 1.191 1.16" 1.139 1. 11~ 1.089 1.066 1.0113 1.020
9.978 -11 9.763 9.553 9.3"8 9.1"8 8.952 8.762 8.575 8.39" 8.217
8.0"3 -11 7.87" 1.709 7.5"8 7.391 1.237 7.087 6.9"0 6.797 6.657
6.521 -11 6.387 6.257 6.129 6.005 5.883 5.76" 5.6"8 5.53" 5."23
5.315 ,11 5.209 5.105 5.004 4.90" ".808 ".713 ".620 4.529 ....... 1
".35" -11 ".269 4.187 4.105 ".026 3.9"9 3.813 3.198 3.126 3.65"
3.585 -11 3."53 3.326 3.20" 3.088 2.976 2.868 2.765 2.666 2.571
2.479 -11 2.391 2.307 2.226 2.148 2.013 2.001 1.932 1.865 1.801

1.017 -10 9.9"0 -11 9.720 9.505 9.296 9.092 8.894 8.700 8.510 8.326
8.145 -11 7.970 7.798 7.631
7~467
7.308 7.152 7.000 6.852 6.707
6.566 -11 6.428 6.293 6.162 6.033 5.908 5.185 5.666 5.5"9 5... 3..
5.323 -11 5.2111 5.107 5.003 10.902 10.802 ".105 ".610 ".518 ".427
... 339 -11 ".252 ".167 4.085 ".00" 3.925 3.8"7 3.772 3.698 3.625
3.55" -11 3.485 3.418 3.351 3.287 3.223 3.161 3.101 3.0"1 2.983
2.926 -11 2.819 2.115 2.616 2.521 2."29 2.3"1 2.257 2.176 2.099
2.02" -11 1.952 1.883 1.811 1.15" 1.692 1.634 1.577 1.523 1.1110

TABLE I. -Continued

57

GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

Temperature

Pressure

Density

Z, m H,m T,oK

t,OC TM , oK

P, mb

P, mm Hg

E..
Po

p, kg m- 3

P Po

340000 3"2000 34 ..000 346000 3.. 8000 350000 352000 35 .. 000 356000 358000
360000 362000 36"000 366000 368000 370000 372000 37 .. 000 376000 378000
380000 382000 38"000 386000 388000 390000 392000 39 ..000 396000 398000
1000000 "02000 ..0.. 000 1006000 1008000 "10000 .. 12000 10110000 .. 16000 .. 18000
.. 20000 422000 .. 210000 .. 26000 .. 28000 .. 30000 "32000 .. 3.. 000 "36000 .. 38000
""0000 .... 2000 ...... 000 .... 6000 .. 48000 450000 1052000 115 .. 000 1156000 .. 58000
1060000 _62000 116 .. 000 466000 .. 68000 .. 70000 1t72000 " 7 .. 000 .. 76000 1t78000
.. 80000 .. 8 2 0 0 0 .. 811000 1186000 1188000 1190000 .. 9 2 0 0 0 ..9.. 000 1196000 1198000

322733 32"53" 326335 328134 329932 331729 333525 335320 33711 .. 338907
3"0699 3"2"90 3""279 3"6068 347856 3"96"2 351"27 353212 354995 356777
358559 360339 362118 363896 365673 367""9 369223 370997 372770 37115"2
376312 378082 379850 381618 383384 385150 38691 .. 388677 390 ....0 392201
393961 395720 397.. 78 399235 .. 00991 .. 027.. 6 .. 04500 .. 0 6 2 5 3 "08005 .. 09756
.. 11506 "13255 "15002 .. 167..9 "18495 .. 202.. 0 .. 21983 "23726 425"67 .. 27208
11289 .. 8 430686 .. 32 .. 2" .. 310160 .. 35896 _37630 .. 3936.. .... 1096 .... 2828 ,...... 558
.... 6287 .... 8016 .... 9743 451469 .. 53195 .. 5.. 919 .. 566 .. 2 .. 58365 "60086 .. 61806

1"58.23 1"59.34 11060.45 11061.53 1462.61 1"63.67 1"64.72 1"65.75 1.. 66.78 1"67.79
1468.79 1"69.78 1"70.76 1471.74 1472.70 1"73.66 1"7".61 1"75.55 1476."8 1"77."1
1"78.33 l1t79.25 1"80.16 1"81.07 1"81.98 1"82.88 1"83.78 1"8".68 1"85.58 1.. 86 ...8
1"87.38 1"87.31 1"87.26 1"87.20 1"87.16 1"87.12 1"87.09 1"87.07 1"87.05 1487.05
11187.05 1"87.06 1"87.09 1"87.12 1"87.17 1"87.22 1"87.29 1"87.37 1"87.107 1"87.58
1"87.70 1"87.83 1487.98 11088.1" 1"88.32 1"88.52 1"88.73 1"88.95 1"89.19 1..89 ... 5
1"89.73 1"90.02 1"90.33 1"90.66 1"91.01 11091.38 1"91.76 1"92.16 1"92.58 1"93.03
1.. 93 ...9 1"93.97 1.. 9".1t1 149".99 11195.53 1"96.10 1"96.68 1"97.28 1"97.91 1"98.56

1185.08 1186.19 1187.30 1188.38 1189."6 1190.52 1191.57 1192.60 1193.63 1194.6"
1195.6" 1196.63 1197.61 1198.59 1199.55 1200.51 1201."6 1202."0 1203.33 12010.26
1205.18 1206.10 1207.01 1207.92 1208.83 1209.73 1210.63 1211.53 1212."3 1213.33
1214.23 121".16 121".11 121".05 121".01 1213.97 1213.9" 1213.92 1213.90 1213.90
1213.90 12U.91 1213.9" 1213.97 121".02 121".07 1211t.l" 121".22 121".32 121 .....3
121".55 121".68 121".83 121".99 1215.17 1215.37 1215.58 1215.80 1216.0" 1216.30
1216.58 1216.87 1217.18 1217.51 1217 .86 1218.23 1218.61 1219.01 1219."3 1219.88
1220.3" 1220.82 1221.32 1221.84 1222.38 1222.95 1223.53 122".13 122".76 1225."1

1962.65 1969.25 1975.85 1982."5 1989.05 1995.65 2002.25 2008.85 2015.45 2022.05
2028.65 2035.25 20"1.85 20"8."5 2055.05 2061.65 2068.25 20711.85 2081."5 2088.05
209".65 2101.25 2107.85 211".45 2121.05 2127.65 213".25 21"0.85 211t7."5 215".05
2160.65 2165.85 2171.05 2176.25 2181."5 2186.65 2191.85 2197.05 2202.25 2207."5
2212.65 2217.85 2223.05 2228.25 2233.45 2238.65 22"3.85 2249.05 225".25 2259."5
226".65 2269.85 2275.05 2280.25 2285.45 2290.65 2295.85 2301.05 2306.25 2311."5
2316.65 2321.85 2327.05 2332.25 2337."5 23"2.65 231t7.85 2353.05 2358.25 2363."5
2368.65 2373.85 2379.05 2384.25 2389."5 239".65 2399.85 21105.05 2"10.25 2"15.45

9.801" - 8 9."993 9.2077 8.9261 8.65"2 8.3915 8.1379 7.8928 7.6560 7.4272
7.2061 - 8 6.992" 6.7858 6.5860 6.3929 6.2061 6.0255 5.8508 5.6817 5.5182
5.3599 - 8 5.2068 5.0586 4.9151 4.7762 ".6.. 17 ".5115 ".3854 ".2633 ".1 .. 50
".030" - 8 3.9193 3.8116 3.7072 3.6059 3.5077 3 ... 12.. 3.3200 3.230" 3.1"34
3.0591 - 8 2.9772 2.8977 2.8206 2.71158 2.6731 2.6026 2.53111 2."677 2."031
2.3"05 - 8 2.2796 2.2205 2.1630 2.1073 2.0531 2.000" 1.9493 1.8996 1.8513
1.80"3 - 8 1.7587 1.71 .... 1.6713 1.629" 1.5886 1.5"90 1.5105 1.10730 1."366
1."012 - e
1.3667 1.3332 1.3006 1.2689 1.2380 1.2080 1.17117 1.1503 1.1226

7.3516 - 8 7.1251 6.9063 6.6951 6.4912 6.2942 6.1039 5.9201 5.7"25 5.5709
5.4050 - 8 5.24"7 5.0897 ".9399 ".7951 ".6550 ".5195 ".388" ".2616 4.1390
".0203 - 8 3.905" 3.79"2 3.6866 3.5825 3."816 3.3839 3.2893 3.1977 3.1090
3.0230 - 8 2.9397 2.8589 2.7806 2.70"7 2.6310 2.5595 2."902 2."230 2.3578
2.2945 - 8 2.2331 2.1735 2.1156 2.0595 2.0050 1.9521 1.9008 1.8509 1.8025
1.7555 - 8 1.7098 1.6655 1.622" 1.5806 1.5399 1.5005 1."621 1.102"8 1.3886
1.353" - 8 1.3192 1.2859 1.2536 1.2221 1.1916 1.1619 1.1330 1.10"9 1.0775
1.0510 - 8 1.0251 9.9999 - 9 9.7553 9.5173 9.2858 9.0605 8.81113 8.6280 8."203

9.6732 -II 9.3751 9.0873 8.8094 8.5"10 8.2818 8.0315 7.7896 7.5559 7.330 1
7.1119 -11 6.9009 6.6970 6."999 6.3093 6.1250 5.9"67 5.77"2 5.6074 5 ..... 60
5.2898 -11 5.1387 ".9924 ".8508 ".1138 ".5810 ..... 525
".3281 ".2075 10.0908
3.9777 -11 3.8680 3.7618 3.6587 3.5588 3."618 3.3678 3.2766 3.1881 3.1023
3.0190 -11 2.9382 2.8598 2.7837 2.7099 2.6382 2.5686 2.5010 2 ... 35.. 2.3717
2.3098 -11 2.2"98 2.191" 2.13"8 2.0797 2.0262 1.97"3 1.9238 1.87117 1.8271
1.7808 -11 1.7357 1.6920 1.6"9" 1.6081 1.5679 1.5288 1."907 1."538 1... 178
1.3829 -11 1.3"89 1.3158 1.2836 1.2523 1.2218 1.1922 1.1633 1.1353 1. ~079

1.7"0 -11 1.680 1.623 1.569 1.516 1.465 1.416 1.369 1.323 1.280
1.237 -11 1.197 1.158 1.120 1.08" 1.0"9 1.015 9.823 -12 9.509 9.206
8.91" -12 8.632 8.360 8.098 7.8"5 7.600 7.36" 7.136 6.916 6.70"
6."98 -12 6.30" 6.116 5.93" 5.758 5.588 5 ...2.. 5.26" 5.110 4.961
4.816 -12 ".676 ... 5.. 1 ..... 10 ".283 ".160 ".0.. 1 3.925 3.813 3.705
3.600 -12 3."99 3."00 3.305 3.212 3.122 3.035 2.951 2.869 2.790
2.713 -12 2.639 2.566 2."96 2."28 2.362 2.298 2.236 2.176 2.118
2.061 -12 2.006 1.952 1.900 1.850 1.801 1.75" 1.707 1.663 1.619

1."20 -II 1.372 1.325 1.280 1.237 1.196 1.156 1.117 1.080 1.045
1.010 -11 9.770 -12 9.451 9.1"3 8.8"7 8.561 8.285 8.019 7.763 7.515
7.277 -12 7. 0117 6.825 6.611
6."0" 6.20" 6.011 5.825 5.6"6 5.1t72
5.305 -12 5.1"6 ".993 ... 8.... ".701 ".562 "."27 ".297 ".111 4.050
3.932 -12 3.817 3.707 3.600 3."96 3.396 3.299 3.204 3.113 3.025
2.939 -12 2.856 2.776 2.698 2.622 2.5"9 2.1t78 2."09 2.3"2 2.278
2.215 -12 2.15" 2.095 2.038 1.982 1.928 1.876 1.826 1.776 1.729
1.682 -12 1.637 1.59" 1.551 1.510 1."70 1."31 1.394 1.357 1.322

58

TABLE I. -Continued

GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

Temperature

Pressure

Density

Z, m H,m T,oK

t,OC TM, oK

P, mb

P, mm Hg

..£..
Po

p, kg m- 3

P Po

500000 502000 504000 506000 508000 510COO 512000 514000 516000 518COO
520000 522000 5211000 526000 528000 530000 532000 534000 536000 536000
540000 542000 544000 546000 548000 550000 552000 55.,000 556000 558000
560000 562000 564000 566000 568000 570000 572000 57.. 000 576000 578000
560eoo 5e2000 5811000 586000 566000 590000 592000 59 .. 000 596000 596000
600000 602000 6010000 606000 606000 610000 612000 6110000 616000 616000
620000 622000 6211000 626000 626000 630000 632000 634000 636000 636000
6100000 6"2000 644000 646000 646000 650000 652000 654000 656000 658000

463526 465244 466961 466678 470393 472107 473821 475533 4772 .. 4 4789511
4 8 0 6 6 .. 482372 4811079 485786 487491 489195 490899 492601 49.. 303 1096003
497702 499401 501098 502795 504490 506165 501818 509571 511262 512953
514642 516331 518018 519105 521391 523075 524759 526.... 2 528124 529805
531 ..6.. 533163 53.. 8.. 1 536518 5 3 6 1 9 .. 539869 51115 .. 3 5.. 3216 54"866 5"6559
5118230 5.. 9899 551567 5532311 5511901 556566 556230 559894 561556 563216
5611819 566536 568197 569655 511511 573167 574822 5761116 518129 519181
581 .. 32 583082 58.. 732 586360 588021 5B96111 591319 5 9 2 9 6 .. 594607 596250

1499.22 1496.60 11198.40 11+'18 ;1]2 1497.68 1497.35 1497.05 1496.76 1"96.53 1"96.30
1496.10 1495.93 11195.76 11195.65 1495.55 1495.47 1495.42 1495.39 1495.36 1495.40
1495.44 1495.51 1495.59 11095.10 1495.811 1495.99 1496.17 1496.36 1496.56 11096.82
1491.09 1491.31 1497.61 1491.99 1498.33 1498.69 llt_'l'l.07 1.,99.47 1"99.68 1500.32
1500.11 1501.211 1501.12 1502.22 1502.13 151)3.21 1503.61 150".31 15011.9" 1505.53
1506.13 1506.0" 1505.91 1505.91 1505.87 1505.83 1505.81 1505.19 1505.79 1505.60
1505.61 1505.63 1505.66 1505.90 1505.95 1506.00 1506.06 1506.12 1506.18 1506.25
1506.33 1506."1 1506."9 1506.51 1506.65 1506.73 1506.82 1506.90 1506.96 , 1507.06

1226.07 1225.65 1225.25 1224.87 1224.53 1224.20 1223.90 1223.63 1223.36 1223.15
1222.95 1222.78 1222.63 1222.50 1222.40 1222.32 1222.27 1222.24 1222.23 1222.25
1222.29 1222.36 1222.4 .. 1222.55 1222.69 1222.64 1223.02 1223.21 1223."3 1223.67
1223.94 1224.22 1224.52 1224.84 1225.16 1225.54 1225.92 1226.32 1226.73 1221.11
1221.62 1226.09 1226.51 1229.01 1229.58 1230.12 1230.66 1231.22 1231.19 1232.36
1232.96 1232.89 1232.62 1232.76 1232.72 1232.66 1232.66 1232.64 1232.611 1232.65
1232.66 1232.68 1232.71 1232.75 1232.80 1232.85 1232.91 1232.97 1233.03 1233.10
1233.16 1233.26 1233.34 1233."2 1233.50 1233.58 1233.61 1233.75 1233.83 1233.91

2420.65 2424.05 2427.45 2430.85 2434.25 2437 .65 2441.05 24..... 45 2447.65 2451.25
2454.65 2458.05 21161.45 2464.85 2466.25 2471.65 2475.05 2478.45 21061.65 2485.25
2466.65 2492.05 2"95.45 2496.85 2502.25 2505.65 2509.05 2512.45 2515.65 2519.25
2522.65 2526.05 2529.45 2532.85 2536.25 2539.65 2543.05 25..6 ... 5 25"9.65 2553.25
~556.65
2560.05 2563."5 2566.65 2570.25 2513.65 2511.05 2580."5 2583.85 2581.25
2590.65 2592.85 2595.05 2591.25 2599."5 2601.65 2603.85 2606.05 2606.25 2610.105
2612.65 261".85 2617.05 2619.25 2621.45 2623.65 2625.85 2626.05 2630.25 2632."5
26311.65 2636.85 2639.05 26"1.25 26.. 3... 5 26"5.65 26117.85 2650.05 2652.25 265".45

1.0957 - 8 1.0694 1.0439 1.0190 9.9474 - 9 9.7111 9.4809 9.2565 9.0379 8.8249
8.6173 - 9 8.4149 6.2177 8.0255 7.8382 7.6556 7.4776 7.3040 7.13109 6.9699
6.6091 - 9 6.6523 6.4994 6.3502 6.20118 6.0630 5.92101 5.7898 5.6583 5.5300
5 ...0..8 - 9 5.2821 5.1635 5.0473 4.9339 4.8233 4.7154 4.6100 11.5072 ..... 069
11.3091 - 9 4.2135 ... 1203 4.0293 3.91105 3.6536 3.1691 3.61165 3.6058 3.5271
3.11502 - 9 3.3751 3.3016 3.2301 3.1601 3.09 \1 3.02109 2.9591 2.8959 2.6336
2.7721 - 9 2.7132 2.6550 2.5982 2.5427 2 ...66.. 2.43511 2.3636 2.3329 2.283"
2.2350 - 9 2.1611 2.1415 2.0963 2.0521 2.0090 1.9661 1.9255 1.6651 I.B451

8.2183 - 9 8.0215 7.6296 7.6431 7.4612 7.2839 7.1112 6.9"30 6.7790 6.6192
6.4635 - 9 6.3117 6.1638 6.0197 5.8791 5.7422 5.6086 5.4785 5.3516 5.2219
5.1012 - 9 4.9696 4.6749 4.1631 4.6540 11.5477 4.4439 4.3421 4.2441 4.1478
4.0539 - 9 3.9623 3.8730 3.1858 3.1006 3.6176 3.5366 3.11516 3.3807 3.3055
3.2321 - 9 3.1604 3.0905 3.0222 2.9556 2.6906 2.6271 2.1651 2.10"6 2.61155
2.5879 - 9 2.5316 2.4165 2.11226 2.3103 2.3190 2.2689 2.2199 2.1121 2.1253
2.0197 - 9 2.0350 1.991" 1.9466 1.9072 1.8665 1.8261 1.7816 1.11098 1.7121
1.616" - 9 1.6409 1.6063 1.5124 1.5392 1.5068 1.4752 1.......2
1."139 1.384"

1.0614 -11 1.0555 1.0302 1.0057 9.6173 -12 9.5841 9.3569 9.1355 8.9197 8.7095
8.5046 -12 8.3049 8.1103 7.9206 7.7357 7.5555 7.3796 7.2085 7.0416 6.8186
6.7200 -12 6.5653 6.101104 6.2612 6.1237 5.9838 5.8473 5.1141 5.58103 5.4576
5.3341 -12 5.2136 5.0960 4.9813 4.869" 4.1602 4.6537 ... 51191 ..... 483 11.3493
4.2527 -12 4.1564
".066" 3.9166 3.6669 3.8034 3.1198 3.6383 3.5567 3.11610
3.4051 -12 3.3310 3.2586 3.1619 3.1166 3.0513 2.98511 2.9210 2.8580 2.7965
2.7364 -12 2.6717 2.6203 2.5642 2.50911 2.10559 2.4036 2.3524 2.30211 2.2536
2.2056 -12 2.1591 2.1135 2.0689 2.0253 1.9821 1.9410 1.9003 1.6605 1.6215

1.577 -12 1.537 1.496 1.460 1.424 1.388 1.353 1.319 1.266 1.2511
1.223 -12 1.193 1.163 1.134 1.106 1.079 1.052 1.027 1.001 9.770 -13
9.532 -13 9.299 9.073 8.653 6.638 8.430 8.226 6.028 7.635 7.6101
7.464 -13 7.285 7.111 6.942 6.711 6.616 6."59 6.301 6.158 6.013
5.672 -13 5.13" 5.599 5.466 5.341 5.216 5.095 4.911 4.862 ".749
4.6"0 -13 4.535 ..... 32 4.333 4.235 4.140 4.0117 3.956 3.866 3.161
3.691 -13 3.615 3 . 5 3 .. 3."56 3.319 3.304 3.231 3.160 3.090 3.022
2.955 -13 2.690 2.821 2.765 2.1011 2.645 2.586 2.531 2.1116 2."22

1.287 -12 1.255 1.223 1.192 1.162 1.133 1.105 1.077 1.050 1.024
9.963 -13 9.736 9.11911 9.259 9.031 8.808 8.592 8.381 8.175 7.916
7.781 -13 7.591 1.1001 1.221 7.052 6.881 6.715 6.553 6.396 6.242
6.093 -13 5.941 5.805 5.667 5.532 5.401 5.273 5.148 5.021 4.906
4.793 -13 ".661 ... 571 11.46" 4.360 11.256 ".159 11.063 3.969 3.877
3.181 -13 3.702 3.616 3.531 3.457 3.360 3.304 3.230 3.151 3.061
3.018 -13 2.951 2.685 2.821 2.156 2.697 2.638 2.579 2.522 2."61
2.412 -13 2.359 2.308 2.257 2.206 2.159 2.112 2.066 2.021 1.977

TABLE I.-Concluded

59

GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude

Temperature

Pressure

Density

Z, m H,m T,oK

660000 662000 1>6 ..000 666000 668000 670000 672000 67 .. 000 676000 678000
680000 682000 68 .. 000 686000 688000 690000 692000 69"000 696000 698000
700000

597892 599532 1>01172 602811 60...... 9 606086 607722 609357 610991 612625
61 .. 257 615889 617519 6191 ..9 620177 622 .. 05 6210032 6251>58 627283 628907
630530

1507.110 1507.22 1507.30 1507.37 1507 • .,3 1507.50 1507.55 1507.61 1507.65 1507.69
1507.73 1507.75 1507.77 1507.79 1507.79 1507.78 1507.77 1507.75 1507.71 1507.67
1507.61

t,OC
1233.99 12311.07 123".15 123".22 123".28 12311.35 12311."0 123..... 6 123.,.50 12310.5"
123.,.58 12310.60 123".62 123... 6.. 123.,.610 12311.63 12310.62 123".60 123".56 123".52
123..... 6

TM , oK
2656.65 2658.85 21>1>1.05 2663.25 2665."5 2667.65 2669.85 2672.05 267.,.25 2676 • .,5
2678.65 2680.85
268.~.05
2685.25 2687 • .,5 2689.1>5 2691.85 269".05 2696.25 2698 ... 5
2700.65

P, mb
1.8071 - 'I 1.71>9 .. 1.7325 1.696" 1.6612 1.6267 1.5930 1.5600 1.5278 1• .,962
1• .,65.. - 9 1."352 1."057 1.3769 1.3.,87 1.3210 1.29"0 1.2671> '.2"'8 1.2165
1.1918 - 9

P, mm Hg

..f..
Po

--".--

1.355" - 'I 1.3271 1.2995
1.272" 1.2.,60 1.2201
1.19"8 1.1701 1. ,.,59 1.1223

1.7635 !.12 1.7Ij1>2
1.7098
1.67"3 1.6395
1.605" 1.5722 1.5396
1.5078 1.10767

1.0991 - 9 1.0765 1.05....
1.0327 1.0116 9.9087 -10 9.7061 9.5079 9.3, .. ,
9.12105

1..... 62 -12
'."'65 1.387" 1.3589 1.3310 1.3038 1.2771 1.2510 1.2255 1.2006

8.9390 -10 1.1762 -12

p, kg m- I
2.310 -1~ 2.318 2.21>8 2.219 2.171 2.1211 2.079 2. o.~., 1.990 1.9"8
1.901> -13 1.865 1.825 1.781> 1.7.,8 1.711 1.675 1.639 1.60" 1.570
1.537 -B

P Po
1.93" -1.' 1.892 1.851 1.811 1.772 1.1310 1.697 1.660 1.625 1.590
1.556 -1.3 1.522 1."90 1."58 1.1027 1.397 1.367 1.338 1.310 1.282
1.255 -13

Page intentionally left blank

Table II
ACCELERATION DUE TO GRAVITY, SPECIFIC WEIGHT, PRESSURE SCALE HEIGHT, NUMBER DENSITY, PARTICLE SPEED, COLLISION FREOUENCY, MEAN FREE PATH, AND MOLECULAR WEIGHT
Metric Units
NOTE: A one- or two-digit number (preceded by a plus or minus sign) following the initial entry of each block indicates the power of ten by which that entry and each succeeding entry of that block should be multiplied. A change of power occurring within a block is indicated by a similar notation.

-

TABLE n:
62
GEOPOTENTIAL ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude
H, m Z,

m

Accel due to
gravity g,msec-z

w,

Specific weight kg m-2 sec-

2

Pressure scale height
Hp, m

Number density n, m-3

Particle Collision
speed frequency
V, m sec-I Y, sec-I

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

-5000 -4950 - .. 900 -"850 -!t800 - .. 750 - .. 100 -"650 -"600 -4550
-"500 - .... 50 -"1100 -"350 -4300 -"250 -1&200 -4150 -4100 -4050
-4000 -3950 -3900 -3850 -3800 -3150 -3700 -3650 -3600 -3550
-3500 -31150 -3"00 -3350 -3300 -3250 -3200 -3150 -3100 -3050
-3000 -2950 -2900 -2850 -2eoo -2150 -2100 -2650 -2600 -2550
-2500 -2"50 -2"00 -2350 -2300 -2250 -2200 -2150 -2100 -2050
-2000 -1950 -1900 -1850 -11100 -1750 -1100 -1650 -1600 -1550
-1500 -1450 -11100 -1350 -1300 -1250 -1200 -1150 -1100 -1050

- ..996 -49116 -4896 -4846 -11196 -101116 -10697 - ..6..7 -4597 -45.. 1
-4497 -1111111 -4391 -4347 -"291 -4247 -4191 -4141 -"091 -"041
-3991 -3948 -3898 -38118 -3798 -3148 -3698 -36"8 -3598 -35.. 8
-3"98 -3.... 8 -3398 -3348 -3298 -32"8 -3198 -31"8 -3098 -30"9
-2999 -2949 -2899 -28109 -2199 -2149 -2699 -26119 -2599 -25"9
-2499 -24119 -2399 -2349 -2299 -22"9 -2199 -21"9 -2099 -20"9
-1999 -19119 -1899 -18119 -1799 -1150 -1100 -1650 -1600 -1550
-1500 -11050 -1_00
-.1350 -1300 -1250 -1200 -1150 -1100 -1050

9.8221 9.8219 9.8218 9.8216 9.8215 9.8213 9.8212 9.8210 9.8208 9.8201
9.8205 9.8204 9.8202 9.8201 9.8199 9.8198 9.8196 9.8195 9.8193 9.8192
9.8190 9.8188 9.8181 9.8185 9.8184 9.8182 9.8181 9.8119 9.8118 9.8116
9.8115 9.8113 9.8111 9.8110 9.8168 9.8161 9.8165 9.816" 9.8162 9.8161
9.8159 9.8158 9.8156 9.8154 9.8153 9.8151 9.8150 9.8148 9.81"7 9.81"5
9.81 .... 9.81"2 9.81"1 9.8139 9.8131 9.8136 9.813" 9.8133 9.8131 9.8130
9.8128 9.8127 9.8125 9.81211 9.8122 9.8121 9.8119 9.8111 9.8116 9.811"
9.8113 9.8111 9.8110 9.8108 9.8107 9.8105 9.810" 9.8102 9.8100 9.8099

1.8961 + 1 1.8819 1.8198 1.8116 1.8635 1.8554 1.8"114 1.8393 1.8313 1.8233
1.815" + 1 1.8015 1.7996 1.7911 1.1838 1.7160 1.7682 1.1605 1.1521 1.11150
1.7313 + 1 1.7296 1.7220 1.11 .... 1.1068 1.6993 1.6911 1.68_2 1.6761 1.6693
1.6618 + 1 1.65.... 1.6470 1.6391 1.632" 1.6251 1.6118 1.6105 1.6033 1.5961
1.5889 + 1 1.5817 1.5146 1.5615 1.5604 1.553" 1.5"63 1.5393 1.5323 1.525"
1.51811 + I 1.5115 1.50"6 1.4978 1."909 1... 8.. 1 1.4773 1."706 1."638 1."511
1."50" + 1 1.11"31 1.11311 1."305 1.11239 1.4113 1."101 1...0.. 2 1.3911 1.3912
1.38111 + 1 1.3183 1.3119 1.3655 1.3591 1.3528 1.3.. 6_ 1.3"01 1.3339 1.3216

9371.1 9361.1 9352.11 93"3.0 9333.1 93210.3 9315.0 9305.6 9296.3 9286.9
9211.5 9268.2 9258.8 9249.5 9240.1 9230.8 9221.4 9212.1 9202.1 9193."
9184.0 9114.6 9165.3 9155.9 9146.6 9131.2 9127.8 9118.5 9109.1 9099.8
9090." 9081.1 9011 .1 9062.3 9053.0 9043.6 90310.2 902".9 9015.5 9006.2
8996.8 8981.4 8978. I 8968.1 8959.3 8950.0 89110.6 8931.3 8921.9 8912.5
8903.2 8893.8 888..... 8875.1 8865.1 8856.3 88_1.0 8831.6 8828.2 8818.9
8809.5 8800.1 8190.1 8181." 8112.0 8162.6 8753.3 81113.9 8134.5 8125.2
8115.8 8706._ 8691.0 8687.1 8678.3 8668.9 8659.6 8650.2 B6"0.8 8631."

... 01 ..0 +25 3.9961 3.9195 3.9623 3.9452 3.9282 3.9112 3.89"2 3.8113 3.8605
3.81131 +25 3.8210 3.8103 3.1931 3.1712 3.1601 3.1 ....2 3.1218 3.1115 3.6952
3.6790 +25 3.6628 . 3.61161 3.6306 3.61"6 3.5981 3.5828 3.5669 3.5511 3.535"
3.5191 +25 3.5041 3.4885 3."730 3.4575 3 ..... 21 3."261 3 ... 11 .. 3.3961 3.3809
3.3658 +25 3.3507 3.3356 3.3206 3.3056 3.2908 3.2759 3.2611 3.246" 3.2311
3.2110 +25 3.202" 3.1819 3.173_ 3.1590 3.1 ....6 3.1302 3.1159 3.1011 3.0815
3.0734 +25 3.0593 3.0"52 3.0312 3.0173 3.003" 2.9896 2.9758 2.9620 2.9"83
2.93111 +25 2.9211 2.9075 2.89"0 2.8806 2.8611 2.8538 2.8"05 2.8272 2.81"0

"811.14 483.89 "83.64 483.40 1083.15 "82.91 482.66 ..82 ... 1 1082.11 481.92
"81.68 "81.43 "81.18 "80.93 480.69 ..80 ..... "80.19 419.95 1119.10 1119.45
1119.20 "78.95 1118.71 1118.46 1118.21 411.96 1011.11 1117 ...6 1017.22 1076.97
1016.72 "76.41 416.22 415.97 475.72 1015. 1t7 475.22 "711.97 4111.72 474."7
11111.22 1113.97 413.72 ..73 ...7 "73.22 "12.91 1172.71 1172.46 1172.21 1171.96
1171.11 1011.106 "71.20 1170.95 "70.10 410."5 470.19 "69.94 1169.69 .. 69.....
1169.18 "68.93 "68.68 1168."2 "68.11 "67.92 "61.66 1161.41 1167.15 1166.90
466.6" "66.39 "66.1" "65.88 465.63 "65.31 "65.11 46".86 "610.60 "64.35

1.1503 +10 1.1441 1.1392 1.1331 1.1283 1.1228 1.111" 1.1120 1.1066 1.1012
1.0959 +10 1.0905 1.0852 1.0199 1.071&1 1.069" 1.0642 1.0590 1.0538 1.0487
1.0435 +10 1.0384 1.0333 1.0282 1.0231 1.0181 1.0131 1.0081 1.0031 9.9811 + 9
9.9316 + 9 9.8823 9.8332 9.78.. 3 9.7356 9.6811 9.6388 9.5907 9.5"27 9.4950
9 .....7.. + 9 9.4001 9.3529 9.3059 9.2591 9.21211 9.1660 9.1198 9.0731 9.0218
8.9821 + 9 8.9366 8.8912 8.8"61 8.8011 8.7563 8.7111 8.6613 8.6230 8.5190
8.5351 + 9 8.119111 8."H8 8 ... 0..11 8.3613 8.3182 8.2154 8.2327 8.1903 8.11179
8.1058 + 9 8.0638 8.0220 1.980" 1.9389 1.8911 1.8565 1.8156 1.11"8 1.13"2

11.2089 - 8 11.2211 ... 2 ..54 ".2638 11.2823 ".3009 ".3196 ... 33811 ... 3513 4.3163
... 395" - 8 4.111116 ".11339 ..... 533 ... H29 .. ... 925 ".5122 4.5320 ... 5520 4.5720
4.5922 - 8 ".6125 11.6329 11.6534 ... 6740 4.69111 4.1155 _.1365 4.7575 4.7781
... 8000 - 8 ... 8214 11.8430 ".86116 ".886" ... 9083 ... 9303 ".952" 4.97"7 ... 9971
5.0196 - 8 5.01122 5.0649 5.0878 5.1108 5.1340 5.1573 5.1801 5.20"2 5.2218
5.2516 - 8 5.2156 5.2996 5.3238 5.3_82 5.3126 5.3973 5.11220 5 ..... 69 5.4719
5.4911 - 8 5.522" 5.51119 5.5135 5.5993 5.6252 5.6512 5.611_ 5.1038 5.1303
5.1569 - 8 5.1831 5.Bl01 5.8318 5.8651 5.8925 5.9201 5.91118 5.9158 6.0038

28.9611 28.964 28.9610 28.964 28.964 28.964 28.9610 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.9611 28.9611 28.96" 28.961& 28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.964
28.964 28.964 28.9611 28.964 28.964 28.964 28.964 28.96_ 28.964 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96_ 28.96" 2 8 . 9 6 .. 28.96_ 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.964 28.96" 28.964 28.964 28.964 28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611
28.96_ 28.96_ 28.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96"
28.9611 28.96" 28.9610. 28.96" 28.9611 28.96 .. 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
211.964 28.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.96_ 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.964 28.96"

TABLE 1I
63
GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude
Z, m H,

m

Accel. due to
gravity g,msec-z

w,

Specific weight kg m-2 sec-

2

Pressure scale height
Hp , m

-

-5000 -10950 - ..900 -10850 -IoBOO
-"750 - .. 700
-"650 -"600 - .. 550

-500" - ..95..
-"90" - ..85.. -1080" - ..75.. -11703
-"653 -"603 -"553

9.8221
9.8219 9.8218
9.8216 9.8215
9.B213 9.8212 9.8210
9.8209
9.8201

1.8968 + 1 1.8BB6
1.88010
1.8722
1.86"1 1.8560
1.8"79 1.8399
1.8319
1.8239

9371.8
9362." 9353.1
93"3.7 933".3 9325.0 9315.6 9306.2
9296.9 9287.5

-"500 -10"50 - .... 00
-"350 -11300
-"250 -"200 - .. ISO -10100 -10050

-"503 - .... 53 - .... 03
-"353 -"303
-"253 -"203 -"153 -"103 -10053

9.8206
1.82011 9.B202
9.8201 9.8199
9.8198 9.8196 9.8195
9.8193 9.8192

1.8159 + I
1.8080 1.8000
1.7922
1.18"3 1.7765 1.7687 1.7609
1.7531 1.7.. 5..

9218.1 9268.8
9259." 9250.0
92"0.7 9231.3 9221.9 9212.6 9203.2
9193.8

-"000
-3950
-3900 -3850 -3800
-3750 -3700 -3650 -3600 -3550

-"003 -3952
-3902 -3852 -3802 -3152 -3702
-3652 -3602 -3552

9.8190
9.8189
9.8187 9.8185 9.81811
9.8182 9.8181 9.8179
9.8178 9.8176

1.7377 + 1 1.7300
1.722" 1.11"8 1.7072 1.6996 1.6920
1.68"5 1.6710 1.6696

918".5 9175. I 9165.7
9156." 91"7.0 9137.6 9128.3 9118.9
9109.5 9100.1

-3500 -31150 -3400 -3350 -3300 -3250 -3200 -3150 -3100 -3050

-3502
-3"52 -3"02 -3352 -3302
-3252 -3202
-3152 -3102 -3051

9 .8175 9.8113
9.8171
9.8110 9.8168 9.8167 9.8165
9.816" 9.8162 9.8161

1.6621 + 1 1.6547
1.6"13 1.6"00 1.6326 1.6253 1.6180 1.6107
1.6035 1.5963

9090.8
9081." 9072.0 9062.7 9053.3
90113.9 903.,.6
9025.2
9015.8
9006."

-3000
-2950 -2900
-2850 -2800 -2750 -2700
-2650 -2600 -2550

-3001
-2951 -2901
-2851 -2801 -2751 -2701 -2651 -2601 -2551

9.8159
9.8158
9.8156 9.8155
9.8153 9.8151 9.8150 9.8148
9.81"7 9.81"5

1.5891 + 1
1.5819 1.57118
1.5671 1.5606 1.5535
1.5"65 1.5395
1.5325 1.5255

8997.1
8987.7
8978.3 8969.0 8959.6 8950.2
89"0.8 8931.5 8922.1 8912.7

-2500
-2"50 -21100 -2350 -2300
-2250 -2200 -2150
-2100 -2050

-2501
-21151 -21101 -2351 -2301
-2251 -2201 -2151
-2101 -2051

9.81 ....
9.81"2 9.8141 9.8139 9.8138
9.8136
9.813" 9.8133
9.8131 9.8130

1.5186 + 1 1.5117
1.50"8 1• .,979 1.11911
1.118"2 1... 71..
1.10707 1.10639 1."512

8903.3
889".0 88811.6 8875.2 8865.8
8856.5
88"7.1 8837.7
8828." 8819.0

-2000 -1950 -1900
-1850 -1800 -1750 -1100 -1650
-1600 -1550

-2001 -1951 -1901
-1851 -1801
-1750 -1700 -1650
-1600 -1550

9.8128 9.8127 9.8125
9.812" 9.8122 9.8121 9.8119 9.8117 9.8116
9.811"

1."505 + 1 1."1138 1.10372 1.10305 1._239
1."173
'."'08 1• .,043
1.3977 1.3912

8809.6 8800.2
8790.9 8781.5
8772.1 8762.1 8753.11 87 ..... 0
87311.6 8725.2

-1500
-1"50 -1"00 -1350
-1300 -1250 -1200
-1150 -1100 -1050

-1500
-1"50 -1 ..00 -1350 -1300 -1250 -1200
-1150 -1100 -1050

9.8113
9.8111 9.8110 9.8108
9.8107 9.8105
9.810" 9.8102 9.8100 9.8099

1.38"8 + 1 1.3783 1.3719 1.3655 1.3591 1.3528 1.3465.
1.3"02 1.3339 1.3276

8715.9
8706.5 8691.1 8687.1
8678.3
8669.0 8659.6
8650.2
86"0.8 8631.5

Number density n, m- 3

Particle Collision
speed frequency
V, m sec-I II, sec-I

11.01510 +25 3.9981 3.9808 3.9636 3.91165 3.929" 3.9123 3.895" 3.87811 3.8616
3.8.... 8 +25 3.8280 3.8113 3.19"7 3.7781 3.7616 3.71051 3.7287 3.7123 3.6960
3.6798 +25 3.6636 3.6"75 3.631" 3.615.. 3.599" 3.5835 3.5676 3.5518 3.5360
3.5203 +25 3.50107 3.11891 3.10735 3.10580 3 ..... 26 3."272 3."119 3.3966 3.381"
3.3662 +25 3.3511 3.3360 3.3210 3.3060 3.2911 3.2762 3.261" 3.2"67 3.232CJ
3.2173 +25 3.2027 3.1882 3.1736 3.1592 3.1 ....8 3.130" 3.1161 3.1019 3.0877
3.0735 +25 3.05911 3.0"511 3.031_ 3.017" 3.0035 2.9897 2.9159 2.9621 2.94811
2.93"8 +25 2.9212 2.9076 2.89"1 2.8806 2.8672 2.8538 2.8"05 2.8273 2.811.0

10810.15 1083.91 "83.66 1183.112 1083.17 IoB2.92 "82.68 .. 82 ...3 1182.18 "81.9"
"81.69 .. 81 ..... "81.20 "80.95 "80.70 .. 80.115 "80.21 "79.96 1079.71 1179."6
"79.22 1178.97 1178.72 1178.47 1178.22 1077.97 .. 77.72 1077."8 1177.23 1176.98
"76.73 1116.108 "76.23 475.98 475.73 ..75...8 475.23 "7".98 47".73 4710.108
1174.23 "73.98 .. 7 3 . 7 2 "73.107 473.22 1172.97 "72.72 ..72 ...7 1172.22 1171.96
1171.71 "71.116 1171.21 "70.96 1170.70 410.105 1170.20 1169.95 "69.69 1069.1110
"69.19 "68.93 "68.68 "68.113 1168.17 "67.92 "67.66 ..67 ... 1 1167.16 "66.90
"66.65 "66.39 "66.1" 1165.88 1165.63 "65.37 "65.12 "611.86 ..6... 60 116".35

1.1507 +10 1.11052 1.1396 1.13"1 1.1286 1.1232 1.1177 1.1123 1.1069 1.1016
1.0962 +10 1.0909 1.0856 1.0803 1.0750 1.0697 1.06"5 1.0593 1.05"1 1.0"89
1.0438 +10 1.0386 1.0335 1.02810
1.023" 1.0183 1.0133 1.0083 1.0033 9.9830 + 9
9.9335 + 9 9.88"1 9.8350 9.7860 9.7373 9.6887 9.6"010 9.5922 9.5 .... 2 9."9611
9.....88 + 9 9.11013 9.35.. 1 9.3071 9.2602 9.2136 9.1671 9.1208 9.07"7 9.0287
8.9830 + 9 8.937" 8.8921 8.8"69 8.8019 8.7570 8.712" 8.6679 8.6237 8.5795
8.5356 + 9 8."919 8 ..... 83 8 ... 0.. 9 8.3617 8.3187 8.2758 8.2331 8.1906 8.1"83
8.1061 + 9 8.06"1 8.0223 7.9806 7.9392 7.8979 1.8567 7.8158 1.7750 7.73"3

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

".2075 - 8 ".2257 ".211100 ".262" ... 2810 ... 2996 ... 3183 10.1371 ".3560 ... 3151
".39.. 2 - 8 ".10 13.. ..... 321 ..... 522 ".11117 11."9110 ... 5111 ... 5310 ... 5509 ".5710
".5912 - 8 ".6115 ".6319 ".6524 ".6730 ".6938 ".71 ..6 ... 7356 ".7567 ".7179
".7992 - 8 ".B206 10.8422 ".8638 ... 8856 10.9075 ".9296 ".9517 " . 9 7 .. 0 ".996.,
5.0189 - 8 5.01116 5.06113 5.0872 5.1103 5.133" 5.1567 5.1801 5.2037 5.22711
5.2512 - 8 5.2751 5.2992 5.32311 5.3"78 5.3723 5.3969 5.11217 5.""66 5."716
5.10968 - 8 5.5221 5.5"76 5.5732 5.5990 5.62"9 5.6510 5.6772 5.7036 5.7301
5.7567 - B 5.7836 5.8105 5.8377 5.86109 5.892" 5.9200 5.9"77 5.9756 6.0037

28.9610 28.9610 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.96" 28.9610
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 2 8 . 9 6 .. 28.96 .. 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.9610 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.9610 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611
28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96"
28.96" 28.9611 28.964 28.96 .. 28.964 28.96" 28.964 28.9611 28.96" 28.9611

TABLE Ir.-Continued
64
GEOPOTENTIAL ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

H,

Altitude
m Z,

m

AcceL due to gravity
g,msec-2

w,

Specific weight kg m-2 sec-2

Pressure scale height
Hp , m

Number density
n, m-3

Particle Collision
speed frequency
V, m sec-I ZI, sec-I

-1000 -950 -900 -850
-eoo -no
-700 -650 -600 -550
-500 -"50 - ..00 -350 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100 -50
0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 .. 00 .. 50
500 550 600 650 700
1ao5o0
850 900 950
1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 l1o00 11150
1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950
2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250 2300 2350 2 .. 00 21150
2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750 2800 2850 2900 2950

-1000 -950 -900 -850 -800 -750 -700 -650 -600 -550
-500 - ..50 -"00 -350 -300 -250 -200 -150 -100
-50
0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 .. 00 .. 50
500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 900 950
1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 1..00 1.. 50
1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1801 1851 1901 1951
2001 2051 2101 2151 2201 2251 2301 2351 2"01 2 .. 51
2501 2551 2601 2651 2701 2751 2801 2851 2901 2951

9.8097 9.8096 9.80910 9.8093 9.8091 9.8090 9.8088 9.8087 9.8085 9.8083
9.8082 9.8080 9.8079 9.8077 9.8076 9.80710 9.8073 9.8071 9.8070 9.8068
9.8066
9.8065 9.8063 9.8062 9.8060 9.8059 9.8051 9.8056 9.80511 9.8053
9.8051 9.8050 9.80"8 9.80_6 9.80"5 9.80"3 9.80"2 9.80"0 9.8039 9.8037
9.8036 9.803" 9.8033 9.8031 9.8029 9.8028 9.8026 9.8025 9.8023 9.8022
9.8020 9.8019 9.8017 9.8016 9.801" 9.8013 9.8011 9.8009 9.8008 9.8006
9.8005 9.8003 9.8002 9.8000 9.7999 9.7997 9.7996 9.799" 9.7992 9.7991
9.1989 9.7988 9.7986 9.7985 9.7983 9.7982 9.7980 9.7979 9.7977 9.7975

1.32111 + 1 1.3152 1.3090 1.3028 1.2967 1.2905 1.28.... 1.2783 1.2723 1.2663
1.2602 + 1 1.25103 1.21183 1.2"23 1.236" 1.2305 1.22"6 1.2188 1.2129 1.2071
1.2013 + 1
1.1955 1.1898 1.18"1 1.1783 1.1727 1.1670 1.1613 1.1557 1.1501
1.1....5 + 1 1.1390 1.133" 1.1279 1.122_ 1.1169 1. Ill" 1.1060 1.1006 1.0952
1.0898 + 1 1.08_1o 1.0791 1.0738 1.0685 1.0632 1.0580 1.0527 1.0"75 1.0"23
1.0371 + 1 1.0320 1.0268 1.0217 1.0166 1.0115 1.0065 1.001" 9.96"0 + 0 9.9139
9.86'" + 0 9.81 .... 9.7650 9.7157 9.6667 9.6178 9.5691 9.5206 9.10723 9 ...2.. 1
9.3762 + 0 9.328" 9.2809 9.2335 9.1863 9.1393 9.0925 9.0"58 8.999" 8.9531

8622.1 8612.7 8603.3 8593.9 858".6 8575.2 8565.8 8556." 85"7.1 8537.7
8528.3 8518.9 8509.5 8500.2 8"90.8 8"81." 8472.0 8"62.6 8"53.3 8""3.9
8"3".5
8"25.1 8"15.7 8"06." 8397.0 8387.6 8378.2 8368.8 8359.5 8350. I
83"0.7 8331.3 8321.9 8312.5 8303.2 8293.8 828 ..... 8275.0 8265.6 8256.2
82"6.8 8237.5 8228.1 8218.1 8209.3 8199.9 8190.5 8181.1 8171.7 8162.3
8153.0 81"3.6 813".2 812".8 8115." 8106.0 8096.6 8087.2 8077.8 8068."
8059.1 80"9.7 80"0.3 8030.9 8021.5 8012.1 8002.7 7993.3 7983.9 79711.5
7965.1 7955.7 79"6.3 7936.9 7927.5 7918.1 7908.7 7899.3 7889.9 78BO.5

2.8008 +25 2.7877 2.77"6 2.7616 2.71086 2.7357 2.7228 2.7099 2.6971 2.68 ....
2.6717 +25 2.6590 2 . 6 .. 6.. 2.6338 2.6213 2.6088 2.596" 2.58"0 2.5717 2.559"
2.5_71 +25
2.53"9 2.5228 2.5107 2.11986 2."866 2._7116 2._621 2.11508 2."389
2."271 +25 2."153 2."036 2.3919 2.3803 2.3687 2.3572 2.3"57 2.33"2 2.3228
2~311_ +25 2.3001 2.2888 2.2716 2.2661o 2.2552 2.2 .... 1 2.2330 2.2220 2.2110
2.2000 +25 2.1891 2.1783 2.16111 2.1566 2.11059 2.1352 2.12"5 2.1139 2.1033
2.0928 +25 2.0823 2.0718 2.061" 2.0510 2.0"07 2.030" 2.0201 2.0099 1.9997
1.9896 +25 1.9795 1.969" 1.959" 1 . 9 .. 9.. 1.9395 1.9296 1.9197 1.9099 1.9001

"6".09 1063.810 1063.58 "63.32 "63.07 "62.81 1162.55 "62.30 "62.0" "61.78
"61.53 "61.27 1161.01 "60.75 ''60.109 "60.2" "59.98 "59.72 ..59 ...6 "59.20
"58.9"
"58.69 1158.113 1158.17 "51.91 1157.65 1157.39 "57.13 "56.87 "56.61
1156.35 "56.09 "55.83 _55.57 "55.31 "55.05 "5".18 "5".52 115_.26 "5_.00
_53.7_ ''53.108 "53.21 "52.95 "52.69 "52.113 "52.17 "51.90 "51.6" .. 5 1 . 3 8
1051.11 "50.85 "50.59 "50.32 "50.06 "109.79 ""9.53 "109.27 .... 9 . 0 0 .... 8.7..
"108.117 .... 8.21 .... 7.9" "47.68 "47.101 "47.15 "106.88 .... 6.61 "116.35 .... 6 . 0 8
.... 5.82 .... 5.55 .... 5.28 .... 5.02 .... 10.75
."."..".....2.18 10"3.95 "103.68 .... 3... 1

7.6938 + 9 7.6535 7.613" 7.573" 7.5337 7... 9..0 7."5"6 7."153 7.3762 7.3372
7.298" + 9 7.2598 7.2213 7.1830 7.1 ....9 7.1069 7.0691 7.031_ 6.9939 6.9565
6.9193 + 9
6.8823 6.8115" 6.8087 6.7721 6.7357 6.6995 6.6633 6.62711 6.5916
6.5560 + 9 6.5205 6."851 6.....99 6." 1119 6.3800 6.3"53 6.3107 6.2762 6.2"20
6.2018 + 9 6.1738 6.1"00 6.1063 6.0727 6.0393 6.0061 5.9729 5.9"00 5.9071
5.87.... + 9 5.8"19 5.8095 5.7772 5.71051 5.1131 5.6813 5.6"96 5.6181 5.5866
5.555" + 9 5.52"2 5."932 5 ...62.. 5."316 5."011 5.3706 5.3"03 5.3101 5.2801
5.2501 + 9 5.220" 5.1907 5.1612 5.1318 5.1026 5.0735 5.0""5 5.0156 ".9869

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

6.0321 - 8 6.0605 6.0890 6. I 178 6.1"67 6.1757 6.2050 6.23 .... 6.2639 6.2937
6.3236 - 8 6.3537 6.38"0 6."1"5 6..... 51 6.4759 6.5069 6.5381 6.5695 6.6010
6.6328 - 8
6.6647 6.6968 6.7292 6.7617 6 . 7 9 .... 6.8273 6.860" 6.8936 6.9271
6.9608 - 8 6.99117 7.0288 7.0631 7.0976 7.132" 7.1673 7.202" 7.2378 7 .273_
7.3092 - 8 7.3"52 1.381_ 7.1o 178 7."5"5 7."911o 7.5285 7.5658 7.603" 7.6"12
7.6793 - 8 7.7175 7.7560 7.79"8 7.8338 7.8730 7.91210 7.9522 7.9921 8.0323
8.0728 - 8 8.1135 8.15.... 8.1957 8.2371 8.2189 8.3209 8.3631 8."056 8 . . . . . 8..
8."915 - 8 8.53"8 8.518" 8.6223 8.6665 8.7109 8.7556 8.8006 8.8"59 8.8915

28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96_
28.96" 28.96" 28.96_ 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.961o
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96"
28.96_ 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96_
28.96_ 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96_ 28.96_
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.96" 28.96 .. 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96_ 28.96"

TABLE 1I.-Continued 65
GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Z,
--- --

Altitude
m H, m
--

Accel. due to
gravity g,msec'z

w,

Specific weight kg m'2 sec·2

Pressure scale height
Hp , m

-1000 -950 -900
--e6o5o0
-750 -700 -650 -600 -550

-1000 -950 -900 -650 -600 -750 -100 -650 -600
-550

9.8097 9.6096
9.609" 9.6093 9.6091 9.6090 9.6066 9.8087 9.8085
9.8083

1.321" + I 1.3152 1.3090
1.3026 1.2961 1.2905 1.28 .... 1.21811 1.2723
1.2663

8622.1 6612.7 6603.3
85911.0 656".6 8515.2 8565.8 8556." 8547.1
8531.7

-500 -1150 -1100
-350 -300 -250 -200
-150 -100
-50

-500
-"50 - ..00 -350 -300 -250 -200
-150 -100
-50

9.8082 9.8080 9.8079
9.8077 9.6076
9.607" 9.6073
9.8071 9.8070 9.8068

1.2603 + 1
1.25"3 1.2"83 1.2"23 1.23611 1.230S
1.22"6 1.2188 1.2129 1.2071

8528.3 6518.9 8509.5 8500.2 6"90.6 6.. 61." 61172.0
8"62.6 8"53.3 8.... 3.9

0

0 9.8066 1.2013 + 1

8"3".5

50

50 9.8065 1.1955

100

100 9.8063 1.1898

150

150 9.8062 1.18"1

200

200 9.8060 1.1783

250

250 9.8059 1.1727

300

300 9.8057 1.1670

350

3S0 9.8056 1.1613

1100

1100 9.805" 1.1557

_50

1150 9.8053 1.1501

81125.1 81115.7
8"06." 8397.0 8387.6 8318.2 8368.8 8359.S 8350.1

500

500 9.8051 1. , .... 5 + 1

83_0.7

550

550 9.8050 1.1390

8331.3

600

600 9.80118 1.133"

8321.9

650

650 9.80116 1.1279

8312.5

700

700 9.80"5 1.122"

8303.2

750

7S0 9.80"3 1.1169

8293.8

800

800 9.80"2 1.1115

828.....

850

850 9.80"0 1.1060

8275.0

900

900 9.8039 1.1006

8265.6

950

950 9.8037 1.0952

8256.3

1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 , ..00
1.. 50

1000 1050
1100 1150 1200
1250 1300 1350 1.. 00 1.. 50

9.8036
9.803" 9.8033 9.8031
9.8029 9.8028 9.8026 9.8025 9.8023 9.8022

1.0898 + I
1.08"5 1.0791 1.0738
1.0685 1.0632 1.0580 1.0527 1.0"15 1.0"23

82116.9 8237.5 8228.1 8218.7 8209.3 8199.9 8190.6 8181.2 8171.8
8162."

1500 1550 1600
1650 1700 1750
1800 1850 1900 1950

1500 1550
1600 1650 1700 1750 1799 18.. 9
1899 19.. 9

9.8020 9.8019 9.8017
9.8016 9.801 .. 9.8013
9.8011 9.8009
9.8008 9.8006

1.0372 + 1 1.0320 1.0269
1.0217 1.0166 1.0116 1.0065 1.0015 9.96"5 + 0 9.91 ..5

8153.0
81"3.6
813".3 812".9 8115.5 8106.1 8096.7 8087.3 8077 .9
8068.6

2000
2050 21011 2150
2200 2250 2300 2350 2 .. 00
2.. 50

1999
20 .. 9 2099 21119 2199 22 .. 9 2299 23119 2399 2 .... 9

9.8005
9.8003 9.8002
9.8000 9.7999 9.7997 9.1996 9.7991! 9.7992 9.7991

9.86"7 + 0 9.8151 9.7657
9.71611 9 . 6 6 7 .. 9.6185 9.5699 9.52111 9.1t731 9.11250

8059.2
80119.8
80110." 8031.0 8021.6 8012.2 8002.8 7993.5
79811.1
797".7

2500 2550
2600 2650 2700
2750 2800 2850 2900
2950

21099
25119
2599 26 .. 9
2699 27 .. 9 2799 28 .. 9 2899
29 .. 9

9.7989
9.7988 9.7986 9.7985 9.1983 9.7982 9.7980 9.7979
9.7977
9.7976

9.3771 + 0
9.32911 9.2819
9.23"5 9.187" 9.1"010 9.0936 9.01170 9.0006
8.95"11

1965.3 7955.9
79116.5 7931. I 7927.7
7918." 7909.0 1899.6 7890.2
7880.8

Number density n, m' 3

Particle Collision speed frequency
V, m sec·1 v, sec'l

2.6009 +25 2.7677 2.77"6 2.7616 2.71166 2.7357 2.7226 2.7099 2.6971 2.68 ....
2.6717 +25 2.6590 2.6116" 2.6338 2.6213 2.6066 2.596" 2.58"0 2.5717 2.S59_
2.51t71 +25
2.53109 2.5228 2.5107 2."986 2.11866 2 . . . 7 .. 6 2."627 2.11508 2."389
2."211 +25 2.1115_ 2.11036 2.3920 2.3803 2.3688 2.3572 2.31157 2.33"3 2.3228
2.3115 +25 2.3001 2.2889 2.2776 2.26611 2.2553 2.2 ....2 2.2331 2.2221 2.2111
2.2001 +25 2. HI92 2.1783 2.1675 2.1567 2.1"60 2.1353 2.12117 2.11"0 2.1035
2.0929 +25 2.08211 2.0720 2.0616 2.0512 2.0"09 2.0306 2.0203 2.0101 1.9999
1.9898 +25 1.9797 1.9696 1.9596 1.91197 1.9397 1.9298 1.9200 1.9101 1.90011

"6".09 1163.6" "63.56 "63.32 "63.07 "62.61 "62.55 1162.30 1162.0" "61.16
"61.53 "61.27 "61.01 1160.15 1160 ...9 "60.2" "59.96 "59.72 ..59 ...6 "59.20
1158.911
1158.69 1158."3 "58.17 1157.91 1157.65 "57.39 "57.13 1156.87 1156.61
1156.35 1156.09 1155.83 1155.57 "55.31 1155.05 .. 5... 79 ..5... 52 "5".26 11511.00
"53.7" 1153."8 1153.22 1152.95 1152.69 1152."3 1152.17 1151.90 "51.6" 1151.38
"51.12 1150.85 "50.59 1150.32 "50.06 .... 9.80 .... 9.53 .... 9.27 11"9.00 11"8.711
.... 8 ...8 11"8.21 .... 7.95 11117.68 11117."2 11117.15 11"6.88 .. 116.62 11"6.35 .... 6.09
11"5.82 11115.55 .... 5.29 .... 5.02 ....... 75 ....... 119 ....... 22 11"3.95 11113.69 .... 3.112

7.6939 + 9 7.6536 7.6135 1.5735 1.5331 1...9.. ,
1." 5117 1.111511 1.3762 1.3373
7.2985 + 9 1.2598 1.22111 7.1630 7.1 ....9 7.1069 7.0691 7.031" 6.9939 6.9565
6.9193 + 9
6.8823 6.8.. 5.. 6.8087 6.7721 6.7357 6.6995 6.663" 6.627" 6.5916
6.5560 + 9 6.5205 6."852 6."500 6."150 6.3801 6.3"53 6.3108 6.2763 6.21121
6.2079 + 9 6.1739 6.1"01 6.106" 6.0729 6.0395 6.0062 5.9731 5.9"02 5.9073
5.87117 + 9 5.8"21 5.8098 5.7775 5.7"5" 5.7135 5.6816 5.6500 5.618.. 5.5870
5.5558 + 9 5.52116 5.11937 5.11628 5.11321 5.11015 5.3711 5.3"08 5.3106 5.2806
5.2507 + 9 5.2210 5.1913 5.1619 5.1325 5.1033 5.07112 5.0"52 5.016" ".9877

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

6.0320 - 6 6.060" 6.0669 6.1177 6.11166 6.1757 6.20"9 6.2343 6.2639 6.2937
6.3236 - 8 6.3537 6.38"0 6.IIH5 6 . . . . . S1 6.11759 6.5069 6.5381 6.5695 6.6010
6.6328 - 8
6.66117 6.6968 6.7292 6.1617 6.7911" 6.6273 6.8603 6.8936 6.9271
6.9608 - 8 6.99"7 1.0288 7.0631 7.0976 7.1323 1.1672 7.202" 7.2377 7.2733
1.3090 - 8 7.31150 7.3812 7."177 7.115"3 1."912 7.5283 1.5656 1.6032 7.6"10
7.6790 - 8 7.7172 7.7557 7.79 .... 7.833.. 1.8726 7.9120 7.9517 7.9917 8.0318
8.0723 - 8 8.1129 8.1539 8.1951 8.2365 8.2782 8.3202 8.362" 8.110119 8.11"76
8.10906 - 8 8.5339 8.5775 8.6213 8.6655 8.7099 8.75115 8.7995 8.810117 8.8903

26.96" 26.96" 28.96" 26.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.9611 26.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96_
28.9611
28.96" 28.96" 2 8 . 9 6 .. 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96_ 28.96 ..
28.96_ 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.9611 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 2 8 . 9 6 .. 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.9611 28.96 ..
28.9610 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96_ 28.9610 28.96"

668502 0 - 63 - 6

TABLE lI.-Continued 66
GEOPOTENTIAL ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

H,

Altitude
m Z,

m

Acce!. due to gravity
g,msec-2

Specific weight
w, kg m-zsec-z

Pressure scale height
Hp , m

3000 3050
3100 3150 3200 3250
3300 3350
3..00
3.. 50

3001 3051 3102 3152 3202 3252 3302 3352 3.. 02
31152

11.1111" 11.11172
11.11171 9.79611 11.7968 11.7966 9.1965 9.1963
11.11162
11.71160

8.11010 + a
8.8611
8.815" 8.7698 8.12"5 8.6193
8.63"3 8.58115 8.5.... 8 8.5004

1871.1 7861.7 1852.3
18"2.11 1833.6 18211.2
181".8 7805." 11116.0 1186.5

3500 3550 3600 3650 3700 3750 3BOO 3850 3900 3950
.. 000 .. 050 .. 100 .. 150 "200 .. 250 .. 300 .. 350 .... 00 .... 50
.. 500 4550 .. 600 .. 650 .. 700 .. 750 "800 .. 850 .. 900 11950

3502 3552 3602 3652 3702 3752 3802 3852 3902 3952
.. 003 .. 053 .. 103 .. 153 11203 4253 4303 .. 353 .... 03 .... 53
.. 503 .. 553 .. 603 .,653 .. 703 4754 .. 8 0 .. .. 8 5 .. .. 9011 1195 ..

11.7959 9.71157 9.1955 11.795" "9.7952 9.7951 11.711"11 11.111"8 11.7946 11.111"5
9.111"3 9.711"2 11.19..0 9.1938 9.7931 11.1935 9.79311 9.7932 9.7931 9.71129
11.71128 11.71126 11.7925 9.7923 9.71122 9.7920 9.71118 11.11117 11.7915 11.7914

8."561 + 0 8."119 8.3680 8.32"2 8.2807 8.2372 8.19"0 8.1510 8.1081 8.0653
8.0228 • 0 7.1180 .. 7.11382 1.8962 1.85.... 1.8127 1.7111 1.72118 7.6886 7.61076
7.6068 + a
1.5661 7.5256 7."852 7 ..... 51 7."051 1.3652 7.3255 1.2860 7.21167

1111.1 7767.7 1158.3 77118.9 71311.5 1130.1 1120.1 1111.3 1101.11 76112.5
1683.1 7673.1 166".3 765".9 16"5.5 1636.1 7626.1 7611.3 7601.9 7598.5
75811.1 7579.7 7570.3 7560.8 7551.10 75"2.0 7532.6 7523.2 7513.8 150 .....

5000 5050 5100 5150 5200 5250 5300 5350 5.. 00 5.. 50

500 .. 5051! 51011 5154
520" 525_
530~
5355 5.. 05
5"55

11.7912 9.1911 9.711011 9.7908
9.71106 11.11105 9.11103 11.7901 11.7900 11.78118

1.2075 + 0 1.168" 1.1296 7.01109 1.0523 7.01"0 6.9751 6.9311 6.89118 6.8620

1"115.0 1485.6 7"16.2 7"66.1 1"51.3 711 ..1.11 1"38.5 1"211.1 7"19.7 11110.3

5500
5550
5600 5650
5700 5750 5800 5850
5900 5950

5505
5555
5605 5655
5705 5155 5805 5855
5905 5956

9.18117 9.78115 9.181110 9.1892 9.7891 9.1889 11.7888 11.1886
9.7885 9.7883

6.82.... + 0
6.7870 6.7.,91
6.7126 6.6157
6.6389 6.6022 6.5657
6.521111 6.101132

11100.11
7391." 7382.0 7312.6 7363.2 7353.8 734 ..... 1335.0 1325.5 7316. I

6000 6050 6100 6150 6200 6250 6300 6350 6.. 00 6"50
6500 6550 6600 6650 6700 6150 6BOO 6S50 6900 6950

6006 6056 6106 6156 6206 6256 6306 6356 6.. 06
6"51
6507 6557 6607 6657 6107 6151 6801 6851 61107 61158

9.7881 9.7880 11.7878 11.7877 11.1815 1I~787" 11.7812 9.1811 9.78611 9.1868
9.1866 11.186" 9.7863 11.7861 9.7860 9.7858 9.1857 9.7855 9.185" 9.1852

6."572 + 0 6.10213 6.3856 6.3500 6.31116 6.2111" 6.2.... 3 6.20113 6.17115 6.1398
6.1053 + 0 6.01011 6.0367 6.0027 5.11687 5.11350 5.11013 5.8679 5.83"5 5.8013

1306.1 7291.3 1281.9 1278.5 7269.1 12511.6 7250.2 72100.8 1231 ... 1222.0
7212.5 7203.1 7193.1 11810.3 1174.11 1165." 7156.0 11"6.6 1137.2 1127.8

Number density n, m-3

Porticle Collision speed frequency
\i, m sec-I 11, sec-I

1.81103 +25 1.8806 1.8109 1.8613 1.8517 1.8"22 1.8326 1.8231 1.8137 1.8043
1.79"9 +25 1.7856 1.7763 1.7670 1.1578 1.7"86 1.13115 1.7303 1.1213 1.7122
1.1032 +25 1.61142 1.6853 1.616 .. 1.6676 1.6587 1.6"911 1.6"12 1.6325 1.6238
1.6151 +25 1.6065 1.5980 1.5811" 1.58011 1.57211 1.56..0 1.5556 1.51072 1.5389
1.5306 +25 1.5223 1.51"1 1.5059 1."1178 1."8116 1.4815 1.11735 1.1165 .. 1."575
1.....95 +25 1..... 16 1."337 1."258 1."180 1• .,102 1."0211
1.39111
1.3810 1.37113
1.3117 +25 1.3641 1.3565 1.3"90 1.3"15 1.33110 1.3266 1.3192 1.3118 1.30105
1.2972 +25 1.2899 1.2826 1.27511 1.2682 1.2611 '.2539 1.2"68 1.2398 1.2328

.... 3.1 .. .... 2.88 .... 2.61 .... 2.3.. .... 2.01 11111.80 "111.53 .... 1.26 .... 0.911 .... 0.72
.... 0 ...5 .... 0.19 4311.112 11311.65 439.37 "39.10 "38.83 "38.56 "38.211 "38.02
"37.75 431.108 "37.21 "36.93 "36.66 1136.39 "36.12 "35.85 "35.57 1135.30
1035.03 "310.75 .. 3 . . . . . 8 "3".21 1033.93 433.66 "33.311 1133.11 "32.8" "32.56
432.29 432.01 431.7 .. 431."6 "31.19 1130.111 1130.64 "30.36 _30.08 11211.81
"211.53 1129.26 1128.118 1128.70 1028.42 1128.15 1127.87 "21.59 "27.31 1027 .04
1026.16 1026 ...8 426.20 "25.92 1125.6_ "25.36 "25.08 102".80 ..2 ... 53 "2".25
"23.91 "23.68 "23.100 "23.12 .. 22.8.. _22.56 "22.28 _22.00 _21.72 .. 21 .....

".11583 ".921111

•

II

".9015

".8133

11.8"52

".8173

11.1895

".1618

".13.. 2

4.1068

4.67115 + II
".6523 ".6252 10.5983 10.5714 ... 5....7
4.5182 4."1117 ..... 65.. ..... 392

..... 131 10.3812

•

II

".3613

".3356

".3100

" . 2 8 .. 5

".25112

".23311

".2088

".1838

10.15811 4.1341

•

9

".1095

".08.. 9

11.0605

".0362

".0120

3.11880

3.116"0

3.11"01

3.1116" + 9 3.8928 3.8693
3.8"511 3.8226 3.11111" 3.17611
3.753" 3.7306 3.1078

3.6852 + II 3.6621
3.6"03 3.6180 3.51158 3.5737 3.5518 3.52911
3.5081 3.4865

3... 6..9 + 9 3.....35 3 • .,221
3."009 3.3198 3.3588 3.3378 3.3110 3.21163 3.2751

3.2552 • 9 3.23168 3.21"5 3.111"2 3.11"1
3. IS.. ' 3.13"2 3.11 .... 3.09117 3.0151

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

8.9314 - 8 8.9835 9.0300 9.0767 9.1238 9.1712 11.2188 9.2668 9.3150 9.3636
9."125 - 8 9.4617 9.5113 9.5611 9.6113 9.6618 9.7126 9.7638 9.8153 9.8611
9.9193 - 8 11.9718 1.0025 - 1 1.0018 1.0131 1.0185 1.02"0 1.0211" 1.03'+9 1 . 0 .. 0..
1.0"60 - 7 1.0516 1.0513 1.0629 1.0687 1.0711" 1.0802 1.0861 1.01119 1.01118
1.1038 - 7 1.1098 1.1158 1.12111 1.1280 1.13"2 1.1_0.. 1.11166 1.1529 1.1592
1.1656 - 7 1.1720 1.178" 1.18"9 1.11115 1.11180 1.20"1 1.2113 1.2181 1.22"8
1.2311 - 7 1.2385 1.2_5_ 1.252" 1.2511" 1.266" 1.2735 1.2801 1.2879 1.2951
1.302" - 7 1.30118 1.3112 1.32"6 1.3322 1.33117 1.3"13 1.3550 1.3627 1.3105

28.116" 28.116" 28.96" 28.116" 28.116" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.1164
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.116" 28.116" 28.116" 28.96" 28.116"
28.96" 28.11610 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.116" 28.116" 28.96" 28.116" 28.116"
28.116" 28.1164 28.116" 28.116" 28.116" 28.96" 28.116" 28.116 .. 28.116" 28.116"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.116" 28.96" 28.96" 28.116" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611
28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.964 28.9611 28.96" 28.116" 28.116" 28.116" 28.11610
28.9610 28.96" 28.9611. 28.11611 28.116" 28.116" 28.96" 28.96" 28.116" 28.116"
28.116" 28.9610 28.116" 28.9610 28.9610 28.96" 28.9611 28.116" 28.964 28.116 ..

TABLE lI.-Continued
67
GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude
Z, m H,

m

Accel due to gravity
g,msec-2

w,

Specific weight kg m-t sec-2

Pressure scale height
Hp , m

3000 3050 3100 3150 3200 3250
:noo
3350 3400 3 .. 50
3500 3550 3600 3650 3100 3750 3800 3e50 3900 3950
.. 000 .. 050 .. 100 4150 .. 200 4250 .. 300 .. 350 .... 00 .... 50
.. 500 .. 550 .. 600 .. 650 11700 .. 750 11800 .. 8 5 0 11900 .. 950
5000 5050 5100 5150 5200 5250 5300 5350 5.. 00 5.. 50
5500 5550 5600 5650 5700 5750 5800 5850 5900 5950
6000 6050 6100 6150 6200 6250 6300 6350 6 .. 0 0 6.. 50
6500 6550 6600 6650 6700 6750 6800 6850 6900 6950

2999 30 .. 9 3098 31 .. 8 3198 32 ..8 3298 33.. 8 3398 3.... 8
3.. 9 8 35 .. 8 3598 36 .. 8 3698 3 7 .. 8 3798 38.. 8 3898 39 .. 8
3997 ..0 ..7 .. 097
"'1<7 .. 197 42117 .. 297 431<7 4397 ...... 7
.... 97 .. 5 .. 7 .. 597 46 .. 7 .. 6 9 7 471t6 .. 7 9 6 48"6 .. 8 9 6 .. 9.. 6
.. 996 50116 5096 51"6 5196 52 .. 6 5296 53 .. 6 5395 5.... 5
5.. 95 55 .. 5 5595 56.. 5 5695 57"5 5795 58.. 5 5895 59 ....
599 .. 60 .... 60911 61 .... 6 1 9 .. 62 .. 10 62911 63.. 10 639 .. 6.... 3
6.. 9 3 65.. 3 6593 66.. 3 6693 671<3 6793 68 .. 3 6893 69.. 2

9.797" 9.7972 9.7971 9.7969 9.7968 9.7966 9.7965 9.7963 9.7962 9.7960
9.7959 9.7957 9.7956 9.195" 9.1952 9.7951 9.79"9 9.7948 9.79"6 9.79"5
9.7943 9.7942 9.79"0 9.7939 9.7937 9.7935 9.793" 9.7932 9.7931 9.7929
9.7928 9.7926 9.7925 9.7923 9.7922 9.7920 9.7919 9.7917 9.7915 9.791"
9.7912 9.1911 9.7909 9.7908 9.7906 9.7905 9.7903 9.7902 9.7900 9.7899
9.7897 9.7895 9.789" 9.7892 9.7891 9.7889 9.7888 9.7886 9.7885 9.1883
9.7882 9.7880 9.7879 9.7877 9.7875 9.78711 9.7812 9.7871 9.7869 9.7868
9.7866 9.7865 9.7863 9.7862 9.7860 9.7859 9.7857 9.7855 9.785 .. 9.7852

8.9083 + 0 8.8625 8.8168 8.7713 8.7259 8.6808 8.6358 8.5910 8.5"611
8.502~
8."578 + 0 8."131 8.3698 8.3261 8.2825 8.2392 8.1960 8.1530 8.1101 8.0674
8.02"9 + 0 7.9826 7.9"05 7.8985 7.8567 7.8150 7.7136 7.1323 7.6911 7.6502
7.609" + 0 7.5687 7.5283 7."880 7 ... 1179 7.4079 7.3681 7.3285 7.2890 7.2"97
7.2105 + 0 7.1716 7.1328 7.09"1 7.0556 7.0173 6.9791 6.9"11 6.9032 6.8655
6.8280 + 0 6.7906 6.75311 6.71611 6.679" 6.6"27 6.6061 6.5691 6.533" 6."973
6."613 + 0
6.~255
6.3898 6.35"3 6.3189 6.2837 6.2"86 6.2137 6.1790 6.1 .... 3
6.1099 + 0 6.0756 6.0.. 1.. 6.007" 5.9735 5.9398 5.9062 5.8728 5.8395 5.806"

7871." 7862.0 7852.6 7843.2 7833.9 782".5 1815.1 1805.7 1796.3 1786.9
1771.5 1768.1 1758.7 1749.3 1739.9 7730.6 7721.2 7711.8 7702." 7693.0
7683.6 767".2 766".8 7655 ... 76"6.0 7636.6 7621.2 7617 .8 7608.5 7599.1
7589.7 7580.3 7570.9 7561.5 7552.1 75"2.7 7533.3 7523.9 751".5 7505.1
7"95.7 7It86.3 7"76.9 7"67.5 71<58.1 7 .... 8.1 7"39.3 7"29.9 7"20.6 7411.2
1401.8 7392." 7383.0 7373.6 736".2 735".8 73 ..5." 7336.0 7326.6 7317.2
1307.8 7298." 7289.0 7279.6 1270.2 7260.8 7251." 72112.0 7232.6 7223.2
1213.8 120 ..... 7195.0 7185.6 7116.2 7166.8 7157." 711.8.0 7138.6 7129.2

Number
density n, m-s

Particle Collision speed frequency
\i, m sec-' II, sec-'

1.8906 +25 1.8809 1.8712 1.8616 1.8520 1.8"25 1.8330 1.8235 1.814Q 1.8046
1.1953 +25 1.7859 1.1767 1.761" 1.7582 1.7"90 1.7399 1.7308 1.1217 1.7127
1.7037 +25 1.69117 1.6858 1.6769 1.6680 1.6592 1.6505 '.6",7 1.6330 1.62"3
1.6157 +25 1.6071 1.5985 1.5900 1.5815 1.5130 1.56"6 1.5562 1.51179 1.5395
1.5313 +25 1.5230 1.51118 1.5066
1."98~
1."903 1."822 1.111"2 1.11662 1."582
1.11502 +25 1.11"23 1... 3.... 1.11266 1."188 1."110 1."032 1.3955 1.3878 1.3602
1.3726 +25 1.3650 1.357.. 1.3"99
1.3"2~
1.3350 1.3275 1.3201 1.3128 1.305"
1.2981 +25 1.2909 1.2836 1.27610 1.2692 1.2621 1.2550 1.21t79 1.2"08 1.2338

.... 3.15 "42.88 .... 2.62 .... 2.35 4"2.08 .... 1.81 .... 1.5.. "41.21 441.00 .... 0.13
.... 0.117 .... 0.20 .. 39.93 "39.66
.. 39039
"39.12 "38.85 "38.58 "38.31 438.03
"37.76 .. 37...9 "37.22 "36.95 .. 36.68 1136.111 436.13 "35.86 435.59 "35.32
"35.05 "3".77 .. 311.50 113".23 "33.95 "33.68 .. 33 ... 1 "33.13 "32.86 432.58
"32.31 1132.0" .. 3 1 . 7 6 "31.119 "31.21 1130.9" 1130.66 "30.39 "30.11 1129.83
"29.56 "29.28 "29.01 "28.73 1128."5 1128.18 "27.90 1027.62 "27.3" .. 27.07
"26.79 "26.51 "26.23 "25.96 "25.68 ..25 ...0 1125.12 "2".8" "2".56 "2".28
112".00 "23.72 1023 ..... "23.16 "22.88 1122.60 1022.32 1122.0" "21.76 1121.118

".9591 + 9 ".9307 ".902" ".871t2 ".8.. 61 ".8182 ... 790., 4.7628 4.7352 ".7018
".6805 + 9 ".6533 ".6263 ".599" ".5726 ".51159 ".519" ..... 930 ..... 667 ....... 05
..... , ..11 + 9 ".3885 4.3627 ".3370 11.311" 11.2860 4.2606 4.235" ".2103 11.185"
".1605 + 9 ... 1357 11.1111 ".0866 11.0622 11.0379 11.0138 3.9897 3.9658 3.9420
3.9183 + 9 3.89"7 3.8712 3.8"78 3.82116 3.80111 3.77811 3.7555 3.13H 3.7099
3.687" + 9 3.66119 3.6"25 3.6202 3.5981 3.5760 3.55.,1 3.5322 3.5105 3.11889
3 ... 67.. + 9 3.111159 3 . . . 2 .. 6 3 . . . 0 3 .. 3.3823 3.3613 3.311010 3.3196 3.2990 3.27811
3.2579 + 9 3.2375 3.2112 3.1970 3.1770 3.1570 3.1371 3.1113 3.0976 3.0781

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

8.9361 - 8 8.9822. 9.0286 9.0753 9.1223 9.1696 9.2172 9.2651 9.3133 9.3618
9."106 - 8 9."598 9.5092 9.5590 9.6091 9.6596 9.7103 9.76111 9.8128 9.8646
9.9166 - 8 9.9691 1.0022 - 7 1.0075 1.0128 1.0182 1.0236 1.0291 1.03116 1.01101
1.0"57 - 7 1.0513 1.0569 1.0626 1.0683 1.07"0 1.0798 1.0856 1.0915 1.097"
1.1033 - 7 1.1093 1.1153 1.12111 1.1275 1.1336 1.1398 1.1"60 1.1523 1.1586
1.1650 - 7 1.1713 1.1778 1.18113 1.1908 1.191" 1.20"0 1.2106 1.2173 1.22"1
1.2309 - 7 1.2377 1.2 .... 6 1.2515 1.2585 1.2656 1.2726 1.2798 1.2870 1.29112
1.3015 - 7 1.3088 1.3162 1.3236 1.3311 1.3386 1.3"62 1.3539 1.3616 1.3693

28.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.964 28.964 28.96"
28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611
28.96" 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.96" 28.9611 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.96"
28.96~
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"

TABLE n.-Continued 68
GEOPOTENTIAL ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

H,

Altitude
m Z,

m

Accel. due to gravity
g,msec-2

w,

Specific
weight kg m-z sec-2

Pressure scale height
Hp, m

7000 1050 7100 7150 7200 7250 7300 7350 7.. 00 71150
7500 7550 7600 7650 7700 7750 7800 7850 7900 7950
8000 8050 8100 8150 8200 8250 8300 8350 8"00 8 .. 5 0
8500 8550 8600 8650 8700 8750 8800 8e50 8900 8950
9000 9050 9100 9150 9200 9250 9300 9350 91100 9lt50
9500 9550 9600 9650 9700 9750 9800 9850 9900 9950
10000 10050 10100 10150 10200 10250 10300 10350 101100 10 .. 50
10500 10550 10600 10650 10700 10150 10800 10850 10900 10950

7008 7058 7108 7158 7208 7258 7308 7359 7.. 09 7 .. 59
7509 7559 7609 7659 7709 7759 7810 7860 1910 7960
8010 8060 8110 8160 8211 8261 8311 8361 8.. 11 81161
8511 8562 8612 8662 8712 8762 8812 8862 8912 8963
9013 9063 9113 9163 9213 9263 931 .. 9364 91t1 .. 9 .. 6..
95111 95611 9615 9665 9715 9765 9815 9865 9915 9966
10016 10066 10116 10166 10216 10267 10317 10367 10.. 17 101t67
10517 10568 10618 10668 10718 10768 10818 10869 10919 10969

9.7851 9.18"9 9.78"8 9.7846 9.78.... 9.7843 9.78"1 9.78"0 9.7838 9.7837
9.7835 9.783" 9.7832 9.7831 9.7829 9.7827 9.7826 9.7821t 9.7823 9.7821
9.7820 9.7818 9.1817 9.7815 9.781" 9.7812 9.7811 9.7809 9.7807 9.7806
9.7804 9.7803 9.7801 9.7800 9.7798 9.7797 9.7795 9.77911 9.7792 9.7791
9.7789 '1.7787 9.7786 9.778" 9.7783 9.7781 9.7780 9.7778 9.7777 9.7775
9.777" 9.7772 9.7770 9.7769 9.7767 9.7766 9.77611 9.7763 9.7761 9.7760
9.7758 9.7757 9.7755 9.775" 9.7752 9.1750 9.71119 9.77117 9.77116 9 . 7 7 ....
9.77113 9.77111 9.7740 9.7738 9.7737 9.7735 9.77311 9.7732 9.7730 9.7729

5.7683 + 0 5.735" 5.7026 5.6700 5.6376 5.6052 5.5731 5.5"10 5.5091 5.10774
5 .....57 + 0 5.10 lit 3 5.3829 5.3517 5.3207 5.2897 5.2589 5.2283 5.1978 5.16710
5.1372 + 0 5.1071 5.0771 5.0"73 5.0176 ... 9880 ... 9586 11.9293 ... 9001 ... 8711
".8.. 22 + a ".813" 11.78"8 ".7563 ".7279 ... 6997 ... 6715 ".61136 ".6157 11.5880
4.560" + 0 4.5329 ... 5055 ... 11783 ..... 512 11.11243 1J.3971t 4.3707 ... 3.... 1 1t.3176
4.2913 + 0 ".2651 11.2390 4.2130 4.1871 4.16111 ".1358 ".1103 " . 0 8 .. 9 ".0597
".03.. 5 + 0 ".0095 3.9846 3.9599 3.9352 3.9107 3.8862 3.8619 3.8378 3.8137
3.7897 + 0 3.7659 3.7"22 3.7186 3.6951 3.6717 3.6118" 3.6253 3.6022 3.5793

1118.3 1108.9 7099.5 7090.1 1080.6 7071.2 1061.8 7052." 70103.0 7033.5
702".1 701".7 7005.3 6995.8 6986 ... 6977 .0 6967.5 6958.1 69lt8.7 6939.3
6929.8 6920 ... 6911. a 6901.6 6892.1 6882.7 6873.3 6863.8 685 ..... 68"5.0
6835.5 6826.1 6816.7 6807.2 6797.8 6788.1J 6779.0 6769.5 6760.1 6750.7
67111.2 6731.8 6722.3 6712.9 6703.5 6694.0 6684.6 6675.2 6665.7 6656.3
6646.9 6637 .4 6628.0 6618.6 6609.1 6599.7 6590.2 6580.8 6571." 6561.9
6552.5 65113.0 6533.6 6524.2 651".7 6505.3 6495.8 6"86.4 61176.9 6467.5
6"58.1 6....8.6 6439.2 6"29.7 61120.3 6"10.8 6..01." 6392.0 6382.5 6373. I

Number density n, m-3

Particle Collision
speed frequency
V, m sec-I v, sec-I

1.2257 +25 1.2188 1.2118 1.2049 1.1980 1.1912 1.18,.4 1.1776 1.1708 1.16"1
1.1574 +25 1.1507 1.1 .... 1 1.1375 1.1309 1.12lt3 1.1178 1.1113 1.10118 1.098"
1.0920 +25 1.0856 ' 1.0792 1.0729 1.0666 1.060" 1.05"1 1.01t79 1.0"11 1.0356
1.029" +25 1.0233 1.0173 1.0112 1.0052 9.9922 +21J 9.9325 9.8732 9.81"1 9.7553
9.6968 +211 9.6385 9.5805 9.5228 9.11653 9.4081 9.3512 9.29115 9.2381 9.1819
9.1261 +2" 9.070" 9.0151 8.9600 8.9051 8.8505 8.7962 8.71121 8.6883 8.63107
8.581" +2" 8.5283 8.4755 8.4230 8.3706 8.3186 8.2668 8.2152 8.1639 8.1128
8.0620 +24 8.01\11 7.9610 7.9109 7.8611 7.81\5 7.7621 7.7129 7.66"0 7.6154

"21.15 "20.87 "20.59 .. 2 0 . 3 1 .. 20.02 "19.711 .. 19 ...6 "19.18 1118.89 "18.61
"18.32 "18.0" "17.76 .. 17... 7 II 17.19 1116.90 "16.62 1t16.33 "16.05 "15.76
1t15."8 "15.19 111".90 "1".62 "1".33 "1".0" "13.76 .. 13...7 1t13.18 "12.89
1112.61 "12.32 "12.03 Itll.7lI 1111."5 "11.16 1110.88 1010.59 1110.30 "10.01
"09.72 1I09.lt3 409.1" 1108.85 1108.56 "08.27 1107.97 "07.68 1107.39 "07.10
"06.81 "06.52 "06.22 1105.93 405.6.. "05.35 405.05 ItOll.76 ..0 .....7 110".17
403.88 "03.58 "03.29 "02.99 "02.70 ..02 ...0 402.11 "01.81 "01.52 "01.22
"00.93 1100.63 "00.33 "00.04 399.1It 399 ..... 399.1" 398.85 398.55 398.25

3.0556 + 9 3.0362 3.0168 2.9976 2.9785 2.9595 2.91105 2.9217 2.9030 2.88"3
2.8658 + 9 2.81073 2.8290 2.8107 2.7925 2.77.... 2.756" 2.7385 2.7207 2.7030
2.685" + 9 2.6679 2.65011 2.6331 2.6158 2.5987 2.5816 2.56"6 2.5"77 2.5309
2.51"1 + 9 2."915 2.11809 2."6"5 2 .....81 2.1J318 2."156 2.3995 2.383" 2.3675
2.3516 + 9 2.3358 2.3201 2.30115 2.2890 2.2735 2.2581 2.2"28 2.2276 2.2125
2.1975 + 9 2.1825 2.1676 2.1528 2.1381 2.1235 2.1089 2.09 .... 2.0800 2.0657
2.051" + 9 2.0373 2.0232 2.0092 1.9952 1.9814 1.9676 1.9539 1.9"02 1.9267
1.9132 + 9 1.8998 1.886" 1.8732 1.8600 1.81169 1.8338 1.8209 1.8080 1.7951

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

1.3783 - 7 1.3862 1.39"1 1."021 1.11102 1."183 1."265 1 . . . 3117 1 . . . . . 30 1."513
1."597 - 7 1."682 1."767 1."853 l.lt939 1.5027 1.511" 1.5203 1.5292 1.5381
1.51072 - 7 1.5563 1.56511 1.57116 1.5839 1.5933 1.6027 1.6122 1.6218 1.631"
1.61112 - 7 1.6509 1.6608 1.6707 1.6807 1.6908 1.7009 1.7112 1.7215 1.7318
1.71123 - 1 1.7528 1.76311 1.77111 1.78119 1.7958 1.8067 1.8177 1.8288 1.8ltOO
1.8513 - 7 1.8626 1.87"0 1.8856 1.8972 1.9089 1.9207 1.9326 1.94115 1.9566
1.9688 - 7 1.9810 1.9933 2.0058 2.0183 2.0310 2.01137 2.0565 2.06911 2.0825
2.0956 - 7 2.1088 2.1222 2.1356 2.11192 2.1628 2.1766 22..21 900.. _"
2.2185

28.96" 28.9611 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.961t 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.9611 28.96" 28.96 .. 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.961J 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611
28.964 28.96IJ 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96"
28.96" 28.9611 28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.964 28.96" 28.96"
28.9611 28.964 28.96", 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96"

TABLE IT.-Continued 69
GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Z,

Altitude m H,

m

Accel. due to gravity g,msec-~

w,

Specific weight kg m-2 sec-2

Pressure scale height
Hp, m

Number
density n, m-a

Particle Collision
speed frequency
V, m sec-I 71, sec-I

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

1000 1050 1100 1150 1200 1250 1300 1350 11000 11150
1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 7150 1800 1850 1900 1950
8000 8050 8100 8150 8200 8250 8300 8350 81100 81150
8500 8550 8600 8650 8100 8150 8800 8850 8900 8950
9000 9050 9100 9150 9200 9250 9300 9350 9 .. 00 9 .. 50
9500 9550 9600 9650 9100 9750 9800 9850 9900 9950
10000 10050 10100 10150 10200 10250 10300 10350 101000 10450
10500 ,0550 /10600' 10650 10700 10750 10800 10850 10900 10950

6992 10lt2 1092 71102 7192 72 .. 2 1292 13 .. 2 1391 71141
1 .. 91 1541 1591 1641 1691 17It 1 1790 1840 1890 79ltO
1990 80ltO 8090 81100 8189 8239 8289 8339 8389 8 .. 39
8 .. 8 9 8539 8588 8638 8688 8138 8188 8838 8888 8931
8981 9031 9087 9131 9181 9231 9286 9336 9386 9.. 36
9"86 9536 9586 9635 9685 9135 9185 9835 9885 9 9 3 ..
99810 100311 1008 .. 101310 101810 10233 10283 10333 10383 10.. 33
101083 10533 10582 10632 10682 10132 10182 10832 10881 10931

9.1851 9.18lt9 9.7848 9.18lt6 9.78lt5 9.18U 9.1842 9.1840 9.1839 9.1831
9.7835 9.18310 9.7832 9.1831 9.1829 9.1828 9.1826 9.1825 9.7823 9.1822
9.1820 9.1819 9.1811 9.1815 9.181" 9.7812 9.1811 9.1809 9.1808 9.1806
9.7805 9.1803 9.1802 9.1800 9.1799 9.1791 9.1796 9.17911 9.1792 9.1191
9.1189 9.1188 9.1786 9.7185 9.1183 9.1782 9.1180 9.7179 9.7111 9.1176
9.177" 9.1112 9.1111 9.1169 9.1768 9.7166 9.1165 9.7163 9.1162 9.7160
9.7159 9.7751 9.7756 9.775_ 9.7755 9.7751 9.11109 9.71"8 9.71106 9.77lt5
9.77"3 9.71112 9.71100 9.7139 9.7737 9.1736 9.713" 9.7133 9.1131 9.7129

5.1131t + 0 5.1405 5.1018 5.6153 5.61028 5.6106 5.5181t 5 . 5 .. 6 .. 5.51"6 5."829
5."513 + 0 5."199 5.3886 5.351" 5.326" 5.2956 5.26"8 5.23"2 5.2038 5.113"
5.1lt32 + 0 5.1132 5.0833 5.0535 5.0238 ".99113 ".96.. 9 11.9351 ".9066 It. 8176
10.8"81 + 0 ".8200 ".191" ... 1630 10.13106 10.706" ".618" 10.650" 4.6226 ".59.. 9
".561" + 0 1j.5399 10.5126 ..... 855 ..... 58.. ..... 315 ..... 0.. 1 ".3180 ".3515 10.3250
10.2981 + 0 ".2126 ".2 ..65 ".2206 11.19"8 10.1691 11.1"35 11.1180 11.0927 ... 0675
10.011210 + 0 10.0175 3.9926 3.9679 3.91033 3.9188 3.89.... 3.8101 3.81160 3.8219
3.1980 + 0 3.71112 3.7505 3.1270 3.7035 3.6802 3.6569 3.6338 3.6108 3.5879

1119.8 1110.10 7101.0 1091.6 1082.2 1012.8 1063 ... 105".0 70 ..... 6 1035.2
1025.8 1016." 1001.0 6991.6 6988.2 6978.8 6969.3 6959.9 6950.5 69ltl.l
6931.1 I 6922.3 6912.9 6903.5 68910.1 68810.1 6815.3 6865.9 6856.5 68ltl.1
6831.1 6828.3 6818.9 6809.5 6800.1 6190.1 6181.2 6171.8 6162." 6153.0
67"3.6 673".2 612".8 6115 ... 6106.0 6696.6 6681.2 6611.8 6668." 6658.9
66"9.5 66"0.1 6630.7 6621.3 6611.9 6602.5 6593.1 6583.1 651".3 656".9
6555 ... 65"6.0 6536.6 6527.2
6517. e
6508 ... 61199.0 61189.6 61080.2 61170.7
6"61.3 61051.9 6....2.5 6"33.1 6"23.7 6"1".3 6"010.9 6395.4 6386.0 6376.6

1.2268 +25 1.2199 1.2129 1.2060 1.1992 1.1923 1.1855 1.1781 1.1120 1.1653
1.1586 +25 1.1519 1.llt53 1.1387 1.1321 1.1256 1.1190 1.1126 1.1061 1.0991
1.0933 +25 1.0869 . 1.0806 1.01102 1.0680 1.0611 1.0555 1.01093 1.01031 1.0369
1.0308 +25 1.02111 1.0181 1.0126 1.0066 1.0001 9.91170 +210 9.8818 9.8288 9.1701
9.7116 +211 9.6535 9.5956 9.5319 9.la806 9."235 9.3666 9.3100 9.2531 9.1971
9.1"19 +2" 9.0863 9.0311 8.9161 8.9213 8.8668 8.8126 8.1586 8.70118 8.651"
8.5981 +211 8.SIoSI 8.1092" 8."399 8.3871 8.3351 8.28100 8.2325 8.1813 8.1303
8.0795 +2" 8.0290 7.9788 7.9288 1.8190 7.829" 7.1801 7.7311 7.6823 7.6337

1021.20 1t20.92 1020.63 1t20.35 "20.01 "19.19 419.51 "19.22 "18.911 "18.66
1t18.31
418.09
"11.81 "11.52 it 11. 2.. 416.96 "16.61 1t16.39 1116.10 1t15.82
1t15.53 1t15.25 414.96 "1".68 10110.39 101".10 1013.82 "13.53 "13.25 "12.96
"12.67 1012.38 "12.10 "11.81 "11.52 Itl1.23 "10.95 1010.66 1010.31 "10.08
"09.19 1109.50 "09.21 "08.92 1108.63 la08.3" "08.05 "01.16 ..01 ...1 "01.18
"06.89 "06.60 "06.31 "06.02 "05.72 "05.103 "05.111 10011.85 "01t.56 100".26
403.91 1103.68 "03.38 "03.09 1102.80 1102.50 1002.21 1001.91 "01.62 1101.32
1001.03 "00.73 1000.4" "00.1" 399.85 399.55 399.25 398.96 398.66 398.36

3.0586 + 9 3.0392 3.0199 3.0001 2.9816 2.9626 2.9"31 2.92"9 2.9062 2.8816
2.8690 + 9 2.8506 2.8323 2.81"0 2.1959 2.1178 2.1599 2.1"20 2.12112 2.1065
2.6889 + 9 2.6111t 2.6540 2.6361 2.6195 2.6023 2.5853 2.5683 2.55110 2.53106
2.5119 + 9 2.5013 2.108"8 2."683 2.11520 2.10357 2."195 2.1003" 2.38111 2.3115
2.3556 + 9 2.3399 2.32lt2 2.3086 2.2931 2.2176 2.2623 2.21170 2.2318 2.2167
2.2011 + 9 2.1868 2.1119 2.1511 2.1"210 2.1278 2.1133 2.0988 2.08.... 2.0701
2.0559 + 9 2.01118 2.0271 2.0137 1.9998 1.9859 1.9722 1.9585 1.9....8 1.9313
1.9118 + 9 1.901110 1.8911 1.8719
1.86111
1.8516 1.8386 1.8256 1.8128 1.8000

1.3111 - 1 1.3850 1.3929 1."008 1."089 1."170 1.4251 1."333 1..... 15 1.4"99
1.11582 - 1 1.4661 1."152 1.4831 1.4923 1.5010 1.5091 1.5185 1.5211t 1.5363
1.5"53 - 1 1.55lt4 1.5635 1.5121 1.5820 1.5913 1.6001 1.6101 1.6191 1.6293
1.6389 - 1 1.6"87 1.6585 1.668" 1.6183 1.68811 1.6985 1.1086 1.1189 1.1292
1.1396 - 1 1.1501 1.7601 1.1113 1.1820 1.1928 1.8031 1.811tT 1.8251 1.8368
1.8"81 - 1 1.8593 1.8101 1.8822 1.8931 1.90511 1.9111 1.9289 1.9408 1.9528
1.96109 - 1 1.9771 1.98911 2.0018 2.01112 2.0268 2.03911 2.0522 2.0650 2.0180
2.0910 - 1 2.10102 2.117" 2.1308 2.111"3 2.1518 2.1715 2.1853 2.1992 2.2132

28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.961t 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.961t 28.961t 28.964
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.9610 28.9610 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.961t 28.96 .. 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.9611
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.964 28.964
28.9611 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.9611

TABLE lI.-Continued
70
GEOPOTENTIAL ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

H,

Altitude
m Z,

m

AcceL due to gravity
g,msec-2

w,

Specific weight kg m-zsec-z

Pressure scale height
Hp , m

11000 11100 11200 11300 11 .. 00 11500 11600 11700
lleoo
11900
12000 12100 12200 12300 12 .. 00 12500 12600 12700 12800 12900
13000 13100 13200 13300 13lfOO 13500 13600 13100 13eoo 13900
14000 1.. 100 1.. 200 1.. 300 1.... 00 1.. 500 1.. 600 1.. 700 1.. 800 1.. 900
15COO 15100 15200 15300 15.. 00 15500 15600 15100 15eoo 15900
16000 16100 16200 16300 16..00 16500 16600 16100 16eoo 16900
11000 11100 11200 11300 111000 17500 11600 11700 17800 17900
18000 18100 18200 18300 18ltOO 18500 18600 18700 18800 18900

11019 11119 11220 11320 11 ..20 11521 11621 11122 11822 11922
12023 12123 12223 1232 .. 12424 12525 12625 12125 12826 12926
13021 13127 13227 13328 13428 13529 13629 13130 13830 13930
1.. 031 111131 11.232 110332 1.... 33 1.. 533 1.. 634 lH3 .. 14835 11,935
15035 15136 15236 15331 15.. 31 15538 15638 15739 15839 159.. 0
160..0 161 .. 1 162.. 1 163102 16....2 165.. 3 166.. 3 161 .... 168.. 5 169105
110.. 6 111106 172 ..1 113117 11.... 8 115108 116109 171109 17850 17951
18051 18152 18252 18353 18.. 53 1855 .. 18655 18155 18856 18956

9.7121 9.172" 9.7721 9.1118 9.1115 9.1712 9.7109 1).7106 9.1703 9.7100
9.7691 9.1693 9.1690 9.7681 9.168" 9.1681 9.7618 9.7615 9.7612 9.7669
9.1666 9.7663 9.1660 9.7651 9.7653 9.7650 9.76"7 9.76 .... 9.16"1 9.1638
9.1635 9.7632 9.7629 9.1626
9~1623
9.7620 9.7616 9.7613 9.1610 9.1607
9.160" 9.1601 9.1598 9.1595 9.7592 9.1589 9.7586 9.7583 9.7580 9.7516
9.7513 9.1510 9.1567 9.156" 9.1561 9.7558 9.7555 9.7552 9.15"9 9.15"6
9.75"3 9.15"0 9.1536 9.7533 9.1530 9.1527 9.15211 9.1521 9.7518 9.1515
9.7512 9.1509 9.1506 9.7503 9.7500 9.7"96 9.71193 9.7"90 9.7"87 9.1..8 ..

3.5565 + 0 3.5007 3 ..... 58 3.3918 3.3387 3.2863 3.23"8 3.18"1 3.13"2 3.0850
3.0367 + 0 2.9891 2.9"22 2.8961 2.8501 2.8060 2.7620 2.1187 2.6161 2.63"2
2.5929 + 0 2.5522 2.5122 2."728 2."3"1 2.3959 2.3583 2.32111 2.2850 2.21192
2.2139 + 0 2.1792 2.11150 2.11110 2.0783 2.0"51 2.0137 1.9821 1.9510 1.920"
1.8903 + 0 1.8607 1.8315 1.8028 1.17"6 1.7"61 1.119" 1.692" 1.6659 1.6398
1.61"1 + 0 1.5888 1.5638 1.5393 1.5152 1... 91 .. 1."681 1..... 51 1."22" 1."001
1.3182 + 0 1.3565 1.3353 1.3111" 1.2937 1.2135 1.2535 1.2339 1.21"5 1.1955
1.1761 + 0 1.1583 1.1401 1.1223 1.10H 1.0813 1.0703 1.0535 1.0370 1.0207

6U3.6 6363.8 636".0 63610.2 636 ..... 636".6 636".8 6365.0 6365.2 6365 ...
6365.6 6365.8 6366.0 6366.2 6366." 6U6.6 6366.8 6361.0 6361.2 6361."
6361.6 6361.8 6368.0 6368.2 6368.lf 6368.6 6368.8 6369.0 6369.2 6369 ...
6369.6 6369.8 6370.0 6370.2 6370." 6370.6 6370.8 6311.0 6371.3 6371.5
6311.1 6371.9 6372.1 6372.3 6312.5 6312.1 6372.9 6373.1 6313.3 6313.5
6313.7 6313.9 63110.1 63110.3 63711.5 637".1 637".9 6375.1 6375.3 6375.5
6375.7 6375.9 6316.1 6376.3 6376.5 6376.7 6376.9 6371.1 6371.3 6377.5
6377.7 6317.9 6318.1 6378.3 6318.5 6318.7 6318.9 6379. I 6379.3 6379.5

Number density n, m-3

Particle Collision
speed frequency
V, m sec-I lI, sec-I

1.5669 +210 7 ..... 86 1.3320 1.2173 1.10 .... 6.9932 6.BB38 6.7761 6.6701 6.5658
6."630 +2" 6.3619 6.262" 6.16 .... 6.0680 5.9130 5.8796 5.7676 5.6911 5.6019
5.5202 +210 5.4338 5.3"88 5.2651 5.1828 5.1017 5.0218 ".91133 ... 8659 10.7898
4.1149 +210 10.6"11 ".5685 ..... 970 ..... 267 ".357.. ".2892 4.2221 10.1561 ".0911
10.0211 +210 3.96.,0 3.9020 3.8"10 3.7809 3.1211 3.6635 3.61r62 3.5"98 3 ... 9 .. 2
3."396 +2" 3.3858 3.3328 3.2806 3.2293 3.1788 3.1291 3.0801 3.0319 2.98105
2.9378 +2" 2.8918 2.81066 2.8020 2.1582 2.7151 2.6126 2.6308 2.5896 2.51091
2.5092 +2" 2."100 2.11313 2.3933 2.3558 2.3190 2.2821 2.2410 2.2118 2.1112

391.95 391.95 397.95 391.95 397.95 397.95 391.95 391.95 391.95 391.95
391.95 397.95 391.95 391.95 397.95 391.95 397.95 391.95 391.95 391.95
397.95 391.95 397.95 391.95 397.95 391.95 397.95 397.95 391.95 391.95
391.95 391.95 391.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 391.95 391.95 391.95
391.95 391.95 391.95 391.95 397.95 391.95 397.95 391.95 397.95 391.95
391.95 397.95 391.95 391.95 391.95 391.95 397.95 397.95 391.95 397.95
397.95 391.95 391.95 397.95 397.95 391.95 397.95 391.95 397.95 397.95
397.95 397.95 391.95 391.95 391.95 397.95 391.95 397.95 397.95 397.95

1.1824 + 9 1.7545 1.1270 1.1000 1.613" 1.6H2 1.6215 1.5961 1.5711 1.5466
1.52210 + 9 1.4985 I.H51 1.4520 1."293 1."069 1.38"9 1.3633 1.31019 1.3209
1.3003 + 9 1.2799 1.2599 1.2"02 1.2208 1.2017 1.1829 1.16"4 1.1"62 1.1282
1.1106 + 9 1.0932 1.0161 1.0593 1.0.. 21 1.026" 1.0103 9.9"52 + 8 9.1896 9.63610
9."857 + 8 9.3313 9.1912 9.0H" 8.9058 8.1665 8.6293 8 ...9 .. 3 8.361" 8.2306
8.1019 + 8 7.9151 1.8503 1.1215 1.6066 1."816 1.3105 1.2552 1.1"16 1.0299
6.9199 + 8 6. B111 6.7051 6.6002 6."969 6.3953 6.2952 6.1967 6.0998 6.0011"
5.910" + 8 5.8179 5.7269 5.6313 5.5"91 5.4623 5.3769 5.2927 5.2099 5.128"

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

2.2321 - 7 2.2682 2.3042 2.3 .. 09 2.3781 2.4159 2 ... 5.. 3 2."933 2.5329 2.5131
2.6140 - 7 2.6556 2.6918 2.1401 2.78"2 2.8285 2.813" 2.9191 2.9655 3.0126
3.0605 - 1 3.1092 3.1586 3.2088 3.2598 3.3116 3.36112 3 ... 111 3.H20 3.5212
3.5833 - 7 3.6"02 3.6981 3.1569 3.8166 3.8772 3.9388
".001" 4.0650 4.1291
1o.195~ - 7 ".2620 ".3291 ".3985 ..... 68.. ... 5395 10.6116 10.68109 4.15910 ".8350
... 9119 - 1 ".9899 5.0692 5.1"98 5.2317 5.31"8 5.3993 5."851 5.5123 5.6608
5.1508 - 1 5.81122 5.9351 6.02910 6.1252 6.2226 6.3215 6."220 6.52100 6.6277
6.7331 - 7 6.8"01 6.9"88 1.0592 1.111" 1.28510 7."012 7.5188 1.6383 1.1597

28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.9610 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.964 28.964 28.964 2B.964 28.964
28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.964 28.9610 28.964 28.9610 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.9610
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.9610 28.96_ 28.9610 28.96" 28.9610 28.964 28.9610 28.96" 28.96" 28.9610
28.96" 2 8 . 9 6 .. 28.96". 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.9611
28.96_ 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.9610 28.96"

TABLE lI.-Continued
71
GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude
Z, m H,

m

AcceL due to gravity
g,msec-2

Specific weight w,kg m-2 sec-2

Pressure scale height
Hp , m

lleoo
11100 11200 11300 111100 11500 11600 11700 11800 11900
12000 12100 12200 12300 12"00 12500 12600 12700 12800 12900
13000 13100 13200 13300 131100 13500 13600 13700 13800 13900
1.. 000 1.. 100 110200 1.. 300 1.... 00 11<500 111600 1.. 700 111800 110900
15000 15100 15200 15300 15.. 00 15500 15600 15700 15800 15900
16000 16100 16200 16300 16..00 16500 16600 16700 16800 16900
17000 17100 17200 17300 171100 17500 17600 17100 17800 17900
18000 18100 18200 18300 181<00 18500 18600 18700 18800 18900

10981 11081 11180 11280 11380 111179 11579 11679 11778 11878
11977 12077 12177 12276 12376 121175 12575 12675 1277.. 12871t
12973 13073 13173 13272 13372 131171 13571 13671 13770 13870
13969 110069 1.. 168 111268 111367 11. . . 6 7 110567 11<666 1..766 110865
1.. 9 6 5 1506 .. 1516.. 15263 15363 15.. 62 15562 15661 15761 15860
15960 16059 16159 16258 16358 16.. 5 7 16557 16656 16756 16855
16955 170511 1715 .. 17253 17352 171152 17551 17651 17750 17650
179109 180109 181118 1821<7 183117 1810106 1851<6 186105 187115 18810 ..

9.7728 9.7725 9.7722 9.7719 9.7716 9.7713 9.7710 9.7706 9.7703 9.7700
9.7697 9.76910 9.7691 9.7688 9.7685 9.7682 9.7679 9.7676 9.7673 9.7670
9.7667 9.76610 9.7660 9.7657 9.76510 9.7651 9.76108 9.76115 9.761<2 9.7639
9.7636 9.7633 9.7630 9.7627 9.76211 9.7621 9.7618 9.761" 9.7611 9.7608
9.7605 9.7602 9.7599 9.7596 9.7593 9.7590 9.7587 9.758 .. 9.7581 9.7578
9.7575 9.7572 9.7569 9.7565 9.7562 9.7559 9.7556 9.7553 9.7550 9.75"7
9.751<10 9.75101 9.7538 9.7535 9.7532 9.7529 9.7526 9.7523 9.7520 9.7516
9.7513 9.7510 9.7507 9.750" 9.7501 9.71098 9.71095 9.71092 9.71189 9.7"86

3.5651 + 0 3.51111 3.1<566 3.10026 3.31<910 3.2971 3.21156 3.19109 3.11050 3.0959
3.01075 + 0 3.0000 2.9531 2.9070 2.8616 2.8169 2.7729 2.7296 2.6870 2.6"50
2.6038 + 0 2.5631 2.5231 2."837 2.1<10109 2.11068 2.3692 2.3322 2.2958 2.2600
2.22117 + 0 2.1900 .
2.1558 2.1221 2.0890 2.05611 2.021<3 1.9927 1.9616 1.9310
1.9009 + a
1.8713 1.81121 1.6133 1.7850 1.7572 1.7298 1.7028 1.6762 1.6501
1.62103 + 0 1.5990 1.57101 1.5"95 1.5253 1.5015 1.10781 1."551 1."321< 1.1<101
1.3881 + 0 1.3661< 1.3"51 1.321<1 1.3035 1.2832 1.2632 1.21<35 1.22"1 1.2050
1.1862 + 0 1.1677 1.11195 1.1316 1.111<0 1.0966 1.0795 1.0627 1.01161 1.0298

6367.2 6363.8 6361<.0 63610.2 6361<.1< 63611.6 636".8 6365.0 6365.2 6365.10
6365.6 6365.6 6366.0 6366.2 6366.1< 6366.6 6366.8 6367.0 6367.2 6367.1<
6367.6 6367.8 6368.0 6368.2 6368.1< 6368.6 6368.8 6369.0 6369.2 6369 ...
6369.6 6369.8 6370.0 6370.2 6370." 6370.6 6370.8 6371.0 6371.2 6371."
6371.6 6371.6 6372.0 6372.2 6372 ... 6372.6 6372.8 6373.0 6373.2 6373.1<
6373.6 6373.8 63710.0 63711.2 63710.10 63710.6 6371<.8 6375.0 6375.2 6375.10
6375.6 6375.8 6376.0 6376.2 6376.1< 6376.6 6376.8 6377.0 6377.2 6377.1<
6377.6 6377.8 6378.0 6378.2 6378.1< 6378.6 6378.8 6379.0 6379.2 6379."

Number density n, m-3

Porticle Collision
speed frequency
V, m sec-I 11, sec-I

7.5853 +210 7.11713 7.351<8 7.2"02 7.1273 7.0162 6.9068 6.7991 6.6932 6.5888
6.10861 +210 6.3850 6.2855 6.1876 6.0911 5.9962 5.9027 5.8108 5.7202 5.6311
5.5"33 +21< 5.10570 5.3719 5.2882 5.2058 5.12"7 5.011109 11.9663 ... 8889 11.8128
10.7378 +2" 11.66100 ... 59110 ... 5198 1< .....911 ".3801 ".3119 ".2 .. 118 ".1787 10.1136
".01095 +2" 3.9865 3.92 .... 3.8633 3.8031 3.71139 3.6856 3.6283 3.5718 3.5162
3.1061" +2" 3.1<075 3.35105 3.3023 3.2509 3.2003 3.1505 3.1011. 3.0532 3.0056
2.9589 +21< 2.9128 2.8675 2.8229 2.7789 2.7357 2.6931 2.6512 2.6100 2 . 5 6 9 ..
2.529" +21< 2.11901 2.10513 2.1<132 2.3756 2.3387 2.3023 2.2665 2.2312 2.1965

398.01 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95
397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95
397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95
397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95
397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95
397.95 3907.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95
397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95
397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95

1.7872 + 9 1.7599 1.73210 1.70510 1.6788 1.6527 1.6269 1.6015 1.5766 1.5520
1.5278 + 9 1.50"0 1.10805 1."575 1.1<3"8 1."1210 1.39010 1.3687 1.31<7" 1.3261<
1.3057 + 9 1.28510 1.26510 1.21<56 1.2262 1.2071 1.1883 1.1698 1.1516 1.1336
1.1160 + 9 1.0986 1.0815 1.06116 1.0"6 I 1.0317 1.0157 9.9965 + 8 9.81028 9.6895
9.5386 + 8 9.3901 9.2"39 9.1000 8.9583 B.8188 8.6815 6.51063 8.10133 8.2823
8.1533 + B 8.026" 7.9015 7.7785 7.65711 7.5382 7.10209 7.30510 7.1917 7.0798
6.9696 + 8 6.8611 6.751111 6.61<92 6.51058 6.1<1039 6.31037 6.21050 6. 11078 6.0521
5.9580 + 8 5.8653 5.771<0 5.68102 5.5958 5.5088 5.10231 5.3387 5.2557 5.1739

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

2.2273 - 7 2.2613 2.2971 2.3335 2.37011 2.10080 2.1<"61 2.108108 2.52102 2.56111
2.60117 - 7 2.61060 2.6679 2.730" 2.7737 2.8176 2.8622 2.9075 2.9535 3.0003
3.0"77 - 7 3.0960 3.1"50 3.191<8 3.21153 3.2967 3.31089 3."019 3.11557 3.51010
3.5659 - 7 3.6223 3.6797 3.7379 3.7970 3.8571 3.9181 3.9801 10.01031 10.1070
10.1720 - 7 ... 2380 ".3050 ... 3731 10.101023 ... 5125 ... 5839 10.65610 1<.7301 10.80"9
10.8808 - 7 10.9580 5.03610 5.1161 5.1969 5.2791 5.3626 5.1<1<71< 5.5335 5.6210
5.7098 - 7 5.8001 5.8918 5.981<9 6.0795 6.1756 6.2732 6.372" 6.1<731 6.5751<
6.6793 - 7 6.781<9 6.8921 7.0010 7.1116 7.221<0 7.3381 7."541 7.5718 7.6915

28.9611 28.9611 28.9610 28.9610 28.961< 28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.9611 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611
28.96" 28.9610 28.96" 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.96" 2 8 . 9 6 .. 28.96" 28.961<
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.961< 28.96" 28.9610 28.961< 28.9611 28.9610 28.9610
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.961< 28.961< 28.96" 28.9610 28.961< 28.96"
28.961< 28.9610 28.9610 28.961< 28.9611 28.96" 2B.961< 2B.961< 28.9610 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.961< 28.96" 28.961< 28.9610 28.9610 28.96" 28.961< 28.961<
28.961< 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.9610 28.961< 28.961< 28.96" 28.961< 28.96"

TABLE II.-Continued 72
GEOPOTENTIAL ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude
H, m Z,

m

Accel. due to
gravity g,msec-z

w

,

Specific weight kg m-2 sec-2

Pressure scale height
Hp , m

19000 19100 19200 19300 19400 19500 19600 19700 19800 19900
20000 20100 20200 20300 20400 20500 20600 20700 20800 20900
21000 21100 21200 21300 21 .. 00 21500 21600 21700 21800 21900
22000 22100 22200 22300 221100 22500 22600 22700 22800 22900
23000 23100 23200 23300 23 .. 00 23500 23600 23700 23800 23900
211000 24100 211200 24300 2.... 00 2.. 500 24600 2 .. 1 0 0 2"800 2 .. 900
25000 25100 25200 25300 251100 25500 25600 25700 25800 25900
26000 26100 26200 26300 261100 26500 26600 26700 2UOO 26900

19051 19158 19258 19359 19.. 59 19560 19661 19761 19862 19963
20063 2016 .. 2026 .. 20365 20466 20566 20661 20768 20868 20969
21070 21170 21271 21372 21412 21573 216711 2117 .. 21875 21976
22076 22177 22278 22379 22 ..19 22580 22681 22781 22882 22983
2308.. 231811 23285 23386 2 3 .. 86 23587 23688 23789 23889 23990
2 .. 091 24192 2.. 292 2.. 393 2 .... 9 .. 2"595 211696 211796 2..897 2 .. 998
25099 25200 25300 25 .. 01 25502 25603 257011 2580_ 25905 26006
26101 26208 26308 261109 26510 26611 26712 26813 26913 2701"

9.1481 9.1478 9.7"75 9.7"12 9.7"69 9.71166 9.7"63 9.1"60 9.7456 9.71153
9.7"50 9.711"7 9.7...... 9.7.... 1 9.7438 9.7"35 9.7"32 9.1"29 9.1"26 9.7"23
9.7"20 9.71116 9.1"13 9.71110 9.1"01 9 . 1 .. 0.. 9.7401 9.7398 9.7395 9.7392
9.7389 9.7386 9.7383 9.1380 9.7376 9.7373 9.7370 9.1361 9.736" 9.7361
9.7358 9.7355 9.7352 9.7349 9.7346 9.73113 9.73110 9.7337 9.7333 9.7330
9.7327 9.732" 9.7321 9.7318 9.1315 9.7312 9.7309 9.7306 9.1303 9.1300
9.7297 9.1293 9.1290 9.7287 9.728" 9.7281 9.7278 9.7275 9.7272 9.7269
9.7266 9.7263 9.7260 9.7257 9.725" 9.7250 9.72117 9.12 .... 9~12'" 9.7238

1.0047 + 0 9.8900 - 1 9.7349 9.5823 9.4321 9.28"2 9.1387 8.9954 8.8544 8.7156
8.5790 - I 8 . . . . . 06 8.30"6 8.1708 8.0392 7.9098 1.1825 1.657" 7.53163 7.11132
7.29_1 - 1 7.1770 7.0619 6.9"86 6.8372 6.7211 6.6199 6.5139 6."097 6.3072
6.2063 - 1 6.1011 6.0096 5.9136 5.8192 5.726" 5.6351 5.51153 5."570 5.3701
5.28"6 - 1 5.2005 5.1178 5.0365 4.9565 11.8778 ... 8003 11.72"2 11.6"93 11.5756
11.5031 - 1 ..... 311 ".3616 ... 2926 " . 2 2.. 7 ".1579 11.0922 ".0276 3.96"0 3.901"
3.8399 - 1 3.7793 3.1198 3.6612 3.6035 3.5"68 3.11910 3."361 3.3821 3.3290
3.2767 - 1 3.2253 3.11"7 3.12169 3.0759 3.0277 2.9803 2.9336 2.8811 2.81126

6319.7 6379.9 6380.1 6380.3 6380.5 6380.7 6380.9 6381.1 6381.3 6381.5
6381.7 63811.9 6388.0 6391.2 639".3 6391.5 6400.6 6"03.7 6"06.9 6"10.0
61113.2 61116.3 6"19.5 6"22.6 61125.8 61128.9 6"32.1 6"35.2 61038." 6.... 1.5
6....... 7 6....7.8 6"51.0 6115_.1 61151.3 6"60.5 61163.6 6466.8 61169.9 6"73.1
61t16.2 6419." 6"82.5 6485.7 61188.8 6"92.0 6"95.1 61198.3 6501.4 65011.6
6507.8 6510.9 65111.1 6517.2 6520." 6523.5 6526.7 6529.8 6533.0 6536.2
6539.3 65"2.5 65"5.6 65"8.8 6551.9 6555.1 6558.3 6561.· .. 656".6 6567.7
6510.9 657".0 6577.2 6580 ... 6583.5 6586.1 6589.8 6593.0 6596.2 6599.3

Number density n, m-3

Particle Collision speed frequency
\i, m sec-I v, sec-I

2.1432 +24 2.1096 2.0166 2.0"41 2.0122 1.9807 1.9"97 1.9192 1.8892 1.8596
1.8305 +2" 1.8010 1.1121 1.7"36 1.7155 1.6880 1.6609 1.63"2 1.6080 1.5822
1.5568 +2" 1.5319 . 1.501" 1.4832 1."595 1."362 1."132 1.3906 1.368" 1.3"66
1.3251 +2" 1.3039 1.2832 1.2621 1.2"26 1.2228 1.203" 1.18"2 1.16511 1.1"69
1.1286 +2" 1.1107 1.0931 1.0158 1.0587 1.0"19 1.0254 1.0092 9.9320 +23 9.77119
9.6203 +23 9."683 9.3187 9.1715 9.0268 8.88113 8 . 7 .... 2 8.606" 8.11708 8.337"
8.2061 +23 8.0110 7.91199 7.82"9 1.7020 7.5810 7.11620 1.3"119 7.2291 7.1163
7.00"8 +23 6.8950 6.7811 6.6808 6.5763 6.11735 6.3723 6.2727 6.17"8 6.078"

397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 391.95
397.95 398.0" 398.1" 398.23 398.32 398.41 398.50 398.59 398.69 398.78
398.81 398.96 399.05 399.14 399.2" 399.33 399."2 399.51 399.60 399.69
399.18 399.88 399.97 1100.06 "00.15 "00.2" "00.33 "00.42 400.51 1100.61
"00.70 "00.79 1100.88 "00.91 401.06 1001.15 "01.211 "01.3" "01.113 "01.52
"01.61 "01.70 "01.79 "01.88 "01.97 "02.06 1102.15 1102.25 "02.3" ..02 ...3
"02.52 "02.61 "02.70 "02.79 1102.88 "02.97 1003.06 "03.15 1103.2" "03.33
"03."2 "03.52 "03.61 403.70 "03.79 "03.88 "03.97 "0".06 110".15 110".2"

5.0482 + 8 4.9692 ... 8915 ... 8149 4.7396 4.6654 ... 5925 4.5206 ....... 99 ... 3803
... 3117 + 8 ".2 .. 33 4.1760 ... 1098 ".0 .. 47 3.9806 3.9116 3.8556 3.79..6 3.13106
3.6756 + 8 3.6175 3.56011 3.5042 3.4"89 3.39"6 3.3"11 3.288" 3.2366 3.1857
3.1356 + 8 3.0863 3.0378 2.9900 2.9"31 2.8969 2.851" 2.8067 2.1621 2.7194
2.6769 + 8 2.6350 2.5937 2.5532 2.5132 2.117100 2."353 2.3973 2.3599 2.3231
2.2869 + 8 2.2512 2.2162 2.1811 2.1 ..11 2.11"3 2.081" 2.0"91 2.0173 1.9859
1.9551 + 8 1.92168 1.89"9 1.8656 1.8367 1.8082 1.7802 1.7527 1.7256 1.6989
1.6721 + 8 1.6"68 1.621" 1.596" 1.5118 1.5"'5 1.5237 1.5002 1.4771 1... 5....

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

7.8831 - 7 8.0084 8.1356 8.2650 8.3963 8.5298 8.6653 8.B031 8.9430 9.0851
9.2295 - 1 9.3805 9.5339 9.6897 9.8"80 1.0009 - 6 1.0172 1.0338 1.0507 1.0618
1.0852 - 6 1.1029 1.1208 1.1390 1.1576 1.1764 1.1955 1.2149 1.23"6 1.2546
1.2750 - 6 1.2951 1.3166 1.3380 1.3596 1.3816 1."040 1."267 1.4"97 1.1tT31
1."969 - 6 1.5210 1.5456 1.5105 1.5958 1.6215 1.6"76 1.67"1 1.7010 1.7284
1.7561 - 6 1.78"3 1.8130 1.8"21 1.8116 1.9016 1.9321 1.9630 1.99"5 2.02611
2.0588 - 6 2.0911 2.1251 2.1591 2.1935 2.2286 2.26"1 2.3002 2.3369 2.37"1
2."119 - 6 2."503 2.10892 2.5288 2.5690 2.6098 2.6513 2.6933 2.7361 2.7795

28.964 28.964 28.96_ 28.964 28.964 28.964 28.964 28.964 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.96_ 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611
28.9610 28.964 28.9610 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 2 8 . 9 6 ..
28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.9611 28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.9610
28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.964 28.9611 28.96". 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.9616 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 2 8 . 9 6 .. 28.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"

TABLE lI.-Continued 73
GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude
Z, m H,

m

Accel. due to gravity
g,msec-2

w,

Specific weight kg m-2 sec-2

Pressure scale height
Hp , m

19000 19100 19200 19300 191100 19500 19600 19700 19800 19900
20000 20100 20200 20300 201100 20500 20600 20700 20800 20900
21000 21100 21200 21300 21400 21500 21600 21700 21800 21900
22000 22100 22200 22300 221100 22500 22600 22700 22800 22900
23000 23100 23200 23300 231000 23500 23600 23700 23800 23900
211000 211100 211200 211300 211400 211500 210600 211700 2"800 211900
25000 25100 25200
2530~
25,,0 25500 25600 25700 25800 25900
26000 26100 26200 26300 26.. 00 26500 26600 26700 26eoo 26900

169113 190113 191102 192112 193111 1911110 195110 19639 19739 19836
19937 20037 20136 20235 20335 2011311 20533 20633 20732 20832
20931 21030 21130 21229 21326 211128 21527 21626 21725 21825
2192 .. 22023 22123 22222 22321 221121 22520 22619 22719 22818
22917 23016 23116 23215 2331_ 23.. 13 23513 23612 23711 23610
23910 211009 211106 211207 2.. 307 2111106 211505 2116010 2117011 211603
210902 25001 25100 25200 25299 25398 251097 25597 25696 25795
258910 25993 26092 26192 26291 26390 261189 26588 26687 26787

9.71163 9.71160 9.71177 9.711710 9.711 71 9.7"68 9.7106" 9.71161 9.7458 9.71155
9.7"52 9 . 7 .... 9 9.7.... 6 9.711"3 9.7.... 0 9.71137 9.7113" 9.71131 9.7"28 9.71125
9.7li22 9.7li19 9.71016 9.7"13 9.7"09 9.71006 9.7"03 9.71000 9.7397 9.73911
9.7391 9.7388 9.7385 9.7382 9.7379 9.7376 9.7373 9.7370 9.7367 9.73610
9.7361 '7.7358 9.73510 9.7351 9.73106 9.73105 9.73112 9.7339 9.7336 9.7333
9.7330 9.7327 9.73210 9.7321 9.731 B 9.7315 9.7312 9.7309 9.7306 9.7303
9.7300 9.7297 9.7293 9.7290 9.7267 9.72611 9.7281 9.7278 9.7275 9.7272
9.7269 9.7266 9.7263 9.7260 9.7257 9.72510 9.7251 9.7248 9.72105 9.72112

1.0136 + 0 9.9796 - 1 9.62113 9.6712 9.5205 9.3722 9.2261 9.082" 8.91109 6.6016
8.66105 - 1 6.5280 8.39111 8.2570 6.12116 7.99"8 7.8670 7.71012 7.6176 7.10959
7.3763 - 1 7.2586 7.11128 7.0290 6.9170 6.8069 6.6986 6.5920 6.10672 6.38111
6.2827 - 1 6.1829 6.08"8 5.9883 5.893_ 5.8000 5.7081 5.6177 5.5288 5.11101_
5.355_ - 1 5.2708 5.1875 5.1056 5.0251 ".91056 11.8679 10.7912 10.7157 11.6"15
10.5665 - 1 11.10966 ..... 259 10.356" ".2880 10.2207 10.15115 11.0893 11.0252 3.9622
3.9001 - I 3.8391 3.7790 3.7200 3.6616 3.60116 3.51083 3.10930 3.10385 3.38119
3.3321 - 1 3.2802 3.2291 3. t789 3.12911 3.0808 3.0329 2.9658 2.93911 2.8938

6379.6 6379.8 6360.0 6360.2 6360.11 6380.6 6360.8 6381.0 6361.2 6361.11
6381.6 6382.9 6366.0 6389.1 6392.2 6395.11 6398.5 61101.6 6100".8 61107.9
61111.0 611111.1 61017 .3 61020.10 61123.5 6"26.7 6"29.8 61132.9 61036.0 61039.2
64"2.3 6....5 ... 6 .... 8.6 61151.7 6_511.8 6457.9 6"61.1 6_6_.2 6_67.3 61070.5
6"73.6 61t76.7 6"79.9 6"83.0 61186.1 6"89.2 61192." 6"95.5 6"98.6 6501.8
6504.9 6508.0 6511 .2 65111.3 6517 .10 6520.6 6523.7 6526.8 6530.0 6533.1
6536.2 6539." 65102.5 65115.6 65108.7 6551.9 6555.0 6558.1 6561.3 65611.11
6567.5 6570.7 6573.6 6576.9 6580.1 6583.2 6586.3 6589.5 6592.6 6595.7

Number denSity n, m-3

Particle Collision
speed frequency
V, m sec-I v, sec-I

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

2.16211 +211 2.1267 2.0956 2.0631 2.0310 1.999" 1.9663 1.9377 1.9076 1.8779
1.8"87 +2" 1.8197 1.7906 1.7619 1.7338 1.7061 1.6769 1.6521 1.6257 1.5998
1.57"3 +211 1.5_93 . 1.52106 1.50010 1."765 1.10530 1.11300 1."073 1.38119 1.3630
1.310110 +2" 1.320 I 1.2992 1.2786 1.25811 1.2385 1.2189 1.1997 1.1807 1.1621
1.1"37 +2" 1.1257 1.1080 1.0905 1.0733 1.05611 1.0398 1.0235 1.00711 9.9155 +23
9.7598 +23 9.6066 9.10559 9.3076 9.1618 9.0162 8.8770 8.7381 6.601" 8.10670
8.33106 +23 8.20105 8.07611 7.9503 7.8263 7.70103 7.58112 7.11661 7.31199 7.2355
7.1230 +23 7.0122 6.9033 6.7961 6.6905 6.5867 6.108"6 6.38110 6.2851 6.1878

397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95 397.95
397.95 397.99 398.08 396.17 396.26 398.35 398.11" 398.53 398.62 398.71
398.81 399.90 398.99 399.08 399.17 399.26 399.35 399 ..... 399.53 399.62
399.71 399.81 399.90 399.99 1000.08 "00.17 1100.26 "00.35 "00.104 400.53
400.62 1000.71 1000.80 1000.89 1100.98 1001.07 1001.16 1001.26 1001.35 "01.1111
1101.53 1001.62 1001.71 1001.80 1001.69 1001.96 1002.07 1102.16 1002.25 1102.311
1002.103 1002.52 1102.61 1102.70 1102.79 1002.88 1102.97 1003.06 1003.15 1103.2 ..
1003.33 1103.112 "03.51 1103.60 1103.69 1103.78 1003.87 1103.96 10011.05 11011.111

5.0935 + 6 5.01112 4.9363 11.6595 11.7839 11.7095 11.6363 11.5642 11.11932 11."23"
... 35116 + 8 _.2665 11.2189 ... 1525 11.0871 4.0227 3.959" 3.8971 3.8359 3.7756
3.7163 + 8 3.6560 3.6006 3.511101 3.11885 3.10339 3.3601 3.3272 3.2751 3.2239
3.1735 + 8 3.12"0 3.0752 3.0272 2.9800 2.9335 2.8878 2.8"28 2.7985 2.7550
2.7121 + 8 2.6700 2.6285 2.5876 2.51175 2.5079 2.10690 2.10308 2.3931 2.3560
2.3196 + B 2.2937 2.2"83 2.2136 2.17911 2.11057 2.1126 2.0800 2.01179 2.01610
1.9853 + 8 1 . 9 5 .. 7 1.92"6 1.8950 1.8659 1.8372 1.8090 1.7812 1.7539 1.7270
1.7005 + 8 1.6710" 1.61168 1.6235 1.5987 1.57"2 1.5501 1.52611 1.5031 1.10602

7.8130 - 7 7.93611 6.0616 6.1692 6.3165 6.111099 8.56311 8.7190 8.8567 8.9966
9.1367 - 7 9.28115 9.113511 9.5687 9.7111111 9.9025 1.0063 - 6 1.0226 1.0392 1.0560
1.0731 - 6 1.0905 1.1061 1.1260 1.111112 1.1627 1.1815 1.2005 1.2199 1.2396
1.2595 - 6 1.2798 1.30011 1.3213 1.31026 1.3611 1 1.3860 1.11063 1.11309 1."538
1.10772 - 6 1.5006 1.52109 1.5493 1.57"0 1.5992 1.62"8 1.6507 1.6771 1.7039
1.7310 - 6 1.7587 1.7867 1.6151 1.810110 1.87311 1.9032 1.93311 1.96112 1.99511
2.0270 - 6 2.0592 2.0919 2.1250 2.1587 2.1929 2.2276 2.2628 2.2986 2.3350
2.3719 - 6 2.10093 2.101073 2.11860 2.5252 2.5650 2.60510 2.611611 2.6880 2.7303

26.9611 26.96" 28.96" 26.9611 28.9611 28.96" 26.9611 26.964 26.96" 28.96"
28.9611 28.964 28.9611 26.964 28.9611 28.96_ 28.9611 28.9610 28.9611 28.9611
26.96" 28.9610 28.9610 28.96" 28.9611 29.96" 28.96" 26.96" 28.9611 28.964
28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9610 26.96" 28.9611 28.96"
28.9611 28.9610 28.964 28.9611 28.964 28.964 28.9610 28.96" 28.9611 28.9610
28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9610 28.9611 28.9610 28.9610 26.9611 28.96" 26.9610
28.964 28.9611 28.9611 26.9611 28.96" 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611
28.9611 28.9611 28.9610 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 26.9611 28.9610 28.964 28.9610

TABLE lI.-Continued 74
GEOPOTENTIAL ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

H,

Altitude m Z,

m

Accel. due to
gravity g,msec-z

w

,

Specific weight kg m-2 sec-

2

Pressure scale height
Hp , m

27000 27100 27200 21300 27.. 00 27500 27600 27700 27800 27900
28000 28100 28200 28300 2 8 .. 0 0 28500 28600 28700 28800 28900
29000 29100 29200 29300 29400 29500 29600 29700 29800 29900
30000 30100 30200 30300 30400 30500 30600 30700 30800 30900
31000 31100 31200 31300 31"00 31500 31600 31700 31800 31900
32000 32200
32"00 32600 32800 33000 33200 331000 33600 33800
3 .. 000 3.. 200 3.... 00 311600 310800 35000 35200 351000 35600 35eoo
36000 36200 361000 36600 36800 37000 37200 37/000 , 37600 37800

27115 27216 21317 2710 18 27519 27620 27720 27821 27922 28023
2812 .. 28225 28326 28 .. 2 7 28527 28628 28729 28830 28931 29032
29133 2923.. 29335 29.. 36 29537 29638 29738 29839 29940 300"1
301"2 302 .. 3 303"10 30 .... 5 30546 30641 30748 308119 301]50 31051
31152 31253 3135.. 31 .. 55 31556 31657 31758 31859 31960 32061
32162 323610 32566 32768 32970 33172 3 3 3 7 .. 33576 33779 33981
34183 3.. 385 34587 310 789 3.. 9 9 2 3 5 1 9 .. 35396 35598 35801 36003
36205 36.. 07 36610 36812 3701 .. 37217 37/019 37621 3782" 38026

9.1235 9.7232 9.7229 9.7226 9.7223 9.7220 9.1217 9.721" 9.7211 9.7207
9.7204 9.7201 9.7198 9.7195 9.7192 9.7189 9.7186 9.7183 9.7180 9.7177
9.717" 9.7171 9.7167 9 . 7 1 6 .. 9.7161 9.7158 9.7155 9.7152 9.71"9 9.711.6
9.71"3 9.71"0 9.7131 9.713" 9.7131 9.7128 9.712" 9.7121 9.7118 9.7115
9.7112 9.7109 9.7106 9.7103 9.7100 9.7097 9.7094 9.7091 9.7088 9.7085
9.7082 9.7075 9.7069 9.7063 9.7057 9.7051 9.70"5 9.7039 9.7032 9.7026
9.1020 9.70111 9.7008 9.7002 9.6996 9.6989 9.6983 9.6977 9.6971 9.6965
9.6959 9.6953 9.69"6 9.69"0 9.693" 9.6928 9.6922 9.6916 9.6910 9.690"

2.7981 - 1 2.75 .... 2.71110 2.6690 2.62710 2.5864 2.5461 2.506" 2."673 2."289
2.3911 - 1 2.3539 2.3173 2.2813 2.2"58 2.2109 2.1766 2.1"28 2.1096 2.0769
2.010"7 - 1 2.0130 1.9819 1.9512 1.9210 1.8913 1.8621 1.8333 1.8050 1.7771
1.7497 - 1 1.7227 1.6962 1.6700 1.6"43 1.6190 1.59"1 1.5696 1.5"54 1.5211
1.4983 - 1 1."753 1."527
l.no..
1."0810 1.3869 1.3656 1.3"117 1.32"1 1.3038
1.2839 - I 1.21130 1.2035 1.165" 1.1286 1.0930 1.0586 1.025" 9.9326 - 2 9.622 ..
9.3225 - 2 9.0327 8.7525 8."816 8.2198 7.9666 7.7218 7• .,850 7.2561 7.03/06
6.820.. - 2 6.6132 6."128 6.2189 6.0313 5.8"97 5.67110 5.50"0 5.339" 5.1801

6602.5 6605.6 6608.8 6612.0 6615.1 6618.3 6621.5 662".6 6627.8 6630.9
663".1 6637.3 66"0.10 66"3.6 6646.8 66109.9 6653.1 6656.3 6659.11 6662.6
6665.7 6668.9 6672.1 6675.2 6678." 6681.6 668".7 6687.9 6691.1 669".2
6697.11 6700.6 6703.7 6706.9 6710.1 6713.2 6716.4 6719.6 6722.7 6725.9
6729.1 6732.2 6735." 6738.6 61" 1.8 67..... 9 67"8.1 6751.3 675 ..... 6757.6
6760.8 6777.8 679".7 6811.7 6828.7 68115.7 6862.7 6879.7 6896.7 6913.7
6930.7 691t7.7 696".8 6981.8 6998.8 7015.8 7032.8 70"9.8 7066.9 1083.9
7100.9 7117.9 7135.0 7152.0 7169.1 7186.1 7203.1 7220.2 7237.2 725".3

Number density n, m- 3

Particle Collision
speed frequency
V, m sec-I II, sec-I

5.9836 +23 5.8902 5.79810 5.7081 5.6192 5.5317 5..... 56 5.3609 5.2775 5.1955
5.11"8 +23 5.035" ".9572 ".8803 " . 8 0 .. 7 10.7302 11.6569 " . 5 8 .. 8 11.5 B8 11 .......0
".3152 +23 ".3076 10.21111 ".1755 11.1111 ".01176 3.9852 3.9238 3.8633 3.8038
3.7"52 +23 3.6876 3.6308 3.5750 3.5200 3.4660 3... 127 3.3603 3.3088 3.2580
3.2081 +23 3.1589 3.1105 3.0629 3.0160 2.9699 2.9245 2.8798 2.8358 2.7925
2.7499 +23 2.6625 2.5781 2."966 2."178 2.3"17 2.2682 2.1971 2.1285 2.0621
1.9980 +23 1.9360 1.8160 1.8181 1.7621 1.7079 1.6555 1.60"9 1.5559 1.5085
1."627 +23 1.4183 1.375" 1.3339 1.2937 1.25"9 1.2173 1.1809 1.11056 1. 1115

404.33 10010."2 40".51 "0".60 "010.69 "011.78 110".87 "0".96 "05.05 "05.1"
"05.23 "05.32 .. 05 ... 1 "05.50 1005.59 405.68 1005.77 405.86 .. 0 5 . 9 5 1006.011
1106.13 "06.22 "06.31 .. 06 ...0 1106._9 1106.58 "06.67 "06.76 1106.85 "06.9"
"07.03 407.12 407.21 "07.30 407.39 407.48 "07.57 "07.66 "07.75 "07.8"
"07.93 408.02 1108.11 "08.20 "08.29 "08.38 1008.107 "08.56 "08.65 "Oe.73
"08.82 "09.32 "09.82 "10.32 "10.82 4 11.32 "11.82 "12.31 1112.81 "13.31
.. 13.80 1111.. 29 .. lIt.79 "15.28 1015.77 1116.27 1016.76 "17.25 /0 17. 7.. "18.23
"18.72 .. 19.21 419.69 "20.18 "20.67 "21.15 "21.6" "22.12 "22.61 "23.09

1."320 + 8 1."100 1.3883 1.3670 1.31060 1.3253 1.3050 1.2850 1.2653 1.2"59
1.2268 + 8 1.2080 1.1896 1.1711t 1.1535 1.1358 1.1185 1.10110 1.08"6 1.0681
1.0518 + 8 1.0357 1.0200 1.00 .... 9.891_ + 7 9.71110 9.5928 9.111170 9.3035 9.1622
9.0231 + 7 8.8862 8.7514 8.6187 8."881 8.3595 8.2330 8 . 1 0 8 .. 7.9857 7.86"9
7.7461 + 7 7.6290 7.5138 7... 00.. 7.2888 7.1788 7.0706 6.96"1 6.8592 6.7559
6.65"2 + 7 6.4507 6.2538 6.063" 5.8793 5.7011 5.5288 5.3621 5.2008 5.0 .... 7
"1.17.181913_6 + 7
11.6059 ..... 690 11.336" ".2081 ".0839 3.9636 3.8"71 3.73"3
3.6251 + 7 3.5193 3."168 3.3175 3.221" 3.1282 3.0379 2.9505 2.8657 2.7836

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

2.8235 - 6 2.8682 2.9137 2.9598 3.0066 3.0542 3.10211 3.1515 3.2012 3.2518
3.3031 - 6 3.3552 3."081 3."618 3.5163 3.5717 3.6279 3.68"9 3.7"29 3.8017
3.861" - 6 3.9220 3.9836 11.01161 ... 1095 ... 17100 ".2393 ... 3057 II.H31 ....... 15
".5110 - 6 ".5815 ".6531 ... 7258 ".7996 4.8711 .. 4.9505 5.0277 5.1060 5.1855
5.2663 - 6 5.3"82 5...31 .. 5.5159 5.6016 5.6886 5.7770 5.8666 5.9576 6.0500
6.11038 - 6 6.3"55 6.5532 6.7672 6.9876 7.21111 7 ..... 86 7.6895 7.9375 8.1929
8.10559 - 6 8.7267 9.0055 9.2925 9.5879 9.8920 1.0205 - 5 1.0527 1.0859 1.1200
1.1551 - 5 1.1912 1.2283 1.2666 1.3059 1.3463 1.3879 1."307 1."7111 1.5200

28.96_ 28.96_ 28.9610 28.9611 28.9610 28.9628.9611 28.9611 28.9610 28.9611
28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.964 28.9611 28.96" 28.964
28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96"
28.96" 28.964 28.9610 28.96" 28.964 28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.964
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.964 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.964
28.96" 28.96" 28.964 . 28.96" 28.96/0 28.96" 28.964 28.9611 28.9611 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 2 8 . 9 6 .. 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"

TABLE 1I.-Continued 75
GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude
Z, m H,

m

Accel.
due to gravity g,msec-z

w,

Specific weight kg m-2 sec-

2

Pressure scale height
Hp , m

21000 27100 27200 21300 211000 27500 27600 27700 27800 27900
28000 28100 28200 28300 28.. 00 28500 28600 28700 28S00 28'100
2'1000 29100 29200 29300 291000 29500 29600 29100 29800 29900
30000 30100 30200 30300 30.. 00 30500 30600 30700 30800 30900
31000 31100 31200 31300 3 lIIOO 31500 31600 31700 31800 31900
32000 32200 321000 32600 32800 33000 33200 331100 33600 33800
3.. 000 3.. 200 3.. 1100 3.. 600 311800 35000 35200 351000 35600 35EOO
36000 36200 361100 36600 36EOO 37000 37200 371000 37600 37800

26886 26985 270811 27183 27282 21382 211081 27580 27679 27778
27817 27976 28075 28175 282110 28373 28"72 28571 28670 28769
28868 28'167 2'1066 29166 29265 2'13611 29.. 63 29562 29661 29160
29859 29958 30057 30156 30255 303511 30.. 53 30552 30651 30751
30850 309"9 310118 311107 312116 313"5 3 lII .... 315"3 316"2 317111
318"0 32038 32236 321034 32632 32830 33027 33225 33.. 23 33621
33819 3.. 0 1 7 310215 3101013 310610 3.. 808 35006 3520.. 351002 35599
35797 35995 36193 36390 36588 36786 369810 37181 37379 37577

9.7239 9.7236 9.1233 9.7229 9.7226 9.7223 9.7220 9.7217 9.72110 9.1211
9.7208 9.7205 9.7202 9.7199 9.1196 9.7193 9.7190 9.7187 9.71810 9.7181
'1.7178 9.7175 9.7112 '1.7169 9.7166 9.7162 9.1159 9.7156 9.7153 9.7150
9.71"1 9.n.... 9.71"1 9.1138 9.1135 9.7132 9.7129 9.7126 9.7123 9.1120
9.7117 9.711" 9.7111 9.7108 9.7105 9.7102 9.7099 9.7096 9.7093 9.7089
9.7086 9.7080 9.707" 9.7068 9.7062 9.7056 9.7050 9.70 .... 9.7038 9.7032
9.7026 9.7020 9.701" 9.7001 9.7001 9.6995 9.6989 9.6983 9.6977 9.6971
9.6965 9.6959 9.6953 9.69107 9.69"1 9.6935 9.6929 9.6922 9.6916 9.6910

2.81089 - 1 2.80108 2.7613 2.7185 2.6764 2.6350 2.5943 2.55102 2.51107 2.10758
2."376 - 1 2.'-000 2.3630 2.3266 2.2907 2.255" 2.2201 2.1865 2.1529 2.1198
2.0812 - 1 2.0552 2.0236 1.9926 1.9620 1.9319 1.9023 1.8132 1.8.... 5 1.8163
1.7885 - 1 1.1612 1.13"2 1.7078 1.6817 1.6560 1.6308 1.6059 1.58111 1.5513
1.5336 - 1 1.5103 1.11813 1."6107 1.1111211 1.11205 1.3990 1.3777 1.3568 1.3363
1.3160 - 1 1.2761 1.2359 1.1970 1.1595 1.1232 1.0882 1.05103 1.0216 9.8992 - 2
9.5933 - 2 9.2975 9.0116 8.7351 8."677 8.2091 7.9590 1.7170 7."830 7.2567
7.0376 - 2 6.8257 6.6207 6."222 6.2302 6.010113 5.861011 5.6903 5.5217 5.3585

6598.9 6602.0 6605.1 6608.3 6611.,\ 6614.5 6617.7 6620.8 662".0 6627.1
6630.2 6633." 6636.5 6639.6 66102.8 66"5.9 66109.0 6652.2 6655.3 6658."
6661.6 666".7 6667.8 6671.0 66710.1 6677.3 6680.4 6683.5 6686.7 6689.8
6692.9 6696.1 6699.2 6702.3 6705.5 6708.6 6711.8 67111.9 6718.0 6721.2
672".3 6727 ... 6130.6 6733.1 6136.9 61"0.0 61~3. 1 67116.3 61109." 6752.6
6755.7 67611.0 6180.8 6797.6 681".10 6831.2 68 .. 8.1 686_.9 6881.7 6898.5
6915." 6932.2 69"9.0 6965.8 6982.7 6999.5 7016.3 7033.2 7050.0 7066.8
7083.7 1100.5 7117.3 713".2 7151.0 7161.8 71810.7 7201.5 1218.10 7235.2

Number density n, m-3

Particle Collision
speed frequency
V, m sec-I v, sec-I

6.0920 +23 5.9977 5.9050 5.8137 5.7239 5.6355 5.5"85 5."629 5.3786 5.2957
5.21111 +23 5.1338 5.05108 ".9170 10.9005 ".8251 '-.1510 '-.6780 11.6062 10.5356
11."660 +23 ".3916 10.3302 11.2639 10.1986 Io.1nll ".0111 10.0089 3.91171 3.88711
3.8280 +23 3.7696 3.7121 3.6555 3.5998 3.51150 3."911 3.10380 3.3857 3.33112
3.2835 +23 3.23:57 3.18"6 3.1363 3.0887 3.01119 2.9958 2.95011 2.9058 2.8618
2.8185 +23 2.7332 2.61172 2.56112 2."839 2.110611 2.331" 2.2590 2.1890 2.1213
2.0559 +23 1.9926 1.9315 1.8723 1.8151 1.7598 1.7063 1.65115 1.60 .... 1.5560
1.5091 +23 1.10638 1.11 199 1.377" 1.3363 1.2965 1.2580 1.2207 1.18"7 1.11191

10010.23 11011.32 11010.101 "04.50 10011.58 "0".67 "0".76 "0".85 "010.9" 1105.03
"05.12 "05.21 1005.30 "05.39 "05."8 "05.57 1005.66 .. 0 5 . 7 5 "05.811 "05.'13
1106.01 1106.10 "06.19 1006.28 1106.37 1106.'-6 "06.55 "06.611 "06.13 "06.82
"06.91 "06.99 "07.08 "07.17 "07.26 "07.35 1107.1111 1107.53 "07.62 "01.71
"07.79 "07.88 "07.97 "08.06 "08.15 1008.210 1108.33 1108."2 1108.50 "OB.59
"08.68 1108.92 1109."1 "09.91 1110.110 1110.90 _11.39 _11.88 1112.37 "12.86
"13.35 _13.BII 11111.33 _1".82 "15.31 I, 15. 79 _16.28 "16.77 _11.25 _11.74
1118.22 "18.70 1119.19 _19.67 420.15 "20.63 1121.11 _21.59 1022.07 "22.55

1.10576 + 8 1... 35.. 1.10135 1.3919 1.3701 1.3"99 1.3293 1.3091 1.2892 1.2696
1.2503 + 8 1.2313 1.2126 1.19'-2 1.1161 1.1583 1.1'-08 1.1235 1.1065 1.08'18
1.0133 + 8 1.0571 1.0'-11 1.02510 1.009'1 9.9"66 + 7 9.7961 9.6"90 9.5037 9.3606
9.2197 + 7 9.0811 8.9.... 5 8.8101 8.6778 8 . 5 .. 75 8.10192 8.2929 8.1686 8.0"62
7.9256 + 7 7.8070 7.6901 7.5751 7.11619 1.3503 1.21105 1.132" 7.0260 6.9212
6.8180 + 7 6.6153 6.11151 6.2213 6.0339 5.8526 5.6771 5.5073 5.31030 5.18"0
5.0300 + 7 10.8810 11.1368 11.5971 11.11619 10.3310 10.20102 11.0815 3.9626 3.8107"
3.1358 + 7 3.6277 3.5230 3."216 3.3233 3.2281 3.1357 3.0"63 2.9596 2.8755

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

2.7133 - 6 2.8168 2.8611 2.9060 2.9516 2.9979 3.0 .... 9 3.0926 3.1"11 3.1903
3.2'-02 - 6 3.2909 3.3"23 3.39"5 3.101076 3.501" 3.5560 3.6115 3.6678 3.7249
3.182'1 - 6 3.81118 3.9016 3.9623 11.0239 ... 086'10.1499 ".21113 ".2797 ".3 ..60
..... 13'- - 6 ..... 818 ... 5512 10.6216 11.6932 10.7651 11.839" 10.91112 ".9901 5.0671
5.1"53 - 6 5.22116 5.3051 5.3869 5."698 5.55"0 5.63910 5.7262 5.Bl"2 5.9035
5.99102 - 6 6.181" 6.3821 6.5887 6.8016 7.0208 7.2 .. 6.. 1.10788 7.7180 1.96112
8.2177 - 6 8."786 8.71111 9.023" 9.3078 9.600" 9.9015 1.0211 - 5 1. 0530 1.0858
1.1195 - 5 1.15"2 1.1898 1.2265 1.26"3 1.3031 1.3"29 1.38100 1.11261 1."695

28.96'28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.9610 28.96" 28.96"
28.96'28.96'28.96" 28.96'28.96" 28.96" 28.96'28.96" 28.9611 28.'164
28.9611 28.9611 28.9610 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.96" 28.9611 28.9611
28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.9610 28.961f 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611
28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.96" 28.9610 28.96" 28.96"
28.96~
28.9611 28.9611
28.9610 28.96" 28.9611 28.9610 28.9610 28.96" 28.9610 28.96_ 28.9611 28.9611
28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.9611" 28.9611 28.96" 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.96_
28.96" 28.96_ 28.96" 28.9611 28.9610 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.96"

TABLE lI.-Continued
76
GEOPOTENTIAL ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

H,

Altitude
m Z,

m

Accel. due to
gravity g,msec-z

w,

Specific weight kg m-2 sec-

2

Pressure scale height
Hp, m

Number density
n, m-:S

Particle Collision
speed frequency
V, m sec-I v, sec-I

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

38000 38200 38400 38600 38800 39000 39200 391100 39600 39800
.. 0000 110200 .. 0.. 00 .,0600 "0800 .. 1000 .. 1200 .. 1400 111600 .. 1800
112000 .. 2200 112.. 00 .. 2600 112800 113000 113200 1131100 .. 3600 USOO
.... 000 .... 200 ...... 00 .... 600 .... 8 0 0 .. 5 0 0 0 .. 5200 .. 5 .. 00 115600 .. 5800
.. 6000 .. 6200 1161000 106600 .. 6 8 0 0 _7000 .. 7200 1171100 1t7600 117800
48000 "8200 .. 81100 "8600 1t8800 119000 .. 9200 .. 91100 .. 9 6 0 0 .. 9800
50000 50500 51000 51500 52000 52500 53000 53500 5.. 000 5.. 500
55000 55500 56000 56500 57000 57500 58000 58500 59000 59500

38229 38 .. 31 38633 38836 39038 392 .. 1 39 .. 4 3 39646 39848 !t0051
.. 0 2 5 3 110.. 56 110658 "0861 .. 106.. .. 1266 .. 1.. 69 .. 1671 .. 18711 .. 2077
"2279 .. 2 .. 82 "2685 .. 2887 /03090 .. 3293 .. 31196 113698 "3901 4.. 10"
.... 307 .... 510 .... 712 .... 915 45118 115321 "552" .. 5727 115930 "6132
.. 6335 116538 /067/01 .. 694/0 1071 .. 7 /07350 /07553 .. 7756 .. 7959 .. 8 1 6 2
.. 8365 .. 8568 "8771 .. B974 4917B "93Bl 4958" 497B7 49990 50193
50396 509011 511113 51921 52 ..29 52937 53 .. 116 5395 .. 5....63 54971
55_80 55989 56..98 57007 S7516 58025 585311 590 .. 3 59553 60062

9.6897 9.6891 9.6885 9.6879 9.6873 9.6867 9.6861 9.685" 9.68"8 9.68"2
9.6836 9.6830 9.68211 9.6818 9.6811 9.6805 9.6799 9.6793 9.6781 9.6781
9.6775 9.6769 9.6762 9.6756 9.6750 9.674" 9.6738 9.6732 9.6726 9.6720
9.6713 9.6707 9.6701 9.6695 9.6689 9.6683 9.6677 9.6671 9.666" 9.6658
9.6652 9.66"6 9.66"0 9.663" 9.6628 9.6621 9.6615 9.6609 9.6603 9.6597
9.6591 9.6585 9.6579 9.6572 9.6566 9.6560 9.655" 9.654B 9.6542 9.6536
9.6530 9.651" 9.6"99 9.648" 9.6"68 9.61153 9.6"38 9.6/022 9.6407 9.6392
9.6377 9.6361 9.63_6 9.6331 9.6315 9.6300 9.6285 9.6270 9.625" 9.6239

5.0259 - 2 ".8767 4.7322 ... 5923 ".11568 ... 3256 ".1986 _.0755 3.956" 3.8"10
3.7291 - 2 3.6208 3.5159 3 • .,1102 3.3157 3.2202 3.1277 3.0380 2.9511 2.8668
2.7852 - 2 2.7060 2.6293 2.55"8 2.4827 2."127 2 . 3 .... 9 2.2791 2.2 I 52 2.1533
2.0933 - 2 2.0350 1.9785 1.9237 1.8705 1.8189 1• 7688 1.7202 1.6730 1.6272
1.5828 - 2 1.5396 1."977 1.4571 1."176 1.3793 1.3.... 8 1.3112 1.278" 1.2"65
1.2153 - 2 1.IB50 1.1554 1.1265 1.0983 1.0709 1.0.... 1 1.0180 9.9259 - 3 9.6778
9."359 - 3 8.B5711 8.31113 7.80.. 6 7.3261 6.9016 6.5003 6.1209 5.762" 5."237
5.1037 - 3 ".8015 ".5161 11.2"67 3.9925 3.7525 3.5262 3.3127 3.1114 2.9216

7271.3 7288 ... 7305 ... 7322.5 7339.5 7356.6 7373.7 7390.7 71107.8 7112".8
7.... 1.9 7459.0 71176.1 7"93.1 7510.2 7527.3 75 ....... 7561.5 7578.6 7595.7
7612.7 7629.8 76116.9 766".0 7681.1 7698.2 7715.3 7732 ... 77119.6 7766.7
7783.8 7800.9 7818.0 7835.1 7852.3 7869.4 7886.5 7903.6 7920.8 7937.9
7955.0 7972.2 7989.3 8006.5 8023.6 80"0.7 80"1.3 80"I.B 8042.3 B042.8
80"3.3 80"3.8 804".3 801t_.8 80"5.3 BO"5.8 80116.4 eO .. 6 . 9 8047." 8047.9
80 ..8." 80"9.7 8050.9 8052.2 B053.5 B025.0 7996.5 7968.0 7939.5 7911.0
7B82.5 7853.9 7825.4 7796.8 7768.3 7739.7 7711.1 7682.5 7653.9 7625.3

1.0785 +23 1.0"65 1.0156 9.8563 +22 9.5662 9.2852 9.0131 8.71195 8 ... 9..2 8.2"69
8.00711 +22 7.7753 7.55011 7.3325 7.1213 6.9167 6.718" 6.5262 6.3399 6.1593
5.98"2 +22 5.81"5 5.61199 5 . . . 9 0 .. 5.3356 5.1856 5.0"01 ... 8990 ".7621 11.6293
".5005 +22 ... 3755 ".25.. 3 4.1366 ... 0225 3.9117 3.8043 3.6999 3.5987 3.500"
3.11050 +22 3.312" 3.2225 3.1353 3.0505 2.9683 2.89113 2.8221 2.7517 2.6831
2.6163 +22 2.5510 2."B711 2.1125" 2.3650 2.3060 2.2"85 2.1925 2.1378 2.08"5
2 .0326 +22 1.9082 1.7915 1.6819 1.5791 1."878 1."015 1.3199 1.2"28 1.1700
1.1011 +22 1.0361 9.7465 +21 9.1666 8.6191 8.1025 7.61119 7.1550 6.7213 6.3123

"23.58 "211.06 "2".511 "25.02 "25.51 "25.99 "26 ...7 1126.95 1127.43 "27.90
1128.38 "28.86 "29.3" "29.81 "30.29 "30.76 "31.2" "31.71 1132.19 "32.66
1133.13 "33.61 "3".08 "3".55 1135.02 1135."9 "35.96 ..36 ...3 "36.90 "37.37
"37.83 "38.30 "38.77 "39.23 1139.70 11"0.16 ""0.63 .... 1.09 .... 1.56 .... 2 . 0 2
.... 2.48 .... 2 . 9 5 /0103 ... 1 4"3.87 ....... 33 ....... 79 "4".79 ..4... 79 .. 4... 79 444.79
114".79 "44.79 ....... 79 "4".79 .... 4.79 /0 ..... 79 4..... 79 4..... 79 ....... 79 .. 4... 79
1144.79 ....... 79 ....... 79 114".79 "11".79 "43.97 443.1" "42.32 11"1.119 4"0.66
"39.83 "39.00 "38.17 437.33 "36.50 435.66 "3".82 433.98 "33.13 "32.29

2.70"0 + 7 2.6269 2.5521 2.11796 2.4093 2.3"12 2.2751 2.2111 2.1490 2.0888
2.0303 + 7 1.9737 1.9187 1.86511 1.8137 1.7636 1.71"9 1.6677 1.6218 1.577"
1.53"2 + 7 1."923 1."516 1."122 1.3739 1.3367 1.3006 1.2655 1.2315 1.198"
1.1663 + 7 1.1351 1.1049 1.0755 1.0"69 1.0191 9.9219 + 6 9.6600 9."055 9.1583
8.9180 • 6 8.6846 8.4577 8.2372 8.0229 7.8146 7.6198 7."29B 7.2"46 7.06"0
6.8879 + 6 6.7162 6.5"88 6.3B55 6.2263 6.0711 5.9197 5.7722 5.6283 5."880
5.3512 + 6 5.0239 ".7166 ..... 281 ".1573 3.9098 3.6762 3."557 3.2/078 3.0516
2.8666 + 6 2.6922 2.5278 2.3728 2.2269 2.0B94 1.9599 1.8379 1.7232 1.6151

1.5665 - 5 1.6143 1.6635 1.71"1 1.7661 1.8195 1.87"5 1.9309 1.9890 2.0486
2.1099 - 5 2.1729 2.2376 2.30"1 2 . 3 7 2 .. 2."426 2.51"7 2.5887
2.66.. e
2.7"29
2.8232 - 5 2.9056 2.9902 3.0771 3.16611 3.2580 3.3521 3.....86 3.5"78 3.6495
3.75"0 - 5 3.8612 3.9712 4.08112 ".2000 4.3190 ....... 10 ".5662 11.69107 II.B265
4.9617 - 5 5.100" 5.2426 5.3886 5.5383 5.6918 5.B373 5.9866 6.1396 6.2966
6."576 - 5 6.6227 6.7920 6.9656 7.1"37 7.326" 7.5137 7.7058 7.9028 8.10"B
8.3120 - 5 8.B535
- 9.10303
1.0045 .. 1.0699 1.1355 1.205" 1.2800 1.359/0 1.44110
1.5343 - II 1.6306 1.733" 1.8"31 1.9601 2.0851 2.2186 2.3612 2.5136 2.6765

28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.96_ 28.9611 28.96" 28.96"
28.9611 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.9611 28.96"
28.96" 28.96_ 28.96" 2B.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.964 2B.96"
28.9611 28.9611 2B.96" 2B.96" 2B.96" 28.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.964 28.964
28.96" 28.96" 2 8 . 9 6 .. 28.9611 2B.96" 28.964 28.96" 28.96_ 2B.9611 28.9611
28.96" 28.96" 28.961t 28.96_ 28.96" 28.96/0 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611

TABLE lI.-Continued
77
GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude
Z, m H,

m

Accel. due to gravity g,msec-z

Specific weight w,kg m-2 sec-

2

Pressure scale height
Hp, m

--~~-

38000 38200 38 .. 0 0 38600
38800
39000 39200 391100
39600 3geoo

377711 37972
38169 38367 38565
38762 38960 39157 39355
39552

9.69011 9.6896 9.6892 9.6886
9.6880
9.68n 9.6868
9.6862 9.6856 9.6850

5.20011 - 2 5.0"711 11.8992
".7557 11.6167
4.11821 4.3517 4.22511
11.'030 3.98114

7252.1 7268.9 7285.8
7302.6 7319.5
7336.3 7353.2 7370.0
7386.9
7"03.1

110000 110200 110 .. 00 .. 0600
1t0800 ... 000 ... 200
1111100
.. 1600 .. ,800

39750 399117 .. 01 ..5 .. 0 3 .. 2
"05110 .. 0737 110935
.. 1132 111329 .. 1521

9.68"11 9.6838 9.6832 9.6826
9.6819 9.6813 9.6807
9.6801 9.6195
9.6789

3.8696 - 2 3.7582 3.65010
3.5"58 3 ....... 5
3.31163
3.2511 3.1588 3.0693
2.9825

71120.6 71137.11
7"5".3 7"11.1
1"88.0 15011.9 1521.7 7538.6 7555.11 7512.3

112000 .. 2200
1121100 .. 2600 .. 2800
"3000 .. 3200 .. 31100
.. 3600 ueoo

.. 172_
111922 112119
112316
11251" 112111 112908 113106 113303 .. 3500

9.6783 9.6777 9.6771 9.6165 9.6759 9.6153 9.67"7
9.61'" 9.6735 9.6129

2.89811 - 2 2.8169
2.1378 2.6611 2.5867
2.51"5 2.11 .... 5
2.3766 2.3107
2.21168

7589.2 1606.0 1622.9 7639.8 7656.1 1673.5 7690 ... 7707.3 77211.1
77"'.0

.... 000 .. 11200 ...... 00
.. 11600 .... 800 .. 5000 115200 1151100
115600 115800

113691 113895 11.. 092 1111289 .. 111186 .. 1168 ..
1111881 115078
115275 1151172

9.6723 9.6711 9.6111
9.6105 9.6698 9.6692
9.6686 9.6680
9.66711 9.6668

2.18"8 - 2 2.12117 2.0663 2.0096
1.95"6 1.9012
1.810911 1.7992 1.7503 1.7029

7757.9 77711.8 7791.7
7808.5 7825.11
78"2.3 7859.2 7876.1
7892.9 7909.8

116000 .. 6200 .. 61100 116600 .. 6eoo 117000 117200 117400 H600 117800
118000 118200 1181100 118600 .. 8800 .. 9000 .,9200 1191100 119600 .. 9800

115669 115867 1160611 116261 .. 61158 .. 6 6 5 5 .. 6852 1170119 1172 .. 6 11711113
..76.. 0 117837 11803 .. .. 8231 118.. 28
"8625 .,8822 119019 .. 9216 1191113

9.6662 9.6656 9.6650 9.66111j 9.6638 9.6632 9.6626 9.6620 9.661" 9.6608
9.6602 9.6596 9.6590 9.65811 9.6578 9.6512 9.6566 9.6560 9.655" 9.65"8

1.6569 - 2 1.6123 1.5689 1.5268 1.10858 1.111161 1."075 1.3107 1.3370 1.30111
1.2120 - 2 1.21106 1.2101 1.1803 1.1512 1.1229 1.0953 1.0683 1.01120 1.016"

7926.7 79.. 3.6 7960.5 7977." 79911.3 80 11.~ 8028.'1 80 .. 0.9 80111 ~Io
80111·9
f
80112.11 80112.9 80,,3.11 80113.9 8011... 11 801110.9 80115.11 80115.9 80"6.11 80"6.9

50000 50500 51000 51500
52000 52500
53000 53500
54000 511500

.. 9 6 1 0
50102 505911 51086
51518 52070
52562 53053 535 .. 5 511037

9.65"2 9.6526 9.6511 9.6.,91>
9.61181
9.6"66 9.61151 9.61131>
9.61121 9.6.. 06

9.9136 - 3 9.3150 8.7526
8.2243
1.7279 7.2653
6.8508 6.10587
6.0818 5.7369

80117." 80"8.1 80119.9
8051.2 8052.11
80"9.5 8021.5 7993.5
791>5.5 1937 ...

55000 55500 56000 56500 57000
57500 58000
58500 59000 59500

511528 55020 55511 56002 5 6 .. 9 3 569811 571176
57966 58.. 57
589118

9.6391 9.6376 9.6361
9.63116 9.6331
9.6316 9.6301 9.6286 9.6271
9.6256

5.10052 - 3 5.0915
".7951 ... 5149
".2502 ".0001 3.76110
3.5"10 3.3304 3.1317

7909.4 7881 ...
7853.3 7825.3
7797.2 7169.1 7741.1
7713.0 76811.9
71>56.9

Number density n, m-3

Particle Collision
speed frequency
'i, m sec-I v, sec-I

1.1159 +23 1.0831 1.051" 1.0206 9.9087 +22 9.6204 9.3"11 9.0705 8.8083 8.5543
8.3082 +22 8.0697 1.8386 7.6'''5 7.397" 1.1869 6.9829 6.7851 6.5933 6.11013
6.2270 +22 6.0522 5.8826 5.7181 5.5586 5.11039 5.2538 5.1082 ".9669 11.8298
".6968 +22 11.5618 ....... 25 4.3210 ".2030 ".0885 3.9773 3.86911 3.16117 3.6630
1.56112 +22 3.11683 3.3752 3.28118 3.1970 3.1117 3.0289 2.91199 2.87711 2.8068
2.1378 +22 2.6706 2.6050 2.5"10 2.11786 2... 178 2.35811 2.3005 2.2 ....0 2.1889
2.1352 +22 2.0066 1.8857 1.1722 1.6655 1.5660 1.11769 1.3926 1.3128 1.2373
1.1660 +22 1.0985 1.03"1 9.7439 +21 9.17111 8.6357 8.1211 1.61168 1.1932 6.7651

423.03 1123.51 423.99 424.116 11211.911 1125.111 1125.89 426.36 426.8_ 1127.31
1127.78 1128.26 "28.73 "29.20 1129.67 "30. lit 1130.61 1131.08 "31.55 1132.01
1132 • .,8 1132.95 1133.111 1133.88 "311.35 "311.81 1135.21 1135.711 1136.20 1136.66
1137.13 1137.59 "38.05 1138.51 1138.91 1139.113 1139.89 11110.35 1I1t0.80 11111.26
.. II 1. 72 11112.17 "112.63 "113.09 11103.510 111111.00 11"11.115 "1111.79 ....... 79 ....... 79
1111 ... 79 11 ..... 79 4..... 79 ....... 79 111111.79 41111.79 "44.79 .... 11.79 ....... 79 .... 11.79
"11".79 1111".19 ....... 19 11..... 79 11..... 79 4114.68 4113.87 11113.06 11"2.2" 11"1.113
11"0.62 1139.80 1138.98 "38.16 1137.3" 1136.52 .. 35.10 113".87 "3".05 "33.22

2.79111 + 7 2.7151 2.6385 2.56113 2.11923 2.11225 2.35117 2.289' 2.22511 2.1636
2.1031 + 7 2.01156 1.9892 1.931011 1.8813 1.8298 1.1198 1.7313 1.68101 1.63811
1.59"0 + 7 1.5509 1.5091 1.11685 1.11291 1.3908 1.3536 1.3175 1.28211 1.2"83
1.2152 + 7 1.1831 1.1519 1.1215 1.0921 1.06311 1.0356 1.0085 9.8225 + 6 9.5671
9.3188 + 6 9.0775 8.81129 8.61119 8.3932 8.1777 7.9681 7.7663 7.5755
1.389" ,
1.2019 + 6 1.0309 6.8582 6.6898 6.5255 6.3653 6.2090 6.0565 5.9079 5.1628
5.621" + 6 5.2828 11.96116 11.6656 ".38H 11.1218 3.8802 3.6520 3."365 3.2330
3.01109 + 6 2.8596 2.6885 2.5271 2.37118 2.2313 2.0959 1.9683 1.81180 1.73117

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

1.51110 - 5 1.5598 1.6069 1.6553 1.7050 1.7561 1.8086 1.8626 1.9180 1.9750
2.0335 - 5 2.0936 2.1553 2.2181 2.2839 2.H08 2."'911 2."900 2.56211 2.6368
2.7131 - 5 2.7915 2.8720 2.95116 3.039" 3.126" 3.2151 3.307" 3."0111 3."980
3.5970 - 5 3.6981 3.8029 3.9099 4.0197 11.1322 11.21177 11.3662 11.11877 11.6123
11.71>01 - 5 11.8111 5.0055 5. H33 5.28"5 5."2911 5.5779 5.7212 5.81111 6.0193
6.1109 - 5 6.3262 6."855 6.6"88 6.8162 6.9818 7.'636 1.3"110 1.5288 7.1183
1.9125 - 5 8."197 8.9593
- 9.5333
1.011111 .. 1.0788 1.1"39 1.2132 1.2869 1.36511
1..... 90 - 10 1.5380 1.6328 1.7339 1.8"16 1.956" 2.0788 2.20911 2.31087 2.4973

28.9611 28.96" 28.96_ 28.96_ 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.96" 28.9611
28.96" 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.9611 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.9611
28.9611 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611
28.9611 28.96" 28.96_ 28.96" 28.9611 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611
28.9611 28.96" 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.96_ 28.9611
28.9611 28.9611 28__ 9611
28.961028.9611 28.9611 28.96" 28.9610 28.9611 28.9611
28.9611 28.96" 28.9611 28.9611 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.9611

TABLE II.-Concluded
78
GEOPOTENTIAL ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

H,

Altitude
m Z,

m

Acce!.
due to gravity g,msec-z

w,

Specific weight kg m-zsec-z

Pressure scale height
Hp , m

60000 60500 61000 61500 62000 62500 63000 63500 61>COC 6"500
65000 65500 66000 66500 67000 67500 68000 68500 69000 69500
70000 70500 71000 71500 72000 12500 73000 73500 11>000 n500
75000 75500 16000 16$00 77000 77500 78000 78500 79000 79500
80000 80500 81000 81500 82000 82500 83000 83500 8.. 000 8.. 500
85000 85500 86000 86500 87000 81500 88000 88500 89000 89500
90000

60572 61081 61591 62101 62611 63121 63631 6"1"1 61>651 65161
65672 66182 66693 67203 617111 66225 68135 69246 69757 70268
70760 71291 11602 72311> 72825 13337 7381>8 7"360 711812 7538"
75896 76"08 76920 77.. 32 71944 78"57 78969 79"82 7999 .. 80507
81020 81533 820 .. 6 82559 83072 83585 811098 8.. 612 85125 851>39
86152 86666 87180 87693 88201 88nl 89236 89150 90264 90178
91293

9.6221> 9.6208 9.6193 9.6118 9.6163 9.611>7 9.6132 9.6111 9.6101 9.6086
9.6071 9.6056 9.60"0 9.6025 9.6010 9.5995 9.5979 9.5961> 9.59"9 9.5933
9.5918 9.5903 9.5868 9.5872 9.5857 9.58"2 9.5827 9.5811 9.5796 9.5781
9.517 9.575 9.57" 9.512 9.570 9.569 9.567 9.566 9.5610 9.563
9.561 9.560 9.558 9.557 9.555 9.55" 9.552 9.551 9.51>9 9.5"8
9.5106 9.51>5 9.5"3 9.5"2 9.540 9.538 9.537 9.535 9.53 .. 9.532
9.531

2. n21 - 3 2.511>1 2.4153 2.271>11 2.11>08 2.01"0 1.8937 1.7798 1.6718 1.5696
1.11729 - 3 1.3813 1.291>8 1.2130 1.1357 1.0627 9.9386 - 4 9.2890 8.6766 8.0996
"- 7.5561
1.0""6 6.56311 6.1110 5.6859 5.2868 ".9122 11.5606 11.2315 3.9230
3.631> - I> 3.361> 3.111 2.876 2.655 2.1050 2.258 2.080 1.91" 1.7"1
..- 1.581>
1..... 1 1.310 1.192 1.081t 9.862 - 5 8.971 8.161 7."23 6.752
6. 1112 - 5 5.581 5.082 11.623 ".205 3.825 3.1f79 3.165 2.867 2.588
2.338 - 5

1596.1 1568.0 1539." 11180.9
7t,22. " 1363.9 1305.3 72"6.1 7188.2 7129.6
7070.9 1012.3 6953.6 6894.9 6836.2 6777.5 6118.8 6660.0 6601.3 6542.5
61183.6 6"21>.8 6366.0 6307.1 621>8.2 6189.3 6130.11 6071.4 6012.5 5953.5
5894. 5835. 5176. 5117. 5658. 5599. 55 .. 0. 51181. 5.. 22. 5"23.
5"24. 5112". 5..25. 5426. 5421. 5428. 5"29. 51>30. 5.. 30. 5.. 31.
5.. 32. 5.. 33. 5.. 3... 51135. 51>36. 5.. 37. 51037. 5"38. 5"63. 5510.
5558.

Number density n, m-3

Particle Collision speed frequency
V, m sec-I v, sec-I

5.9261 +21 5.5633 5.2209 1>.9112 11.6289 ".3554 ".0961 3.8502 3.6113 3.3966
3.1878 +21 2.9902 2.8032 2.6265 2."596 2.3019 2.1531 2.0127 1.8603 1.1555
1.6380 +21 1.527" 1.1>233 1.325" 1.233" 1.11>70 1.0659 9.8978 +20 9.18"6 8.5163
7.891 +20 1.305 6.758 6.2"6 5.769 5.323 ".908 ".521 ".161 3.786
3.....10 +20 3.133 2.851 2.593 2.359 2.1117 1.953 1.777 1.616 1.1171
1.338 +20 1.217 1.107 1.001 9.165 +19 8.338 7.586 6.902 6.252 5.6105
5.101 +19

~31.1>1>
1>30.59 4 2 9 . 7 .. 1>28.01> "26.33 "2".61 "22.89 1421.15 1>19."1 411.67
1>15.91 "11>.15 412.38 "10.61 408.82 1>07.03 1>05.23 1>03.42 "01.61 399.78
397.95 396.11 3-91>.26 392."0 390.5" 388.66 386.17 38".88 382.98 381.06
379.1 317.2 315.3 313.3 371.3 369 ... 367." 365." 363." 363 ...
363 ... 363.1> 363." 363." 363." 363 ... 363.10 363." 363 ... 363.4
363." 363." 363.4 363." 363." 363.11 363 ... 363.10 36".2 365.1
367.3

1.5U5 + 6
1."119 1.3280 1.21>58
1.1681 1.0946 1.0253 9.5979 + 5 8.9800 8.3971

7.81>77 + 5 7.3300 6.8425 6.3836
5.9516 5.5459 5.1641>
".6061 ".11697 ".151>2

3.8583 3.5810 • 5
3.321" 3.076" 2.8511 2.6386 2.4401
2.25"8 2.0820 1.9209

1.771 + 5

1.631

1.501

1.380

1.268

1.16"

1.061

9.778 8.950

+ "

·.. 8.1"2
7."08 6.739

6.131

5.578

5.075

".617

... 200

3.821

3."77

3.163

2.878 2.618

+ "

2.382

2.167

1.971

1.793

1.632

1.108"

1.3"8

1.222

1.109 • 10

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

..- 2.8506
3.0368 3.2360 3.4358 3.61>98 3.8190 4.12"6 1>.3880 ".6706 ".9739
- 5.2998 ..
5.6501 6.0268 6.1>323 6.8669 7.3393 7.8"66 6.39"0 8.9851 9.6237
1.031" - 3 1.1061 1.1870 1.211>7 1.3698 I.H30 1.5851 1.7069 1.8395 1.9838
2. II> 1 - 3 2.313 2.500 2.705 2.929 3.17" 3 ..... 2 3.737 ".060 ".1>63
".906 - 3 5.392 5.927 6.515 7.161 7.871 8.651 9.509 1.0lt5 - 2 1.1"9
1.263 - 2 1.388 1.526 1.617 1.8"3 2.026 2.227 2.""8 2.702 2.993
3.312 - 2

28.961> 28.96" 28.9610 28.961> 28.961> 28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.961> 28.961> 28.96" 28.96" 26.961> 28.961> 28.964 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 26.961> 28.96" 28.961> 26.961> 28.9611 28.9611 28.96" 28.961>
28.961> 28.964 28.961> 28.961> 28.96" 28.9611 28.961> 28.96" 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.96"
28.96" 28.9610 28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.96" 28.961> 28.963
28.96

TABLE 1I.-Continued
79
GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude
Z, m H,

m

AcceL due to gravity g,msec-z

w,

Specific
weight kg m-zsec-z

Pressure scale height
Hp, m

Number density n, m- 3

Particle Collision
speed frequency
V, m sec-I v, sec-I

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

60000 60500 61000 61500 62000 62500 63000
6~500
611000 611500
65000 65500 66000 66500 67000 67500 68000 68500 69000 69500
70000 70500 71000 71500 72000 12500 73000 13500 711000 74500
75000 75500 76000 76500 77000 77500 78000 78500 79000 79500
80000 80500 81000 81500 82000 82500 83000 83500 811000 811500
85000 85500 86000 86500 87000 87500 88000 88500 89000 89500
90000

591139 59930 60"20 60911 61401 61891 62382 62872 63362 63852
6113112 611832 65322 65811 66301 66791 67280 67770 68259 687118
69237 69727 70216 70705 71193 71682 72171 72660 731118 13637
711125 7116111 75102 75590 76078 76566 770511 775112 78030 78518
79006 791193 19981 801168 80956 8111113 81930 821117 82904 83391
83878 8"365 8"852 85339 85825 86312 86798 81285 87771 88251
887113

9.62111
9.6226 9.6211 9.6196
9.6181 9.6166 9.6151 9.6136 9.6121 9.6106

2.911112 - 3 2.7673 2.60011 2.111130
2.3017 2.1692
2.011311 1.9239 1.8106 1.7032

9.6091
9.6076 9.6061 9.60116
9.6031
9.6016 9.6001 9.5986
9.5971 9.5956

1.6013 - 3 1.50118
1."1311 1.3269
1.21150
1.1675 1.09113 1.0251
9.59711 - II 8.98010

9.59111 9.5921 9.5912 9.5897
9.5882 9.5867
9.5852 9.5837 9.5822 9.5807

8.3983 - II 7.81192 7.3317 6.810111
6.3850 5.9529 5.51165
5.16115 11.8055 4.4685

9.579 9.578
9.576
9.575 9.573
9.572 9.570 9.569
9.567 9.566

4.152 - II 3.856 3.578
3.317 3.013 2.8115 2.632 2 ... 33
2.2117 2.071i

9.5611 9.563
9.561 9.560
9.558 9.557 9.555 9.5511
9.552 9.551

1.912 - II 1.7113 1.589 1 ..... 9
1.321 1.205 1.099 1.002 9.135 - 5 8.330

9.550 9.5118 9.541
9.5115 9 . 5 .... 9.5112
9.541 9.539
9.538 9.536

7.596 - 5 6.927 6.317 5.761 5.253
~~791
4.369 3.98" 3.63" 3.3111

9.535 , 3.022 - 5

7628.8 7600.7 7572.6 75411.5 7492.5 71135.1 7377.7 7320.3 7262.9 7205.5
71118.1 7090.6 7033.2 6975.7 6918.3 6860.8
680~.3
6745.9 6688." 6630.8
6573.3 6515.8 61158.3 61100.7 63113.2 6285.6 6228.1 6170.5 6112.9 6055.3
5998. 59110. 5882. 5825. 5767. 5710. 5652. 55911. 5537. 51079.
5"22. 5423. 5/023. 5"211. 51125. 5"26. 5"27. 51028. 51129. 5"29.
5_30. 5431. 51132. 51133. 511311. 543" • 5435. 51036. 5431. 5438.
51139.

6.~610 +21 5.9797 5.6199 5.2806 11.9760 11.6903 11.11189 11.1612 3.9168 3.68119
3.11651 +21 3.2567 3.059 .. 2.8725 2.6956 2.5283 2.3701 2.2206 2.07911 1.91160
1.8201 +21 1.70111 1.5895 1.118100 1.38117 1.2912 1.2032 1.1205 1 . 0 .. 28 9.6980 +20
9.013 +20 8.370 7.768 7.2011 6.675 6.181 5.719 5.287 11.8810 1i.508
10.157 +20 3.790 3.1157 3.152 2.875 2.622 2.391 2.180 1.989 1.8111
1.6511 +20 1.509 1.316 1.255 1.1115 1.0"" 9.522 +19 8.685 7.922 7.226
6.591 +19

1132.39 1131.56 1130.73 1129.90 1128.38 1126.70 1125.02 1123.33 1121.63 1119.93
1118.22 1116.51 /0111.78 "13.05 1111.32 1109.57 407.82 "06.06 "011.30 1102.52
1100.711 398.95 397.16 395.35 393.5" 391.12 389.89 388.06 386.21 3811.36
382.5 380.6 378.7 376.9 375.0 373.0 371.1 369.2 367.3 365.3
363.1i 363.1i 363.11 363.11 363.11 363.1i
363. " 363." 363." 363."
363.11 363." 363." 363.11 363.11 363." 363.11 363.11
36~.1I
363.11
363.11

1.6280 + 6 1.5275 1.11328 1.31137
1.2617 1.18116 1.1117
1.01027 9.77119 + 5 9.1591

8.5776 + 5 8.0288 7.511 I 7.0229 6.5628 6.12911 5.7213 5.3372
".9760 11.6364

... 31711 + 5 11.0177 3.7365 3.16727
3.225" 2.9937 2.7767
2.5737 2.3838 2.2063

2.0111 + 5 1.886
1.7Ii 1
1.607 1.1182
1.365 1.256 1.155
1.062 9.7117 + 4

8.9"0 8.153

+ "

1."35

6.780

6.183

5.639

5.1112

".690

11.277

3.901

3.558 + ~ 3.2115 2.959
2.699 2.1162 2.2105 2.0118 1.868
1.70" 1.55"

1.1118 + II

2.6560 - II 2.82511 3.0062 3.19911 3.3952 3.6021 3.8233 11.0600 11.31311 11.58.. 8
- " 11.8757
5.1876 5.5223 5.8815 6.26711 6.6821 7.1281 7.6081 8.12/09 8.6818
9.2821 - II 9.9299 1.0629 - 3 1.1385 1.2201 1.3085 1.110111 1.5078 1.6202 1.71121
1.87" - 3 2.018 2.175 2.3115 2.531 2.133 2.9511 3.195 3.1059 3.71i8
11.065 - 3 11.1157 11.888 5.360 5.817 6.11"5 7.067 7.749 8.1196 9.316
1.021 - 2 1.120 1.228 1.3"6 1.1176 1.618 1.7711 1.9"5 2. 13~ 2.318
2.563 - 2

28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.9611 28.9611 28.9610 28.9611 28.9611
2 8 . 9 6 .. 28.96" 28.9611 28.9610 28.9611 28.9611 28.96/0 28.96" 28.96_ 28.9611
28.9611 28.9611 28.9610 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.96"
28.96" 28.96" 28.9610 28.96_ 28.96!! 28.96/0 28.9611 28.96_ 28.9610 28.9610
28.961i 28.9611 28.9611 28.9611 28.96" 28.964 28.964 28.96" 28.9611 28.96"
28.9611 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.96" 28.9610 28.96" 28.96" 28.9611 28.9610
28.96

TABLE lI.-Continued
80
GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude
Z, m H,

m

Accel. due to gravity
g,msec-2

w,

Specific weight kg m-2 sec-2

Pressure scale height
Hp , m

90000 90500 91000 91500 92000 92500 93000 93500 9"000 9.. 500
95000 95500 96000 96500 97000 97500 98000 98500 99000 99500
100000 101000 102000 103000 104000 105COO 106000 107000 108000 109000
110000 111000 112000 113000 11 ..000 115000 116000 117000 118000 119000
120000 121000 122000 123000 12 .. 000 125000 126000 127000 128000 129000
130000 131000 132000 133000 13"000 135000 136000 131000 138000 139000
1.. 0000 1.. 1000 1.. 2000 1.. 3000 1.... 000 1.. 5000 1116000 1.. 1000 1108000 1119000
150000 151000 152000 153000 15 ..000 155000 156000 157000 158000 159000

8871<3 89229 89715 90201 90687 91173 91659 921 .... 92630 93116
93601 9 .. 0 8 6 94572 95057 955 .. 2 96027 96512 96997 9 7.. 82 97966
98.. 51 99420 100389 101357 102326 1 0 3 2 9 .. 10 .. 261 105228 106195 107162
108129 109095 110060 111026 111991 112956 113921 11 .. 885 1158"9 116813
117776 118139 119702 120665 121627 122589 123551 12.. 512 1251173 126.. 3"
1273911 12835" 12931 .. 1 3 0 2 7 .. 131233 132192 133151 13.. 109 135067 136025
136983 1379.. 0 138897 139853 1.. 0 8 1 0 1.. 1766 1.. 2721 1"3677 1.... 6 3 2 1.. 5587
1"65"1 1107"96 1.. 81150 1.. 9.. 0 3 150357 151310 152263 153215 1511167 155119

9.535 9.533 9.532 9.530 9.529 9.527 9.526 9 . 5 2 .. 9.523 9.521
9.520 9.518 9.517 9.515 9.51 .. 9.513 9.511 9.510 9.508 9.507
9.505 9.502 9.499 9.496 9."93 9.490 9."88 9."85 9.1082 9.1079
9.1176 9."73 9.1070 9."67 9.116" 9."61 9."58 9."55 9."52 9 ..... 9
9."117 9 ...... 4 9..... 1 9."38 9."35 9."32 9."29 9."26 9."23 9."20
9.1117 9."15 9.1012 9."09 9."06 9.lt03 9."00 9.397 9.39" 9.391
9.388 9.386 9.383 9.380 9.371 9.374 9.371 9.368 9.365 9.362
9.360 9.357 9.35" 9.351 9.3.. 8 9.3115 9.3"2 9.339 9.337 9.33"

3.022 - 5 2.135 2.1t77 2.2lt5 2.036 1.8"9 ' 1.679 1.527 1.389 1.265
1.153 - 5 1.051 9.5910 - 6 8.761 8.006 7.321 6.699 6.131t 5.620 5.153
10.728 - 6 3.952 3.318 2.796 2.366 2.009 1.712 1."63 1.255 1.080
9.31" - 7 1.919 6.713 5.825 5.036 11.37" 3.816 3.3"" 2.941 2.597
2.301 - 7 1.99" 1.7"1 1.530 1.353 ' 1.203 1.075 9.6lt7 - 8 8.696 1.869
7.1111 - 8 6.51" 5.955 5.1060 5.020 1l.628 ".276 3.961 3.676 3."19
3.186 - 8 2.975 2.782 2.606 2 ..... 5 2.298 2.162 2.038 1.923 1.816
1.718 - 8 1.635 1.557 1."811 1... 16 1.351 1.291 1.23" 1.1 BO 1.129

5439. 5.. 85. 5531. 5577. 5623. 5669. 5715. 5761. 5807. 5853.
5899. 59 .. 6 . 5992. 6038. 608 ... 6130. 6171. 6223. 6269. 6315.
6362. 6515. 6668. 6821. 69711. 7128. 7281. 71<35. 7588. 771<2.
7896. 8201. 8507. 8813. 9119. 9.. 25. 9732. 10038. 10345. 10652.
10959. 11570. 12182. 1279". 13.. 0 7 . 1..019. 1.. 6H. 152 .. 6 . 15860. 16 .. 711.
17089. 17701t. 18320. 18936. 19552. 20168. 20785. 21 ..03. 22020. 22638.
23251. 23876. 211 .. 95. 25115. 25735. 26355. 26976. 27597. 28218. 288"0.
29.. 62. 29932. 301001. 30871. 313.. 1. 31812. 32282. 32753. 3322". 33696.

Number density n, m-3

Particle Collision speed frequency
\i, m sec-I II, sec-I

6.591 +19 5.965 5.403 It.898 ....... 4 ... 035 3.667 3.335 3.035 2.76"
2.520 +19 2.298 2.098 1.917 1.752 1.603 l.lt67 1.3 .... 1.232 1.130
1.037 +19 8.681 +18 7.295 6.156 5.215 ...lt31t 3.78" 3.2100 2.783 2.398
2.073 +18 1.766 1.513 1.30" 1.129 9.830 +17 8 . 5 9 .. 7.5"6 6.652 5.886
5.226 +17 ".539 3.972 3."98 3.100 2.761 2.1172 2.22" 2.009 1.821
1.657 +17 1.513 1.386 1.273 1.173 1.083 1.002 9.299 +16 8.6"5 8.053
7.516 +16 7.027 6.581 6.17" 5.801 5."58 5. III] ".852 ".58" ".336
".107 +16 3.911 3.732 3.562 3."02 3.251 3.109 2.975 2.8119 2.730

363.4 364.9 366.4 367.9 369.1t 370.9 372.3 313.8 375.3 376.7
378.2 379.6 381.1 382.5 383.9 385.4 386.8 388.2 389.6 391.0
392.4 397.0 "01.6 406.1 "10.6 415.0 "19." "23.7 "28.0 "32.3
"36.5 .... It. 8 452.9 "60.9 "68.8 1176.5 "8".1 "91.6 "99.0 506.3
513." 527.5 510 1.2 55".5 567.5 580.3 592.7 60lt.9 616.9 628.7
6110.2 651.5 662.6 673.6 68".3 69 ... 9 705." 715.7 725.8 735.8
1105.7 755 ... 165.0 174.5 783.9 793.2 802.3 811 ... 820.3 829.2
838.0 8..... 5 851.0 B57." 863.8 870.1 876." 882.6 88B.8 894.9

1.418 + 4 1.288 1.172 1.067 9.716 + 3 8.858 8.081 7.378 6.7112 6.16"
5.6"0 + 3 5.165 4.132 ... 339 3.982 3.656 3.359 3.088 2.8"1 2.615
2.409 + 3 2.0"0 1.134 1."80 1.267 1.089 9.393 + 2 8.126 7.051 6.136
5.356 + 2 ".6 ..9 ".057 3.557 3.13" 2.713 2.lt63 2.196 1.965 1.76"
1.588 + 2 1."17 1.272 1.1"8 1.0"1 9 ... 8.. + 1 8.671t 7.963 7.33" 6.777
6.280 + 1 5.836 5."36 5.076 ... 750
" ... 511 ".185 3.939 3.7110 3.507
3.317 + 1 3.1"2 2.980 2.830 2.691 2.562 2."112 2.330 2.226 2.128
2.037 + 1 1.956 I.B80 1.807 1.739 1.67" 1.613 1.55" 1."99 1.....6

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

2.563 - 2 2.832 3.127 3 ..... 9 3.802 ... 187 ... 607 5.066 5.566 6. III
6.705 - 2 7.350 8.052 8.815
- 9.6"3
1.05" 1 1.151 1.257 1.371 l.lt95
1.629 - 1 1.9"6 2.316 2.7 .... 3.240 3.810 It.465 5.215 6.071 7.0"5
8.150 - 1 9.568 1.117 + 0 1.296 l.lt96 1.719 1.966 2.239 2.5"0 2.870
3.233 + 0 3.722 ".25" ".830 5."51 6.118 6.833 7.597 8."11 9.276
1.019 + 1 1.116 1.219 1.327
1. " .. 1 1.560 1.686 1.817 1.9510 2.098
2.2"8 + 1 2."0" 2.567 2.737 2.913 3.095 3.285 3."82 3.685 3.896
11.11" + 1 ".317 ".527 ".1 .. 3 ".967 5.191 5 ... 3.. 5.678 5.930 6.188

28.96 28.96 28.96 28.96 28.96 28.96 28.96 28.95 28.95 28.95
28.9" 28.9" 28.9" 28.93 28.92 28.92 28.91 28.90 28.90 28.89
28.88 28.86 28.83 28.81 28.78 28.75 28.72 28.68 28.6" 28.60
28.56 28.51 28."1 28."2 28.37' 28.32 28.27 28.22 28.17 28.12
28.07 28.02 27.97 27.91 27.86 27.81 27.76 27.72 27.67 27.62
27.58 27.53 27."9 27."5 27."1 27.37 27.33 27.30 27.26 27.23
27.20 27.17 27.13 27.11 27.08 27.05 27.02 27.00 26.911
26.9"
26.92 26.89 26.87 26.8" 26.82 26.79 26.17 26.711 26.71 26.69

TABLE n.-Continued
81
GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude
Z, m H,

m

AcceL due to gravity
g,msec-2

Specific weight w,kg m-2 sec-2

Pressure scale height
Hp , m

160000 161000 162000 163000 164000 165000 166000 167000 166000 169000
170000 111000 112000 173000 1711000 115COO 116000 177000 176000 119000
160000 161000 182000 183000 1810000 185000 166000 187000 168000 189000
190000 191000 192000 193000 1910000 195000 196000 197000 196000 199000
200000 201000 202000 203000 2010000 205000 206000 207000 206000 209000
210000 2 II 000 212000 213000 21 .. 000 215000 216000 217000 216000 219000
220000 221000 222000 223000 22 .. 000 225000 226000 227000 228000 229000
230000 231000 232000 233000 2311000 235000 236000 237000 238000 239000

156011 151022 151913 156924 159614 160825 161775 1627210 163613 1610622
165511 166520 1671166 1681116 169363 170310 171257 1722011 173150 114097
1150112 175968 116933 177676 116623 119767 180711 181655 182598 1835112
1811485 185421 186370 187312 188253 189195 190136 191077 192018 192956
193696 194636 195777 196716 197655 1985911 199532 2001010 2011008 2023116
203263 20 .. 220 205156 206093 207029 2079611 206900 209835 210770 211705
212639 213513 214507 215440 216374 211306 218239 219171 220104 221035
221967 222698 223629 2211760 225690 226620 227550 2281079 2291109 230336

9.331 9.326 9.325 9.322 9.319 9.317 9.314 9.311 9.308 9.305
9.302 9.299 9.291 9.2911 9.291 9.266 9.285 9.262 9.260 9.277
9.2711 9.271 9.268 9.265 9.263 9.260 9.257 9.2511 9.251 9.246
9.246 9.2113 9.2110 9.231 9.2310 9.231 9.229 9.226 9.223 9.220
9.211 9.215 9.212 9.209 9.206 9.203 9.200 9.196 9.195 9.192
9.169 9.186 9.164 9.161 9.176 9.115 9.113 9.170 9.167 9.164
9.161 9.159 9.156 9.153 9.150 9.1117 9.145 9.1102 9.139 9.136
9.134 9.131 9.128 9.125
9~122
9.120 9.117 9.114 9.111 9.109

1.061 - 6 1.040 1.002 9.646 - 9 9.292 6.954 8.631 6.322 6.027 1.745
1.1175 - 9 1.2311 1.002 6.779 6.565 6.356 6.159 5.967 5.782 5.604
5.1133 - 9 5.266 5.108 4.9511 11.606 11.663 1<.525 11.392 4.263 4. \39
4.019 - 9 3.909 3.802 3.698 3.598 3.501 3.407 3.316 3.227 3.1101
3.056 - 9 2.971 2.899 2.823 2.749 '2.676 2.606 2.5101 2.1016 2.412
2.351 - 9 2.291 2.233 2.176 2.122 2.066 2.011 1.967 1.918 1.870
1.624 - 9 1.779 1.736 1.6911 1.652 1.612 1.573 1.536 1.1099 1.463
1.428 - 9 1.395 1.363 1.332 1.301 1.272 1.2113 1.2111 1.187 1.160

34166. 34466. 34604. 35123. 35442. 35161. 36060. 36399. 36719. 37039.
37356. 31566. 37814. 360111. 36269. 361197. 36726. 369511. 39162. 391011.
396110. 39869. "0098. 40327. 40556. 110766. "1015. 412115. I< 11175. 41104.
41935. 42103. 42271. 421039. 102608. "2776. 1029115. 103113. 103282. 103451.
103620. "3789. "3958. "4127. .... 297. 4101066. "10636. 1010806. 44975. 45145.
45315. 1451185. 45655. 45626. 45996. 106166. 46337. "6507. 46676. 106849.
47020. 47191. "7362. 47533. "7705. 117876. "80"8. 48219. 108391. 118563.
108135. 116675. 119016. 119156. 119297. "91138. 119579. 119720. "9661. 50002.

Number density n, m-3

Particle Collision
speed frequency
V, m sec-I ZI, sec-I

2.616 +16 2.523 2.432 2.345 2.262 2.162 2.107 2.034 1.9611 1.691
1.630 +16 1.773 1.719 1.667 1.616 1.566 1.521 1.476 1.1132 1.390
1.3"9 +16 1.310 1.272 1.236 1.201 1.166 1.134 1.102 1.071 1.041
1.0\3 +16 9.863 +15 9.607 9.359 9.119 8.866 8.659 8.439 6.226 6.019
7.616 +15 7.622 7."33 7.248 7.069 6.696 6.727 6.562 6."03 6.248
6.097 +15 5.951 5.608 5.670 5.535 5,10010 5.277 5.153 5.033 4.915
10.601 +15 10.690 4.582 10.477 ... 375 1t.27S ... 178 10.083 3.991 3.902
3.615 +15 3.732 3.651 3.573 3.496 3.1121 3.348 3.277 3.206 3.140

901.0 905.1 909.1 913.1
917. I 921. I
925.0 929.0 932.9
936.6

1.396 + 1
1.351 1.306
1.261
1.226 1.190
1.153 1.116 1.065
1.052

9110.1
9113.4 9116.1 9116.6
951.5 9511.2 956.9
959.6 962.2 9611.9

1.019 + I 9.903 + 0 9.627 9.361
9.103
6.65" 6.614
8.361 8.156
7.938

967.5 970.2
972.6 975.11
976.1
980.7 983.3
985.9 988.5 991.0

1.727 + 0 7.524 7.326 7.135 6.950
6.771 6.597
6."29 6.266 6.109

993.6 995.5 991.3
999.1 1001.0 1002.8
1004.6 1006.11 1006.2
1010.0

5.955 + 0
5.811 5.671
5.535 5.1003
5.27" 5.149 5.027 ... 909
... 79"

1011.6 1013.7
1015.5 1017.3 1019.0
1020.6 1022.6
1024.4 1026.2 1028.0

... 682 + 0 ... 513 ..... 67 4.364
".26" 10.167 ... 072
3.979 3.689 3.802

1029.6

3.716 + 0

1031.5 1033.3

-

3.633 3.552

1035.1

3.10 74

1036.6

3.397

1036.6

3.322

10"0.3

3.2"9

10"2.1

3.179

10103.9

3.109

10105.6

3.042

10101.3
10"9. I 1050.8
1052.6 10S,!I.3 1056.0 1057.8 1059.5 1061.2 1062.9

2.976 + 0
2.912 2.850 2.789
2.730 2.672
2.616 2.561 2.507 2.1155

10'610.7
1066.0 1067.4 1066.8
1070.1 1071.5
1072.9 10710.2 1015.6 1076.9

2.11011 + 0
2.355 2.307 2.260
2.215 2.170
2.126 2.0611 2.0112
2.002

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

6.454 + 1 6.697 6.946 7.205 7.410 7.741 8.020 6.307 6.601 6.9011
9.233 + I 9.521 9.626 1.0111 + 2 1.0115 1.078 1.111 1.1115 1. 180 1.216
1.252 + 2 1.290 1.328 1.367 1.1107 1.11116 1.490 1.533 1.577 1.622
1.668 + 2 1.713 1.759 1.805 1.853 1.901 1.951 2.002 2.054 2.107
2.161 + 2 2.216 2.273 2.331 2.390 2.1150 2.512 2.574 2.639 2.7011
2.771 + 2 2.839 2.909 2.980 3.052 3.126 3.202 3.279 3.357 3.1037
3.519 + 2 3.602 3.687 3.774 3.862 3.952 10.01010 11.131 4.233 10.330
10.1129 + 2 11.527 ... 627 11.729 11.832 11.938 5.0106 5.155 5.267 5.381

26.66 26.63 26.60 26.58 26.55 26.52 26.49 26.107 26.1110 26.42
26.115 26.112 26.39 26.36 26.33 26.30 26.27 26.24 26.21 26.18
26.15 26.12 26.09 26.06 26.03 26.00 25.97 25.911 25.91 25.88
25.85 25.82 25.79 25.76 25.13 25.10 25.66 25.65 25.62 25.59
25.56 25.53 25.50 25.107 25.44 25.101 25.38 25.35 25.33 25.30
25.27 25.24 25.21 25.16 25.15 25.12 25.09 25.06 25.010 25.01
210.98 24.95 24.92 24.89 24.86 24.83 210.80 210.77 24.75 211.72
211.69 2".66 211.63 211.60 211.57 211.511 211.51 211.109 211.116 2".113

668502 0 - 63 - 7

TABLE n,-Continued 82
GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Z,

Altitude
m H,

m

Accel. due to
gravity g,msec-z

w,

Specific weight kg m-2 sec-2

Pressure scale height
Hp , m

240000 241000 242000 243000 2 .. 4000 245000 2 .. 6000 2 .. 7000 248000 249000
250000 251000 252000 253000 25 .. 000 255COO 256000 257000 258000 259000
260000 261000 262000 263000 26 .. 000 265000 266000 267COO 268000 269000
270000 271000 212000 273000 27.. 000 275000 276000 271000 278000 219000
280000 281000 2e2000 283000 284000 2e5COO 2e6000 287000 2e8000 289000
290000 291000 292000 293000 294000 295000 296000 297000 298000 299000
300000 302000 30"000 306000 306000 310000 312000 314000 316000 318000
320000 322000 32i1000 326000 328000 330000 332000 33 .. 000 336000 338000

231266 232195 233123 23 .. 051 234978 235905 236832 237759 238686 239612
2 .. 0538 2 .. 1.. 63 2"2389 24331 .. 2i1i1238 245163 246081 2 .. 7011 247934 2"8858
2 .. 9781 25070" 251626 2525 .. 8 253.. 10 25.. 392 255313 256235 257155 258076
258996 259916 260836 261755 262615 26359 .. 26 .. 512 265"30 2663 .. 9 267266
268184 269101 21001 B 210935 211851 272761 273683 214599 215514 2761<29
2713"4 278258 279112 280086 281000 281913 282826 283139 284652 28556"
286476 286299 290121 291942 293762 295581 297399 299215 301031 30281<5
304659 306.. 71 308282 310092 311901 313109 315516 317322 319127 320930

9.106 9.103 9.100 9.098 9.095 9.092 9.089 9.087 9.084 9.081
9.078 9.076 9.073 9.070 9.067 9.065 9.062 9.059 9.056 9.054
9.051 9.0"8 9.0"5 9.0"3 9.0"0 9.037 9.03" 9.032 9.029 9.026
9.02" 9.021 9.018 9.015 9.013 9.010 9.007 9.00" 9.002 8.999
8.996 8.994 8.991 8.988 8.986 8.983 8.980 8.917 8.975 8.972
8.969 8.961 8.96" 8.961 8.958 8.956 8.953 8.950 8.9i18 8.9"5
8.9"2 8.937 8.932 8.926 8.921 8.916 8.910 8.905 8.899 8.8910
8.889 8.883 8.818 8.873 8.868 8.862 8.851 8.852 8.846 8.8 .. 1

1.134 - 9 1.1011 1.084 1.059 1.036 1.013 9.902 -10 9.683 9.470 9.262
9.058 -10 8.860 8.667 8.478 8.29" 8.115 1.9"0 7.769 7.602 7.1039
7.280 -10 7.125 6.973 6.826 6.681 6.5"0 6."03 6.268 6.137 6.009
5.88" -10 5.762 5.6"2 5.526 5.1012 5.301 5.192 5.086 ".982 ".880
~.781 -10 4.68" 10.590 4.497 ..... 07 '10.318 ".232 4.148 4.065 3.981<
3.905 -10 3.828 3.753 3.619 3.607 3.536 3."61 3."00 3.334 3.269
3.206 -10 3.086 2.971 2.860 2.75" 2.653 2.556 2."62 2.372 2.286
2.204 -10 2.124 2.048 1.915 1.905 1.831 1.712 1.710 1.650 1.593

50144. 50285. 50il26. 50568. 50709. 50851. 50993. 51135. 51277. 51 .. 19.
51561. 51703. 518 .. 5. 51987. 52130. 52272. 52 .. 15. 52557. 52700. 52843.
52986. 53128. 53271. 53.. 15. 53558. 53701. 538..... 53988. 5.. 131. 5"275.
5 .... 18. 5.. 562. 5.. 706. 5.. 850. 5.. 99 ... 55138. 55282. 55.. 26. 55570. 55715.
55859. 56004. 56148. 56293. 56 .. 38. 56583. 56727. 56872. 57018. 57163.
57308. 57453. 57599. 5174". 57890. 58035. 58181. 58327. 58473. 56619.
56765. 59012. 59260. 59501. 59155. 60004. 60253. 60501. 60151. 61000.
61250. 61500. 61150. 62001. 62251. 62502. 62754. 63005. 63257. 63509.

Number density n, m-3

Porticle
speed
V, m sec-I

3.074 +15 3.009 2.946 2.885 2.82" 2.766 2.709 2.653 2.598 2.5"5
2."93 -IS
2.""2 2.392 2.3 .... 2.296 2.250 2.205 2.160 2.117 2.075
2.03" +15 1.993 1.95" 1.916 1.878 1.8i11 1.805 1.710 1.736 1.702
1.669 +15 1.637 1.605 1.575 1.5"5 1.515 1."86 1."58 1.431 1."0"
1.371 +15 1.352 1.326 1.302 1.217 1.254 1.231 1.208 1.186 1.16"
1.143 +15 1.122 1.102 1.082 1.062 1.0"3 1.024 1.006 9.817 +1" 9.701
9.528 +1" 9.201 8.686 8.583 8.291 8.011 7.741 7.482 7.232 6.992
6.761 +111 6.538 6.324 6.118 5.919 5.127 5.543 5.365 5.193 5.028

1078.3 1079.7 1081.0 1082." 1083.7 1085.1 1086.4 1087.7 1089.1 1090.4
1091.8 1093.1 1094.4 1095.8 1097.1 1098.4 1099.8 110 I. 1 1102.iI 1103.8
1105.1 1106." 1101.1 1109.0 111 0." 1111.7 1113.0 111".3 1115.6 1116.9
1118.2 1119.5 1120.8 1122.1 1123." 112".7 1126.0 1127.3 1128.6 1129.9
1131.2 1132.5 1133.8 1135.1 1136.4 1137.1 1139.0 1140.2 1141.5 11102.8
11"10.1 1145.4 11"6.6 11"7.9 11"9.2 1150.5 1151.7 1153.0 1154.3 1155.5
1156.8 1158.9 1161.0 1163.0 1165.1 1161.2 1169.2 1111.3 1173." 1175."
1177.5 1119.5 1181.5 1183.6 1185.6 1181.1 1189.1 1191.7 1193.1 1195.8

Collision frequency
II, sec-I
_ 0
1.962 1.923 1.885 1.8"8 1.812 1.776 1.742 1.708 1.675 1.642
1.611 • 0 1.580 1.550 1.520 l.il91 1.463 l.il35 1."08 1.382 1.356
1.330 + 0 1.305 1.281 1.251 1.23" 1.211 1.189 1.167 1.1"6 1.125
1.105 + 0 1.085 1.065 1.0106 1.027 1.009 9.907 - 1 9.731 9.558 9.389
9.223 - 1 9.060 8.901 8.745 8.593 6.10103 8.296 8.153 8.012 1.81"
1.738 - 1 1.606 7.476 7.349 7.224 1.101 6.981 6.8610 6.748 6.635
6.524 - 1 6.311 6.106 5.908 5.716 5.53" 5.358 5.181 5.023 10.865
4.712 - 1 4.565 4.423 4.286 4.15 .. 1<.026 3.903 3.7810 3.610 3.559

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

_ 2 5.496 5.614 5.735 5.857 5.982 6.108 6.238 6.369 6.503 6.639
6.778 + 2 6.919 7.063 7.209 1.358 7.509 7.663 7.820 7.980 8.1102
8.307 + 2 8."75 8.6"6 8.820 8.996 9.176 9.359 9.5"5 9.73" 9.921
1.012 + 3 1.032 1.052 1.073 1.09i1 1.115 1.137 1.159 1.18 I 1.20"
1.227 + 3 1.250 1.274 1.298 1.323 1.347 1.373 1.399 1.425 1.451
1."78 + 3 1.506 1.534 1.562 1.591 1.620 1.650 1.680 1.710 1.742
1.773 + 3 1.836 1.901 1.968 2.038 2.109 2.182 2.258 2.336 2."16
2.499 + 3 2.58" 2.671 2.162 2.85" 2.950 3.048 3.1"9 3.253 3.360

2".40 2i1.37 2".34 2".31 24.28 2".25 2".22 2".20 2".17 2".14
2".11 2".08 2".05 24.02 23.99 23.96 23.93 23.91 23.88 23.85
23.82 23.79 23.16 23.73 23.70 23.61 23.6" 23.62 23.59 23.56
23.53 23.50 23." 7 23 ..... 23."1 23.38 23.35 23.33 23.30 23.21
23.24 23.21 23.18 23.15 23.12 23.09 23.06 23.03 23.01 22.98
22.95 22.92 22.89 22.86 22.83 22.80 22.77 22.75 22.72 22.69
22.66 22.60 22.54 22.49 22.43 22.37 22.31 22.26 22.20 22.1"
22.08 22.03 21.97 21.91 21.86 21.80 21.7" 21.69 21.63 21.58

TABLE Jr.-Continued
83
GEOMETRIC ALTITUDE, METRIC UNITS

Altitude
Z, m H,

m

Accel. due to gravity
g,msec-2

Specific weight w,kg m-2 sec-2

Pressure scale height
Hp , m

340000 342000 344000 3 .. 6000 3.. 8000 350000 352000 35"000 356000 358COO
360000 362000 36 .. 000 366000 368000 370000 372000 3111000 376000 378000
380000 382000 38 .. 000 386000 388000 390000 392000 394000 396000 398000
1100000 1102000 "0"000 1106000 "08000 1110000 1112000 111 .. 000 416000 1118000
.. 20000 1122000 1124000 426000 .. 28000 .. 30000 .. 32000 .. 311000 .. 36000 .. 38000
.. 40000 .... 2000
"""000
~"6000
"48000 "50000 "52000 "54000 "56000 .. 58000
"60000 1162000 .. 611000 466000 "68000 1170000 "72000 111"000 "76000 .. 78000
1180000 1182000 "811000 "86000 488000 1190000 "92000 49 .. 000 "96000 1098000

322733 324534 326335 328134 329932 331729 333525 335320 337114 338907
340699 3 .. 2 .. 90 344279 3 .. 6068 3.. 7856 349642 351427 353212 354995 356777
358559 360339 362118 363896 365673 3674 .. 9 369223 370997 372770 374542
376312 378082 379850 381618 38338 .. 385150 38691 .. 388617 390.... 0 392201
393961 395720 397478 399235 400991 .. 02746 404500 406253 .. 08005 .. 09756
" 11506 .. 13255 .. 15002
"167~9
.. 18 .. 95 420240 421983 1123726 11251167 .. 27208
"289"6 .. 30686 432 .. 24 4311160 435896 437630 .. 3936.. ""1096 ""2826 ""4558
"46287 ""8016
1I~97"3
"51"69
~53195
"5.. 919 "566 ..2 "58365
~60066
"61806

8.836 8.830 8.825 8.820 8.815 8.809 8.804 8.799 8.794 8.788
8.783 8.778 8.773 8.768 8.762 8.757 8.752 8.71t7 8.741 8.736
8.731 8.726 8.721 6.716 8.710 6.705 8.700 8.695 8.690 8.685
8.619 8.67.. 6.669 8.66" 8.659 8.65" 8.6"9 8.6 .... 8.638 8.633
8.628 8.623 8.618 8.613 8.608 8.603 8.598 8.593 8.588 8.563
8.517 8.572 8.561 8.562 8.557 8.552 8.5"7 8.542 8.537 8.532
8.521 8.522 8.517 8.512 8.501 8.502 8."91 8."92 8."87 8."82
8.477 8."72 6."67 8."62 6."57 8.1153 8.4"8 8.4"3 8."38 8.1133

1.537 -10 1.484 1.433 1.383 1.336 1.290 1.247 1.201f 1.16" 1.125
1.087 -10 1.051 1.016 9.820 -11 9."96 9.183 8.882 8.592 8.313 8.043
7.783 -11 7.533 7.291 7.056 6.833 6.616 6.407 6.205 6.010 5.822
5.640 -11 5.468 5.302 5.142 ".986 ".836 ".691 ... 550 ..... 1.. ".283
1f.156 -11 4.033 3.913 3.798 3.687 3.579 3.1074 3.373 3.275 3 • .180
3.088 -11 2.999 2.913 2.830 2.7109 2.670 2.5911 2.521 2.450 2.381
2.314 -II 2.2"9 2.166 2.125 2.066 2.009 1.953 1.899 1.6"7 1.796
1.747 -11 1.699 1.653 1.608 1.565 1.522 1."81 1..... 1 1.1103 1.365

63762. 64014. 6.. 267. 64521. 64774. 65028. 65282. 65536. 65791. 660 .. 5.
66300. 66556. 66811. 67067. 6732 ... 67580. 67837. 6809 ... 68351. 68608.
68866. 69124. 69362. 696 .. 1. 69900. 70159. 70418. 70618. 70938. 11198.
71 .. 59. 71673. 71888. 72103. 72318. 72533. 72749. 7296... 73180. 13396.
73613. 73829. 7.. 046. 74263. 7""80. 74698 • 74916. 75133. 75352 • 75570.
75189. 16007. 76226. 76"45. 16665. 76885. 1710 ... 77325. 17545. 17765 •
17986. 76207 • 181128. 78650. 78871. 79093. 79315 • 79537. 79760. 79983.
80206. 60 .. 29. 60652. 60816. 81100. 81324. 815"8. 61772. 81997. 82222.

Number
density n, m-::I

Particle Collision speed frequency
V, m sec-I 71, sec-I

Mean free Molecular

path

weight

L, m

M

4.869 +14 4.115 4.567 ..... 2 .. ".286 4.153 4.025 3.901 3.781 3.665
3.554 +1" 3 ..... 6 3.3"2 3.2"2 3.144 3.051 2.960 2.872 2.787 2.706
2.626 +14 2.550 2."76 2·... 0.. 2.335 2.267 2.202 2.140 2.019 2.020
1.963 +14 1.909 1.856 1.806 1.756 1.709 1.662 1.617 1.57" 1.531
1."90 + 111 1.450 1,"11 1.374 1.337 1.302 1.268 1.234 1.202 1.170
1.1"0 +14 1.110 1.081 1.053 1.026 9.991 +13 9.733 9.1183 9.2110 9.003
8.173 +13 8.550 8.333 8.121 7.916 7.716 7.522 7.333 7.1"9 6.970
6.796 +13 6.621 6."62 6.302 6.1"6 5.9911 5.8"6 5.703 5.563 5.426

1197.8 1199.8 1201.8 1203.8 1205.8 f207.8 1209.8 1211.8 1213.8 1215.8
1217.7 1219.7 1221.7 1223.7 1225.6 1227.6 1229.6 1231.5 1233.5 1235.4
1237.4 1239.3 12"1.3 1243.2 12"5.2 1247.1 12"9.0 1251.0 1252.9 1254.8
1256.7 1256.2 1259.8 1261.3 1262.8 1264.3 1265.8 1267.3 1268.8 1270.3
1271.8 1273.3 1274.8 1276.2 1277.7 1279.2 1280.7 1282.2 1283.7 1285.1
1286.6 1288.1 1289.6 1291.0 1292.5 1294.0 1295.5 1296.9 1298.11 1299.6
1301.3 1302.6 1304.2 1305.7 1307. I 1308.6 1310.0 1311.5 1312.9 1314 ...
1315.6 1317.3 131 B. 7 1320.2 1321.6 1323.0 132".5 1325.9 1327.3 1326.6

3.452 - 1 3.348 3.249 3.152 3.059 2.969 2.882 2.798 2.716 2.638
2.562 - 1 2."88 2."17 2.3"8 2.281 2.217 2.154 2.094 2.035 1.978
1.924 - 1 1.870 1.619 1.769 1.721 1.614 1.628 1.584 1.5"2 1.500
1.460 - 1 1.422 1.38" 1.3"8 1.313 1.219 1.2"5 1.213 1.182 1.151
1.122 - 1 1.093 1.065 1.038 1.011 9.858 - 2 9.609 9.366 9.131 8.901
8.618 - 2 8."62 8.251 8.0116 7.8"6 7.652 7."63 7.280 7. 101 6.927
6.758 - 2 6.593 6."33 6.276 6.124 5.976 5.832 5.692 5.556 5.423
5.293 - 2 5.167 5.0"11 ".9211 ".806
4.69~
... 583 4.1i15 ... 310 11.268

3.470 + 3 3.583 3.699 3.819 3.942 4.068 4.198 ... 331 ..... 68
4.609

... 754 + 3
".903 5.055 5.212 5.373 5.538 5.708 5.882 6.061 6.245

6.433 + 3 6.626 6.825 7.028 7.237 7.451 7.671 7.896 8.127
8.36"

8.607 + 3 8.651
9.101 9.357 9.619
9.888 1.016 + .. 1.045 1.0111
1.103

1.13" + .. 1.165 1.197 1.230
1.263 1.298 1.333
1.369 1.406 1 .......

1.483 + 4 1.522 1.563 1.605 1.647
1.691 1.736 1.782 1.828 1.676

1.926 1.976

+ "

2.028

2.080

2.13" 2.190

2.2116

2.30" 2.363

2."2"

2."86 + II
2.5"9 2.61" 2.661
2.7"9 2.619
2.890 2.963 3.037 3.113

21.52 21."6 21.41 21.35 21.30 21.24 21.19 21.13 21.08 21.03
20.97 20.92 20.86 20.81 20.76 20.70 20.65 20.60 20.55 20.49
20.4" 20.39 20.34 20.29 20.24 20.19 20.14 20.09 20.0" 19.99
19.9 .. 19.69 19.8" 19.79 19.75 19.10 19.65 19.60 19.56 19.51
19.47 19."2 19.38 19.33 19.29 19.24 19.20 19.16 19.11 19.07
19.03 18.99 18.9" 18.90 18.86 18.82 18.78 18.74 18.70 18.66
18.63 18.59 18.55 18.51 18.48 18 ..... 16."0 18.37 18.33 18.30
16.26 18.23 18.19 16.16 18.13 16.10 18.06 18.03 18.00 17 .97