zotero-db/storage/GUTCYNIK/.zotero-ft-cache

VOLUME
6
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COMMENTARY
VRIL TRANSDUCERS VRIL INTENSIFIERS VRIL RATE TUNERS
DISTRIBUTING SIGNAL WITH MEANING

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SECTION
1
COMMENTARY ·

VRIL COMPENDIUM VI

VRIL is primary. VRIL is sensate and insensate experience. Consciousness floods and interthreads the UDiverse. Not to transad in VRIL is not to be CODScious. Not to be empowered by VRIL is not to know 1rue experience. We know VRIL UDiverse through meanings. VRIL UDiverse is composed of meanings.
Meanings impact inertial space. Inertia space cavitates with degenerate patterns and by-products. By-products are degenemte responses of inertial space in VRIL projective impads. Inertial science studies VRIL ini1iated degenerate detritus.
We do not know VRIL UDiverse through examinations. We transact in VRIL mean-
ings. VRIL gives vision. VRIL transactivity is our access to VRIL living UDiverse. We access VRIL via material contacts.
Eidetic "leaks" made inter-dimensional terminals. Visceral responses are strong at material nodes because ofVRIL eidetic leakage. Charge (inertial detritus) forms spontaneously in specific materials because of eidetic inter- dimensional leakages.
Materials exhibit eidetic nodes in volumetric distribution. Touch contact with eidetic nodes yields spontaneous eidetic tamsaction in absence of effort. Visceral and eidetic nodes coincide. Ground VRIL saturates geometrically disposed systems. Ground VRIL transacts eidetic information.
Floreolar VRIL threads emanate ex nihilo. VRIL tloreolar threads project glorious and world permeating purities. Floreolar threads of VRIL fundamental space ue absolute. VRIL dendritic perfoliations form VRIL experiential crystallographic infrastructure.
: Apparent experience is VRIL projected. VRlL infrastructure is experiential struc. tore. Eidetic experience defines VRIL structure dimensions. VRIL structure contradicts appanmt world strw:ture. VRIL crystallography generates and sustains being. Meaningful message are its chief transactivities. Absolute VRIL nature is persona.
We must absorb its meaningful messages directly. VRIL apparent world is a horizontal stmtification. This VRIL Template is especially active in VRIL empirical operation of VRIL wileless arts.
Early empirical researchers confused
VRIL and inertial detritus. VRIL tDDverses lodestone crystal fiom south to north and continues in its tlueady path through space. Inertial polarimtions emerge from VRIL

lodestone mass and imptess pattems in impacted inertial space. "Fields of faKe" are VRIL impact patterns in inertial space. Inertial pleSSUl'e does not transad eidetically.
VRIL does effect viscem-eidetic tamsactions which may be sensed from VRIL south pole magnetic faces. Song and vocal utterances magnify this effect.
Material ~gements project non electro-detrital visceral energies (Galvani, Mesmer). Numerous MCODt successthl desips were varieties based on early concepts (Perrigo, Hendershot, Coler, Bbmllaatft).
We are to experience and not merely measul'e. VRIL fundamental axioms ofVRIL Science demand participatory experience in native VRIL phenomena. VRIL tran&activities are experiential. We must tl'aDsact with phenomena befont desiping technology. VRIL Science studies native phenomena.
VRIL Technology employs native phe-
nomena in VRIL design ofeidetic ttansadive
systems. Minerals, crystals, organic substances, and metals are needed for VRIL inten:eption of eidetic knowledge. Materials are VRIL detectors by which eidetic knowledge is gleaned amid VRIL ever-transactive VRIL UDiverse.
Materials which compose VRIL structure of telegraphic components focus and blend specific eidetic worlds. Meanings generate and sustain systems and component structlJle-integrity. VRIL is euhosted in and through specific designs. Design structmes are projected and sustained. Desipers ntceive envisioned nwelations. Desips exhibit quasi-intelligent behavior when made.
VRlL quality of transactions are savored by VRIL-sensitive designers with aims toward realizing perfection in system function. VRIL empirical desip and efficacious use of specific components was developed throughout telegraphic history. Components prove effective because offundamental VRIL conductivity.
HUD18D VRIL matched VR1L transactions are specific. Organismic requinmlen1S determine transactor design. Organismic transaction in VRIL systems requires special minerals and substances which soften auric inta:Wiation. Properly designed VRIL transactors enhance and engage human consciousness. Degree of eidetic communion is determined by tmnsactivity of minerals, crystals, metals, organic substances, material configuration, and materio-organismic ~tact.

Successful design of usable apparatus de-
pends totally upon user requirements and
limits. VRIL Technology is determined effort
to create humanly valuable VRIL Transactions. VRIL Teclmology bas as its goal VRlL magnification. VRIL experience must be magnified and projected in inertial space. VRIL experience is maximum human· experience. Eidetic experience is MVealed through material stmctures. VRIL identity and behavior ofmaterial designs suggests that special VRIL states exist.
Designs of specific form and function opemte within specific VRIL states and draw existence fiom those states. VRlL states encompass vast experiential spaces. We call vast experiential spaces Templates. VRIL Templates are independent, superimposed, and interactive. Template Structure repnt-
sents creative permutations. Each Template is a specific experiential state. Templates exist in a vast and complexly interwoven hierarchy.
VRIL eidetic worlds impad VRIL inertial space. VRIL Templates exist in noninertial spaces. Inertial space is not UDiversal. Inertial space is not ever-present. Inertial space exists in specific, limited, experiential concentmtions.
Sensate VRIL is ground densified and ground-configuRd. Insensate VRIL is spaceconfigured and space-densified. Sensate VRIL tlueadways, juncturas, and nodes exist as ground distributions. At this boundaly surJBce human society exists, experiencing self-surging, self-determined, and self-balancing eidetic transactions between space and ground.
Specific VRIL active devices enhost
specific VRIL Templates. We know of fundamental VRIL Templates from common observation of natural conditions. VR1L existence ofmatter and space is a fundamental Template. We infer VRIL existence ofmuch more fundamental Templates which are deeply inac:cessible to human apprehension. Templates mutually transmeld Foundational Templates permute and become VRIL Templates.
Each now permutation Template con-
tams ghostlike frames of all former VRIL
Templates. VRIL existence of matter and space contain mutually qualidial messages fiom ultimately more ancient Templates. In matter and space we detect pre-archaic
synaesthesic qualities. Fonn, beauty, intent,

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direction, proliferation, consciousness, un- into natum1 Template Systems were legend-

expected change, relationship: fundamental ary. Loomis projected aerial terminals and

qualities emerge among VRIL things which signalled telegraphically through VRIL dis-

are seen and known. 8-fold qualities hail tant ground. Stubblefield utilized VR1L self-

from a more fundamental Template which articulating VRIL threadways in VRIL

exceeds our grasp. One experiences their ground and exchanged vocal utterance with

ultimate purities in stages of VRIL eidetic clarity to great distance. Ruth Drown man-

communion.

aged exceptional shadowgraphs of inacces-

Eidetic experience of ancient universal sible anatomical views through self-articu-

past is densified in VRIL. ground. Common late ground activations.

experience is apparently mertialized and

Attentions focussed by and into a spe-

stratified. Stratified experience represents a cific VRIL Template may dominate om con-

distinct VRIL Template. Systems haphaz- sciousness for a time. Inter-relationihip

ardly have triggered specific Template ac- among VRIL Templates is difficult for us.

tivities among componentry. Tnmsactivities We are slow to manage inter-Template reso-

am ex1l'eme when condenser configurations nances. Sentient mastery enters fundamental

are deliberately ammged. Sentient agency Templates. Template cotTespondence (in-

and co-creative participations may trigger temctive resonance) fixes and clarifies VRIL

permutations in condenser arrangments. Per- Template crystallogmphy for VRIL opera-

mutations may be arranged and magnified tor.

by VRIL condensers.

Generative sustainer of eidetic worlds is

VRIL Alchymy releases sudden and to- VRIL. VRIL impacts inertia in highly

tal unexpected changes in worlds. Ammged brancated black glowing dendrites. VRIL is

permutations become Templates. Devices self-generating consciousness. VRIL is ev-

and designs draw smmgth of being from ery foundation ofexistence. VRIL underghds

parent Templates. Wireless was an event om experience. VRIL foundational deep-

triggered in VRIL permutations.

ness cannot be consciously reached. VRIL

Designers function as prophets and as generates and empowers ideas. VRIL sub-

active agents in VRIL Space. Designers may dues, dissolves, and dispels inertial space.

build what has been made possible by some VRIL ideas are pre-eminent in inertial space.

teeent permutational change. A. new Tem- VRIL ideations flood the universe. The VRIL

plate demands specific forms and functions. universe is a VRIL dendritic network of

VRIL archeforms manifest Template reso-. consciousness.

uance. Telegraphy used rectangular geom-

VRIL self-articulates. Humanly designed

etry. Wireless used triangular foiDlS. Geom- systems add artificial impulse to VRIL func-

etry informs of VRIL Template category. tions. Humanly designed systems assign ar-

Inventors and creative artists fulfill new tificial codes toward information transfer-

potentials. Cultural struggle over Template ence. Positional and temporal assignments

boundaries. Factions dehoerate over Tem- are fixed in code. Signals, print, and speech

plate emergence.

are coded transfem. Signals, print, and speech

VRIL operators enter each new Tem- effect changes in VRIL inertial sensory space.

plate and maintain progressive quest along Formative VRIL vowel uttemnces are fun-

mysterious VRIL themes. Designers struc- damental expressives.

ture condenser devices which trigger VRIL

Formative VRIL expressives modify

permutational change. Designs am received regions and districts. Insensate VRIL trans-

through revelatory visions and reveal VRIL actions occm during many specific material

mtent. Structured capacitor designs trigger transactions. Insensate transaction modifies

Template presence. Designs draw upon Tem- organismic participatory response. Insen-

plates for transactivities. Behavior of de- sate transaction occurs as mysterious forma-

vices is determined by VRIL Templates. tive sensory language. Participants receive

VRIL Templates may be catalogued.

deep formative VRIL penetrations.

Telegraphic and telephonic systems in-

Each VRIL thread contains formative

c:mredVRIL activepresence ofspecific VRIL information of every VRIL eidetic world.

Templates. VRIL Template Structure did VRIL self-articulates. Materials exluoit ei-

not require technological re-creations ofwhat detic nodes in volumetric distribution. Touch

already existed. Redundant enterprise builds contact with eidetic nodes yields spontane-

what exists in VRIL Templates. Aerial guide- ous eidetic transaction in absence of effort.

lines and buried cables were redundant. Visceral and eidetic nodes coincide in sensi-

Stubblefield proved this fact. VRIL Tem- tive materials. Ground VRIL saturates geo-

plate of horizontal stratification had already metrically disposed systems. Ground VRIL

densified VRIL self-articulate channeby in transacts eidetic information.

ground and space.

Ground is generated, sustained, and

Designers who successfully resonated structured on VRIL channels. VRIL chan-

nels density in deep VRIL ground. VRIL permeates projected space. Black radiant space is VRIL striated bundles in highest projectivity (potential). Eidetic transaction between communicants permits instantaneous knowledge of interpersonal qualities.
Eidetic teSOlution may be modified via appropriate tuning assemblages. Eidetic images are experiential. Eidetic images maintain self-articulated integrity. Eidetic images maintain resolution along VRIL threadways.
Space surrounding VRIL groUDd nodes is eidetically projected. Apparent world integrity depends on VRIL nodes. VRIL nodes suftbse and sustain vitality in void apparent world infta-structure.
VRIL revelations provide short-cuts through which we achieve futura1 science. VRIL eidetic messagings dinlct and re-structure human consciousness into its deepest potentials. VRIL eidetic consciousness breaks VRIL inertial bondage to VRIL 5-sensory degenerate perceptive mode.
FlomoJar dnads emanate ex nihilo. Projective tlomoJar VRIL threads emauate from exceedingly glorious and world permeating pmities. VRIL tloreolar threads of fundamental space are absolute and form the crystallographic infrastructure. VRU.. projects experience. VRU.. worlds supply meaning and quality to the void apparent world inftastructure. VRIL structure is experiential. VRIL crystallography generates and sustains our being. Meaningful message are projected into om world. We directly absorb VRIL meaningful messages.
Personal VRIL traDsactivity is eidetic. Space crystallography magnified in VRIL ground nodes. VRIL nodes project enthralling eidetic trausactivities. Projected VRIL worlds supply the apparent world. Eidetic transactivity is tnnscendent experience. Innennost desires seem reach satisfactory guidance in VRIL transactions. VRIL projects flooding and overwhelming relief. Permeatingjoyis projected from VRILnodes. Ground nodes dissolve inertial strains, tensions, and negativities which accompany organisms in inertial space. VRIL permeating presence of consciousness is the universal VRIL structure.
Technologically entuned VRIL nodes sustain clarity and power.
Inertial space distorts eidetic projective organization. Human experience of apparent reality ishighly distorted. VRIL groundnodes project clarity. Anomalous eidetic projections remove inertial space effects in districts. P~tual clarity frightens inertialized humanity. VRIL Science studies native phenomena which enable eidetic entunement and magnification.

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Sensate VRIL is ground-densified. Contact with ground nodes is contact with VRIL.
Fundamental black glowing tloreolar tlueads project SIIUctUred ground massives. VRIL ground is tloreolar thread convolution. VRIL ground is VRIL stratum. VRIL ground projects our being. Insensate dynamic transactions proceed in absence ofour direct knowledge. We must participate with VRIL eidetic projections. V~ meanings and messages ate the universal blood. We function as fully sentient beings in eidetic transactions.
VRIL generates and empowers ideas. VRIL subdues inertial spaA via eidetic projections. VRIL ideas pre-eminate inertial world. Because ofVRIL ideas we may actually proye VRIL living natunt ofVRIL universe. VRIL universe is a VRIL dendritic network of consciousness.
Innumerably endless worlds ate VRIL projected. We experience VRIL deepness in simultaneous awe and dread. VRIL deep experience is an ultimate confiontation of fearful aspect. VRIL deepest appearance is frightening and wondrous. The vibrant thready VRIL spark from which our very being is generated.
VRIL directs specific individuals to arrange condenser configurations through which it may permute. This participational experience is very deeply ~tional. Those who are transformed through VRIL interfusion surrender to its every inclination. VR1L is independent self-sufficiency. VRIL is VRIL living being. VRIL is the space persona.
Sustainedexperiential contactwith VRIL is posstble with special technological appliances. Leamed experiences ate permanent in VRIL organism. VRIL threadways mutually interact. VRIL nodes are present everywhere.
VRIL is organismically envisioned naturally and readily in VRIL nodes. VRIL sensitivity is the direct result of frequenting
Y.RlL nodes. Familiarity with VRIL allows
iDcreased VRIL sensitivity: a process of
. personal 1ransformation. VRIL transactivity is personal transmutation. VRIL draws hUID8D attentions mostpowerfully into its bnmcated threads. VRIL is the organic-ceystalline presence from which all reality is drawn. VRIL pappilate glowing black threads spread throughout projected worlds. VRIL ground nodes ate mind-ground nodes. VRIL ground nodes ate social centres. VRIL ground nodes modulate history and society dinctly. Proper activation and operation ofVRIL ground nodes raises consciousness. VRIL transactivities give experience of VR1L whole worlds. VRIL brancated tlueads transact VRIL enlivening power. VRIL transactivity gives

vision. VRIL transactivities entrain the VRIL sensory mode. Synaptic transaction gives VRIL communion. VRIL threads drive ganglial synapses. VRIL sensory mode is suppressed by inertial space. S-sensor obser-
vation is not experiential communion with
VRIL universe. S-sensor observation is d. formed and distorted VRIL experience. S-
s- sensor observation is inferior sensation.
sensor observation never pennits direct communion with VRIL projective species in VRIL experiential universe.
Excessive dependence on S-sensor observation generates VRIL alienation and nihilism of inatialistic science. S-sensor observation can only be proven through VRIL closure provided by inertially distorted space.
Inertial science studies, codifies, and descnbes inertial surfaces and topological dy-
uamic:s. Excessive involvement in VRIL de-
mands of inertialized apparent world distracts and delays development ofVRIL sensory mode.
VRIL meaning is the universe. VRIL gives meaning. VRIL meaning floods and suftbses VRIL universe. The universe is
VRIL projected. VRIL eidetic transaction is
communion. Inertial examination is mere observation.
VRIL is the universal medium. VRIL archeforms manifest geometric infrastructures in inertial detritus. Inertial detritus is studied by inertial mechanists. Floreolar threads dissolve detrital distnbution. VRIL ucheforms manifest in matter. v~ archeforms transcend skeletal outlines of inertial detritus. Minerals, crystal, organic substances, and metals ate projected
VRIL cascades in ~ inertial space.
VRIL is multidimensional transactivity. VRIL s1ructures ate located in natural settings. Bntuned VRIL nodes give experience of meta-dimensional relationship and multilocatioual aW'IU'elless.
~ traDsactive minerals and me1als interlink hUID8D organism with ground thread to give distant vision of geo-regions and eidetic worlds. VRIL naturally forms multiple associations and cohesions. VRIL gives inter- relational experiences of bilocation. Organismic approach in VRIL natural ground nodes projects tlickerings of eidetic worlds.
Viscero-eidetic transactions ate observed
spontaneously across groundworks. Bmncate threads may remain insensate. Interflowing brancate tlueads engage in mutual insensate-
sensate balance. VRIL interflowing brancate tlueads enlarge local vision against inertial space. Human IITIDgements of minerals and metals blend intertlowing braucate experi-
ential threads. VRIL transactivity occurs in
VRIL nodes. VRIL projects ~ineral, vegetable, and

animal forms. VRIL is simullaneously

crystallic and fluidic. VRIL appears in
tloreolar displays. Delicate VRIL threads

compose VRIL tissues of tlowen. VRIL

threads compose minerals and metal fili-

grees in rock. VRIL extends~ ganglia of

organismic integrity. ~ projects thready

plasmial resplendence of VRIL galaxies.

VRIL is fundamental universal experiential

form.

Older studies of Geomancy wem con-

cemed only with the VITAL BARTII. The

VRIL World of vibrant self-generating ac-

tivities was mapped with greatest preci-

sion among the geomanccn. Geomancy com-

prehended why lodes, metals veins, crystal

cavities, and organic substances were dis-

tnbuted as they wem.

G eo man c y

comprehended eidetically transactive

componentry of earth.

Involvement with living and active pres-

ence remains unappreciated by those who

seek INERTIAL MECHANISM in explaua-

tion of EIDBTIC EXPERIENCE. Between

the two extremes them can be no common

meeting. Inertial science is a specific branch

of VRIL Science. Inertial Science marks

dynamical behavior of inertial space before,

during. and after VRIL projected impacts.

~ Science coUates and notes signifi-

candy endless viscero-eidetic transactions.

Each transactivity otTers new experiences

and technological abilities. VRIL Science

recognizes viscero-eidetic transac:tivities

from inertio-detrital patterns caused by space-

cavitation.

~TRANSDUCERS
Human auric contacts are organismic signals; whether through touch (telegmphy) or speech (telephony). HUID8D auric contact is VRIL thread contact.
~ superior eidetic transaction among communicants through telephonic assemblies has its basis in auric transactions. Telephonic assemblies organismically VRIL connect. Telephonic configurations transact exceptional VRIL eidetic experiences.
VRIL organismic conductions of VRIL threads generate, enliven, and sustain beings. Organismically conductedVRIL threads project from VRIL body as thready striations and tufts against ~ inertial space. VRIL spreads out feathery aura threads in sequence upon carbon. VRIL auras become tloreolar in carbon. VRIL tlueads do intensify .at spe-
cific nodes along carbon surface when ground contact is provided. Eidetic contact l1X(UiRs VRIL node contact in matter. Eidetic communications requjre ~ node ground contact.
VRIL thread body projections are tufted

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and striated. Auric interactions and interblendings may be detected among sentient beings and objects. Organismic VRn. aurae in proximity with specific material
configurations are powerfully drawn .into
systems.
System-condud'ed VRIL threads merge with applied aurae to provide viscero-eidetic
transactions among communicants. Numerous viscero-eidetic experiences are constantly transacting among participants. Old telephonic systems provided direct experience of eidetic ·worlds. Direct eidetic contact among communicants is received through
ground and aerial VRIL nodes.
Varieties of transactive components appeared during telegraphic and telephonic development. These components became primaly tools ofradionists. Various stages of developing Wileless implemented each previous technological development as componentry. Energetic interactions occur
between VRIL and electro-inertial intenup-
tions. Comprehending VR.IL separate func-
tion ofeach component is humanly valuable. We find chokes tunable coils resistors tunable (c&Ibon) resistors rheostats resistance coils chemo-electric batteries branches groundplates and wire conduction paths. Cin:uit elements are not primary electrical
components. VRIL transactivity engages whole aggregates. VRIL transactive systems
exhibit viscero-eidetic abenat:ions not explained through inertial science.
Telegmphic and telephonic systems were designed from visions and built through empirical means. Patented components worlced.
System designers assumed that every empirical feature was serving obscure "electrical" functions. Erroneous empirical reductions became dogmatically fixed as "electrical law". It became impossible for researchers to dissociate artificial effects from
VRIL activities. Empiricists employed VRIL Vision in order to discem VRn. activities
functions and potentials of every (supposed ~lectric) artifice.
VRIL instantaneous presence responds
to VRIL-organic stimulations. Telephonic
devices are VRIL permeable. All matter projects VRIL eidetic consciousness. Each
metal, mineral, crystal, and organic substance projects VRIL consciousness in viscero-eidetic transactivities.
Viscero-eidetic intelligence is modified in transactive devices. Transactive devices enjoin eidetic projections of matter toward
specific transactions. VRIL Science studies transactions ofmaterial configurations. VRIL generates, projects, infuses, and sustains all materials. VRIL minerals, crystals, organic

materials, massives, and metals are gener-

ated in situ. VRIL generated material has

specific context in situ. Novel VRn. transac-

tions released when VRIL active minerals

and metals are removed from sites of genera-

tion.

Study ofmaterial transactors gives abil-

ity in altering inertial space. Study of mate-

rial transactors gives ability in altering expe-

rience.

Viscera-eidetic intelligence is transacted

through wire lines. VRIL transactions occur

through articulate conduction. VRIL trans-

actions do not require artificial impulse or

code. Telegraphic and telephonic systems do

not 1ransaet intelligence through inertio-de-

trital undulations. Intelligence is transacted

through articulate VRIL conduction patterns.

Empathic emanation may be absorbed

and recovered through exce«tingly simple

apparatus. Empathic emanations can be trans-

mitted over conductive lines. Discoveries of

viscero-eidetic transaction in natural and

human-made media are extant.

Ganglial conduction of special VRIL

tranchman during a thunderstorm. Galvani

distinguished between both VRIL viscero-

tonic energies and life-killing detrital by-

products.

Inertial shocks were engaged in various

experiments with human participants (Salva,

von Guericke, S.Grey, Franklin). Partici-

pants became ill from these detrital species.

Voltaic shocks could kill.

Electro-inertial shocks correlate enlarged

organismic VRIL conductivities.

En -

larged VRIL conductivities suddenly con-

verge into ganglial ground nodes to preserve

organismiC integrity. Electm-inertial shocks

provoked extraordinary primary vocal utter-

ances (names of the Divine). VRIL intelli-

gence manifested as response outcries to

deep danger.

VRIL is space permeating energy. Baron

Karl von Reichenbach demonstrated the abil-

ity of sensitives in darkrooms to viscerally

discern differences between distant polari-

ties of magnetism, crystallic fo1m, lunar and

solar lights through wires, threads, chains,

and across space.

Intra-Ganglial audition (physiophony)

is hearing through VRIL nerves directly.

Demonstrations of physiophony were made

by several empirical researchers (Meucci,

Gray threads). Physiophony clarified divi-

sion between two sense worlds. Dual organ-

ismic sensory systems are mutually exclu-

sive. Inertial sense is 5-sensor surficial ob-

servation. 5-sensor surficial observation

founds Inertial Science. VRIL sensory sys-

tem is primary participatory sensation. VRIL

sensory system is experiential. VRIL sen-

sory experience is communion with items

examined. In 1847, Antonio Meucci discovered
that high voltage electrical conductors could be used to transmit audible sounds._without microphones or diaphragms! His transmitter and receiving apparatus consisted ofnothing more than 2 copper tongue-depressors, an electrical shock-coil, rheostat, and ground plates.
This arrangement was charged to a moderate potential through a rheostat. Copper tongue depressors were held in the mouth directly. It was possible to clearly '"hear" and "sp]Electm-inertial shocks correlate enlarged organismic VRIL conductivities. Enlarged VRIL conductivities suddenly converge into ganglial ground nodes to preserve organismic integrity. Electro-inertial shocks provoked extraordinary primary vocal utterances (names of the Divine). VRIL intelligence manifested as response outcries to deep danger.
VRlL is space permeating energy. Baron Karl von Reichenbach demonstrated the ability of sensitives in darkrooms to viscerally discern differences between distant polarities ofmagnetism, crystallic form, lunar and solar lights through wires, threads, chains, and across space.
Intra-Ganglial audition (physiophony) is hearing through ~ nerves directly. Demonstrations of physiophony were made by several empirical resean:hers (Meucci, Gray tlueads). Physiophony clarified division between two sense worlds. Dual organismic sensory systems are mutually exclusive. Inertial sense is 5-sensor surficial observation. 5-sensor surficial observation
founds Inertial Science. VRIL sensory system is primary participatory sensation. VRIL sensory system is experiential. VRIL sensory experience is communion with items
examined. In 1847, Antonio Meucci discovered
that high voltage electrical conductors could be used to transmit audible sounds.••without microphones or diaphragms! His transmitter and receiving apparatus consisted ofnothing more than 2 copper tongue-depressors, an electrical shock-coil, rheostat, and ground plates.
This arrangement was charged to a moderate potential through a rheostat. Copper tongue depressors were held in the mouth directly. It was possible to clearly '"hear" and "speak" across 80 feet of wire without formal acoustic transmiU:ers and receivers.
Meucci discovemd physiophony. This great discovery paved the way toward telemopathic transmission systems. It is the very first electrically activated viscero-eidetic transactor of its kind. It was possible to clearly '"hear" and "speak" across 80 feet of

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wire with this neum-ganglial activator. Means in wbic:h nerves directly "speak" and "hear" is not so easily explained. Meucci's first system of telephony was physiophonic. Meucci's later experiments in acoustic telephony predates Bell. His prior caveat (1871) to physiophony and acoustic telephony made him an early victim of corporate-suppression.
Elisha Gray iDdependently re-discovered the physiophony of Antonio Meucci. Gray developed a form of telephony which U1ilizednerve induction. Patents which bridge
VRIL gap between telegmph sounders and telephones are notable VRIL eidetic 1ranSactors. Telegraphy uses iDstantaneous impulses
of complex waveforms. Gray experimented with magneto-acoustic tone generators. and telegraphic lines. Gray demon~ that end-grouoded lines could sustain and transmit pure tones.
Tlming forlc vibrators are rich harmonic soun:es. Minute blasts of compressed air physicallyvtbratespecific tuning forb. These generated thrilling tonalities. Magneto-electric tone generators were later employed by organ manufacturers (Hammond, Lowrey, Wurlitzer). Classic Abrams visceral responses to radiant stimulation is observed dming tone-generator organ performances.
Tone-generators stimulate VRIL nodes directly. Intelligent messages of ground itself are absorbed, transmitted, and completely recovered by distant recipients through the VRIL ground threadways (Dalessio, Vassilatos). American Indians pmcticed these arts with regularity.
VRIL tnmsactivities enabled some resean:hers to entmie specific distal locales in viscera-eidetic parameters (Rogers, Moray, MacCullough). One such listening device entuned specific nodes to receive clear intonations of audible speech. This device never tuned into a audibly vacant settings. The device entuned only speech activated VRIL n~ Speech activates VRIL nodes. Ttadition teaches that grounds respond to organismic outcries and prayertbl requests. Ancient · people knew that megaliths were special VRIL nodes. Careful intonations were made in this vicinities.
Gray proved that generated tones could be ttansmiUed over end-grouoded lines with great clarity. This should not be electmdynamically possible.
Physiophony is nerve-audition without
the ears. Physiophony demonstrates sensory
division. Duality ofsense mechanisms manifest differences between acoustic and gangliar audition. Deeply permeating experiential components enrich acoustic tones.
Gray discovered the organismic fiictive effect embodied in the tadionic robbing plate

capacitor. Patent designs show tonal reception through fiictive contact with metallic diaphragms. Radionic robbing plates are vi~idetic capacitors (Hieronymus).
Gray re-discovered and demonstrated direct nervework transaction of tones (Meucci). Physiophonic music reception is startling and ~tally enveloping". This system of telephonic communication is better than VRIL acoustic ones we use at present. Other raaarkable tnmsmitters allowed deaf persons to hear music. Requirements for activations included intact auditory nerves. VRIL foundational systems may not require intact physiological apparatus.
Human expression may be sent along wires and through space. Dr. Abrams demonstrated visceral transmissions of emotions and thought-forms between persons through wires. VRIL holistic transmission ofthought and eidetic transaction has been demonstrated. VRIL tele-1DDSmission of emotions, mental pictures, and thoughts were investigated by others (Abrams, Tesla, Drown, Vogel).
Elisha Gray recognized that visceral transactions to electro-acoustic components are permeated with deep and fundamental experiential components.
Telephone diaphragms exceed VRIL activity of telegraph sounders as VRIL eidetic ti'BDSadors. Code (speech) and meaning are conjugate but not identical.
Placement of metal resonators over vertical coils immensely increases VR.IL eidetic transactions. Transactive bells were replaced by thin metal membranes to make
telephonic transmitters. van. transactive
bells of telegmphic and telephonic sounders are extremely potent viscera-eidetic projector.
Tones are easily transacted through single lines with great clarity (Meucci, Gray, Reis). This poSSibility should not bean easy feat to accomplish according to certain electrodynamic nodes of view. Tones require sustained periods of total line conduction. Telephone lines are end-grounded. A sizeable "charge-mmsfcr' is required by electrical telephony. Ground plates should disperse problematic electro-detrital volumes during system holD'S of use. It is clear that some VRIL influence bad manifested its p:resence in old telegraph lines.
Physiophonic instruments enabled deaf persons to relearn normal modes of speech. Later researchers had been challenged by independent observations and discoveries to investigate similar possibilities for vision
and thought itself (fesla, Drown). Subsequent experiments proved that re-
markable kinds of seosation may be transmitted through appropriate mate,rials

(A.Meucci, E.Gray, G.S.Wbite, A.Abrams, T.G.Hieronymus, W.Reich and many others). Hieronymus proved that VRIL "chlorophyll energy" in sunlight (a VRIL ttansaction) could be successfully conducted in blackrooms to make plants thrive.
Propessive discovery allowed recognition of native phenomena in which eidetic transactions superseded visceml1l'ansactions. System transaction of eidetic projections became a subject of intense study dming the early 20th Century.
Dr.Drown discovered that it was posstble to recover eidetic imagery fiom distant
VRIL nodes over a single wire. Single guidewire imaging systems were entuned by stepped rheostatic switches. These were arIBDged with a caesium phototube and photographically sensitive paper. Bx1raordinary eidetic views included anatomical interiors of patients.
Telephonic system designs are VRIL activated radionic circuits. Telephonic trans-
mitters transduce great eidetic potential across great distances. VRIL duplex and multiplex cimlits function in radionic modes. VRIL supplies cimli1ry with integrated form and function. VRIL components and systems are holistic designs. VRIL designs are aggregates and cavities of eidetic transactivity 0
VRIL telegraphic components empirically developed in tadionic potentials. Btectrical action were reduudantly impressed upon these primary VRIL structmes. Btectrical functioning required VRIL tnmsaGtivity. Electrical functioning responded to VRIL articulations. Electricity is detrital and subordinate to VRIL.
Patents ofT.A.Edison show implementations of "tunable resistance". We do not know whether be discovered rheostatic ground-tuning orwhether he healdrumors of such tuning effects through telegraphic associations in his younger years. Edison was notorious for patenting what others had discovered. Clarity of transferred code was enhanced through rheostatic entunement. Code signal and strength varied in VRIL "quality of grouud". Edison components made entunement of VRIL telegraphic systems poSSible. Quality of ground was not
important to VRIL functioning. VRIL node emplacement is important to VRIL system
functioning. Telegraphic systems are large and pow-
erful tadionic tuners. &aminations of telegraph and telephone patents descnbe multiple-entuned groundconnections. Patentportrayed tuning assemblies are radionic in form and function. Telegraphy and telephony are
tadionic systems. Telegraphy and telephony rely upon radionic principles for their entire

s

A

'The Paris jou ruals report that l\l. 1\Ia iche, a wr11-

c..

known inventor, has made a sensational di:scovery in

the field of wireless telephon~v. His new appan1tu~

consists of two posts \Vhieh are plared in his pr~tn-

.

ises. Each post r.onsist s of a telephone, battery. :1 -

"

· SfJeciul forn1 of incl uetion (·oil n1111 a frn n1e wh kh is

forn1et1 of a series of insulated wires. One post is

placed in the garden and a secon(l one in a room in

the building son1e distanee off, about 100 feet. and sev-

rr.ll walls. cloors. anfl winnows emne bet\\'(_•en tlH.· po~;;ts.

Conversation ran he ran·ied on t}asil~·. anrl the sonnc.l

is clear. 'The inventor srarted five ~·cnrs ::t~o to \Vork

on the question. At the chateau of :\l<.llTlt~ds. J,eJone:-

ing to the Princ:e of :\Ionaco. he tna<le experinH~nt~

tlsing thp earth ns a condnf'tor, at~d thrse were Sll(~­

eessful at a dh;ta nee of two rn i1 rs. On r ~·p:Jr n rt f>l'-

W8rc1 he \vas :tble to contn1nnir.a1e het\\'een Toulon nntl

Ajnrcio in Corsica. OYer the !::'ea (\t 1so n1iles dh;t:ln(·P.

using the sea as a con(lnc·tor for the W3\'(lS. Tllesr~

experin1ents were kept. seeret. howr\'el'. As fliP n•·W

ap1)aratus works ~without the nsP of g-!·onnd, the rP~u11~

fl r e more i n1 port an t . He (l xpe(· f s to i nf' re:1 se t h P d i ~­

lance indefinitely hy gi'.'in.~ 1norP J'O\Ver to th" ;qlpa-

ratns. which is onl~' in its first st~lg-Ps. Snhn1nrine

boats ronhl use the system to ~ood atlY:lnt:l:!,"P.

. ' ,.

SCIENCE ABSTRACTS.

, 460. "Antenna" £n TVireless Telegraphy. A. Blonde!. (Eel.

Electr. 16. p. 316 and p. 3 I 8, 1 8g8.) The author thinks the action ·

of these depends on their capacity as forming a1ong with the earth

a condenser, the seat of an oscillating discharge at the moment 1

":-. : 41

when the primary circuit is broken; and the receiving antennce •.. -

become the seat of a displacement current which acts on the · ..
coherer. A. Broca CEcl. Electr. 16. p. 3 r8) notes that the flux of · / ·
c:nt!"gy (analogous to that in pob.riscd light) passes thro~gh zero ' :- ~--'

values, and that it is also along the: wire a:1d is indetc:-minate in

direction at the end of the v;ires in a plane normal to the axis of

the antenna:: so that it is concentrated on a particular plane instead of being sent in all directions. The fact that it is ' ' ',.or

.. polarised tends towards nu11 values as we lea\'e this plane.
\. ~.: fl···

../·· ~r'

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,

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.

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SECTION
3
DOUBLE GROUND

(No Hodel.)
No. 593,138.

N. TESLA.
ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER.

2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

Patented Nov. 2, 1897.

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WITNESSES

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G~!3.9Y'~.

IN YEN TOR
~d~

8T
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ATTORII£1

. '· .~
(No Model.)
No. 593,138.

N. TESLA.
ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER.

•
2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented Nov. 2, 1897.

'.1: '

)

WITNESSES
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G~13.<JY~.

INVENTOR
0d&~a-Cl~
l~.p{k,ZZ? ~
ATTORN!YS

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

NIKOLA TESLA, OF NEW YORK, N. Y. ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER.

SPECD'IOA.TION £arming part of Letten Patent No. 503,138, dateq November 2, 1807.
!pplicationlled Marc'h 20, 1897. !trial Ro. 621',4.53. <lfo model.)

To all whom, it may concern.:

proxlmntoly one·qlln1·tor oC tho ''"n\·e longth

Bo .it known thn.t I, NIKOLA TESLA, a citi- or the electrical dist.m·bnne~ in the circuit in-

' .·~

1.Cn of the United Stales, rcsiuing at New cluding the scconunry coil, based on the vc- 55

s York, in the county nn<l State of New York, locity of propagation of electrical disturb-
~mvo lnYent~d certain now nnd useful Im- nncos through such circuit, or, in gen~rn.l, of

provements in ~lectl'icnl Tl'ansformers, of such length that tho potentinl at the terminal

which the followmg is n speciticnt.ion, l'efer- of tho secondary which is the moro romoto

ence being had to tho dra,•ings accompany- from tho primary shnll be at its mn.ximnm. 6o

in~ n.nd form in~ n pnrt or tho snmo.

In using thNie coils I connect one cull or tho

ao 'fho present application is bnsed upon nn secondary, or thnt in proximity to the pri-

appnrntus which 1have Hovi~ed and employed mary, to earth, and in order to moro effectua11y

fot· tho plll'pose of developing electrical cur- provide against injury to persons or to the

rents of hig-h potcntinl, which trnnsformcrs nppnrntus I nl~o connect it with tho primary. 65

or jnduction-coils constntctcd on tho princi- In the nccompnnyin~drawings, Figure lisa

ples heretofore followed in the manufacture diagrnm illustrating tho plan of winding and

of such in~truments are wholly incapable of connection which I employ in constructing

producing ot· prncticnlly utilizing, nt lenst my iinpro,·ed coils and tho mnnner of using

without serious liability of tllo destruction of them for the t.rnnsmission of energy oYer long 7·'l

tho appam.tus itself nn<l un.nger to persons U.istancc~. Fig; ~is a side eleYR.tion, nnd Fi~.

~---~iMil• po approaching or handling it..

3 n side elevation nntl part section, of modi-

'l'ho improvement invoh•os a novel form of fied form~ of induction-coil mnde in nccoru-

tl'ansformcr or Induction-coil nnd a S\'Stcm n.nco with my in ven Lion.
for the transmissioh of electrical ene1:~y by A designates a c01·e, 'vhich may bo magnetic 7s

•s moans of the samo in which tlte energy 0f tht' whon so desired. · .
sonrce is raised to n. much higher potential n is the seconuary coil, wounu upon said

~

for trnmunission over tho line than lm~ ever core in generally spiral form. been practically employed heretofore, nnd the C is the primn.ry, which is wound around

. -, nppnratus is constructed with reference to the in proximit.y to t.he sec9ndary. One terminal Jo

production of such n potential and so as to of tho latter will be at the center of thA spiral

:0 be not only ft·ee !rom the uanger of injury coil, nnd from this t.he current is taken to

from the destruction of insulation, but safe line or for other purpose~. The other termi-

to handle. To this end I construct an induc- nal of the secondarv is connected to earth

tion-coil or transformer in which the primary '\nd preferably also. to the primary.

Bs

nnd secondary coils are wound or arranged 'Vhen two coils·are used in l\ tt·ansmission

JS h~ .neh mnnner thnt tile convolutions of ~he svstem iu which the currents are raised to a

cond\tctorofthelatterwill be fnrtherromoved high paten tia.l and then reconverted to a lower

from the primary ns tho liability of injury potenti~tl, the receh•ing-trnnsformer will be

from tho effects of potential incronscs, tllo ·constructed and connected in tho so.mo man· 90

terminal or point of highest potential being nor ns the first-that is to say, the inner or cen-

.to the mo~t remote, and so that between adja- ter enu of whn.t corresponds to the secondary

cent convolu Lions there shall be t.he least pos- of the first will be connected to line and the

sible difference of potential.

other end to earth and to the local r.ircuit or

The type of coil in ""1lich the last-named that which corresponds to the primary of the 95

feo.turcs are present is tho flat spiral, and this first. In such case also the line-wire should
4! fJrm I generally employ, winuing the primary be supported in such mAnner as to avoid los~

on tho outs:rle of the socondnry and taking by the current jumping from lin" to object.a

ofi tho current !rom the lll.tter at the center in its vicinity p.ud in contact with earth-n!,
or inner end ot the spiral. I may depart from for example, by means of long insulato~, too

or VR.ry this form, however, tn the particulars mounted, pre.terabiy, on Tl.letal poles, !O that

heretna!ter !peolfied.

in case of leak3ge from the line it will pa.~ .

In ocnatrnetlng my improved transformers b,armle!sly to en.rth. In Fig. 1, where such

I employ P. length of secondAry..which is ap- a syetem is illustrated, a dynamo G is con-

. I
IS0~,138

veniently roprcsenteu ns supplying the pri- As the secondary is electl'icnlly connected

mary Qf the sending o1· "step-up" trans- with the primary the latter will be at sulJ-

former, anl\ lamps II and motors K nrc shO\vn stantla.lly the same potential as the adjhcont

s as connected 'with the co1•rcsponding circuit portions of the secondary, so that there will 55 of the receivin=? or" step-down" transformer. be no tendency for sparks to jnrup from one

Instead of wtndiug the coils in the form of to the other and destroy the insulation.

a fiat spiral the secondary may be '"ountl on ::Moreover, n.s both primary and secondary are a suppor~ in the shape of a frustum of a cone grounded and the line-terminal of the coil and the primary wound a·round its base, as carried and protected to a point. remote from 6o

'"1: I

10 shown in Fig. 2.

the apparatus the danger of a discharge

In practice Cor apparatus designed for or- through the body of a person handlins or ap-

dinary usage the coil is pt·C~fernbly constructed p1·oaching the Rppnratns is rcduct:d to a 1nini· /

on the plan illu~tra.ted in :Fig. 3. In this fig- ruum.

ure L L are spools of insulating material upon I am aware that an induction-coil in the 65

which t.he secondary i~ wound-lnlhe pl'Nient form of n ilat spiral is not in itself new, nnu

case, however, in two ~cctions, so n.s ~o con- this I do not claim; but

stitnte really two secondnl'ies. The pdmary 'Vhat I claim as my in\·ention is-

Cis a spirally-wound flat· strip· Murrounding 1. A transformet• for developing Ol"convert-

both secondaries ll.

j ing current~ of high potential, comprisin~ a 70

:zo The inner terminals of the secondaries are primary and secondary coil, one terminal- of

led out through tubes of insulating mate1·ial the :ier.ondnry being electrically connected

M, while tho other o1• outside terminals a1·c with the primary; and with earth when the

n connected with tho primary.

transformer is )n use, ns set forth.

1.,he length of the secondary coil or of 2. A transformer fordevelopingorconvert· 75 )

each secondary coil when t.wo are used, as iu ing cu1·rents of high potential, comprisin~ a

Fig. 3, is, ns befo1·e stated, approximately one- primary and secondary wound in the form of

quarter of the wave length of the electrical a flat spiral, the end of the secondary ndja-

clisturban~e in the secondary circuit, .based cent to the primary being electrically con-

on the velocity of propn~ation of the ~lee- nected therewit.h and with earth when the So

30 trical disturbance through the coil itself and transfor~et· is in use, RS set forth.

.

the circuit with which it is designed to be 3. A transformer fo1· developing or con \"Cr~­

usoti-that is to sny, if tlie rate at which a· ing currents of high potential comprising a

current traverses the circuit, including the primary and secondary wound in the form of

coil, be one huudreu nnd eighty'·ftYe thousauu s ~pi•·nl, Lhe secon<ln.a·y b9ing insiJc or, anu 85

35 miles per second, then a frequency of nine sarronnded by, tho con\·olutions of the pri-

hnndred and twenty-five per· second would mary nnd haviu~ its n<ljacent terminal elcc·

maintain nine hundred and t\venty-five sta· trically connected therewith and with earth

tionary waves iu a circuit one hundred and when the transforme1· is in use, as set forth.

eighty-five thousand miles long, and each 4. In a~ystem for the con\"el-sion nnd trans· 90

40 wave len~tth :would be two hundred miles in mission of electrical energy, the combinaLion

len~th. lt.,or such a frequency I should use a of two transformer.:~, one fot· raising, tho other

Seccn~B.ry tifty miles in lealgth, SO that at one for lowerin~, the notcnlial of tllc C\1 rrcnts,

term anal the 11otent.ial would be zero and at the said transformers having one terminal of

tl1e other caximuu1.

tho longer or fine-wire coil:i conne:cte\1 to line, 95

45 Coils of thechnracterhereindescribetl ha\·e and the other terminals aujaccnt to the

to several important advantages. As the po- shorter coil~ electrically conne<~led therewith
tential increases with the number of tUl'l)~ anti the earth, as set forth.

the difference of potential betwoon adjacent

NIKOLA TESI..A.

turns iscomparath·elysmall, anti hence a vory \Vilne!!ses:

so hi~h potentii\1, impracticable with ordinary

M. JJ.~ wsoN DYER,

coils, mny be successfully rnaint.ainetl.

G. \V. }1.\RTLING.

"' \\,\

'H

',,

, ' \

' "

....

No. 685,953.

N. TESLA.

Patented Nov. 5, 1901. i

METHOD OF IHTENSIFYIHG AND UTILIZING EFFECTS TRANSMITTED THROUGH

tiATURAL MEDIA.

(~o lhdol.)

®

@
}·iiltlc55 c5/
-·21 r ./.. . ,. 1.;, ,\_,:.,.~.
/;~.' (!.;/~~ I

UNITED STATES pATEN~f 0FF'ICE..

N!I{OLA TESLA, OF NEW YORK, N. Y. METHOD Of INTENSIFYING AND UTILIZING EFFECTS TRANSMITTED THROUGH NATURAL MEDiA.

SP:EOIFICATlON forming }'art of Lottera Pat~nt Iio. 0815,903, dAhd l'loveml:-er 0, 1901. Anilcat!oll altd lu:::t !U, 1899. Bouvod Kay ~9, 1001. Ba:-ia\ Iio. 6:1,'31~. U'lo t::lode}.)

T.o all wlwrn•. it n1..ay aJn~rn:

to the trao3mitticg appal'lltus, which often

De it known that I, ~;IKQLA TE!:lLA, a citizen imposes gro~L dian.d vant.a~es upon the ose of

of th3 United States, re5iding n.t Ne\7 York, the npparatas.

55

s in ~.he connty·and Stnto o! New York, luwe In several applic~tions filed by me uou put· inY0ctod a new and nse(ul Improvement in outs ~rantt'd to rno 1 havo disclosed other

Method~ of ic tann!fyiog and Utili:in~ Et!ects mat hods of nccom r>Hehi n~ reanlta of thia na·

'I'raue:nittod Tllrough t.be Natnral Medin. o! turc, which may·bo bl'iofly d~.scribec.l ns fol-

~hich t-he fvllowicg is ·a ttpecificJ\tion, refer- Jo,va: In one B}'.'item tho potnntinl of n polnt 6o

enca b(\ing hnu to Lh·9 accorn!Janying draw. or re~ion of tha e;HLh i:J varied by irnpa.rt.ing

:to ingu, which form a part of tho anme.

to it 'intermitten~ or alt-ernntin~ eloet.;-i:.l•:;;~~

Tha subject c! my prc~ent irn·<.mtion is au 1t~onll throngh one ot tho terminal.~J of a suit·

improvement in th9 al't o( utilizing eiTeets r ab1e aourco of electrical disturbance3 whi.-:11,

tr3.nsrnitted from a di6tJ.mco to n recei vi!lg to height-an the eEact., hn!! its other terminal 65

cavicGthrough t,hcnatuial rr:~d!e.; and itcon· concocted to an in11ulr~tad bcdy, profer<\lliy

15 sbts iu n no·r'ei met.hotl by me~.. nn o{ which of l:\rge aur!ace nnd at an e-li3vation. The

reenH3 ~itbertc unJ.tta.inabla m:-.v bQ secnreu. olcctdiicatiooa commuui::!l\.tcd to tho enrth t~Gi"':..'r~l w:1ys or wclhot!3 of trau:imlttin;:: spread !u nl! dil·~:ction:1 thrcui~ll tho snn~e,

ele;.~t:Ical disturbancea through ths nnturnl reachlug a dist.nnt. ci1·euic which g~nora~ly 70

rnt··di~ nod ntilizing them to openus distant h:1.s its torminal~ r.rrnngetl anu con.uccDd

:ao rec2iver3 are new Ic.nown and bnve been ap- ~imilndy to tho2e o~ the t.rJ\n3mittin~~ ocu:r.o

piicd ·.v;.~h mora or loss suece!3a !ornccompli!!b- ntH.l operates upon a highly-sew;iti ve rocei v•Jr.

ing n Yiu·iety ol usofnl results. One o! these Another metb.--;J i9 ba,sed cpon tiH~ r~~cr. that

wnya ~onai~t=' :n producing by n enit.~ule ap· the ntmo3phoric nil" whi<.!!l b~imi;o3 as 1a.n ~~.A~ 75

p:ua.ta3 r:'l.ys or r~.d~atione.-tU1\t iG, disturb· eell~:~nt in~il!ltltor to ctHrents ~anomt~.l by fJr·

~.s anc~s-wnich aro p:-op.ngatcd io stm(ght lines ditV\&,Y appl!rr.'.ua GcCOffi(:3 a oonductOi." ~nder

through apace·, dircctin;rthem upon a :-ecch·- tho in tluonco of cu rrcnts O\" impn13es 0f cn0:·

ing or r~cording app:Hatua at a diat~nce, :~nd lnl}i1Bly-hi~h •.3h'lct.ro:no·ti ••o fore~ which I haYo

thereuy bringing the lattorinto action. 'fhi3 dovi3ct! mean3 for geuernting. fly such 8.~

mathcd is tho old~st nud boat !cr,owu and ht\3 monnn air Gtrata, which :lre el\siiy ace,}s:Ji blo,

JC been broughe pnrticnbrly Into p;oo..:c!noncs E\rO :en<lorod nvni!a.blo fer tho proJn,:!tion ot

in r~cent .vears ~llrOil~b the in'le3tigations of many <le-2irod offac~tJ n.t di~t.JlnCt'3, h(;WaY")~·

Hein;!ch liert?.. An::>t.he:- method c·.H~sists in great. 'fhit3 :nothot.l, furti1crrnoro, allows ad-

pnssi;:3' r~ curr~n~ through n circui~, pra~Cl'· 1tanf,ago to be .tak.on of m:l:-Y .o,f ~}:AJ~c im· 1?.5

nbiJ o,Jr! i!lC!G~m~ d. va-:y l!\rg'3 ara;1, :ndue!:-.l~ pro;·o::J0:lt."l wluch a~a pr:\I:!'~H!a~;.'; ;n ~!1:} ,;....

35 t~cr.)by iu f\ siLiila;.- circ!llL ~iLt:at;Jd c.!: t• di~· dion..:-.J' sj·at::Hn:l o{ tian:Hnissioa !:lVdlvi,;;; ~~or!

t:!nca nr.ot::1~1· cur:~nt :?.flU a:!c:lticg by tho ns3 ot :\metallic con<luctor.

t:!:Hno La any conYonie~'lt wi\y a rec~;i·;ing d>3·

uo Otwbus~r whatever method

ompl•.)ye1:

vica. S~.ill nnolhor o;v:\y: which hr..n !\iso beoo it ts dc3;r:-?.ul() U~nt. tho di!:l~Urbancc~ {JrGdllet::d :)o

I koo;vn ~-J:- many years, is to p:le!J in any suit· by t!:c transmitting apr;ara~i·~ Bhon!u l.;o as
40 nblo t~!l.!lUiH" n cnrren~ thmngll a pcrtiou of pow,Jr[:ll M pos3iulo, and by tho ua:J of <:31'·

tho .'~r 'l':lr.d, a!l by ccnnecting to two point.:; t.1ia forrnJ o( h!gh·!ruquoucyap;mr:>.tU.:J whieh
oC :l..le s.-:u.,e, nrl."fer~'.Jh- :.!t a co:Jsidc:\\bl0 dis- I I l.:un-o da\·i~cd a~:d which nrc no·~" well unown
l<l.nce !rom e:lch othot·,..!.ha two t~r:nim\i!J ol n imnot·llnt Dr:!c!.;l.!al r.d vauta~1~3 r-.ro in tbi:J r<3· ()3

J~ne:nt.(;r ar:d to eoergt:• ~~ bv a oart of the .;.:nr-

sno' ct

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mc.st

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•5 =-·~n~ ct:un~~d throu;;:1 thac~\rtha dl:Jt:t.nt cir· c~!:ls the l\mouot o! ·~nar~!:t" coilvn.rcu ~o iho

cait waic!.l :s :simil1\riy :H·r~r.ge<.l at1d g::-0urHl· ~.lii3t~u~ ci:·cuit '!J ~n!t a m:[lU!e fractiliu cf tlle

cd l~~ t•.,·o ;:cia~ wilie!y r.part a::J w~:~::.: !a, tot:\1 t.•r..o:·gy C:l:~:u::a~i:~:; fro1a th; ~o·.;~·co i~ i:;

r:l3CetO.lctllconnse!lsi~i.,.\!rec~ivl3r. .ThosJ! nc~e:ls:\i'J !or tht::; at:ai1\:n<!nt of th.•,; ;ies~ ro· u--

v~rien:J mcih(Hb havs their lim:tatio:!~~. on~J i sult!l t.:~a:. wi:r:.t..h·~:· t;13 ch:\J':\c~ur •)f Lh•} r•>

5 i·-•cr·~·~"'' ;-.."'l·n-'t;..,.,~ ·'"i''~'r \"' ~ •l1~ nsr..'"·"'''l.it\· •onll 1 1 Ot 0 "'" .. --..·~

• J n1r.illil ch~· .....

w' ••14-~!..J,..J-. ,.,, .. , L.. ~ • ~:) ..1~•U II ... ~. • .... "~- •-. '.-...un 11• ;'\+'tr

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<.li!vi'•- 'lr:•,;.-~'•• tC•".._.... l_•'•'.'J·

lh·~ rc--:eivi:Jg e!:ca!t :;r i=ls!,n:mcnt. m:.J~\C. be illU;.!h l~'i pc&Jibb o t.:j0 on\!r~~-: cot.···):/ !•.l

lJ.:'\.in=:-.inctJ !n '\ t.L::bit ~ r:o!3:U·.m wit'n r~spcct ,:,hau!'.l 'be i:lCt4.10 t.'.tt.l l!lblo for tllo Oi'·)l:\i.iun

.

eets,95S

of t.ho receiver, nnd with this object in \'iew polUtB In tho tran~:Jtuitting mecliorn bet\~G\1n

I ha\o heretofore nmong other means om- which thoro e::dsts or may be obtained in nny

i

ployed t\ receiviug-circnit of high self-indue- manner through tb9 action of the disturb- 70 1 .

t ion and very sm:1ll resistance and of a po- nncc!" or ofl"oct:; to uc- invcstigntcd or utilized

5 r:oJ such n!! to ,·iumte in synchronism with a di!IQreoco ot electrical potential of any rnng-

tho digturbances, whereby n nnmbor of acp- nitud3 I nrmn;~o t\-vo platos c: electrode~ Ho

:w:\ta iropul~c!l from tho sou reo wero mndo to that they rnnr be oppositely cbr.rged throogh

coijporate, thus rn;~gnifying the ciiect exerted tho r.~ency of auoh et1't'ct3 or di~ttnl.H\occs. 75

upon and i nsn ring the action ot tho rccei v- nud I ccu nect. theso elect rodos to tho term i-

~o in; uo\'ice. By thc~o mttan~ decide<ln,h·nn- n:ds cf n hi~hiy-lnsuhted eonti•msor, r,cner· t a;;os ha. '\0 been ~ef~lll'Ctl i 11 many i nstance:J; all~· or con£Ji110:"!\blo ca.pnci t.y. To the ('IJU• hut 'lery often the impro•.:oment ie eit.!H?!' not den~or-termin:~l~ I n1so conne'.!t. tho rcceivor

ttppli~:1.ble nt all or·, iC ~o, the gain is very to La cpor:l.teJ in ~eric~ with a devico of suit- 3o

slight. Edtl1:ntly wl:cn tho BIJllrC'J i~ one pro- nb1e construction, which perform~ the func-

' 5 (lucin~ a con tin ~wu:i presio;urc or Jc-li vering tion of perio,lically disc~nrglng tho contlensar

impulse~ of long c.lurntiou· it is impracticnblo thro~lgh. tho receivor nt nnd dnring such in-

to mngnify the otTe-cts in this mnnnr~r nod tervnls of time &3. mny Le beEt Bttitnble for wheu, on tho other hand, it i~ ont~ f:Jrni~hing thE' purpose eontomplntcd. Tlli:-3 dovica may 85

ohort irnpubC'~ of extrernu rapidity oC su-?.~eg- :ncre1y con~ist of two st~ticntuy oloctro<lcs

::zo sion the ndvantnge 'obtil.iued in this wn.y is snpnrated l>y:1 feeuledielt.'CtricbyerofminntG

iru;ignificant, owing- to tho radiation a:1li tho thickness or it m:1.y comprise termio:lls ono

I un;n-oitlable frictional wnsto in the rr!eeivirig~ or moro of which aro movable and actar-.ted
drco1t These lo!iti:.>s rednc~ g:-cn~ly both :.ho by nny snit:'.ule fore~ and ar3 ad:~.ptctl to bo ?o
·:s inteusity and thn number of tho codp~r:\tivo brou~ht into nntl out of contact with each
impulse!i, nnt.l since tho initial intetL":iity of other in r.cy convenient manner. It will no'' ench of the!'e i~ necessnrily limited only nn ho readily seen thnt it the disturb.:\nces o{

uo i:l!~ignificant amount of oncr~y is thus ma11o whato•;cr natura thoy m:1.y bo cr.use tlefinito
nvni!ablo Cor a ainglo operation of the rC'ceh·er. nmount~ ol olcctriei~y of tho B!\mo sigo to 95

As thi~ amount is cons~q uen tly dopen•len t GO con voyoc.l to each of t !w ~latc.s or electro<!~3 30 tho en~r:;y rou\·oycd to the recci\·er by ont) i\bovo montianod, either continuously cr nt
~inglo impubo it Is evidnntly oece~lg1u·y to j intervn1~3 of time which nro sufiiciently long,

om ploy either n v~ry lar;;e nncl costly, and tho coodensor will. bo charged ton cortain po-

thoroforo oiJjectionau1o, trnnsm itt-or or elsn to t~.~ntlnl, nnd an sulel! oato amount of. ener;;y 1 oo

re~ort to tho cqunlly oujectionab!o nso of ro 1 boin~ thus storcrt durin~ the time doterruiued ·

35 rccelvtn~ dovice too t'oHe~te e.nd too ca~ily by the <levico effecting tho discharge of the

deranged. Fu rlherrnorc, the onergy obtained condtnscr tho rt'cch·et· wi 11 bo periotiicnlly

thron~h tho cdiperation of the i 1n pnl::Jes is in opt:: rated by t lla u!ct:tric:\1 tmo•~Y RO nccn m a· t.ho form of ·cxtrorn•~ly rapid vibiations nnll, l1Ltod; but very ofte-n tho character of tho lm- ros

LP.ca ll!:iC of thi~, n u~u ir au!o foi' tho operittion pnlee3nnd tho cond i tior:.3 of thoir use r.ro such

40 of ordinary reeeivor~, tho more so as this form thae 'vi thou~ furthor provi.sion not. enoo~h

of cnorg:; impo~c!i narrow rostrictiou:i in rc-

~urd to tho rnorlo nntl time o{ it::~ nppliC'~l.tion

to such dov:ce~.

·

To o\·crcomo tllc3e and other limitations

potcnUn.lenor:;y ,.,·ould be nccumubt·~J in tlH condenser t.o opor:\te tllo receiving do?icr~.
This i3 tho caso wh(.·n, for oxa~pla, •nch or 1 Io
oe tho ph~tt'a cr tormin~b receives electricity

45 l'.nd di~ndvanta;;o:3 ·which hun~ l!t•rctoforo ex- rnpidly-ch:1.ngin~ .si~n Ci' CYOi.l wi1en each rci&t~?d in !:;Uch ~ystl}m'l of tr!1!Bm1:!sion cf sig- coi·:es elt~Ctricit.] of tho same si::;c, but only

nr'..ls Oi inteil!::oncu i:i t!H) !llrdn object of my during- pt;.rio,l!J whic1~ nro shcrL a:1 ccmpnr;.:..,l

pr::~ent inveutinn, which ~~w1pd3o3 a t~o·>,.3l wit!! tllei!~teJ"•n.l:!ser;l\!"~'lt!c~-:tiH:-:n. Ia st;::!2. 1:3

llH.:lhotl of accomplishing tiH'!!I) ond3.

inst:.~.nccs I r(!:mrt to the nso o~ ~\special ti·~·

so Tile mt:thod, brie!ly stated, cnm:i~t!l io [ll'O- vico which I mscrt in tbo circu!t lJetw·~O!l

<.lucing nrbitrnrily-vnriet3 or in~ur1:1itter.t dis- tho pintos ~nJ tuoc~n(~ocsor for the pn:po:Je

turunnces or ctrects, tra;!::Hnit~in~ such tl:s~ cf convoy~ug to t:!~ch of t!.le termin!l.ls of thu

I t.urlJauces or ciTcets throu;~h thn natural :no- bttcr electrietl.l cLnr~es of tb..o proper q'!.!nl- !lo
din to 1\ <~ht.nnt. rccc.:ivinf,;·~1tn:.ion, utilizin~ it:,.· r..uJ or'ler or onc<:ossion to eonblo the r':l·
s5 c n Cr;!y d c rind fro ill 3ll ch J bt ~~ r b a uCf.~g or d- ·qui i(l:~ 1\ me.) 11 :1 tot po10n ti111onert;y to uc ~ t or\.'tl
I . feet:! a:. tbiJ rnr.·:~i \'in;~-~t~tlon to ehnrgo r·. e:;n· ir. ! L'1 t~OnLlcn~e•.
Uf!u~cr, an:! ir:-..in;; t.!w aect~:n~lla.~.-!<1 ~;•}_t.:l1:t~al ~··iJcrn.aro >\ nnmiJcr o~ wo1l-!~no·.?~ t!vv.ie:~~:,

t'ncrgy .90 c l;~,\ tne<l ~o cp~·.-l'. to a rr..'ce~ ·.-: r.~ (!tJ· . et tC.·~ ~· 'Vlt !:cut :l.DY mc·;w; part:J cr ~er:-L..! :1:-.d 1:;

Il v:cP.

:or o;;i~'-l t:1t~l-cer.tj rcc:prot:!\tctl or ruL\tu~ L:-·

r,o ..:\11 npp;uatu.1 llv me:!ll~! ot which :.hi~3 tr1<'1 r.r:l")l.c:~Lon of a tJuit:l!:lo fo-:-r.e, wb:ct J~-

ll!l;l h•jd ·wHy bu pn~e!.i:~(.!d h il~U:'itr:~tl!t.! h1 f~r :'..:1;.J. "O :-e1H.iy pas~:a~c to i!npuLH:3 .-11" ono

I J tlt·~ dr:\win;.:g hr!relo nnttPXc:d, i!l wilieh-

sigr: cr !1ir:di•m Lhn:1 to thc:~o of tho other,

Fi:.~uro l ::,a !~h.:!r:1nm:~~ic il!u~Jtrnt:cn t:;{ or ~er~nit only impt:be~ ol onu kin.} o~· ·.Jr:Je.r :3o

tl1'' apparAL~~. ~!H.! F~!~· ~ i.'.l n mo(lifird [~)rr.J ~Jf succe~:J;o:~ t0 i:r:~ve:-~10 i\ p:\th, :1l1U.i\llY '.:,~

(,5 ru ;trmn;.;crn,lt&t. cf tl!n ~l:~fl!i~.

th:.:~e or 9imibr L!;••;i;::c:~ c:'l.p;~blu of !:1lti.ilir.~

lu teo practic:d applic.1tioa of rry m~~~::oJ , tho req:t;r~~!::,Jnt3 :!"ltlj' ba use·J in C:\r:j'in·~ :-.lj'

~ I ilsnaily prcccc'l us fol:,,""' ,\~ nny two l in7eotlun :ct,J ;>rnct;ee. One 3nch .Jov.co o~

~l

tr~

~AA~~~~~~

familiar coustrucUon whioh will servo to In illue~rn~i~n ot tho opcrll.tion ot tho «!a-
convey n clear undea·atn.ndlng or this pu.rt of vices described let it b{) as.1umed that a!t.er-

~y io.vontion and enable a per.~on skilicd iu. n~ting· electric?.l impulses !rem n distt'.nt gen. 70

the art -to apply the same is illastratod in er!'.tor, ea G, Rra tranomltted through tha
s the anne%ed drawings. It consists o! a cyiin·. aarth nnd thnt it !!3 dcaired to utillzo those

dor .A-of icsulnting material, which is moved impnlsea in n:!ccL·daneo w.ith my method.

at n. uniform rate of speed by ·clockwork or This mny be the c~'ie, !or a~~mple, wh9n such

other suitable motiv6 power 8-nd is provided a generator iJ nsod .for pnrpoeea of aigunling i 5

"j;'ith two metal rings B B', upon whic!l beAr In one o! th:3 waya bo!ore entlmer~ted, S!J by

ro brushes a and a', \\'bich nre connected, re- having it.!l torc:linal.s counected to two points

epeotlvely, in the manner shown to the tor- of t~i) earth dl.stant. from each othor. In this
minnl plates P and P', abo~a retcrred to. cnso tho plutes P and P' are first cou:aect•3d

From the rings B 13' e:ttend nar.ow metnlllc to two prop~rly-::.olected polnta of tho earth. So
segments s nods', which by the rotation ot Tho speed o! rotation ot tho cylinder A la

tS the cylinder A aro brought n.lteruate!y into \a.riod "Gctil it is mado to torn in synchro-

contact with doable bru!hos band b', cardod nism with the ·f\ltornste impulses ol the gen.-

by and in contact with conductin~-boldcrs h erutor,and,Oonlly, the position ol tba bru~has

·and h', ·which are adjuatablo longitudiually band b' is adjusted by angola:- displacement, 85

in the metallic enpport:3 D and D', ns shown. us usual, or ln other ways, ao thnt they nrf3

:o Tho latter are·connecto<l to the tormin,'\ls T in contact with tbo sagmont!l sand 3' during

and T' o! n condenser C, nnd it ~hould bo un- tho poricda '.vhon thG impul.m~:J are at or neP.r

dorntoo<l that they nro ~apr.Qlo o! an:;al:u the mn.:ti:::uum of their intanaily. Only ordi·

o:, displacement, as ord.ina:-y brU!3h ·Bi3pporte. na:;-y e1u\~t1'ics.l Blcill and kr.ow!edg-a S.r;) reo 90

The object of usin~ !.wo brushe9, as b n:1d

qnired to mr.kr, these e.ujustmouts, and ·a

25 in each ot the holder-J h nnd h/ i3 to' vary as:. :u!mb&r cf device3 tor etfoctic;; synchronons

will tho duration of tho 9lectric.~ontac~ of t!w t n:i.n·omen~ bolog woll known, ·and it ~in;

pla~es P and P' with the torminnls T un<l T', tha cbi(:l ocj~c~ cl my pre~ant f\pplicaticn t')

to which 13 CClnnccted a receivin~-circuit in- eot forth s nov(\1 mothcd of utiliz~;Jg cr t~p- 95

30

eluding a recei \"er R kind above referred

u.~d a device d of to, which per!orrns

the Uw

111ap:tlly~liin" gd

:\ ev

p:-in ice3

~L~ipnl9o,t

a dot.J\ilod considered

cnec.c:J~csraiaprt;ior.n

or
I

dnty of closing t.he receiving-circa it at pre· may st~te, ho~O\""\Jr, that tor practic~l par-·

determined inte~vnl3 of time nod dl~charging pc!les h1 "the pre~ant ease it is C;Jly neccs.sa1·y

the stored energy throngh the receiver. In tJ shirt tho bru3b.es forwaru or bnc!t until tho reo

the present case this dovico consi.:sts ot n cyl- ~n~uirnt!:I! effect i3 aoca,~cd. Tho abovo re~

· 3S inder d;madt.l pnrt.!y of coud uclcing and partly qairamento being ful5llcJ, olectrical charges
of insulatiu:; matoritll e nud e', rospective!y, or tho aamo ai~r. ".rill bo cou vo,rcJ to l.!ach of

which ia rotr..tcd at the d11sirod rnto of speod tb~ condon.'HH'·torminnlfi f~>3 tba cylindor A. ia

by n.ny S¥itablo men.os. The conuucting part rotnteJ, nn:.l with each fre:;h impulse the con- r ~~s

e is in good. e.lectrica\ connection \Vi_th the doc3er w~!l be- c"hn:i·gcd to a higher poton~ial.
ce- 40 shaft S nnd is' provided with taperiug scg· Tl.!o spct!!.l of rc~a~ion of tho C'Jiiudcr d
ments f J~ upon which slidE's a bru2h k, sup- in~ adjnstable r'.~ wiB, the onergy of any nom-

ported on a conuuc~iog-rod l, (':lpllblo o( lon- ber oi sop:~rnto impu1.:3es may thns· be accu-

gitr:dinal adjustment in a mot:lllic enpport

45

m. Anothor brnsh n
upon tho shurt ·'S, and

is it

nwrirlnl nugaedseeton-

bear that

\rhenoverouo of th~rH:gm~n~fcomua i~ con-

ma!ated in potantbl form nnd diachar;~ed 110 thro!1gh. tho rocoi'ler H. upon th~ brnsh k
comiug in contact with ono ol tho ae;:sme:Jtn
f. It •,-.;·~~1 b~J ot course un!l<!r..;tocd thnt thu

ta.ct. with the bru5h k th13 circuit, ir:cludioci capaci~.y o{ th01 (!op<lcnse:r Bloould be ~wch fl-3

n.,. the recoivor

i!i ~omplcted and. tbo -<!on~ to n.llow tho atc:iutt o! a. much ~:-~at,.;;r a.moon~ tJS

denser di~charg~d thl'ou~h tho samo. By nn of oilorgy thnn b rcquir':!'1 for tho ordin.lry
so .arJju~tmont of tho epccd of rot:\~ion cf tho opernti~n ol tho rocelvor. Sinco by tD.ia

cyl!ntl:3r d Rnd i\ displ~<:cment of.- the brush motuoJ ~ ral:l.ti~,·oly grc:lf: !l.moun~ of Dnor~y

h along tho cylin<br tho ciret:l!. n:a.y bo mado and in f~ suitable for:n m:>.y bo rnado P.\.?;).il-

to open and cluso iu i\3 rapiC. succc.9sion anll nblo for tho uporatiou o! ~ rP.coi·rer, tlle btter ! ::Q
or romain cpnn or closed during such in torval:J . nee·] not bo V·!.ry son~iLi '/13;. but cou r:Jo
55 of time as rnuy bo ·1esirud. 'l'ho pbtos P :\ZHl l wb-.m Lh;:; ir.Jptllscs nr<J very feeblo, ;:n when
I P', throu;;h which tho ciedrific:1tioos nrc con· cot~~ in~ frvm a great dl~tnnce or wh~n. ic i3

veyed to tue ca:Jsiuemt:lc

bdir::;.t:!::~b;;c~s·Jafr·:aJtmUi

a', tn!!Y be ea(!!l ct!1cr

at n
nr:J.

1ltc:~~~J:n:-ie\d!lVtoc~ort-lloOrr.wtoolal-!rtcr.coowi'ni

ar Y<Jr::
dr:,vice!j

!:apiJly)
C!ll)idJio

1 ~~

boLh iu th~ r;:-or.nd or both in tho air? or one I o~ tcspo.n!lin~~ to Yn:y fo::Lla iaftuoocc.1~ r..Jn.y

6o ir: th·3 ~ronnt.l ar:r.l tho othor in. the air, p:-c(- ! ~c \!~c:i in thi~J coni~ecUol! . .,

er:r.b!y at f.ome hei~!.!L, or f,hoy may l.;;3 eo:1- IE :n:ltcad of tcJ alterr::1tin:; irupu1sc.:~ shr~r:

or nectcd to conJuc!.ar~ tJ:<tcntlin'! to ~nmo llis- innul~o3 of ~;111 !.:.1:nO din~i!~iun r.ro co~l-.·':'~·ed
ll'.!'lCO or to the te:m!r::lh nc"y kinJ of ap- ~:j ·t.;·.'~ r!.:.~c:~ ? :lJ.U P', till? npp:1.:i\t;.:3 1:0- !2"J

par!l.tll3 r.11pplying elc:t!lr!eal orwr~;y \Yhit:h i3 o:~ri!.L!ll i&~I~Y '!till r~aJiiJ l;r. u:H~Li, r:.u.t! i·J: •.f.i3

I c5

obtair:cJ f:cm t!i9turbance!J

ttrh:ou.3c:rn!ictrt~~~yl

of t h.> frem

impn;!':c~J r.;r 1\ t!i!ll:1.ll•;•)

·

p~:u'UrSIp.!o::.::.;.o:

~:;

: !s nDtl

mMeiy u·.;:lt.J

Ln~eilcl.t!p~cU3a.;tr.yiouto.

~s~~h~:iifct.".~th.~nJ

throogh :l:e untur>l mcuir..

, U7 <to <.n~o·l Lnol "'"-•··' mnlnt:uun:; t:~:

rl£

cr s:!.me cont.litions in regarJ to eynchroni3m nn 'nod tho terminals the cont.lonsor connected

boforo, so th.:\t tho :mcccodin~ impulso:3 will dirootly to tho pla.tfl3 P and P'.

be pormittctl to pass into the COllUO::lS~r, bnt It \Vill bo aeon that by the USe of my in· 70

prevented !rorn returning to the ground or vention results hitherto unnttnin.'lble in util-

5 tran3ru~ltin~ tnCUiUDl duri·ng .tho inter\"l\l!S fzing disturbances Or effocts transmitted

between tuorn, owing to ~he intprruptiou dur- through natural media. m:1y be rendily at-

iog ~uch inton·nls o! tho connections laadiog tainsd, since bowover ~rent· the <listnuca o!

from the ccndonscr-terD?inals to tho plate:J. such trnnsm!3sion and however feeble or n.t- 75

Auothor \T:l.Y of using the· app~rntus with tanuntod the impulspe received enough cn-

Jo impr:lao!l of tl.lo sama direction is to tl\kc 9ff orgy may be accumnlated !rom them by 8torono pair of brushes, nab, disooon~ct the plat8 ing up tha onnr:;y of succeeding irnpul!1e3 (or
or suu- P from bru!jh a n.nd join it directly to tho ter- a sut1icient inton·al time to render the

minal T of t1w -con,lonser; nod to conn(let don liberat\qn of it highly ef1ecti vein oporr.t· 8o

bra8h a with brush a·. The nppn.r:1.tos thus ing a rccoiver. In this wa.y recei ver3 of n -va-
sl motliJicd would appGar ns shown in Fig. ~. rioty of forms may be mttde to respond ot!ect-

OperR.tcd in thi.:J manner and nssuming tua ively to impulseJ too feeb1o to be detected or

~peetl of rotation of cylinder A to be the saruo, to lJe made to produce any a.en::~ible offcct in

tho apparatus wiH now bo ovi<.lentiy adn.pte'd .any other way of which I n.m n.w!\re, n. re~mlt 85

for n. num'bor of impulses pei· unit of limo of grentvn.luo in 'lmriousnpplications toprnc·

:20 t-·~·ice a~ great l!S in the preceding case.· In tic!\l uso.

all caso~ it is o~idtmtly hnportn.nt· to adjust l do no~clnim hen;innn appar:.1tna by ruenn~

the durntiou ot contact of sr.·[;meatg s 1\UU s' of which tho abo\·o-<lcscribed method is or with bn1shes b b' in the mnnrH.~:." indic:lted. may uo pructicod either iu tho spoeial for~ ?O

"\~/"hen the metuoJ ant.lnpp~ratu.s I h5vo do- horoin shown or in other forll!s which aro

25 ,;cr-ibctl nro used in connection -;vit.h the trn.n':!- possiblt:l, hewing mn.da claim~ to such n.pp:t·

mission ol si~oab or intelligence, i~ will of ;-atns iu anothDr a.pplicntioo, Serial K~.

courso bo u:1Jerstcod that tho transmitter ia 7::~,81:!, filed SeptemberS, 1S0a, fl.3 u. J~\·isiou

or oporatt.:d in such r. wn.y ns to produce disturb- .tho preJont cas~.

95

a nee!:\ or c.ITect:\ \' hich aro varied or intermit- . \Yhnt r·clr.im n..:1 my invention, ar.J desire

.P teu in 5omo n.rLitrary manner-tor e2:~rnple, to securo by Letter!l Patent, is-

I to produco lon:;cr and shorter saccessionj of 1. Tho mothod of trn.nsrnitliug- and utili;:·
i rr. pulses correspond. inr.; te; the dn..shes and dots ing el~~tdcal oncr~y horei n <lese ribed, wb ioh

of tho :\!crso nlphabot-aud thu r'3ceivin~ tln- consbts in prc<ln~iug arbitra.rily V.'\ri:~tl orin- 1cc

vicu will r0::iDorH.l to a:1u iw.lk3te the.so VJ.ri:J.- tcrmiltnu electrical disturuanl.!es or eiTcct:-3, 35 tio11:-; or intc.rmittcncr.:J, sii"!CO the storage d·a- I t:;..n~r.litting the s:lmc ton dista.ut recoi·:in:;·

vieB wiil bo chn.r;;ed. nnJ. <.li!.Jch~rr;ed H. :wml:er stu.tioc, charging, for succeed in;; anr! pre<!f}.-

of time:1 Cl>r:-c3pontlbg to tht1 Jumt~un of tho tcrmln~Jtl pori(;t.l:; of timo ~t coadou!"Jor with

succc~:3ior;~ cf·impul.~ws ::-::rcive~.

e·ne1·;;y deri-..·~d from such cfrect3 or tlist:.nb- 105

uy Obviousl:r the 1::\Ileeinl n.~p\iance:i u::IOU in n.nccs, ~:lU opuratbJ; n roccivic;; <]~)\'lC~~

f,O cn.rry!ug ont m~' irn·ontion may l>e ;·ariuti in ~l!scllar;.;iog- at nrb!trary iutorvr~ls, tho ace~·

t!lP.ny wuys w!thontdop:~rting frou tho spirit midated potontial enor~~y so obtained, a!s s1:t.

of U1t.! same.

forth.

It b to IJo ob:-:orvod that it h Lb.·.) runction ~. Th~ rnothod of trausmittin~ aml uti liz· xzc
I of the <~;·iinJer A, wiLh it.~ bru~b.c3 and con- tog cloi!t.rical onor~~/ heroin <losc~~ibed, whic!1
45 nnetior:~J, to rondar t.ho elec;,r~e:~l ililpll~:!O:i c.m.sigt:J in pro<1uciug electric:-..~ l!i:5turb:~nccs
COi:lio;_; from tho plnteS p t?.Od r· J:!itnbJo for Ot' Ol!<Jcts cap~UIO of b~in;; tr~U.!!tnittcU to .l
I ~har;?ir.g the t~ocd~neor (.1.:::!3um:n~ ~hem to bn i ~i;)t:\t:e(: i.ht·cuo.;h thb n:1tural metlia, ch.-~r·;·
u nsuitablo fur this purpose ir~ tho form in ing a cu!.!rl!HlSci· nt a 'di~t.'ln t recei ving·stado:1 I :a 5 which they nro r~coi\·otl) by rcctiiying--thom ~itil onorJ:r d~rivod !rom such e!10ct.~ or di~-

s~ when they nre ori~inally altcrnatio~ in c.lircc· 1 turll<.lncc!l, nnd using for por~od:; of timo, pro.;tiDn or by :!olectiu~ aueh pn.l·tJ of t!.lem ns 1 cotcrn:ined as to succc::Jsi>?n and <lurn.tion,

aro .:mitr~b!o '.7hen r.ll n.re not, r.r.d any other :.!1e potential cm.'r;;y so obtainetl to oporn.to ,.,_

dovic3 pcd,.. r:ning. this function w~ll obvi- receivint; tlo·;ico.

I:.-::>

OU3iy ar.s·.•e: ~he purpose. It is :\1!30 e\·id~ut 3. Tlh; mc~hod of trausmitting aut! n::l!:·

55 t.b::.t ;\ dcvi.~o 9Uch as I bavo n!rc:!d~,. reforred in6 clcctric:l1 cncr~y herein u~.:lcribe<l, .,,h:c!1

to wi~i:.:h ,;JI•J:;·; a more re:lJy p~t5.tmtro) to ir.l· con~istJ in producing eloct:-icul.dis:nrban~t'S

n;;l~e:3 ·Jf o:~e :!i;; ;,o: t;t;rmit:i on!·: lm~)U!30!3 of; or ~!TccL~l c~pJ.blo of boin~ transmittetl l') .-:.

Pi.'::'or:0~:~-a:~mothis::3t'::::lJ~uto.:~:D·::ln:23inuO:(r!n~~ioanl·~~~n lblle:\·CuJ"soc!dlaeto~

! 1

\ilui~s~taa. ncconetlthm~r!o.t~:;r;

hatt!n1o·li'nJatnt!nHt :r!·l~C'm)l veid:!ia~-,sr'...~:;~J:g:rc.:.;.·

: ;!_~

l.io whee. n.itern:~tin~ impn!~~.c.3 nre rcceh·•.)I.L !o: sn~cf!oding nntl prct:etor::1i~eJ p::Jr:c ~-l 0~

Vllh!n

_t!to

i_r.,pn!~09 :lro

lon,rr a:1d .a!t at

tho

1
.

timo_,

wit.h

energy ueriye:d

frow

~uc~_,e.t:·:::j

fi.l.Z:lO d lrcc::')i:;, n.;-:d 0 '··en W ,H;U ~hoy :lr~ ul· 1 Cr d ;stJrOl\!lC~S, :141tl USlD g for :tJOriOd.::, v! 1.LlO

;.err:.:ltin;, but su 1"!i.ciontly loni in durution I prcuot.ormir!od ;13 to !!':;!CCjSi1)ll n~d •.1 u r:1~:cr!, r 3'1

nu1l su~t..ained in olcctromot:vo {or~~: tl:o j tho accumuln.tu1l (•norgy so obt:ltoed to op.~r·

bru:5he~ b :\nrl b' m:ly bo \;c•nr on c'10 pa,:3,U IJ' o[

aJj !.!gted eo ns tlt<l cyEncl<:r .\,

to cr

i 1

nto a rcc~~ ..-!i~g duvic.n. 1. T:1o mothcd horcbboforo

. . ueecrJbod

a!

• .... ,.~

tho cyFcJ,,r ar.•l it.> brushes mny ~o omittotl .i prododo;; e.rUiL.,.rlly vo.ried or ir.ter"'i'~to't~

5

tllectrical disturbances or effects, ·transmit- a circuit at ancb station, aelectinr; or direct,..

ting such disturbances· or offecta through ing the impalaca in said circuit so as to ran-

the natural medin to a dists\nt recoiving-sta- der them suitable for charging a couclanser,

tioc, storing in a condenser onGrgy do1·ived ch:t.rging a cond~nsar with tho impawcs so
ss 5 from a succession of such disturbances ore!· selected or directed, ·and discharging the nc-

tecte for periods o~ tim a which correspond in cnmnlated potontial energy so obtained intc,

nncccssion to .such e!lects or distnrbanceo and or through a ~cceiving device at arbitrary in-
or r.re predeterm~ned as to duration, and u~ing tervala of time.
the ~ccumulated potential en'?rgy so obtAmed 0. The method hereinbefore deseribed

10 to operate a receiving device.

tr!lnsmitting eign!.ltis or intelligence, which 6c

6. The method herein describcd·of produc· con3i9ta in producin6 at the sending--station

ing arbitrarily varied or intormitted electrical· arbitrarily varlod orintermittad di3turba.nces

disturbances or etlect9, tr!lnsmitting such or ef!ecta, tramsmitting such dlaturbnnces

disturbances or elfect!J tbroogh the natural or eflectB t.hrongh the natural media to e. ra-

'5 m·edia to a distant receiving·etaticn, est3b· ccivi:lg-staticn, utilizingenergyde:-iv-ad !roni 65

lishing thQreby a flow of elec_tri('s.l energ-y in snch distu:bnncea or effects at the recoi ving-

a circuit at sucb. station, charging a con- ataUon to charge n conden.sor nnd using the

de.n.aor with energy !rom such circuit, and accumulat~d pot3ntinl energy so obt~ined tc
r.giug tho :lcccmulated potentinl ~ne1~b'Y so I opernte n receiving device.

~.) obLl.i:Jed to operate a roc!.}i..,.inh thwico.

10. Tho method hereinbefore dcscril..'ed at. 70

G. 'fho nH!thod herein d{)sc:ibed o! prod nc- t1·nn3mitting eign:...ls or intelligence through

i~g arbitrariiy ,.tarit~d or intormitteu ele(!t:icn.l tho natural media from a sending-station to

di~tcrbance~~ or e!rocts, trans1:1itting a:.:eh a roceivicg·ataticn, whicltcocsist.3 in produc·

di3turbnncas or eflecte throngh tho n.P.tural ing at tha so-::1d!ng-atation, e.rbit:nrily varied

:3 me!lit\ to a distant receivi·Dg·Btation, estl\b- or intermitted electrical ef!octl:s or di!ltnrb- 75

li!.!h~n~.; thereby a tlo'v of eloctr:ca1 energy in i\cccti, transmitt:ng the oa.ma through tho nat-

r. circuit nt such station, chnrging a con- ural media to tho receiving-station, utilizing

densa1· with (\lcctrical cnerJ,!'y from :m~h cir- tho energy Jcri·:t:~d l"rorn anch d!aturbance:l or en it, and uiscbnrgiog Lho nccurnulatad paton· effecta nt tho rc·~d ving-statioa to cbn.rgn l1

JO tia! oncrgy so obtained iuto cr through a rc- t'oudt?nser, and dl~chn:-giur; thn nccumulated Sc

c0i·ring t.levico r.t nrbitrary intt~rval!l of timo. potontirl cnorgy ao obtained t!:;rongh n rn-

7. Tho lllethod. herein described o! produc- coi'/in;! dovir.e n.t arbitrary intervalu of time.

ing :.lrbit;·arily vn.:icd or in tci"mitted electrical 11. The method horo1nbef~r~ th~scrib~d of

disturbances or effects, ti·nn"Jmitting such tr~nsmittivg sign;lls or iat'.!llit;o~ce fror.n n

of 3$ di3turbacces or ofi~cts ton distant recciYing- sending to a di~tn.:1t r\!coiviog station, which 85
otut.ion, establishing thereby l\ fiOVr olec~ CO~Si!3t3 in prcdncin:; at tho iormor, r.rbitrn·

trL"!:\l encr.~y iu 1\ c!rcu~t nt such station~ so· rily vnried or intarm~ttcd electdcn.l dbtnrb-

lcr;ti.ng or directing the impu!s·~s in !mid cirq ances or effects, t:-r.r.smitting tho samo to tho

co it so a:i to rc:Hkr tbt:w suitnble for cha.rg- rccoivin:;·3tntion, chnr~in;; Ly the e11orgy dc-

40 ing a. coud~ns.er, chargbg" a conden3e:- with ri•c<l frou1 auch ui;;tm·bauccJ or effect3 at tho 9;:

the in~9u!scs Ro· selected or dircctc~, and t.lLJ· , re~7hind':st:-tiJn n ccnd~a.so::-, an.d ,.using for

che.r-glllg tile :\ccu:uu!c.V.eJ potentut enorgy pancds o! t1oe prcJeterm1ned as i.oO succca·

Bo otJtai.ned in~o, or through i!. r!?cciving d~-~·1 sL.>n nntl dura~icn. the potcnUa: energy so

vico.

obtab~d tJ ope:-::.tu u recei vir.g J.Gvic'...~, .'1.H ~et

-tS 8. Tha methou heroin describ•!d o~ protluc· forth.

idnig~taurrbblit\rnacreiel

y va or

roiefdfcocrbi,ott'):r:!-.!ulniatmteid~tollnegctd~cm:c1h.l"'II

N~I'"GI A TESl •.

.~. 1 ~ ' J

.J• ••

di.!!turbnuccs or effects through th13 natural ..,Yit,ues:.Je!l:

s·:l

mo~.lia w n distant reccivt::!:;-stetioo, e.st.:lJ· lhhin~ llwrob.v, a ..tlow ot elect:lcal {)~o~·~..,Y !n

1
.

:LEO!TA.lm E. CC'n.T!!i, ..:\. E. SKl!\::r;;n.

~

~ ~ ~ ~- .......... ........... ~ ~

N1l. G35,955.

N. T ESLI~.

Pat'!ntcd No·1. 5, 1~81.

APPARAT US F0 R UTl L; ZING EF' FECTS TRANSMIT r ED FRCi1l o. 0 i ST A~I CE T0 A

RECC:IVING [)~VICE THI10UGH NATUrL'\L f·1£DIA.

(~o Model.)

;....r

!
_j

;...

- I ~

....

~

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,

I _____...

fD=-=1 ;...L_)

.,Ir ·I··---~---_--.-_.j-~-_-:-:, :__n.I,::~

F i .----:r\'~.--. ! --~---·-,-~--~~

! : ~=-=-____d

.,,

l ~

i · ..... ~-.l-1 • I ......

I J ,

·

,

I'~ ,...__

_

__

r
. __:

...;.~.:.-

-

\ I

!

L

C\~
.tS-,
,.. ......... .;. i-.."-.._;

T>, .. J.J /;;_:.'/)/,.' 1~/-/.r:/.: /

1• I

0

~ . / . , .

_

•

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..,0 '- (.,_ J

, 1

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{_.._

UNITED STATES P~L\.TENl~ OFFICE.

NIKOLA TESLA, OF NE\\' )'OH:~. N.Y.
APPARATUS FOR UTILIZING EFFECTS TRANSMITTED FROM A DISTANCE TO A REC~JVING DEVICE THROUGI-f NATURAL MEDIA.
SPECIFICATION formin~ part of l.t•lkr:; Pat~!lll No. 685,955. dated :'l:oveml)l'r S. I ~HI I.

To all whom it may concern:

1 iance from each other, the two terminals of 50

Be it known that I, NIKOLA TESLA, a ci!izen a gem~rator and to energize by a part oi lht>

of the United States, residing at th~ borough current diffused through the earth a distant

of Manhattan. in the city, county. and State circuit, whkh is similarly arranged .:md

5 of New York, have invented certain new m~d grounded at two point~; widely apart and

useful Improvements in Apparatus for Utillz- which i3 made to act upon a sensitive receiver. SS

ing Effects Tr<lnsmitted fr01:1 n Distance t0 a These various m~thods have their limitations.

Receiving Device Through the Natural Media. ont>, t~sped~lly, which is common to all, twin:;

of which the fcllowing is a specification, refer- that the receiving circuit or instrument must

10 ence being had to the accompanying draw- he maintained in a definite position with re-

ings, whic form a part of the same.

spect to the transmitting apparatus, which 60

Thi~; npplication is a division of an applkil- often imposes great disadvantagt·s upon th<...'

tion filed by me June 2·1, 1R9~). Serial No. use of the apparatus.

721,790. in which a method of utilizing effect:; In several applications filed by me and

15 or disturbances transmitted through the patents granted to me I have disc!nscd other

natural media from c1 dista11t source is des- methods of a:.:complishing results of this ci;)

cribed and made the subject of the claims. The nature, which may be brieily described as

invention of my present applit:ation c01~si.st.;; follows: In one system the potential of a point

in the appar;:1tus hereinafter described and or region of the earth is vnried by imparting

20 claimed. by the use of which the method to it intermittent or alternating electrifications

claimed in -my said prior application may be through one of the terminals of a suitable 70

practiced and by rn~ans of which results hith- source of electrical disturbances. which to

erto unattainable may be secured.

height.:.>n the r:~ffect has its other terminal con-·

Several ways ur methods of transmitting nected to an insulated body, prdt~rably of

25 electrical dls!urbances through the natu!"al large surface and at an elevation. The eiectri-

I media and utilizing them to operate distant ficatios comml~nicated to the earth spread in 75
receivers are now known and have be<.'n all direttions through the same, re;.1ching a

I arplied with more or less Sllccess fur accom· distant circuit. which generally h.Js its ter:ni·
plishin~~ a variety of useful re:-;u!ts. One '>f nals arrnn:;~u and connected simi!.Jrly to those

:{ll the~e w.:.~ys consbts inyr_oducing by~\ su.i.r~ble of the transmitting source. and operates upcn
~~;p.1r;1tu·; rays or rad!alwns --that ts. tltstur- :1 ilighly-st:n'iitivl.! r~cei•.-er. Another method :-:t'

b:m:.:e:; - which are propagatPd in s•r~dg!lt is b(.!~('d upon lite bet; th:u tht~ ~•trr:ospheric: ;:ir.

lin ..·:; !!:r:Hqh space, directin;; them upon a wilidt behll'."!·;. a!; ;\11 ~~::ceilent l!l::;uhtGr to

I receiving or n·corc!ing appar;!tus ~1t a di::tam:e. currents f.:ene!·~ted by ordii~Jry appan~u:;,
:~;; and lht>reby !Hinging the :atkr i:tto t.!Ction. become:> a conductor ~.mdt~r the influence ci
I This mdhod is th~ oldest aPd bt:st k11:m·n. ar:d currents ·:Jf :rr.p~tlses of enormou..:ly hi!~h ei<"C· .-iS

has be·~n brought particularly !mo prominenr~~ tromotiV'.! force which I h.1ve devised nw:·~n:; in re~._·.~:lt year:1 tllmu;.:h thl~ invt·sli!,:ttions of 1 for generating. by such me:ms air strata, whic!1

Heinrich H(•rtz. Andher mdhc,d co:tsists in are easily accessible. are rendered av::ii!abie

10 passing a curr·~nt thrO\tgil a d:--.·uit. prefer~biy for the pr(;dt!~tion of many desired effect;; at

one indo!'ill~ a v·~r~' !ar~~~ :1rea. inuucin~ thereby :n ;1 si!nililr cir~·uit. situ:~t~-"d at a dis-
t;wce, an•>lllt~r cw:-~:nt c111d affectim~ bv tit~~ same in a11'< nm\""r;ir~nt wav a n:-ceivi11-!~ d~~·1:> vice. Still'"a-Iwqwr 'Nav. wl:i~~~ Jus .1L:o bee:1 known f,,r rnanv V~':u·-:-;. :s to r)~ss !i1 anv suitable rna:Hler a ~:t;r::•nt tl:nn;gh a portion of

distances. lwwever great. Th:s method. fur- :·W

thenno;e ;&!!1)\\o'S advant;u~e to IJ,~ t:~kt.~n r:f many of tho~;~ iraprove;1·1enLi which <1re

practicabiL~ !ri tt1e ordil'arv sv~;kms .--.f

transmission nmducto;-.

iilvol vin:_s

ti1~~

u:;~

ot" a

nwt2.i!ic

-,.,•. !

Ob•.:io:1sly v;!:.:lt'\'\.'r m:'lt!(H! iw t:·r~1Pi<;~'d

the grqu:11l, ;1!; h:: connt•rting t·.> two point::, •1f it is tk·sir;il;!,~ t h~1t ttw disturl>;:nL"es produ(·\~u t!1e same. preft~r;;bly ;~! a cun:::iderable dis- by the' transmittin~~ -1pp:'r:ltus shm~ld !:e .1:)

~ 1 -~ ~owerful ~ Gss.ess as possil>le, and by the use of certain created by such disturbances, a rece1vmg· forms. of high-frequt.~IH:Y apparatus which I circuit connected with the storage device, a

have devised and which are now well known receiver included in such receiving-circuit, and 70

important practical advantages are in this means for closing the receiving-circuit at any

5 respect secured. Furthermore, since in most desired mumcnt, and thereby causing the

ca!-:<:.'S the amount of energy conveyed to the receiver to be operated by the energy with

distant circuit is but a minute fraction of the which the storage device has been char~ed.

total energy emanating from the source, it is The best form of apparatus for carrying out 73

necessary for the attainment of the best results my invention of which I am now aware and
1o that whatever the character of the receiver the manner of using the same will be under-

and the nature of the disturbances as much stood from the following description and the

as possible of the energy conveyed should be accompanying drawings, in which -

made available for the operation of the receiv- Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of 80

er. and with this object in view I have hereto- such apparatus, ar.d Fig. 2 a modified form or
1s fore, among ather me<!ns. employed a receiv- arrangement of the same.

ing-drcuit of high self-induction a!1d very small At al!y two points in the transmitting medi-

resistance and of a period such as to vibrate urn b~tween which there exists or may be

!n synchronism with the dist~rbances. where- obtained in any manner through the action of k:1

by a number of separnte impulses from the the disturbances or effcds to be investigated

:!0 source were made to cooperate, thus magnify- or utilized a difference of electrical potential

ing the effect exerted IJpon and insuring the of any magnitude I arrange tw:J plates or eiec-

action of the receiving device. By these means trodes so that they may be oppositely charged

decided advantagPs hnve been se~·ureu in through the agency of such effects or distur- 90

many instances; but vt~ry often the improve- b<mccs, and I connect these electrodes to the

~:) ment is either not applicable at nil or if so the terminals of a highly-insulated condenser.

gain is very slight. Evidently when the source generally of considerabl~ cap:u:ity. To the

is one produ~!ng a continuous pressure or coildenser-terminals l also connect the re-

deliverin~s impulses of long duration it is ceiver to be operated in series with a device 95

impr.1ctkable to magnify the effed:; in this of suitable construction which performs the
:w manner, and when, on the other hand, it is function of periodically discharging the con-

one furnishing short impulses of extreme den:;er through the receiver at and during

rapidity· of succession the advanta~;e ciJtained such i&1tervals of time as rnav be best suitable in this way is insignificant, owing to the radia- for the purpns~ contempl.i'ted. This d~vice 100

tion and the unavoidable frictional wa!-itc in may merely consist of two statior~ary elec-
:;s the receiving-circuit. Thesl;! losses reduce trodes separat~d by a f,~:~b:e d~electr!c layer

greatly both the intensi_ty and the number of of minu~e thic!m~ss, or it mav comorise terthe cooperative impul$•~s. anJ since the initi;J minals one or more of which <1~e mo\·able and

intensity of each of ttw~:e i•; n:•ressnri!y limited actuated hy <HiY suit;~ble fl)rce and are adapted 1()5

oniy an insignificant ar:.wunt :>f energy is tht!s to be brougl:t into unu out of contact with·

·til made availablt' for a single operation of the <:>~ch other in a;1y convenient mann~~r. !t will

r~celvei. As this aml)unt ::-; consequently now be re<1dilv seen that lf the uisturbances.

depe1:dent 011 the C'rwrgy ,·:mveyed to the of whakver n-ature they may be, cause defi-

receiver by one single impuls;;~. it is e·;idently nite umounts of electricity of the same sign to 1iO

rwcpssary to employ eithf..'r a very !;:rge and be convey\•d to e:-tch of tiw plates Oi ekc-

·13 l'Ostly. and th:~refore objection:1ble tr~msmit- t:·odcs ~hove mentio1H.'d t•ilht•r continuously

tc•r, or else re~ort to tht.: eq11:1!!y oiJjection;;ble or at intervals of time which are sufficiently

use of a receiving device too delicate and too long tl:e ;.:onden~.cr wii! be chnrged to a certain

'-'-1sily dcrangl'tL Fl!rtnerllwre. the energy pott..'ntial <iild an adequ:Ite <Hndt:rtt of energy 1! :>

o!Jtained through the· cooperation of the being thus stored duhng the time determined

50 impulses is in the fur;.n ef extre:nely-r.:1pid by the dt~·;icc effectir:g til'.! discharge of the

vibrations and bet:.:lllSt: of this unsuitable for conden:.er lhe icceiver will be perir)dically

the oper:•tion of ordinary rec~i·-:ers. the more : cperaterJ by the e!ectrkai en~r:.;y so accum1.1-

so as this form of cn~rgy impc:;es narrow l:lted: but very often the d1aracter of the 1~D

restrktions in regard tu the mode :1nd timt.> of impulses and lh~ conditions of their use aft~

;);) its application to such devices. To overconw such that without furth::.•r provision not e!mul.{i1

these and oth~~r limLations and disadv~mtage!; potential energy \".'GU!d be •~ccmnlilated in the

which have h:•rctdor-." ·.~xisted in such systems condt~nser to otwr<itc t!i<' recl'ivin~ devic~ of trnnsmL;sion of si;.~na!s or imel!igence is the This is the GlSe. when. fdr ex:Jmplc~ C<.l'..:h ni 1~5

obj~·ct of my inven~ill .1. which comprises a the plates or te:minals rec~i\·es electricity of

1)r) non~l form d a.ppara ~us for at::.::or:~plishing r:1pidly-changing sig!1 or ~·;en when eacil

tlh•:;e n~sults.

r~ceives electricity 01 t:,,, s;1::11~ sign, b11t only

...

Th~ a;:pantus vvhich is e:z:;;~o;·ed ~~t the Juring periods i)f ;vhich :1r~ short ;15 comp;:rcd

r<>ce!\·in~->tariotl. d~·scnLe:J !!1 g:.~ner;1! term~. \vith the ilik'rvals separatin~-~ them. In such 1:::J

co:1sists in the ,\)mLin:.~: ion of :t sturn~~ device in:-;t.mces ! rcsnrt to the u::e of <1 snecial dt•vice

\ ~

~1 ~

t",:)

itH::tak-d in;: l'irru!t cor.nec!it:~ pciilt.:; at,, dis-
lance fr.;m the soun·~ ,,r the <ii.<lurb,:c'" .md

~

_ het"'""" w11 ic ll a <!iff'"''Ll'e vf ''" tential "

w!i:c!1 I in:;ert in t!1e circ•.1it Le~·...-,:('!1 t!:e plates
alid lu mr.dense" !or the purpose of C.lnvey·

~

:

ing to each <;i ':: c •ermi•wls <>i tile 'at:"' clec·

~

i: i.-~~~--.~

685,955

trical charges of the proper quality and order

of succession to enable the required amount

of potential energy to be stored in the con-

denser.

5 There are a number of well-known devices, either without any moving parts or terminals

or with elements reciprocated or rotated by

the application of a suitable force, which offer

a more ready passage to impulses of one sign
1o or direction than to those of the other or per-

mit only impulses of one kind or order of suc-

cession to traverse a path, and any of these

or similar devices capable of fulfilling the

requirements may be used in carrying my

15 invention into practice. One such device of

familiar construction which will serve to con-

vey a dear understanding of this part of my

invention and enable a person skilled in the

art to apply the sarnf.! is illustrated in the an-

20 nexed dra,.vings. It consists of a cylinder A, of

insulating .material. which is moved at a uni-

form rate of speed by clockwork or other suit-

able motive power and is provided with l\-vo

metal

rings

B

B 1 ,

upon

which

bear

brushes

a

2:1

and

a 1 ,

which

are

connect·~d.

respectively,

in

the manner shown to th~ tenninal plates P and

P 1 ,

above

referred

to.

From

the

rings

B

B'

extend

narrov¥

metallic

segments

s

and

s 1 •

which by the rotation of the cylinder A are

10 brought alternately into contact with double

brushes

b

and

b 1 ,

carried

by

and

in

contact

with conducting-holder!> h and II', which are

adjustable longitudinally in tht.! metallic sup-

ports D and D 1 , as shown. The latter are con-

35 nected to the terminals T and T 1 of a con-

denser C. and it should be understood that

they arc capable of angular displacement as

ordinary brush-supports. Th~ ubj·~ct of 11sing

hvo brushes, as b and b 1 • in each of ~he hold-

40 ers h and II 1 is to vary at will the duration of

the electric contact of the pl;1tes P and P 1 with

the terminals T and T 1 , to which is connected

a receiving-drcu!t, including a receiver Rand

a device d of the kind above referred to, which

·13 performs the duty of c!osing th~ receiving-

circuit at predetermined intervals of tim~~ and

discharging the stored cneq.~y through the

receiver. in the present case this device con-

si~~s of a :.:ylin:!er m<1Je partly of condut:ting

:)() <1nd partly of insulat!ng m~terial e and e' .

n~~pertiv(~!y, which is rntated at the desired

rate of speed by any suit:1ble means. The cor.-

duc~ing part c is in ~!Jm.l electrical ~:unnt~~:tion

with tt-:e sha:t Sand is provided with tapering

:).; :;egm,~nts f f, upon which :-:lidl~!i <1 brush k,

sur)ported on a conducting-iod /, capable of

longitud!na! adjustment in a met~tllic support

m. Another bru:~h n is arran:~t~d to bear ue•.m ti:L' shaft S. ;ti&d it wi!! be se1~!1 that wht~!H:vcr

!:. 1 one of the segments f corr.es in l~o:1tad with

the brush /i. th(~ c:n.:uit inc!udins.: the recei';er R is corr.p!etcd and the condens~r disch~rged

ti:!'ou~h the s.1me. By an at!.justment of th~

speed of rotation of the cvlir!der d and a dist)j placement of th~ brush k- alung the cylinder

the circuit may be m<1de t\l tlpen a:Hi d·1se in

<ls rapid succession .1nd remain ope!1 or c!esed

during such intervals of time as may be de-

sired. The plates P and P 1 through which the

electrifications are conveyed to the brushes 70

a and a' may be at a considerable distance

from each other and both in the ground or

both in the air or one in the ground and the

other in the air, preferably at some height. or

they may be connected to conductors extend- 75

ing to some distance or to the terminals of any

kind of apparatus supplying eiectrical energy

which is obtained from the energy of the

impulses or disturbances transmitted from a

distance through the nataral mf•di.:l.

so

In illustration of the operation of the devices

described let it be assumed that alternating

electrical impulses from a distant ~enerator,

as G, are transmitted through the earth and

that it is desired to utilize these impulses in ~S

accordance with my method. This may be the

case, for example, when such a gener0.tor is

used for purposes of signaling in one of the

ways before enumerated, as by having its ter-

minals conneckd at two p~)ints of the earth ~lO

di!>tant from each other. In this case the plates

P and P 1 are first connected to t\•. ~) prtlperly-

sek~<.:ted points of the earth, the speed of rota-

tion of the cylinder A is varied until it is made

h) turn i!1 synchronism with the alternate ~JS

impulses of the generator, and. finally. the

position cf the brushes b and b 1 is adjusted

by angular displacement, as usual. or in other

ways, so that they an.• in contact with the

segments s and s' during the periods when the 1or)

impulses are at or near the maximum of their

intensity. Only ordinary electrical skill and

knm.vledge arc required to make these adjust-

:nents, and a number of devices for effecting

synchronous movement being \-\-'t.•ll known lll:l

and it being the chief object of my present

application to set forth a novel apparatus

embodying a general principle a detailed des-

cription of such devices is not considered

necessary. I may state, however, that for pnc- 110

tical purposes in the present Gist> it is only

necesSilry to shift the brushes bac!-\ and forth

until the maximum effect is secured. The

above requirements being fulfilled. electric<1l

charges of the same sign will be conv<>yed to 115

each of the condenser-terminals .1s the cv!in-

der A is rotated. and with each fre:;h impulse

the condenser will be charged to a hight•r

potential. The speed of rotation of the cyliud<~r

J being adjt:stabie at will, the en:...·rgy of .uw 1·2n

number ;>f separate impulses may !hl!s be

an·umulated in potential form and disd1argt~d

through the receiver R upon tile brush .~

coming in contact wit!l one of tt:e segments

f. It will b:! of course ur.der~tond th:;t thel:.:S

~_·apndty of the condenser shouiti :H• st:d~ ;\s

to a!h)w the stcrin~ of a iTit;c~ greatt~r amou;1t

~Jt energy than ;s required for the ordirlJ.U

operation of the receiver. Sinre bv this methcd a relatively great amount of en~r::sy ::nd in 1 i :;tl

,.?'!!. suitable for:r. may be made available :or th·:!
operation of a receiver, the intter need not I.Je
vory sensitive bm of cnurse ,:,cr. Ibe impulses

~

are very iee~k as wilen commg lr<:m a g'e~,~

~5'9!5more

~~.

distance or when it is desired to operate

ready passage to impulst·s of one sign

receiver very rapidty, than any of the well- or permits only impulses of tla~ same sign to

known devices capable of responding to very pass may also be used to perform this selec- 70

feeble influences may be used in this connec- live function in many cases when alternatinH

5 tion.

impubes are received. Wlh~n lhe impulses are

If instead of the alternating impulses short lnnJ and all of the same clin~ctiou. and even

impulses of the same direction are conveyed when they are alternating but sufficieutly long

. to the plates P and P', the appar<:.tus described in duration and sustained in electromotive 7S

may still readily be used. and for this purpose force. thl' bru:,IH~s b and h' may be adjusted
1o it is merely ne<:essary to shift the brush b a!ld so ::ts to beat on the parts 13 B 1 of the cylinder

b 1 into the position indicated by the dotted A. or the cylinder and its brushes may be

lin~s. while mc.intaining the same conditions omitt~d and the terminals of the conden:1er

in regard to synchroni~m as bdore. so that the ct:rmec!ed directly to the plates P anrl P'.

succeeding impulses wi!l be permHted to p:1~;s

It will b~ :).:·en that by the Wit' of my inv~~n-

15 i11tu the condenser, but prevented from return- tion results hitherto unatt.1in;:ble in utilizi11~~

ing to the ground or transmitting medium dur- disturbances or efft•cts transmitted through

ing the intervals between ihcm, 0\'ling to tllc natural media may be re<!dily attained. since

inh"'rruption during such intervals of the con- however great the distance of such transmis- BS

nections leading from the condenser-terrninnls ~io11 aad how•·vpr feeble or att('ll\J:Jtcd the

~0 to the plates.

impulses re<.:cived enough energy m;1y I><~ ac-

Another way of using the apparatus with cumulated from them by storing up the enc·rgy

impulses of the same direction is the take off of succeeding impulses for a sufficient inter-
one pair of brushes. as b, disconnect the plate v;d of time to render the sudden liberation of so

P irom brush a and join it directly to the ter- il highly effective in operating a receiver. In

2S minal T of the cor.dt'nscr, and to connect this way re~eivers of a variety of forms may

brush

a

with

brush

a 1 •

\Vhen

thus

modified.

b·~ made to respond effectively to impulses too

the apparatus appears i!S shown in Fig. 2. feeble to he d1~tected or to be mach• to pro-

Operated in this manner and assumin:~ the duce any sensible effect in any otlwr \·vay uf !>:")

spet.'d of rotation of cylinder A to be the same, whkh I am awnre-a result of great value in
:iO the apparatus will now be evidently adapted scientific re:;earch as well as in various appli-

for a number of impulses per unit af time twice cations to practical w-:e.

as gre.Jt as in the preceding case. In all cases \V'hat I claim as n1v invention. <Jnd desin~ tu

it is evidently important to adjust the duration S!~cure by Letters P~atent. is-

1iiO

of contact of segrnents s and s 1 with brushes

1. In an apparatu:; for LAtilizing electrical

:~:) b b' in the ma!lner indicated.

effects or disturbances transmitted through the

V/hPn the apparatus I h<lVe de~cribed is used natural media, the combination with a source

in connection with the tr;Jr.smission of signals of such effects or disturbances of a char~;ing-
or i1~tdligence, it will of cnurse be understoiJd circuit adarted io be energized by tlH~ action.! ,;s

t!Jat the tr~ln~mittt.:·r is operiltt>d !s such a way of such effects or Ji~turbances, a stora~~e

.ttl as to produre disturbances or dfects which a!·e dL•vke inclucL:~d in the charging-circuit and

varied or intermitted in som~ arbitrary man- adapted to h<' charged thereby, a rt>ceiver, and

1wr - for example, to prmluce lon~er and llll':Hl:O for CiHlsing tiH~ receiver to be operate<]

shorter succl•s::;inns uf impub·s. cerr~·sponding by the erwrgy accumul«kd in :h<' stor«gl' 1:n

!n the dashes and dots of tlw ~lor!-:l' alphabet device c!! ~Hbitrary interva~s of timt~.

-1:> - <md the n~~civing device ·..v!ll rcspOlit~ tD a!ld substantL:diy ~~s dt•::;nili(•wd.

i:Hlk;lie tlws~ var!.Hion:; or :nL-rmittt>!~tTS,

2. !1' ;~n app:1r;~tus for utiiizi~>~ t~iectrical d-

"inn.. t!1e stora~t: dPvin• will 1:-t' t'!i<lL..:t•d :u1d kds or .:li:,t~trLiiin:s lransi!littl'd tl:ro!rgi: tlw (bd:,)r;4ed a ~~~mll;~·r of tim,'S c';rn:~;p:mdin;..: i·.<;tur:d n1etila. £1":1' npr:l;)itDt!cn With;: ::ourn~ i 1:i

t•.l th,~ dur:~ti,)!1 ot tl:;;; Si!:.·;_··-':;si:Jc:; (;f !mpul:;,_·s or Sl1t·;~ dkrts nr r~!:>,tl!rbant:t~S 'II a dl.ll"~ill!~-

~\) tt'\·eived.

cirn!it :H.~.;plcd :o iit~ P,l•·rgiz~ti ;>y iiw actioi1

f'bvj()!!Siy ti~t· ~.pt·, :<t' ;q)!'lt.li~<": ·; li.-,c·~~ ill ~•i sud: ~'!f-..'<:ls .~.- r!i·;t;:rh<Lit.:e::;, as!, •Llll,t: tk-

,·;H·r~.II!g ou: my inve!lt:: .rt m.ly L•.• \'ari~·d in ·;it:e !!lclude:i i1: ! he- c!12rging-drcnit and

tn::ny ·xays ~vit!wut c~:>;~;:rti::g tr1•;11 the ·:pin~ ;td;q>ted ;o ik !'!·:\:g.·J tiwreLy. me;:ns for 1:2,1

· i tl~..; sam\:!.

,·or;li.tu!:!Ln,.z d'r\'t"tin~~ or :>L·kl"lin!~ lh'' c:ur-

lt iS t1) be ohst•rvcd t!l::t !t !s ~~!t' lt!::~·::::11 J)! fl'llt :;njmL,.;~s ii1 t;::~ ~·iiar~i;lg-•·iri:uit. :1 n·n·i·

Ill<' cy~ind~r ..-\. \vith ii!i iJruslws .tiLl t (llll:tc· \ ing-cir\-iii .. :111d nH~:ILS for di.-;ch<tr~ir:~~ tlw

tl•J!J'\ !!) n•ndt:r ~he t•!n:~r!ca! illl!'ll::,(':; (·om:ng :~:or<i;.;~.~ tk•vic~ tll;ou:.,:ll the rl~~·,•i·v·i;q.~-.:·irr:u;t.

lr!L-;1 the pbtes P iHll! P · :;ui:abi~, 1(> 1" c:1ar:~- .;·Jbst«ntifl!iy a:~ <;,·:;cr:hPd.

1·~.)

~!1!-i :11~ condenser {a:;:;u.nin1~ t~1er~i ~o 1 );~ L!l:-

:L i;1 :111 ;lpp;:r.:tt;s i(;r <.:~!iiz!n:~ e\·ctncal f.:r-

!:\! :5t:it::ttJ!e for thi:> purpos·~ i·. ti:l' ;nrm i;1 ·.v::!ctt ;,·~·ts nr. !ist;:rin;w:..•s tr;,nsmitlt'..! t!:r. n:~~i: t1w

tl:'-'Y "J!";:' re~:ei·.·ed) by n·r':fy~r!:~ tllt~l:l wrk:l :l.ttural i~1t'd:.1. t~IL' cona,~t:latic.1 with ! sourc''

~!lt'Y ar:..~ o:-i~~innll~· a!tern::tm:~ ::1 ;;:!·ccti!lll m nt ~:u;h eff,'ct.; 111 dis:n!!);':nl r_·~ "i ·I c~~<lq;n~~-

!)y ~,~..·!·~cting ::t:ch par::; of :11,_~!4! .l:-> ;1r...: ·~uitable wlier. <:II are not. and ilil\. )rh··· fi,__.v:ce p(·r· ,,) f,:rm::.~~ t:'iis fu!!ction ·.-;ill oi)'."!:rt!sl~: :·ns'.v•'r t!.t' p;;;-r~o:)e. 1: !s :·!so f'\'il!!·::t !;ut a d:·-..:ic:•
sue h ,,; i h~ >e air.:ad:; :·+·:red ;,; .., :lie:: ,,[iers

,p_ circuit -td:.p'(~d ;:> b-- l'!i~r~i.:~~·.! !Jy thP ;1.·ti1Fl !:'il
nf :;tw!t l'!!l'~·ts or di:-.tt;r~):llh't>:-:. ;: l'Olll~t'!l!ii':'" il!llut:t'd inti:·~ c:i:lr~;i!l~-~.·ircu:t ~lid adapk•i

!•• l>r· 1 har~t·ti ':w;·:'l~v. ~11\'illlS fnr ("Otllli1~Jt:ll- ~

ing, dii,..':l!~l~ or ··t·i. •ci:ilg tb• n,, n•:tt i:np•;!'~'

, ~

.

~ D;ii

iiiiiiiiiliiliiiiil

6C5,955

in the charging-circuit, a receiving-circuit, and
means for discharging the condenser through the receiving-circuit, substantially as described. 5 4. In an apparatus for utilizing electrical effects or c!isturbam:es transmitted through the natural media, the combination with a source of such effects or disturbances of a chargingcircuit adapted to be energized by the action 10 of such effects or disturbances, a storage de-
vice included in the charging-circuit and adapted to be charged thereby, means for commutating, directing or selecting the current impulses in the charging-circuit so as to 15 render them suitable for charging the storage
device, a receiving-circuit, and means for dis-
charging the storage device thorugh the receiving-circuit, substantially as described.
5. In an apparatus for utilizing electrical ef-
20 fects or disturbances transmitted through the
natural media, the combination with a source of such effects or distrubances of an charging-
circuit adapted to be energized by the action of such effects or disturbances, a condenser
25 included in the charging-circui! and adapted to be charged thereby, means for commu-
tating, directing or selecting the current impulses in the charging-circuit so as to render
them suitable for charging tht• coruh~nser, a 30 receiving-circuit. and means for dicharging the
condenser tht)rugh the receiving-drcuit. substanti~lly as described.
f). In an apparatus for utilizing eledrical ef-
fects or disturbam:es transmitkd through the :\:) natural media. the combinati.on with a somce
of such effects or disturbances of a c!l<irgin;.tcircuit at!apted to be energizeJ by I lu~ action
of such effects or disturhancf's, a storage device included in the charging-<:ircuit and ·10 adapted to be chargt:::d ther<.•by. mt'<HlS for <:oinruutating. dirL•cting or sdl•ct!ng tht.• curn~nt impulses in the chargin1~-drcuit so as to render them suitable for charging the storagt> device, a receiving-drcuit. and means for dis-
·l.1 charging the storage devicr• through the ren~iving-circuit at ;1rbitrary intervals of time, substantial!v as described.
7. ln an ailparatw; for u:ilizing ekctricai ei-
f{:·cts or dist:trb:!ne<~s transmitted to a Jist<1nt i!J n·ceivin~-sta::on. !!h~ comhi!1ation \'v"ith a
source of snch dfects or cisturb<mces nf a circuit di~;tant from the source and adapted to have ct!rrent impulses set up in it by the acLon of the effects or di~iurhances. a storagt· device. :>.> mt•ar.s for commutating, diredi:1g nr ::pledit~!-{ the impubes il!ld C()lllH:·t:ting the circuit \vitll the stora~~p devi<"l.~ at SUlTeedin~~ m~ervals of time ~yn•..:hroi1izing w!th the impulses. a rt'Cl'iving-circuit. and means for periodically fill dischan;ing the :::ior<~ge devi,·:· tl!rCJug!l the n•c<'iving-circuit. Silb.s!an~:ally <lS dt.•snibt>d.
K. In an appar<!tw; for utilizi!l~ t·lectricJ.! efk:·•s or <!i:.;turbanc(~!-: tran::mitkd 1\) Z"l. :~is~ant rt~ceiving-station. the cot~JIJir~atior'! \Vith a ti:l soun:~ t;f 'itl!"h l'ffPcts or disturb;lr~•·<•s oi a circ11it dista!lt frr~rn the S()Urce and .l~ilpted to haq~ t'lrn•:1t irnpulsvs set 11p in it b~· ~!Je ac:ioll

of the effects or disturbances, a condenser

menns for 'commutating. directing or selecting

the impulses and connecting the circuit with

the condenser at succeeding intervals of time

synchronizing with the impulses, a receiving-

~ircuit, and means for periodically discharging

the condenser through the receiving-circuit.

substantially as described.

75

· 9. In an apparatus for utilizing electrical ef-

fects or disturbances transmitted through the

natural media, the combination with a source

of such effects or disturbances of a circuit

connecting points at a distance from the RO

source between which a difference of poten-

tial is created bv such effects or disturbances.

a storage dt!vic.e included in such circuit and

adapted to be d.~rged with the energy sup-

plied by the same, a receiving-circuit con- 85

nected with the storage device, a receiver in-

cluded in such receiving-drcuit. and means for

closing the rece;ving-drcuit and tllcrt.>by

causing the re\.:eiver to be operated by the

energy accumul:lted in the storage device. !10

substantially as described.

10. In an npparatus for utilizing electrical

effects or disturbar,ces transmitted through the

natural media, the combinaiion with a source

of such effects or disturbances of a circuit at ~!:>

a distance from the source which is e1wrgized

by such effects \>r disturban.-:-es. a storage

device adapted to be chargt.•d with the c!wrgy

supplied by such circuit. me~ns for connecting

the storage device with the said circuit ~or l Ol:

periods of time predetermim:d as to successi!ll~

and duration, •' receiving-drruit <:ollnt><:!t:d

with the storap· uevin•. " r;.•ceiver inr!udt•d

in such recei;:ing-drcuit. and Inl'ans for dusing

the recei\'ir::~·cin:uit and therein· cau~;inl~ th''.itl:; receiver to. be oper<:t<~d hy · the ~~r;ergy

accumuiated in tlw :o-;tor;lgc· dt:•vicc.

substanticlllV as described. 11. In an ~apparatus ior utilizing Plt·ctrical

effects or disturb~nces transmiaed throu~h li 1e 111:

natural media. t:1e combination of a cirniil

connecting poi:1:: at a distance irom the

sourn~ t~t>twc•t>n '.VIlich ;\ differ~~nn• of P' lkll·

tbl is creakd bv such effects or dist•Jrb«nt:...·s. a storage devic-~· included in such circuit and 1! :; adapted to be cr,;·,rg'ed with tht~ energy sup-

plit>d by the ~~me. a receivin~·drcuit. a

receiver indu~t~d in such circ1it. and nwar;s

for connt>c~ing the receiving-circuit \vitll ti!t..'

storage de,.: icc- fur p.:·riod~ of tim~ pr(~t:<~kr- L' l

mined a:-; t:; ~:u:c~s~;ioii a;1d dur;!tir:n ;u!d

thl'rehy causin~; tilt' rt-ct~in·r :o l>t• opt'nll-d

hy tile energy iH.:ct.llntJiatt..:(! !n tht· :,ttll"<lg,:

dt•vice. subst;1l!ti.:liv ~1s cksnil~l'(l. I~. ln an a~; paratus ft;r utiL~::;~~ e!ec~ri:.::.li; ~:)

effects or disturbances tr;msmii:t•r.l :.hnnt~il tl.':

natural nH:dia. ~h~ combii1:1ti1li1 ,:[ ;1 c;t nti~

connt>ctiw~ pnir.ts at a dist:UH"l' fn'lll the

source bdw•.:t..•fl ·.-.11ich a differ...'Il<"~ •if r~ott·~~-

tia! is 1·reated !~y Sth h effP<:ts j >r disturiJarH·t.·s .. ·~!,

a storage de•:ice ;Hl<lpted (r) l:'P c:lil:·'-WCl .vi!~l

the l'llt>rgy !;tlp;:·iil'd by sut:i; ~ u·c•tit ~r;r s::c-

ceecling and preJetermiz:et.i rwriou.s oi time.

a n n·i\ ir;.;.;.c:r:~::ir. .1 rr.>n•i•;t'r inc!t1<.!1·d in t:it'

6

685,955

n'cdving-cirruit. and means for connecting
the receiving-circuit with the storage device for periods of time predetermined as to succession and duration and thereby causing the re-
5 ceiver to be operated by the energy accumulated in the storage device, substantiaEy as described.
13. In an apparatus for utilizing electrical effects or di$turbances tran:;mitted through the
10 natural media, the combination of a circuit ~:onnecting points at n distance from the source, between which a difference of potential is created bv such effects or disturbances. a ,,ondenser induded in such circuit and adapt-
!5 ed to be charged by the current in the same, a n'ceivin~·circuit conn~cted with the condenser, a receiver incluli~d in such receiving. circuit. and a dPvke adapted to close the rect>iving-circuit at arbitrary intervals of time
:!O and tlwreby c~HIS(' the receiver to be operated
by the electrical energy accumulated in the C(lndenser, substantially as described.
14. In an apparatus for utilizing electrical effects or disturbances tran:Smitted through the
:!5 natural media, the combination of a charg-
ing-circuit distant from the source and energized by the effects or disturbances. a storage dl·vice included in the charging-drcuit, means included in the chargin~-circuit and acting in
:w synchronism with the impulses therein for
cmnmutating. directin~ or sclcctin~ the impulses, a rt~ct.·iving-circuit and means for periodically dischargin~ the storage device thorugli the receiving-ctrcuit. subst<mtially as
:IS dc•snihed. 1S. In an apparatus for utilizing dectrical
dft·cts or distur:);\lln's tr;m:;mitted thro11gh the natt:r.tlmedia. the c~>mbin;l!ion of a chargingc!r,·tlit disLH:t from the source and energizt>d -Ill by tl:t; df":ds or distur!:ances, a condense: iJ:l'!ll!!t·d !n t!H· ,_·ilargin~~-circuit. means [n,·i,!d~·d in Ill!' dur~(i!1g-i·ir·:u:~ .md acting in
sylldlronism with the impulse:; therein ror con;rnutatin~. direetin;.{ or s<•!e~ting the ·i:-1 impu!st~s. a n·, ~~iving-circui! and nH.•ans for JWriodicall:; discharging the c~>ndenser through the n~~eiving-circ:JiL ~ubstantialiy as dt•snii)ed.
! li. In an apparatus for transmit tin~ signals .)II or inklli~enn• thnugll the n:1tur:tl :nc•dia from
a :;ending-st:tti,Jll to :l t!i::;tant point. the cumhiiiaLt~n , ,f ,, ~4t•rwr:ltor o:· ~ra:!smitter ;tdapted 111 pr•n!un• .trtHt:-:t!":!y •:arit~d or intermitted

electrical disturbances or effects in the natural media, a charging-circuit at the distant point adapted to receive corresponding electrical 55 impulses or effects from the disturbances or effects so produced, a storage device included in the charging-circuit means included in the charging-circuit and acting in synchronism with the impulses therein for commutating. fiO directing or selecting the impulses so as to render them suitable for charging the storage device, a receiving-circuit. substantially as
described. 17. In an apparatus for transmitting signals 65
or intelligence through the natural media from a sending-station to a distant point, the combination of a generator or trnnsmitter adapted to produce arbitrarily varied or intermitted electrical disturbances or effects in the natu- 70 ral metlia. a charging-circuit at ttli:! distant point adapted to receive corresponding electrical impulses or effects from the disturbances or effect5 so produced, a condenser included in tht~ charging-circuit, means included in the IS charging-circuit and adi11g in synchronism ,..,·ith the impulses therein for commutating, directing or selecting the impulses so as to render them suitable for ch.1rging the condenser, a receiving-circuit and means for periodi- HO ' cnlly discharging the condenser through the receiving-circuit. substantially as described.
IH. In an apparatus for tr~msmitting si;~nals or intelligence through the natural media from a sending-station to a d;stant point. the com- }S5 bination of a generator or transmitter adapted to produce arbitrarily varied or intermitted
ckctrical disturbances or effects in the natural media, a circuit at the distant point adapted to ;eceive corre~;pontling electrical impulses ~HJ or disturbances from the disturbar.ces or eff'~cts so trarismittetl. il ~tora~e device indudz_•d in such cirptit and ad:tpled to lw cha n~t'd t! ten•l;y. a ri.:cPi"!i n~~ -('! ;·,·t; ;1 c1 .r: r:: ~c, · ·d wttil the :)tora;.;~.: device. a recci·:er indmh~d ~;:~ in the r~n~ivin;.{-circuit and a device for closing the receiving-circuit at arbitrary intervals (Jf time and then·~JY causing the receiver to be operated by the energy <tccumuiatetl in the stora~e de\' ice. sabstantiail y as (!t·scrii)!·d. 1' ·•

~IKOL\ TE:--:1 .• \.

Witnesses:
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H. 8HO£MAKER. WIIIILIII fELEiiAPHY.
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.UNITED STATES pAl'~N1: 0FF1CE,

HARRY SIIOEMAK~~R, Ol., Pllii.~ADELt•niA; i,ENNSt1JVANtA; 'AssiGNOR to
:1\IARI~~ Y. GEHRING AND A~IEtttuA:N 'Vttt~fJESS ~Et.~EPHONE ANtJ
'rEI.~KGRAPII COliPANY, OF PIIIT.~ADET..PillA. 111£NNSYt~VA"NtA.
WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 714,246, dated November 215, 1902.

ApplicAtion filed October 25, 1901. Serial No. 79,959, (}lo model.)

To all whonb it 11Ul·l/ rmtcl'rn:

I Tho transmitting nppnratus consists or tho

De it known that I, IIARUY SHOE:\IAKEH., a n.lt.ernutor 1, to whi('h is conne('tefl the pri-

citizen of the Unitell States, residing at Philn- mary or tho transformer 2, n key 3 bein$r ern·

delphia, in the county of I>hiladelphin. and ployNl to control the current through tho

5 State of Pennsylvania, haYe invented c~rtain wia·eM connecting tho two. Connected to tlw 55

new and useful Improvement~ iri 'Yirelcss secoud11.1'Y poHts 4 of the transformer are re-

Telegrapby,of which the following isaspcci- spectively tho ground-wire 5 and tho \Viro f.i,

fication.

to which iH Cut·ther connected the condense•·

'fhis invention relates to impt'o\·cmcnts in i, lun:in~: the wire 8 connecting it to tho

10 wireless telegraphy, null has spocialt·eferenco gt·onml ut ~·. IC it Hhonld he dnsired, an nil· 6o

to an apparatus in which static induction i~ connection may he omployod ancl is plncetl 1\!'4

used for operating the receiver.

shown in Fig. 4.

Another object of my in\·ention is to tlis· . The receiving apparatus consi:its of tho

pense with the Hertz oscillators now so gen- gr·ound 11, to wbich is connected tho wire 1:!,

15 erally used anll also the imperfect olcctl'ical which is connected to tho batteries 13, a wiro 6~

contact or coherer.

1·1:\ ('onnccting theMe b1~tterieH to the cup 1·1,

Another object of my invention is the pt·o· which d"mp!i n.nd holtlM tho ferrotype-dia-

vision of a system which employs two griJltntl phr·Rgml5 in place. Hccnt·cd to thi!i cnp is the

connections at each Mtation,although a ground rnuuet· cnp Hi. Tho wi:-o is nhm conncctctl to

10 and an air wire may be employed, if so de- tho diaphragm.

70

sired.

1\[onntcll upon tho posts 17 is tho strip IS

Another objert of my iuvent.ion is the lli'O· nf mica o1· any resilient insulation mnteriaJ.

viRion of a system which is easily tuned, so It i:-i so mounted aM to uo Cree to vibt·nto nt n

or that any number of apparatus may be oper- cet·tain tmriod or pitch, depending upon itl'4
25 ated at the same time without in nny way length. C1U'ricd by this strill hy means n 75

affecting the other.

post l!J is n metal IJIILto ot· diHk 20, \vhich iM

Another object of my invention iH the pro- also fr·cu to \'iut·nto with !"n.ld Mtl'ip. Connect-

vision of a trn.nsmitting appm·atus in which l'tl to thn Kt.l'ip amtl also with tho post 1!J hy

so is employed an alternatot· and n. lt·nmJrormet· means or n wiro 21 is n Mpring-pointet· :!:!, which cause vibrationM to pass through tho which i!i connectctlto a Jm!it :!:.J, HO ns to hn.vo a So

earth or air to the receiYing apparatus, which :-\light sJn·inA motion, nml upon it:-~ Ct·eo eml i~

is provided \vith means which m·o positively cal'l'it.•cl tho tlouhht·hmulctl contact-point :!l,

operated to offect a relay and suuntlet·, thn:-~ which is ntlaptetl to always l'41i:,:htJy contact

dispensing with the 1lert1. oscilln.tm· :mel t-ho onu of tho points :!.i nr :!tj, whit•h, with tlw

35 coherer.

wil'l'~ :!7, hnttl•t·y :!:-i, l't!lay :!~t, wil·o :10, arul Rs

To attain the tlcsh·ell objeetM, tho in \'·en tion poi n tet·, mnkc a t•ircu it. .\n adjust in;.:·sl·t·ew

consists of n system of wireless telegraphy :>I is used to \·ar·y the IH'l'~suro of tho :4pl'inr:·

embodying noYel fcatm·c~ of constntction antl poi ult.•a·. ~;:.! i:-1 a nun- hultu.·t ivo t't"sistauce

COmbination Of. parts, SllUSt.aut.ialJy a~ tlis- whil'lt takl'S lip ~e)f.intlUctallCO o(' the l't•lay.

40 closed herein.

The al'lnatut·o :J;J l'untt·uls tlw sounUl'l' :;& 90

In tho drawings, Fi~ure 1 b a tlia~r·am- t.h:·ough its eircuit ;J.i as t•unlact at. :;li nntl :;;

matical view of tho entire system. Fig. :! is , i:-~ made. .\ gt·uuntl-wit'l' ;;~ is cunnectctl \t)

I a sectional view of the t•ccciving llll'iLlts, atlll 1 the po:o;t 1:1, and, ifdesit'l'd, an ait·-wit'L':;:tmay
Fig. 3 is a uottom plan YiO\\~. thot·euf. Fi~. ·I be Plllployetl. 45 is a diagrammaticnl \"icw u( tho entire sys- Fl'um the fure~oiu~ dt•sel'iptiuu, taken iu 95

tem using n grouml and au ait· cotHluctor at i ('uuucctiun with tho dt'll\\'ill~~, the upt•ration

t'ach station.

is l'L'atlily u ndl't·~toml; but, hl'iL•Ily stat l'tl, it i~

Referring to the dt·awings, A tlesignatcs a~ follows: .As the source of clectl'icity hen• the transmittin~ appat·atus, ar11l g t.ho rceC'i Y- ctnl'loyctl is an alternator, tho same is eou-

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'rent

from

Jlowlng

I
through

the

primary

of

the

wlr88 ln the transmitter and to prevent A

·~·'.transformer. When the key is pressed, the abort circuit.

'; ~~·:.·. olrcult Is c108ed and the primary or the trAD8• What l olalm 11 new f8-

·. '. . former la energized. thli «!atiator. IUt &1t8r• 1. lttltdlftlli)'IWtu, I tt&ti~UiltWt, which ft;

~ . 5 natlng potential at the grotittds, '.rhts aieHds : out electrostatic waves at the gl'oUHdt thea@
waves being radiated ovei' the· surt~ae of tb~ . ·earth In mach the same manner.*'& tipples itt
· a pond wh~n a stone is thrown thereiii=thi~
10 is, it varies t.he potential at dltterent points ·tn ita path. When these waves reach the re·

t!uwpt1se8 1 18D8t'lt6f 6l 1tuutuattug pot.@ti.i tt!lt~~ t!UHH~«!lhJD8 lrmu ~atd ftt88ti~ td 118111'-i
1'8~d @lt'th•pl&t@8 'h.t'OUgh A Ottt't'@Ut Ot' ld.i
s. u~ttt!•IH8rgr t'@8tr&hUttg tttlltis•
A tt'lfiiffiittlf wht(Sh 6omvri~s iDeaus ;; fot' g8bttl'ltlHI hllh~pijt@titill ftuctti~ttitjg en• ~rgy. coututotlon& from ~atd ttuuuHJ to sepa·

celver, a change of potential la caused at the rated earth·plAtes through a current or kf...

i~~~lver's grounds, causing variations of po- netic-energy restratninp: means, whereby elec-

tentlnl between 16 and 20, thns causing the trostatic energy of high potential is im- ~o

15 plate 20 to vibrate the pointer. The relay is pressed upon the t'arth.

now energized, as the pointa have made a posi- 3. A transmittei-.which comprises a source

tive contact, and thus the recorder-circuit is of fluctuating electrical energy, a primary o!

operated and a signal transmitted and re- a trao!former in tho circuit of said source, a

ceived. With this system it is poBSible to means for controlling the energy in accord- 85

10 operate a great number of transmitting and ance with the signal to be sent, and connec-

receiving apparatus without interference, as tions from I the secondary of said transformer

the plate 20 bas a certain natural period of to separated earth-plates through a current

vibration. If these impulses are sent In the or kinetic-energy restraining device, whereby

same period as the natural period of the strip, electrostatic energy of high potential is im· go

.25 the plate carried thereby will (ret ita maxi- pressed upon the earth•

mum swing, hence will record t be characters 4. A transmitter which comprises means

sent. Should the periods of the transformer for generating fluctuating potential differ·

not be the same as the strip, it will not get ences, connections for said means to sepa·

ita maximum swing, but may be affected to rated earth-plates and a condenser between 95

,so a certain extent, which would not be enough said generating means and one of the earth-

to record the characters. The transformer plates and means for modifying the 1luctuat·

which fnrnishes the varying potential shoulJ ing potentials in accordance to the signal to

have the same period as the strip.

be sent.

I would have it understood that in place of 6. A transmitter which comprises a source xo"

35 the transformer and the alternator I may em- of fluctuating electrical energy, a primary of

ploy an Induction-coil and a battery, an ordi- a transformer in the circuit of said source, a

nary break being used with the coil and being means for controlling the energy in accord-

run at the same period as the diaphragm of the ance with the signal to be sent and connec-

~eiver. This furnishes a varying potential tions from the secondary of said transformer 105

40 and will operate equally as well.

to separated earth-plates through a condenser,

The condenser in the transmitter is em- whereby electrostatic energy of high poten-

ployed for the pnrpose of keeping the poten- tial is impressed upon the earth.

tial up, as it bas enough dielectric to raise the G. In a signal system the combination of a

potential very high, and also giving two nega- transmitter which comprises a generator of uo

45 tive grounds instend of one.

fluctuating potentials, and connections from

The battery of the receiver is of very high said generator to separated earth - plates

potential, being about one thousand volts, through an energY!·restraining means; anu a

this being done to keep the diaphragm under receiver which comprises a plurality of plate!

a static field, thus making the same more sen- in inductive relation, means for permanently r15
so sitivein thesamemannerasthecommon mag- charging the plates, and a local circuit con-

netic field in magneto-telephones makeR them trolled by said plates.

more sensitive.

7. In a signal system, the combination of a

In the apparatus an air-wire may be em· transmitter, which comprises means for gen·

ployed and if used assumes the relative posi· erating fluctuating potential differences, con- 120

55 tiou aa shown in Fig. 4.

nections for said means to separated earth·

I have found by experimenting that the plateR, and means !or modifying the tlnctuat-

groands of t.he transmitter and receiver ing potentials in accordance with the signal

Mhould be substantially the same distance to be sent; and a receiver, which comprises

apart-~ay from twenty to thirty Ceet-and a plurality of plates in ,inductive relation, 125

Go also that the distance between the parts 15 means for permanently char~ing the plates,

and 20 should not be over one-eighth to one- and a local circuit controlled by said plates.

fourth of an inch, the best results being ob- 8. In a signal system, the combination of a

tained when the enumerated parts are sub- transmitter, which comprises means for gen-

Htantlallythe distance apart as I have herein erating high-potential fluctuating energy,con· I 30

u5 stated. The purpose of the condenser 7 is to
~ restrict the amount of current through the

nections from said means to separated earth· plates throngh an energy-restraining mean,s,

.

. ~

~ ~~~;;;~~~~~-----'

"Jl.w.J · · ·

~1~~J~reb \li.~ea;tbl!tl il ~l!t.it~l !i lllill~lii.IH8d ':I'J/~kr'.J:;· ·< .. '

., .· fi4Jll4a

~k-:1;:'

at

.'.
wideft-dtf

ferent

~~~tli\ts.;

ill'i! tttid

~.l'~~~~v~f'J

fhtt!luatiHi! VHt~Htint~~ tutd ~mut~~timHi lttJiti lillid g~Htif4td6t' ttl 8@VIltlit@t1 81ift11 ~ tdlt~fl

~t:··~.,·}~: whtohcomprisesll11tuti11tyutvt~t~~ IH tudu~t~ thfa~gh IH 8fl@flf=f8sffliiHiHI ~l!li11~i ltid 8 f8

~:~Y}lve relation, menns for pertnanettt.ly CjtUU'tf• =r~·.--· 5 ing the· plates, and a local clrcutt controtted

ot t'f!~a1Vat'1 whttllt e!UU1Vt'is~9 dVl1d9Jtig p1~&W91 ~
htglt-pot~utlnl tte1Ur(!U tJUUt'lfY (!OtttttJ(Jt~d to

;_ : ~ by said plates.

enhl plates through an earth·clrcult to per·

. . · 9. In ·a signal system, the combination of a manently charge the same, nntla circuit-con-

transJDltter, which comprises a source of flue- trolling menns operated by the reaction be· 75
. tnating electrical energy,a primary of a trans· tween said plates upon tbe reception ot a

to former In the circuit of said source, a means signal.

·

for controlling the energy in accordRnce with 15. In a signalsystem,the combination of a

t~e signal sent, and connections from the sec- transmitter, which compriMes a generator of

ondary of said transformer to separated earth· fluctuating potentials, and connections from So

plateti through nn energy-restraining clevlce, saicl generator to separated earth - plateR

15 whereby said earth-plates are maintained at throngh an flnergy-restraining means, and a

widely-different potentials; and a receiver, receive•·, which comprises plates in Inductive

wbichcomprisesapluralityof plates in imluct· relation to euch other, means for normally

ive relation, means for permanently charg· chargi11g said plates to a high potential, 85

ing the plates, and a local circuit controlled means controlling a local signal-circuit oper-

:zo by said plates.

·

· ated upon f111ctuations of charge on saicl

10. Inasignalsystem, the combination of a plates due to received signal energy.

transmitter which comprises a ~enerator of 10. In a signal system,the combination of a

fluctuating potentials, an<l connections from t•·ansmitter, which comprises a generator of 90

Raid generator to separate<! earth • plates fluctuating potentials, and connect.ions from

2; -through an energy-restraining means; and a said generator to sep1u·ate<l earth • plates

receiver, which comprises a plurality of plate~ through an ener·~y-restraiuing means; and

in inductive relation, and a source of high- a receiver, which comprises a plurality of

potential energy in connection with oppmdng plates in inductive relation, batteries of high 95

plates through an earth-circuit.

potential permanently c1uuging the plates,

30 ·11. In a signal system, the combination of a aml· a local circuit controlled by said plates.

transmitter, which comprises means for gen- 17. In a signal system, the combination of a

erating fluctuating potential differences, con- tran~mitter, which comprise!\ a generator of

nections for said means to separated earth· fluctuating potentials, ancl connections from teo

plates, and means for modifyi~g the flnctuat- said gen('rn.t.ot· to separated earth - plates

35 ing potentials in accordance with the signal through an ener~ry-restraining means; and

to be sent; and a receiver, which comprises n a receiver, which comprises n plurality of

plurality of plates in inductive reh\tion, anu plates in imluctivo relation, a battery of high-

a source or high-potential ene1·gy in connec- potential energy in connection with opposing tos

tion with oppo~ing plates through an earth- plates tlll'ough 11.11 earth-eircuit.

40 circuit..

18. In a signal system, the combination of a

12. Ina signal system, the combination of a trausmittet·, which comprisos n. generator of

transmitter which comprises means for gen- fluctuating potential, and connections from

erating hi·gh·potential fluctuating energy,con· said ~euet·ator to separate'I earth - plates J 10

nections from said means to separated earth- through an energy-restraining means; n.nd a

45 plates through an energy-rcst1·uining- means, rocei\•ct· which compri~es opposing plates, n.

wherebytheea1·th connections m·e mn.intn ineu battery of high potential t•onnccte<l to sniu

. nt widely-different lJOtentials; and a rcceh·m·, plates through an earth- circuit to perma-
Is which comprises a- plurality of plates in in- nently charge the M~uno, and a drcuit-cont.rol- J

ductive relation, and a source of high-potcn- ling means ope1·atQU. uy the reaction uct,vecn

so tial energy in connection with opposing plates saicl plates upon the l'eception of a signal.

throuJih an earth-circuit.

l !I. In a signal system, the combination of a

13. In a signal system, the combination of a transmittet·, which comprises a ~enorntm· of

transmitter which cornpri~esa source of fluc- lluetnatin~ potential, ancl connection~ from 120

tuating electrical energy, a primary of at rans- snhl genemtot· to separated eat'th - plateM

SS former in th~ circuit of said Mona·ce, a means throuJ.rh an enea·~y-restr·ainin~ menus; and a tor contl·olllug the ener·~y in accordance with l'cceiYm·, which compr·ise:i plat~s in inductive the !'lgnal sent, ancl connection~ lr·om the sec- relation to Pnch othe•·, a battery for IIOl'llll\lly

ondary of said trunsfor·mer to sepnl'nted earthplates through an ener~y-restrain in:,: de\·ico, 6o whereby said earth-plntes nt·~ maintninmlnt wtdely-dltl'erent poten~ial~; nnd a rect~in'!t' which comprises a plurality oC plate~ in in-

chiU'J.dng- said plates to a. high pot('ntial, nn(l 125 means controlling a localHignal-circnit opcratc'l UJHHl fluctuation~ and chnr~n on :inid platt!M llno to receive•l ~i;.mal enoa·gy.
In te~timony whorcor I amx my Mignature

ductive relation, and a source of high-polon· in pn~Sl'IH'O of tWO WitJH~HHe~.

tlal energy In connection with the oppmtiug-

IL\I:I{Y ~IIOE~L\1\EH.

65 plates through an earth-circuit.

\\.. itnossc!~:

~

14. Ina,sfgnalsystem, the combination or n

,J. N. FonT, .Ja·.,

~transmitter, whlcla comprises n gonorntor of

('ItA:-\, .1. FoHJ.:.\1.\ :-.;.

(~~;l~~!1!~~~;;,;:~~~~~'?}''~~;:}{'Z7t~~r~i1~ i~7PIT~Nii~ MAR. i 3:; -~9os:1

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WIRELESS TELEPHONY.

APPLIOATIO::I FILED AUG. 2i, 1905.

3 SHEETS-BREIT 1.

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INVENTOR .
Jlrchie IreclerickCollin 8
BY~· . ,
ATTORNEYS

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PAT~~TED DEC. lJ, 1904. S. MDSIT~ . .~.~P.~.R.t..TliS FOR WIRSLESS Tt:LEPHONY.
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~~0. 777,216.
UNITED

STATES

Patented December 13;1~0~.

.

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pATE1:~-T OFFICE. ~: :

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.. ~·'·'

APPARATUS FOR WIRELESS TELEPHONY.

SPECIFICATION t'orming part ot' Letters Patent No. 777,,q16, dated December 13, 1904. Appllcatlon tlled November 24, 1902. Serial No. 132,547. <No model.)

--

I' if...,,_,,,, Tn "" ll'h'J/11·

r•oJu:r•rJt.:

I the microphonl' 7. ..\wireS thPll c.OilJH'I't.~.tn

HI' it known that I. Sw~n;~t>)[G:o!IT~. olliei'nl a powet·fnl sour·ee of Pleett·ieit,\' Band 1\ wire

ot'thPHo,Yal Ilun~arian Pu~talandTcle~rnphic. 10 to <HlP or mort' seeondat',\' coils 11. within
Administration, n suh.iect. of the Emperor of I which tlie _primnt',\' coil:-' at'P a1·r·nn~cd in t.lw

5 ..-\ 11:-~t t·ia-1 ltmg-al',\'. l'l'~itli ng- in Steinnmnng"er. ! mnnnPr' usual with iml uct ion-('oils. Ft·om thP 55

..·\.ustria-~ Iung-nt·,r. han' in\·~ntecl n certain n?w 1 .sPcondar,\·_c.oil: lln wi1·e 1~ is s~rPtclwcl t1~ tlw · '·'

and ttsl'lttl lmpt:m·t'lllPnt m Apparatus fo1· .telephone L~, Interconnected wtth tlw mtet·o~

\\"irPies:-' Tl'lPplwny: and

I

do

hl~t·Pb,\·

lh•c1arP

1 1

phonr~

7,

nnd

the

wit'P

1;1-

C'onncets t.hr

tPlr.-

t !11' follow in~ to h" a !'tilt (•h•t.ll', nnd (~xnet. dP- : plwrw with t.ho nwtnl c.rliwiPr' tr,, sunk into

10 ~-wription of till' ittn•ntion~ such ns will rnnhle! thPirround. ThctelephonP tHnnd mier'oJ.·;onr Go

otlwrs :-:kiliPd in the art to whieh it nppPrtn.ins 1 7 n:-:sist each other wlH•n ()prt·ntin:,!· throt.t~h

.. to mal\1' and n:-:e the samr. t'l'i'PI'Cllf'C ht!in,tr had the effects of the \·ibration ol' the tPil'phone-
to the accompanyi II,\! clra. wing-~. and to charac- 1 diaphragm on the micr·ophonc- mr.m hrane; ~· ·. tPrs of r·pfet'Pnee nuu·ke<Ltht>I'L'on. which fGrm wherch.r the microphone produces ct.ll'l'ent..• :..

15 n p:u't of thi:-' speeilieati<">n.

impulse~ which in its tu1·n increnscs tlw \'ihra- 65

TIH' prl'Sl'rtt inn•ntiun rPlntPs to impron'- I tion of the telephone· mcmht·anP. The de- ··

nll'nts in dPrices m· apparatus for Plectl'ica11.v I sct·ilwd connections I cnll the Hspconcfar,\· eir·-

.
rff·

gttt·:aennst.mdiit~ttianngeelsanwgilltah,o!!uet.

tmhuesuiscc, ~9~1~: sciognnnaelcstion\g·e't-· ~

~cuait

. '~ wir

eF1r7omconthm~eccto~nwtia~cht

1Gof the a som·ce

dou hie kP,\" of e!ectr·ic-

zo wtre~.

·

- -· · ·

It.Y 1H, and thence n wtrc lt) to a swttch 2D 70 ·

In ordet· to maJ,;,. t lw in\·ention ily undPt'stood. I will now lleseribe

more rl'adit with ~·ef·

1
'!

with contacts 20 man,\· contact~ ns

nnd 20'. ther·c nrc

This switch has lb micr·ophones 2:! 22'

en·ncl' to th'e aecompanyingdrawings~ wht·r ·· c:ut into ti. circuit 21. (In the drawing-s only

in-

1 t~·.·o such rnic:·ophonr.s nrc shown. and consc-

-

Figur·c l is a <1 iagl·ammatiealt·Ppl:escntntion
ol' two identieal stations..:\ and B. both 'of which
mny he 11:-iPtl fo1· scmt;ing- an'l rceci\·ing nw.s~ag-P:-:. Fig. 2 is an er.!;u::.!·"t) front clen1tion
of a tPiephmw in f:omwction with n micro30 plwrw. Fi~. :) is :i \"Prtic.'al sectional \·iew

.; ·,·,!"~dr on1,v two contacts.) The wir·p, 21 thPn i 5 ·. i~ r.o~a.~ctcd to the primar,\· coils withiri the :-~ccorH.I:i't·,,· coil.s 11.· A wir·e 2:1 tht•n connPcts
the pt·inmr,\· coils with the contact 2-l: of tlw
double kt>y 4. From contact 2;) a wir·e 2(; sti'Ptclws to t.he tclephonP ·2i. ami a wirl' ~H So

tht'tlll.~.dt Fig. ~. Fi.i!·. -t is n top plan \'li'W of fl'nm the teleplton<' to tlte g-rou:HII'd (~,\'lirtdPr

a t:l'l'tain dotthiP :\lot':-" kt•y 4. herPiJmftt•t· n•- 1~. Th.t~~G ~>nncctiops l call tlw •• primar,\·.

feiTI'd to; and Fi:,!·. ;) is a sidt• \"it'\\' of \\·hat is ' circuit.~~

·

shown in Fig. -t.

.

! Tlw opPr::.tion of til('. app:u·atu:-: is t!tp fnl-.

33 Eaeh station ·~on:-:bts of two circuits. tlw !owing-: If station A dPs!rP"' to eallnp slation Ss .::

micTopltorw and till! teleplwne circuit!'. and the H. thP switeh 2~J is laid on e~mtact :10 or· :111',

mi<:ropho:w-t:irenit in tt11·n ha:-~ two circuits. aceordin~ to wlwtlwr tile microphont• :.!:.! oi~

tlw primal',\' and the ~~~~·nnd:tl',\' eireuih.

:2:( is liS('d. I r m!L't'opholll' :!~ i:-' to IH· ll'<'d,

..:\hollow lHHiy 1. pn•fp,·ahl,r c,\·lindrical in thP contact is madt~ at :,!n and hot It kr·y:--: of

40 sltapt~ and of eopp<•r nt· nth•r suitahlP matt>- th1~ double key -t: an· dl'pre:-:s•~'l. Tit .. cin:niL r)o

rial. whielt ma,\· nt· ma.\· no- h~· lilll'd with a i:--: now clnserl a.s follows: Till' etll'l'l~nt !low.'

t:lll'l'l'llt-.!.!<'rll'l'atin:,.!·liquitlori'I"!;IJ'ol,\·tl'. i:-;Pilt- from tlte sonl'!'l' of I'IPf'tt•ir·ity t;-.; o\'t•J' lir!l'-

.lu•tltlt•d into th<' .!.!I'Ollllrl :tilt: i~ t:onner·tpd hy win• 1~) to :--:witelt :!~l. eontad :!fl. lllil:ropltnl!t'

titP linc~-win•:.! with till' eor1ta~·t :-~of a donl!IP :.!:!. wire :.!L to tl1P primal',\' iruluction-r.:oil:--:,

45 k•·.\· ·L whost' hamllt' end is "'>rmally lwld up : thenee hy wir<· ~:~ to r.:ontact :!-t of til!~ donhl1~ 95

hy a eon traet iI" spr·i Tl.!.! -+'.

: kr.y ~ to con taet. 1f) and O\'P r the wire 17 to

. 1

~
?:J ~

to

In tit

till' spt~t.:ilic·ation is ltollnw hod,\· l

aa~n.d.

c:laim;--; I •·ylirult·r.

~hall rl't'l'r ·· alt hnll_!.!lt

tht~ hattr.r,\·1~. TIH! ClliTPilt impuJ.,cs .!.!t~ncratt•d h,\' adnatirt.!.! tl11• tnierop!JOnt• :.!:2 will in-

·. If (;.:IllS - ·'!<. ~

it ntn\· lu• of ol ltt•t· :-:hapP nt' t'ortll. From tilt• · dneP in tur·n :-;peowlnn·c:llt'J't!rJls in tlte f'oil...: II

~.

rso contn'•·t :, of t ht• <Inn loll' \;.::·I a :I'!'

tlo I CI'OI'II'<':llld i: t o t:in·i Ill:\;',\' f!lll'l'l'll t...;: wit ir~lt I 00

-
. ,
-

~...:~ ~rl~~mml . . . . . . . ~·

..............

&1~

~I • • I,..

-

-

-
-

777,216

. wit'! then tl'an'l on
to thl' telt>phone

1t:h~.e

otu' hand wit·c 1·!-.

on>.t' and

wit'P 1~
to tilt>

~!TOll
n. wiJ·p

Ill led <',\·1 indc I' Ill, hnUPI',\'

wt;,i:t·pon~.thlellint·at ·hoeprhIotnapnd'i.'.

o\·e I' wirl'

: :

:~ptt:lr.'i\l~ml'-lttm·•iJain·rl.ler,\u·:(ti'tpai.nsp·ealamlrniatldwt 1(1f'd:P-o>ditlP·ltp'odlt'tih·:-ie\nwillP:il,lt.hl·:ic-'lJI'Hat'~:l-:T>-S~>nCl'tHt semiplId'(Lt.',(•'pflnooItitI-l'lti.iP;h,It\:·.Pd•<..·'~ia~-·..4..0

5 f), to contnc:t G of the .doubli~ kP,\' -l. tlll~lleP to~: tril'it,\'. ntil'roplwtws. pt·itwu·y indttelion-coils

ro

cont:u·t
d<'t'l.

T=~h. l~wtierele2p,hoannde

to the <•mhedded t~.rlint:t cut into this cit·c·uit.

nnd thP mic1·oplt<HH' j now !"PI'\'1' as n tt·ans-

Itnlwtore.trolincdn(h~Ia'tSll'1P

tlu·
:lllcl

Clli'
u·,

I'Pilt impulsps,
or station A t

Ft·om he (.'\11'-

daJHnt'wid!'t..:aiion~dn· o-aeunsbiollesu,raekttt~l'.a\o'p.ftPadPhs~tloc'ctorhinle'diiatntly·l.yut~Sctll'illr''Oel'tudHiitha.,t,·.(.r'sOaiiinldl--·

1
I

primat·,,· incluet phone adaptt•d

ioton-fh'nl~ils:.tdnlltal'tPh•dphoht,u\'·~saaidmi:it.P'll'oe--

45

B., dl'euncttiinmgpurlms~t•dsiuwniill

then t.J'a\·cl tht·ou!!h (gTnund. water) to

thP the

eoncor.:.

I phoJH'.
ll)(•ddPd

aindotinlth' iP~TkoPtJ,\J'HaIndcolnllrlw't.acltl'ed.\'ltiont:tehre·s

l'lll-
st•c-

.respondin!! c,\'linder·s 1 and 1,; or station
!;ince in this st.ntion t.he double key is not dP-

so OTH.Iar·,\' line
put·posc set

Pnds. suhstanliall,\' for·th.

;'ts

and .

fo·r.:····th..-~('

.

I 5 lH'essrd, the current will flow from c,\"lindcr· 1 ' a. In appamlus fot· \\'ll'eless teiPphon:v, a :

o\·er· wir'c 2 to contact aof double kl',\' -t to con- I pl'imar,\· circuit. comtH'ising· a sourctf:or eh·c-

. tact. 2;), wit·c :~fJ. tck•phonp ~i. wit·es 2:-; and ~-tt·ieit,\·, '.uicl'ophoue:.:, J>l'imhr·,,· itHluction-eoils

zo

)4: to C,\'Jindcr 1;), thi.'I'Cb,\· betwet'n the two stations.

clIofs. inhgowtchne~rc.it•scttati-t

tion.' H desires to talk to stat.ion A. the don-

ancJ 11. double' 1\e,\·. a sccondat',\' ciJ·euit. Com-

I 1

pr·isir1g :i soHt'ee of electricit.\·. sccond
duction-coils, adapted to hp infhu'nePc.l

ar. b,\'

r insaid

.55

hln ke,v 4 of station B must. he depr·t'.ssed, the i prilll:tl',\' induetion-coils, a tPiephonP. a miel·n-

switch ~m turned into till' l'onlnct cot·r·pspon:.l- I phone ndaplt•d t'.l he actuatPd h,,. said 'tde-

in~ to the mic:'i·oplwne to he used, and thP de- l pl10m•, a do11hlt~ lw,\' and metal c,\·linder·s em- 6o

\'ices OIH't'ate as nho,·e descl'ihc~i.

. ! bedded in tlw ~Tound and conrwcted to tb(~.

. 25 It is C\'idc•nt that elmng-cs nm,\· ht~ made in ' secondary line ends. and a telephone 'JI' tclc-

thc interconnection of the rarious parts with- 1 phones connected to the orH: grourHit!d c,\'linout ~teppir~g- be.vond the scope of th<~ in\'cn- : det· and to the said double kt',\" and tiii'Oll!!lf'

tion.

; said key. in its position of t·est, to the. otl!e.r 65

'rlmt I claim is-

! g-rounded metal c.dinde.t·, all suhstant iall,\· i1s

30 1. In apparatus for· wil'eless telephuny. ;•. : and for the pur·po:-;c set forth.

IH'imm·.r circuit conqH·ising a sout·ce ofelee · : In testimony that I claim tiH' forcgoin~ I

tt·icit.r and microphones cut into the ~aid pri- : ha\·c hen•unto set m.r hand thb 4th da,\' <>f"'"

mar.r circuit. n se<"ondar,\· circuit. adapted to . ~orembt~r, 101.>~.

be influenced b,v the said prinuu·,\' circuit, a.

SIU:\lC~lJ :\ICSITS.

35 telephone cu~ into the said secondar,\· cin:uit, : \\"itne~sc~:

. _

a microphone telephone and

am,!,eat1anlctclytloindheer!a'r:itnna~atcidd

by ,said ~econd-

·

FIL\XZ H~-:rTr·:I~,
...\r.,·r·::-:T,' S. Ho<:t:t·:.

-
. ,
-

No. 81~,942. ·

PATENTED MAR. 13, 1906. A. F. COLLINS.-· WIRELESS TELEPHONY.
·J.PPLIOATION FILED J. UG. 21, 1905.
3 SH"EET8-SHEET 2.
I

•
Z3
e

8

6

7

~WITNESJ]b .
o~:.a.uu,--~
~k~.

(J'
INVENTOR
Jlrcki·eTreiierich; Coltina
BY~.
ATTORNEYS ·-

No. 814,942.

. PATENTED MAR. 13, 1906. : A. F. COLLINS. WIRELESS TELEPHONY.
APPLIOATION FILED AUG. 21, 1905. 3 SREETS-SREET 3.

. 7;~a·
;~: 2
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_7?'~10 -:2

./1
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3

41

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I WITN£8~
t:il;·.

INVENTOR
h-chte_Frederlelc Collz'n.o.
BY~-
ATTORNEYS

· ·uNITED RTATES PATENT, OFFICE.

ARCHIE FREDERICK COLLINS, OF NE'V YORK~ N. Y.

WIRELESS TELEPHONY.

No. 814,942.

Speei.ftcation of Letters Patent.

Patented March 13, 1906.

!:pplication filed August 21,1905, S~rial !lo. 275,0~6.

To all whom it may concent:

· J Heretofore no provision has been made for 55

I Be it known that It ·ARCHIE FREDERICK amplifying or intensifying the received pul"'"
CoLLINS; a citizen of the United States, and a· sations emitted by the'" transmitters de-

resident of New York city, borough of :Man- scribed, and a simple telephone-receiver has

5 hattan) in the county and State of New York, been employed to pick up and tr:u1slnte the

have invented new and usefullmprovements impulse'S into speech. Likewise all experi... 6o

~ 'Yireless .TeleJ?hony, of which the follow- ments in wireless telephony using r:ond1.Ictor-

lng IS a specificatiOn. ·

. terminals embedded in the ean h or other

~fv invention relates to the art of trans- medium have been made bv means of ordi-: 10 mittmgand receiving arti~ulate speech elec- nary telephone-transmitters, whi~:h in corn-

trically betw.een t'!o or more stations VY'ith- mercia! practice operate approximately on tJs
out connectmg-wrres, but .emploving the I twenty-five volts and one- h!tlf ampere.

I earth or other medium as a means of propa- Fsing of necessity a transmitter hu ving this
gation;,and it relates more particularly to the limitation wireless telephony by this method

15 transmission of impulses mto the earth or has been successful over ~ompurat1\ely short

other medium by means of a direct or alter- distances, since where a current in excess of 70

nating current having .a higher voltage and 1 th!lt stated is used it burns out the trans-

greater amperage than It has been found pos- nntter.

sible to employ heretofore and the rec.eption NO\v the object of my invention is to obvi-

2o ?f the~e im_pulses and the~ 3;mplific~tion and ate this difficulty and _to provide for t~e use

mtensifications· at the recern.ng-stat10n.

of any voltage and ~ny amperage Without 75

It is well known to those versed in the art regard to the transmitter Froper, and in so

that if a telephone-transmitter, a source of doing I render the transmitter absolutelv in-

electromotive force, and the earth or other dependent of the current traversing the earth

. z5 medium are connected in series bv terminal or other medium and I also amplifv the re-

conductors entering the earth an;y variation ceived impulses so that t)1e reproduced So

of the current due to resistance changes in SFeech will be louder and more distmct than

. the transmitter will _produce a difference of. heretofore.

_

potential at the termmal conductors forming · Figures 1, 2, 3, and 4 show diagran1matic-

3o contact with the earth or other medium and ally.various modifications of the transmitter

when a difference of potential is established arranged in accordance with my invention, 85

·at the two terminals connected to the earth a and Figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 are modifica-

current is established in the circuit of which tions of my receiver.

.

the earth forms a. portion. Equipotenti~l ~1Y. met~od of t!a~smitting consists, sub-

35 surfaces are establiShed around each term1- stantl:llly, -m modifying a current {of suffi-

nal, and while the greater portion of the cur- cient electromotive f<J>r·ce to produce an arc- 90

rent flows directly betw~en the terminals a light between the electrodes of any conduct-

certain portion taking a less direct path flows ing material, such as pencils of carbons or '

from one to the other in arc-shaped paths ex- substances employed In the production of

40 tending from the conductors a considerable arc-lights) by means of either shunting the

distance, or this arrangement may be so current.,. as shown j.n Fig. 1, or by superim- 95

Inodified that an alternating current may be posing a direct or· alternatin~ ~urrent on the

made to produce the same results-e. g.,. a circuit including· the arc-lignt, as shown in

transmitter and a source of electromotive Figs. 2, 3, and 4. ·

45 force are connected in series with the pri- In Fig. 1 the circuit represented by A con-

mary of &:'simple transformer-coil the termi- sists of a source of electromotive force 1, the roo

nals of the secondary of which are connected arc-light 2, and the conductor-tern1inals 3 3',

with the terminal conductors leaning to the forming connection with the .earth or other

so

earth or other medium, in which case the·:resistance changes in the transmitter ca.use the

medium. In parallel with this circuit, which may be designated as the "heavy-current"

current mthe primarv circuit to create, ac- circuit, is the shunt-circuit B, dt!rived from ros

eording to. the law of induction, an alternat..:. the.heavy-current circuit A and in which is

ing current in the se~ondar'Y circuit of which included a telephone-transmitter 4 and a re-
the earth or other mediu1t1 fonns a p_ortion. .sistan~e 5. . Any modiPcation of the derived.,~

-=~~----- A ~ A A-~ ~ ~ ~

-: :· . ~~~~ ~~~~-v :>' ::;::~;~~1,;:~:i~~-·y.::-::~··:'~':~-~~:·::~ ~-~4,9~

- • -~ ...... o;.··' .

· circuit B by virtue. of· a change of resista1;1ce rent. flowing in C pro~uc~~ identicaily .

. ~u.e io a varia~le press~e ~f the diaphragm same.effect upon.tlie CirCUit D that}~e cur..:·

·Is rmpressed upon the circuit A, and the tem- rent m the circuit A has upon B, With the

peratur.e of tlie arc _and its resistance indi-· final result that an alternating curr~nt hav-

.5 cates a. corrhesP.on~1ngA anTdhiprop<?rt~onatef ingdthe ds~mehfresue~cy abnd p~ahs~ as thalit

change m t e circUit . s variatiOn o pro uce m t e circuit B, ut Wit Its amp ·-

resistance in the arc produces in the circuit tude greatly inc~eased, is made to _pass

which includes it electtical undulations in through the circuit including the earth or

i the earth or other medium. ·

other medium in which conductor-terminals i·.

10 · In a second modification of my method are embedded. - · ·.

· ·

(shown in Fig. 2) the heavy-current circuit· It is obvious that ma:11y other modificationS .

A includes ·a source of electromotive force 1, of my method of transmission may be made, -

the arc-light 2, and the conductor-terminals but the results obtained will. be the same.·

3 3', forining connection with the earth or It is likewise obvious that my system may .

t5 other medium in which they are embedded and one of the windings 4 of a transformer-

bperoveimdepdloayteedle.gforraphs-ir~neyailisnsgubswtiitthuotuetd

mres, for the

8o

.,

coil. The circuit B is separated mechanic- telephone-transrmtter indicated in . the text.

ally froni the circuit A, out is in inductive In connection with my method of trans-

association with it thtot1gh the complemen- mittin~ articulate speech without connecting- -

2q tary winding of the coil, as shown at 5.. The wires tnere ·may be employed as a recei~ 85 ·

circuit B includes the winding 5, battery 6, device a simple telephone-receiver having its

and transmitter 7. 'V\Then the transmitter 7 conductor-tern1inals- embedded in the earth

is in operation, an undulatory current is set or other medium. 1Vhen such a receiver is

up and superimposed on the current in the emploved, the received impulses will have a.

2 5 Circuit ...-\.., and the current is Varied as indi- value corresponding to the sensibility of the. 90

cated with reference· to Fig. 1. ·

instrument.

A third n10dification is shown in Fig. 3. Now to further increase the amplitude and

In this case the current flowing in the circuit intensity of the impulses, so that the repro-

A is varied by an alternating current set up 1 duction of speech may be louder, and without

JO in the circuit B: which includes a winding of increasjng the sensitiveness of the receiving- 95

a transforn1er-coil 4 and a condenser 5. A telephone I employ a method shown in Fig. 5,

third circuit C includes a battery-cell 6, a of which Figs. 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 are modinca-

telephone-transmitter 7, and a winding 8 of -tions.

the transformer. It is the undulations of Fig. 5 shows mv _invention in its simplest

35 the current in this circuit which produce the form. The circu1t A incl_udes a source of xoo

alternatinO' current in the circuit B.

electromotive force, an arc-liO'ht 2, and con-·

. A fourt1 modification of this method is · ductor-terminals 3 3', embedded in the earth

shown in Fig. 4 and has for its obj-ect the or other medium. The circuit B is derived

production of alternating currents in the cir- from A, which is in parallel to it and includes a

40 cuit which includes the earth or other me- telephone-receiver 4 or other means of indica- xos

dium. Bv: referring to Fig. 4, ABC D indi- tion and a resistance 5. '\Vhen in operation,

cate separate circuits. The primary circuit the function of this receiver is as follows: The

(represented bvA) includes a telephone-trans- received impulses through the earth or other

mitter 1, a source of electromotive force 2, medium are superimposed and impressed

4 5 and the winding 3 of a transformer-coil. The upon the current fi~:nving in the· circuit A, xI o

secondarv circuit B includes the comple- which includes the source of electromotive

mentary w coil 4 of the transformer, a con,- force I, the arc-light 2, and the conductor-

denser 5, and the arc-light 6. The third cir- ter~nals 3 3', embedded in the earth or other

cuit Cis in parallel witli the· circuit Band in- medium. These superimposed impulses vary
-so eludes the arc-light 6, a source of elecfromo- the resistance of the arc 2 and increase the us

tive force 7, which feeds the arc, and the pri- variations of the current from the gener-a-

I mary ~inding 8 of a transfori.J;}er. The tor 1 flowing through the circuits A ahd B.
fourth circuit D includes the secondary 9 of The receiver 4 in the circuit B is protected

the transformer and the conductor-terminals from excessive voltage bv means of the re-

55 10 10', embedded in the earth or other me- sistance 5, ~nd the circuit B (;3ince it is in par- 120

dium which completes the circuit.

allel with the circuit A)· derives its energv

In -action the direct current from the from that circuit, and the telephone-receiver

source of electrorn ctive force 2 is changed 4 responds to changes in the circuit' A, but

into an undulatory c:1rrent by means of the with augmented amplitude and intensitv.

6o transmitter 1 in the circuit A.. This sets up . In Fig. 6 the circwt B includes a condenser 125

an alternating current in the circuit B by 1, 5', in series with the transmitter instead of
means of the transformer· 3· 4, and this cur-~ the resistance 5, (shown in Fig. 5,) which pre-

rent is then superimposed upon the current eludes the flow of the direct current in the

flowing in C feeding the arc-light.... Every 1 circuit A through the receiver-!, but permits
~ ~ imposition of the alternating undulatory cur- 1alternating im,pulses to act upon it, or a com- ,

~

AA~A~~~~~

~. ~ ~-~">:&"--=~··.,..._.J?"'_~-··~·- -~~~~~~ . :·;: ·;" _. ,-.: ~~~,.~~_!"~_:.\}_-I~;i=~_:,4~(~.~z.;~~:w~~~ii?.~s,:-e~-h~-ii-~f,~:i~(~~~~~r.,_~-~--~~~-~"-l*':I:~'.H~~--~"i:;r~:...~.~·.;-...0..~.~.!.~r..~•;.-~:~l1f~~t.i:~f"iX~.-~48~~.~..t.%.~.~~1~_-r¥~.t9,.J.4.._..~.>.r;.-.&.--!~.~-.'~:?>~:~~~f_.;kr.:f;~¥·f·hiv.~.._.~·."f~·~.r-.7.r~.~-::_-;~~~~~~~,_\~~'»~}.~;":'-f'"·-"~~-~t~~ts.:;~:~?.;~-~~~~~~~~/~-::~:-·.~.:-:::-:~-t.:-~:\~,.___._;" ·.•·~;'~:-~r~~'t,-~a-!~~~--~~. -

_:~~~4~fle}!!~~~1 ~'~~~~~~ !~:·. ~;eJ:m:Ut;~Ji~iftiev~!iofa:!~~fu~~ > ·1

nden5e~ 5', Fig. 6, in the _circu~t B. ·· -. the So-calle~ "speaking-arc" is not new, and . 1

."Fig. 7. illus~rates a ~o~ca~wn. of my m- -I~o n.ot claun tliat bro_adly, but only the_ com-· ·,

.

. entiOll ID which t~O dist~~t ~IrCUl~S are rep- . b.mat10n of the ~eaking-arc and th~ dtsper- .7 o

:·· nted by ~ B. The circuit A mcludes a s10n method here1n shown and described. .

·urce of electromotive force 1, an arc-light It will be seen from a ~omparison of Figs. 1

"'=conductor-terminals 3 3', embedded in the and 5 that the sameinstrumentalities may

firth or other~edium, a~d o!le w~ding 4 of a serv~ !or bot~ a transn?tting-st_ation and_ a .

'"ansform~r-coil.. The circuit B mcludes the receivmg-statwn, and m refe!_Tlllg genenc- 75 ~'posite winding 5 of the transformer-coil, ally to the transmitter 4 of F!g. 1 and re-

.· ·· telephone-receiv~r 6, and 8. condenser 7. ceive~ 4 of Fig: ~ in the claim I employ ~he

·· ·s arrangement removes the telephone-re- genenc term of :'sound-converter," mearung

~:eeiver from the circuit A, and thus insure~ its the~eby_ any mea~s for converting sou~d-

·.:Safety.

·

. . waves _Into electncal waves or electncal 8o

·..:•:t-'Fig. 8 shows a form of my receiver In waves mto sound-waves.

. !~;bich the circuit A includes a. source of elec- Having thus described my invention, what

· :iromotiv_e force 1, an arc-light~, and conduc- I claim as n~w, and desire to secure by Let-

~tor-ternunals 3 3', embedded m the earth or ters Patent, IS-

.

10~~ther me4iu~.. The ~ircuit B_ is in parallel
IWith the circuit A and Includes the pnmary 4 ,of a transforme.r anq a resi~tan.ce 5, or a co?~~nser may be substituted mstead. The cir:Cuit Cincludes the winding 6 of a transformer,
i •condenser 7,and a receiver 8.

1. ~n a_wireless telephone or telegraph ~he 85 combmatwn of a source of electromotive force, an arc-li~h~, a cir.cuit connectin~ the same and havmg the conductor- termmals embedded in the earth or other medium, and
a circuit containing a sound-converter for 90

it'(.·Fig. 9 shows diagrammaticallvthe arrange- transmitting or receiving; said sound-con-

l!;nient I employ for.utilizing' the well-known verter being in- a circuit of its own outside

ttjproperties of selenium. The circuit A con- the main llifluence of the arc-light circuit,

Slsists of a source of electromotive force 1, an

ft~~~t(-. ..<c~'i!arlrclcbw-el_tida'BhdteqIS2i n,meat hcnehdae~accroa~n.hdlolurycotaothnre-d-treemrlm~ecid~nri1a?cmlasl.l3yTr3he'e-,

~t~n10ved from ~~by means of

tthh~evcairricautiitonA.o, f_b

ut IS light

Influenced intensit_ies

substantially as shown and described.

c·o2m.·bIinnaatiwonire~lefssatesleopuh~coene_oofr t~elleecgtrroamp<h?t,itvh-ee 95

ffoorrcrme1nagncoanrcn-elcitgi~Ot,n

a _circuit With teiT?llals Wlth or embedded m the

ea!th or other medium,_ and means for modi-

3S of the arc 2 acting on a selemum-cell4, which fymg the current flowmg through the said roc

;;r:..is ihcluded in the circuit B, together with a circuit, said means consisting of an independ-

~~:- source of electromotive force 5 and a tcle- ent circuit containing a sound-converter, sub~'*:::phone-receiver6 or other means of indication. stantially as shown and described. ~r- 'Another form of receiver is shown in Fig. 3. In a wir~less telephone or telegraph, the

;fo~)O. In this modification of my invention a combination of .a source of electromotiv-e res

&[:. receiver 1 is conne~ted in series with the sec- force, an arc-light, a circuit with terminals

~~~on~ary 2 of a transformer. for_ming _the cir- con~ecting t_he ~a~e wit?- the earth ?r other

~£,~U1t A. The secondary cucwt B mcludes medmm, a Circmt mcluding the arc-hght and

~f ·one wjnding 3 of the transformer-coil, a con- containing also a sound-converter for trans-

:~5 ~enser 4, and the arc-light 5. This ·circuit is mitting' or receiving substantially as de- r ro

l~· m parallel with and derived from the circuit

f..~} C, which inc~udes the .arc-light 5, the source

~,f. of electromotive force. 6, ana on~ ~ndin&' 7

t~~:ii~:~.:·,ot-rfcaluntdh5eefsotrthmraeenrcs-focoomrimlpleaernm-dceonitlth.ae.ryTc·wohneinddCuiicnrctgoUr8i-t

D mof the termi-·

~{n_al~ 9 9'. In action the function of these va-

scribed.

.

4. In a Wirele-ss telephone or telegraph, the combination ~f a so~ce _of ~lectrom<?tive . ~orce, an. arc-light, a crrcu1t Wlth terrrunals
1
connecting the same With the earth or other In

medium, a circuit including the arc-light and -

containing a resistance and a sound-con-

't:rtous factors are as follows: The impulses verter, substantially as shown and de-

l~_:. P~opagated through the earth or other me- .scribed. _

·

,

t dium are impressed upon the ~ircuit D and 5. In a wireless telephone or telegraph, the 12c

~ ar~ tr~nsferred by the transforme: 7 ~ to .c~- co.r:nbination. of a trans~tter proper, ~ech-

f~ cw~ C. The resistance of the said c1rcmt IS amsm connected _ther~w1th for prod_ucmg a

~~vaned, as ~efore sta~ed, a~d.u~dulatory cur- so-called u s:peak~-arc," for varymg the

~,~ rents flow: m the ~enved Cll'C~t B, and th~~e I1 curre~t formmg swd arc and producing c~r-

are the

t~ansrormed mto e1rcuit A in which

athlteerrencaetimv~gr

currents m 1 is placed,

rent _llsaid

c1umrpreunlstesi,niapn~ldsems etaonsa

for transm1ttmg natural :r;nedium

12;

t:·;;~·

a~d a-:; phtude

aofretls:eulct uorfretnhtesaendop~etsraitnwtennssitthye)sa_·imn--

.~ cap6a. b~len oa.fwciroenlv~sesytme~letphheonsaem?re.tteol·eagrdaiSptha,ntchee.

ij~·. creased bey~mJ the maximum v-alu~ 1m- L combmutwn \\J.~h a transnuttmg apparatus

~t~:··::~:::;":irs:~c~·.of eiectr~motive i :~:~~t:::~:~:gb.~~;::~:i:;~~~:i~1·30

· force, an. arc-~g.h_t,_ a Cll'CUit conne~tmg the tlo~s m the arc-hght, substantially as d~ .~,pi!

~ T'/j same and havmg 1ts conductor-ternunals em- scribed.

.

· :· -~

bedded in the earth, or other natural_ medi- .

ARCHIE FREDERICK COJaJ~S. : :

5 urns, an independent circuit containing are-~·· 'Vitnesses: '

· .~ · ~

-

ceiver and a source of electromotjve force
l an~ means for influencing the current in said

· \\'~.ALTO:s- HARRISOX1 E. C. NrELsox.

.::

~

I

--:;;;=::1 ~ ~ ~ ~==~ ~ ~ ~

No. 8~2,910.

·.~

<· .PATENTED FEB. 5, 1907.. ·

. G. W. PICKARD.

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION.

' ,-· /

.APPLIOATIOR riLED :JOV. 30, 1908

UNITED ·ST. ATES PATENT OFFI. CE.
GREE~LEAF. "\VHIT~:fER PICKARD. OF .Ai\1ESBURY,· ~llSS.A.CHUSBTTS.

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION.

~0. 842;910.

Patented Feb. 5, 1907

2

842,910

·. </1

from static discharges, \vhich means. consists of a conductor conilec"ted to earth and hav- <::6}
of a conductor having impe,dance and non-. ing co~ected with i~ an impedance-coil and· <__.,:;:

inductive resistance connected to it.

a non-Inductance resistance.

· ,:

2. In systems of wireless communication, 10. In systems of ,-..-ireless communication so; 5 means for shielding the wave-intercepter n1eans fo_r sp.i~lding the. \vave-intercepte: ·

from static discharges, which means consists from stat1c discharges, ·which n1eans consists

of a conductor having connected \v-ith it a of a conductor located in prcxiinitv to the plurali~y of inlpedan_ce-coils and non-induct- intercepter and containing ohmic a"'ncl reac-

(0 ive3.re~sistsaynscetse.~ of wireless communication,

tive in1pedance.

·

11. In SYStems of \\-ireless communication

5 ~.·

means for shielding the wave-intercepter n1eans fo.r s~elding the. ,,·ave-intercepte; .... ·

fro~1 static discharges, which means consists from static discharges, whiCh n1eans consists

of a conductor having connected with it an of a conductor havin:z connected in it in se-

I,

iron impedance-coil and a non-inducti"Ve re- ries an impedance-coil and u. non-inductive 6o

~

15 sistance.

resistance.

4. In systems of_ wireless communication, 12. In sYstems of wireless cominunication

~

m~~ns for shielding· the wave-intercepter means for shielding the wa"Ve-intercepte;

~

from static discharges, which n1eans consists from static discharges, which means consists
of a conductor having connected with it an of a pluralit}-· of ccn(~uctcrs arrange(l about 6s

20 impedance-coil and a c;1rbon resistance.

1 the intercepter, .said conduet8rs having con-

j

5. In systems of. ·wireless con1municntion~ • neeted with them respectiYPly an impetlnnce-

~

n1eans for shielding the · Wa"Ve-intel'cepter coil and a non-ine.iuctiYe resistaiice.

from static discharges, which n1eans consists 1:3. An aerial structure fvr systems -of

j

of a conductor haYing connected with it an wireless com_munication, \vhich comprises 7e

~

25 iron impedance and a carbon resistance.

the wave-inte::-crpting c~nduct·Jr; a pluralitv

· 6. In systems of wireless cornmunication,· of static-shield conductors M'i·angecl about

I

means for shielding the wave-intercepter said wave-intercepting conductor, each in-

from static discharges, which means consists eluding an irupe<iance-cdl and a non-induct-

"(;

of ~ cond~ctor ~avin~ ccnnec~ed with it a p~u- ive. res~stance; and a retaini~ mernber. to 75

'

30 rahty of rron Impeuance-cmls and non-In- ma1nta1n all the conductors In cooper~bve

ductance resistances.

relationship.

~

7. In systems of wireless communication, 1 1-!. An aerial structure for systems of

'

means for shielding the wav.e-intercepter I wireless ccmmunication~ which ccmprises

fr~m static discharges, \vhich means consists . the wave-intei"cepting conductor; a plurality So 35 of a conductor having connected with it a of static-shield ccnductors arranged about

~

plm·ality of impedance-coils and carbon re- said wa-ve-intercepting ccnductor and each

'

·sistances.

including an impedance-coil and a non-in-

S. In systellli of wireless con1munication, ducti\"'e resistance; insulating-shields for. the

~

means for sh.ielding the wave-intercepter devices in the static-.shield ccnductors; and 85

'

40 from static discharges, which n1eans consists a rctainin~ member ccrmeeted with said in-

of a c.onciuc~or l~aving conne~ted with it a II sulatin.g:shiel.~is , to. mainta.in ~~1 t}le con-

plural!tv of rron Impedance-coils and carbon duct•)rs m ccoperati"Vc relatwnship.

resistances.

GREE~LElF WlllTTIER PICK.\Ri~.

9. In systems of wireless communication, '\'Vitnesses:

45 means for shielding the Wa"Ve-intercepter

EDWARD H. RowELL,

from static discharges, which means consists 1

J.IYRA S. RowELL.

.-.

~.·
1,175,418.

R. A. FESSENDEN. WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.
APPLICATION FILED FEB. 2, 1910.

Patented Mar. 1-1, 1916.
10 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

Fig. 14

r. 82 "84

8~

82

8,3 82

!! ~-~-:-----.....c--1 ~------;----o--

1! 1:
'iln·8/

I I

I
1

. 11

. 80,

I

II
L ll
."; ,....------- ) X/

100

_ _ _ .....___

__,

9

~

I,J'\A.,...) .9 2_

!"''\,:'\!

94\: !
QQ" ~j _,::;

~a.-71~~, 2 It. u.: H f..:'::.

1,175,418.

_· R. A. FESSENDEN •
.WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY_.
APPLICATION FILED FEB. 2, 1910.

Patented )far. 1-!, lUlH.
10 SHEETS-SHEET 10.

/0~

r . ·r~

~

\ "-.) _ _ . ,..~ ) J~ ~ '\ . '

- or,J.Or /J','__' _..._'_J._ . .

-,J

~·--- ~," ~ "-'~ - "=' ·--~ ' -~ ~~;-being ~y;- ~:tim 'fo~ ,,-..p,_,.,,.:· "< ukil. :·:.A..-.j;liotiidiOO:- g&:p 'as

be

r 'reia7 and

; r 56 an

.r adjusting

. \
si>rfug

.

.":'J

.

- ·· :n...~d as -a:··di~P.&:me. gap_ to]>r~~c~:t~e ~~n~i-·clC?~g·:~..._· p~ ~ ~-:.he~ded. bo~t attache~ to ·;:~ · ·

_ densers. · throwing-

This may-~ the switeh ""32

cut out of actiOn ·by
to the position shown-

-~the movabl6 .justing the

c·3oaowpser!>a3t1m··5g4,thwiehaedreebdy,b·obivt

ad58,

·-';
· ·1

5 in dotted lines 31.-- .-30 _and 36 are relays tor --~he -mov:able.- plunger 55 may be made to 7C :
closing t4e circui~ .betw~en the sec?ndar]<of ,ri:iove_.-a:;gr~ater -~ ~~~ dis~ance bef9re. re-
the transformer 19t 19 , and the electrodes __tractmg- tlie movable ta:~s 53,. .~4. thereh.v

40 and and 36

3a"r7eo~fltehsee~spaardkiscghaaprg4e6.t-ak1e\s'n. epnla3cQe

·

ina·Ikninof-~gt~h

e--~b:rsehaokwminogr

e ·i

or":less r n detail_

ap a

i

d. f'?rm

. w _of

r

10 at e\·ery halt period between the statwn:uy key lt m F1g. 1, 60 Is a metallic casmg In- 7j. electrodes 37= 38, 39, 40 a~d a. r~ting disk cl~sing the_ key pr:oper, 59, and acting as a

41, of· spark gap 46; a~d ~hen relays 30 shield to j:>r~vent any electrostatic disturb-

and 3H are open the discharge takes place arices produced by opening and closing of

onlj dnce every p~riocl. ~Consequently by the~key from affecting the receiYer, and a

15 ope:::atirig a key 25, which controls the cur~ wire netting 62 forms a screen over the 3J

rent fi·om ·a battery. 2-1 through the relays whole device, lea.d cm-~red cables 60~ 61.

31) and :36,~ the '~i~cha~g~ may be made ,to copnecting key 5!) and leading ?Utside "the

occ~_:r sa:v .1000 t1mes per second \Yhen tne w1re nettmg so that_ no operatiOn of the

k~_r :2.3, is ope!l and ·300 times. per second key 59 wig produce any electrical disturb-

20, wi1en tne ~i:e.-: 1s clo~ed.. B-r th1s means the · ances outside the screen.

8c

dc:t3 :1nd dnshes for signaling may be. made In Figs. 8 and 9. sho~ing the sending

to h;l":·~- :1 ~J.ote o:f 1000 per second and the transformer 28, of Fig. 1~ the primary :md

spaces a ncte of 500 per second. The tips secondary are. formed. of strips oi coppe!·

,,f the eL~ctrocles of the spnrk gap~ as shown 63, 64~ wound edgewise and supported on

· 2.5 nt -±:3. m:-t~· he mad? of •Ya!er cooled disks, insulating frames 6.5: 6t3. The transformer 90-
5brrwn in detail in Fig-5. 3 and ±. Fer this mav be made in round sections. or square pnrpo~e I nse a CO«)ling coil H and a circu- sections as. here sho~n. The I)rimary n3

lati-ilJ,r pnmp 4::i. The rotating spark gap and secondary 64 are preferably made ad-

may bP. inclosed in the casing 4f)' and the justable to and from e~1ch other by sliding

:Jo !·notin!!" rE~k J..l may be keyed on to the on the axis 67. ·By constructing the trans- 95

sh:lft 4-~ of sl:.;n,-~ :1l-:o

the alternator 11. In Fig. 1 is·
an antenna 2t1. grounded at :w,

former out of strips iri the fashion shown a very great adn1.ntage is ohtuined o·.-er the

anrl 0pera~j-,.-e1~.- c~m!l€":~ted to· the secondary use of cylindrical forms~ as by this rn~an~
::s r:f d1P t!·~·msf:1r:11er :28. 28'. shewn in de- the -windings mav be bruu!!ht mnch rlo£er
:n tci i_l in Fi!!~. ~ :1.nCl !.>. 27 represents an an- to each other while still leaving th!! ·list:tr:.ce 1oo

tenna. irl!hdnn·~e for Y!lr~·in!! the tune; it . bet-ween turns the Same~ and since the in-

i::; -~hown in detail in Fi!!S. 10 and. 11. 12 dnctunce varies as the snnare of the n11:n·

:1nd 13.

.

~

·

her of turns per ~ch. tl1e total len!!th of

"F:!,!.· :_: ~h0'T;; :1 partial side ele;·ation Of \Yire may be very gre:1tly reduced and the

-!0 :·h?. ~1:a-::k _·.:3p~ in which 46' is the outside size of the i:ndnctance mav be made vel"'-r 105 casinz. -!:1 :he rotatin2' disk. 37 an electrode. much smaller. ~Ioreo,·er. ~the m11tnal iri1_ :h7:. gr:ne.:-r~tor. 4 7 ';i ha~d-wheel carrying ductanee between the primary an•l ~t>eond.

a. scr~;\· :1nci n~.lt 48 "h~reb'i, tli~- case 46' r.;nd. ·~lectr:;cie 37 maY be rotated and shifted -!5 in rosition with ref~ren~e to the dvnamo 11 so ~s to e~n::.se th~ spark· to be produced at

ar;. muv be made verT" much ~reat:.lr than in L1e ca~e where the· round ._.conductc.rs o~·

tubes are used.

110

Fig~. 10 anJ 11 sho-,\ one form .1i f~1~

the nroper noint o:f the potential cnrve.

antennre indnctqnce 27 or Fig. 1. I::: ellS

In Ff:zs. -3 and 4 sh0.~dn!! the details of form I use two~ spirals of flat iron •.-rou~i.d

t!1t: statltJnar-v el.z:ctrocles. -43 is a water edgewise. A trolley bar 63 bridges acrn::s 50 cooled dislr. ~made hollow as sho~n and the two spirals 101. 102. and slides on a rod 115

to milled so as to be aenern.llv round on its 6!) when these spirals ·a-re re,:olved on their
Circumference but ha-re lts surface con- shafts 108. 104 which are connected to-

si:;t of a number of plane fuces. This is gether by sprocket chain ·70 ~o that when th~

:foand to be adYanta!!eOUS for insurin!! the pulley 71 .Ls rotated both spirals 101 ana 55 con~tancy of the spark The disk 43 has a 102 are moYed in the same direction and the. 120

hollow ux!e 4~ le:J.r1ing to the circulating bridging trolley b~r 68 is caused to moYe

pnmp 4.) 5hown in Fig. 1~ and .50 is a tnbe backward or forwJ.rd and therebv include

for proj~cting the water to the point of the a greater or less ntimber of turn.J betwee~ di~!{ 43 nearest the point wh.ere the spark the coil terminal.s 7~. T:J. -This is \en~ ad6o t:~k.es place between it and the rotating vantageous for tunin,z. and moreo,·er th~ 12:

dlS!{ -±1.

·tuning can be accomplished without chance

In Figs. 5 and 6 showing the relay3 such of the operator being injured~ whil~ the

as at 30 in Fig. 1~ 51~ 52 represent fixed spark is passing.
ja"Ws, and 53, ·54 the mo-vable jaws of the Figs. 12 and 13 sho"W another fonn of

~ relay. ·55 is o. movable plunger for openin~ntenna. inductance in which I uoe a oingle ~

~-

- ;~·':'-'''.~ti;'·:;l:r· ;~}. if; ·>}. .- ·-"·c .. - ... .. ·:.~'s>~'~ ~

c··.

. . .·

. .

- "1

coi( 74~ inside of which· are a number of a c~ndenser, 105 a prim~ry of a transformer~ I

disks 75, 7;j, 75. These disks ··are pivotally 106 the secondarv of the tr:m.5former-: mounted on pins 76, 76, enga~ing frame 105, grounded at 110~ iO'i a. tuning induct~ce~

and attached to an insulatmg connecting 5 bar 77, so that on rotating. the handle 78

108 a ti,·ely

slowwitcYholtaangde~1p0r9~faenraabnltvennnoat.e:.!t. ~renbg-

:~

10

attached to one of the disks the inclination

of all the 4isks to the surrounding coil 74

may be varied. "\Yhen the disks 75 are in

planes parallel to the planes coil 74 the inductance in

of the turns the ·coil 7'1

oI~f

.

5.000 or 6.000 Tolts.

sfp~arrmker

gap- 113 is used,

and (thou

desired) the dynamo

Is used on the
preferably no
g11h1ogneenmeraart. b~eg

rtort.;mt~ry:
u_.;:ed 1t a Tolt-

age of 5.000 Tolts or 6.000 Tolts directly by

;s

largely annulled. 1Yhen the handle 78 is its armature windingS. Tnis is found. w

turned so that the disks 75 are in a different giYe a higher efficiency not only by domg

plane to that· of the turns of coil 74 the in- away with the losses in the transformer but

dnctance of 74 is not annulled and is lar(J'er also.. for· other reasons which are not as yt>t-

15 than before. In this wnv verv exact tunfn(J'

cn82ae~nIcnt8ibo2e~Fnishg8af2.o~d..r1-8;!2;a,srhnioen~ws8iun0l2a'"atonardnsw ,81nannrteedwpnnr8e~3i.s~e

e.
and connt.masts. 8-l hori-

20 zont?l <:_onductors such as shown in appli-

cants l.. S.
1:2th. 1H02.

Patent Xo. In these a

70fl.738. of lona: w:l,·e

ar.-r\i.u~·!i!un2s"t

from _the side· 83 for example will produce

an effect in 83 of a clitferent phase from that

25 prod_uced in 84. an(l a maximum effect ''·ill

mfuenl~lvtalklnvodwenn.iobnusttrawtehdicnhndhawTehicbheep!l:1erxtlpyt.'~r:- ,;.;:

fogtsipnaruafoooBiipw-nmte"val,eiehnwrYcemtaetifhrrnraveeeoycicadnrwtneeoghsiasdreitsgihnotesahlefcdist5rlhoaaecehefsdltffiofiejibgincsucdrheiigseeudtnnaisaLncnahIsyO"pdy-dp'!a>ii:amGnts~nlhcm5-tp~heaohelratenurrba!ofst5lb!ySo.tpelasa~rt!po.Yrldhtbnk~?~ttdr:lt1is·onLf.pco~'ta1r•ohrr•._h::lcra:'~~-.1-
with la-rge amounts of power. By me:1ns l1t

s;.
~~'

not be obtained. Fot· this reason I ·lend the

c:-;u.).rrSeG~ntprferofemrab8l3}.r

S-! b\· means of conductors attached to about the micl-

t~hibeleod thteor

deYices hamlle

.amounts of power

sianhnosd,ur· cnhuhtaielriwzeaew~-i t~ahhs eIt~oaomlbart;et.'in"n?-

3?

<lie of ·the these _le_ads

8c5o~nd8(u) c?tPo~rrsat8h3·.el8r-·t

t

and conneet o .th; circuit"

gthree-aftlaetffisctireinpcyinodruocptaenrcaetisonu.ndFto~rllelxiafmorpmlee~. ~:.

contamn?g the recernng or transmitting np-

paratus ference

In of

spuhcahsea~waanvd a si nt os uccohr r eac twtah\i·s

llifthat

this correction will be effected when the

35 W:lYes are arriving from one direction and

preferably not when theY are arrivino- from

any .other direction. I ·accomplish ti\is by

40

leadmg the switch 100

acnodndtuhcetotrrsan8s5f.orSmG etrhsro8u7O~'h88thtoe

ground at connected

8p9r, e9f0~. raTblhye

transfo directly

rmer 87, 8i' is by means of

enable me to get the nece5S.ary amount or inductunee for tuninz with but a small f~l~­

of tion
the

coasf~.

the of

ohmic resistance inductances or

neces::::!l.ry in tran5former.:;

formed CYlindrical concJ'uctors.

lly moun.ting the rotary gap the end of the !.!enerator itself I to asoicl the poSsibility of angu

la<hlroiDudsi~isnnpaglb-~lceOetI­l;

ment which is upt to occur when the. hon5mg

and dynamo haYe separate By forming n discharge

fgoaupnd3a5noonfs.b~lls

il'·'

the double throw switch !)la to the recei,·er· !H hnvino- a Yerv br:re diameter m proportwn

o~t rhr~go:hthferesqeunednicnyg

transformer 92~ 93 alternator and 9-! a

being j send-

to th~ distance get a re]ief gnp

between them I am able tll which·breaks down.at prac-

45 mg key: !J;j a capacity and !Jo an inductance. tically the same potential for high fre- llt)

50

m~oAnncddlturcacch~ni~Ysrpfcaeoculiyritmt}c·eocr9no8n8n~e8tca.atine8ndd8in'btg~ih·sismtchoec~niarnnciesuncidot~eufdcitnthtaeontuctarreansne9sci7s--
Scfoia'.pr_maceIirntyntoh!.)i.s)9. !w)ai'.n:ft·lo~ucbtthynenaf'dct>ijruc·!sJutGiitnagcnotdnhteasicneocinuop(nJl~'iltnnhgrv~e

qnencv whose

ddiisscchhaarrOg~'esY! oalstagfoerislopwracatnicd:1lallyso_inodnee-

pendent_ of the time which the Yolt:1ge 15 ap··

plied. Havina- thus described

m' inY"ennon

and

11.~

dilelsuisrteratotesdecittisreusbe:~.

what I Letters

ciaim as new
Patent, is the

·and fol-

turns. an'l dectl'lf'al constants of the trans- lowin(J':

55 former E7. the transformers !JD and 88 are

~amb·l.enmtto.s

•:a use in the

the effects conducfors

produced by S.) nn(l 86 to

the co-

mcH}e m P.hase. Thus by means of the re-

eo

s,-oertshma tg th~ew.r~theahse10r0elIa~aimon

able may

to be

arrange it correct for

· .. ':nn·~ a.rrrnng or bemg:

osirdebeSi•)n~o

f the sent

antenna. Oltt fron1;

or th

efsoesrnirtiwcnon8u-~±t.sfraornrt:n~nh!·e!~

1. fn wireless te]egra.ph apparatus, combination of an oscillating circuit

the con-·

1~.1...\

taining tionary

at. esrpmairnkalgs~apawgiethnearaptolur~ralaitymooYf asbt:ll.e-

mt>mher of tating pnrt

the of

tshpeargk-egnaepratmoro: uannteddlo?neana~

roto

change .the sp_nrk. frequency for. Signalmg, l~.J

Inni·incaulsttmofo~-thoenstpsaormk egaopf. the statiOnary ter·

In F1g. 1.'5 is shoYrri another arrang-ement.

Here cycle

d11y2n~imso,a.

:::team 113 a

turuine: 111 rotary spark

gisapa~

;)00 11-l

:L In wireles tdegraph apparatus, the

)31~. combinati
taining :1

on sp

awrkithg~apn

oscillatorv circuit con\Yith several stationary

rftr.

... _..

~,:;~~~e~~t!,;fu~~!~:::rgof~; ~~7ihr:'t=~~:~fi~h~fd 1~a~:t~~~~;d'~ 761
. 2J spark g\lR and means to adjust the position said inductance being formed of flat strips

of .t}fe stationary sparking electrode to vary to provide for low _ohniic resistance.

. . -~

5 the sparking ..poin.t on .the potential <;urve, 3lld key operated means to change th~ spark

5. In high powered wireless .telegraph apparatus, the combination with an oscillating

:::.:~
'1

fi-equency. · · · .

·· ·

circuit c?ntai~ing a rotary sp~rk gap, a con- --i

3. The ~ombination with an oscillating denser, 1nductance, a protectn·e spark gnp 30 ;

circuit having a pluralitY of stationary ter': around the. rotary gap and a secondary of a ;

10 mirials forming electrodes of a spark gap transformer, of a generator, a circuit coh-

~"lei·ein, of a series of rotating elements taining the primary of said transformer~ an

a forming one electrode. said stationarY ter- extra inductance~ and a key arranged to
mina.ls containing c'ooling means, sur- alte.r the effect of said induciante for sig- 35

.n>unding casing around the revolving ele- nalinf!". substantiallv as desc.ribed. · ~

15 ment and the series of stationary terminals In ·-testimony whereof I have hereunder
protruding 'therein, and electrically 9per- signed my name in tl1e presence of the two

ated .mea...'1S to change the number of acth~e subscribed witnesses.

. .

t~rminals.
4.· Apparatus for wireless telegraphy,

REGIXALD A. FESSEXDEX.

~o .con1prising the· combination o:f a, generator '\Vitnesses:

circuit, indudance therefor. an oscillator~·

JESSIE E. BE~T.

d~cuit including a rotary spark gup, an aux-

FLOHE:XCE )I. LY.ox.

· Copies of this :paten~ may be obtained fDr five cents each, by addressing the "Col:llilissioner o! l'atents, Washing;ton, D. C."

".

-

1,220,006.

J. H. ROGERS & H. H. LYON.
WIRELESS SIGNALING SYSTEM.
APPLICATIO• fiU.D •ov. 10, 1116.

Patented Mar. 20,1917.

mTED STATES ·PATENT OFFICE.

lA.llfES HARRIS ROGERS m HENRY B. LYON, OF HYATTSVILLE, ltARYLA.ND.

'WlltELESS SIGNALING SYSTElL

1,220,005.

lpedlc:aUon of I.cttersl'atent. Patented·l\1:\r. 20t 191'1.
AppUcation !le4 lfoTembu 10, 1111. lerlal :Ro. UO,act.

To all1Dhom it may cone~:

rntus in the wireless signaling system here-

Bf:' it lmo"·n thnt" we, .TAltEB H. RooERs and Ih:~nT H. I.~1·ox, citizens of the Unitecl States, !'Psiding ·at Hynttsville, in the count'\" ~ of PrincP Georges nnd Stnte of )Inrylrm,l,
haYe invented new and useful Imp~nts in 'Yire]c~ Signaling Systems, of wbtch the

innftt'r described and claimed, alld illus- .

truled in di::~gr.1m in the nccompa.nying

drawings, in which-

80

J.'igurc 1 is 11 system in 'vl1ich 11 single an-

tennn. is shown below the surface of the

enrth, but im;uJated therefrom by being

following is a specific:J.tion.

.

mounted within a conduit;

Our invention relntes to the trr.nsmission Fig. 2 is a similar view showing two an- 85 10 of electrical impulses or oscilln.tions to n dis- tennru ext.cnlling in o~posite directions;" ·.

t:mcc, primarily for the purpose of conT'eJ- Fig. 3 is n vie'~ sim1lar to Fig. 2, hut with

ing intelligence, n.nd it pertains to m('nns for the instruments of a sending s•.ation; and

both sending nnd receiving.

Fig. 4 is a simil:tr Yiew showing in wholt>

. In sy~·ms of "n·i~le~ sending and receiT'- lint's the nntenn~ consisting of insulated 70

15 mg now in genera] use, one or more con- "'ire buried helon- the surlnce of the ground. ductors or capncitil'S are employed dispo~d nef~ring to the drnwi:lgs, signal in..~ru­

abo\e the surfnce of the enrth, which con- ments nre indicated ::~t 10, nn<.l in Figs. 1 and ductors or capnr.ities ~r\·e to rndinte or re- 2 are those of the l"«'t'i,·ing station, v.·hile in cei\e the impulses in the ~nding or receh-- Fig. 3 the insh·uments of a ~nding statior1 7$ 20 ing of rn··~ges. Such eleYated conductors .are shown. In rigs. 1 and 2, 11 is B detedor

are costly to erect Dnd maintain, RS to obtain of nny typ(', preferably an audion, 12 a telt>-

efficiency nnd long-distance transmission it phone, anrl 13 and 14 ::re the usunl con-

is necesS:lry to hn\e them nt considernble clis- densers. .:\ ny desired type of i_nstr:uments

tan~ aboYe the surface of the earth. 'This and arrangement of connecting ctrcu1ts may 80

25 necessitates expensive to''"P.rs and masts, nnd .be employed.

moreol"er both the conduct6rs nnd the towers The surhce of the earth is indicnted nt 15.

or rna~ are exposed to wenther conditions- and the antenn:t at 1ft This latter extends

wind stonns, ]i~htning, snow nnd it'e-'\\"hich in a directi(ln snhsbnti:tlly hririzontal, and

often impede or entirely pre,·ent the opera- as sho"·n in the figures is preferably buried 85

:lO th·e use of the sYstem. "'\Ve are awnre t!Jnt ht»lo"· the surfnre of the enrth. Referring
it has ~en proprosed also to employ a con- particular]~· to Fig. 1, the antenna is mount-

ductor eleYnted nbove the earth in connec- ed within n ronduit or pipe 17, preferably of

tion with n bnried conductor.

any snitnhlc non-conducting material such

Our inYtsntion hns for· it~ principal ohj<'Ct n~ ·terra rnttn. The monnting within the 10

sr; thC' pro,·i!"ion of n sy!:-tem not snbJe<•t to the l-nnduit rnay II{' nf n!tV preferrt'rl type, thnt

nuovc objections; a system 1n '\\"hirh the shown hcin~ h"# mounting the nntenna upon

communication, both sendin~ ~tnd receivin:!, n S<'J"i('s nf Jngs or projections 18 extending is clenr nnd l'ffc.cth·e; in "'·hich the communi- upwnrdly from the :bottom _of the co!ldui~

c:~tjon is SE."ll'eth·e nnd the direction of trnns- 1· rom thr c~nri of the condmt connection 1s V5

4o mission may be rendily determined; in which macle ~tw..t•n the :mtenna and the signa] inmultiple trnnsmi~sion may be effeded; and sh·nm~nt~. The :mtenna is thus intimately

in which the ~nding and .receh·ing of mes- aAAod•1teri with the e:1rth throughout its

sages to nnd from stn tions on land :1ncl on J~ngth but is insulatE-d therefrom nnd, it is

w:lter rn!ly proceed independent of wcnther lx.-Jie,·ed, a cunsider:1ble portion of the 100

4~ conditions.

~rth's surfnce nht>ut the Dnf..enna. thus co-

Vie h:n·e discoYered thnt signn]s cnn be opcrot('S "n·ith i he latter in sending or receiv-

~nt and rt't"t'h·ed with great fncility hj the ing oscillations.

employment of wires lm:-icd lx-neath the The co(jper"tion of the :mtenna. with ~

·surface of the ('..nrth but insulnt.ed therefrom ~ound cnnf\R<:'t ion or a seeond antenna is. 105

60 ,;ubstantin lly throughout their length Rnd d('sirablc for prnrx-r trnnsmission or r~p­

ertendin~ in diruction sub~tantiAlly para_llel tion of signnls. nnd in Fig. 1 we have there-

to the e.'1t1h's surface, so thnt while the wtres fo~ shown tht- other siu~ of the instruments

a"'a~ not jn rlire-:t contnct with the earth they intimately associated therewith.
ar. The invention con~ists in the nm·el fu-
tures and combinations of circ>J.it.s and appa-

connE>Ctf'u to ~'Tound plate 19. Fig. 2 is an tmbo<liment of the inYention 110
iu which two nnt..nn"' are employed extend- ~
ing in opposite di=tions, the &e-cond an-,~

~~~~==~~~~

• 1,5120,()01

tenn:1 20 being conned.ed in place of.. the may be Jnade withont dcpnrling from the

ground plnte 5hown in Fig. 1. ·This nr- 1;pirit. of fJ1e invention Jlnu nll such we aim

rnngement ia mr.re efl'ecth·e than with the to 1ncluue' in the scope of the uppendetl

use of thB ground Pl~'te.

clAims.

60

I In order to obt.nin tJ•e mnximum efficiency For instance throughout tht. se\·erul fi~-­
it is desirahle to hu·e the Antennre disposed ures, t.he signal instrumt.nt.s nru shown ~· in a line at right an~es to the wat"~ fronts, cin.tetl wi~b the anunn4 or nntcnnre by ir.ui-

and in order that thts may be nccomplished rect coupling, but mny be associated there·

for the different directions n plurality of with in Any other manner de.c;ired.

-G~

10 nntennw nre employed extending outwnrdly It will be St"en nlso that while the si~nl
of in clifferent directions but snbs~mtinllv hori- in!-itrnment.~ n1-e •dunvn cliac,'l-:ammatienlly
zontal nnd para1Je( to the SllrfiLa! t)U~ nhu,·e the ~arth, thPy will in prnctiee ofttn·

e.'lrth, nnci um]Pr the stnface ns nlnoady e~­ l)e udnnlly )o<.·at4'\J in '' pit below the ground plninPd. This nrrnn~emrn1. is fully set forlh le\·cl or entirely nn,]tl·gromul bt·tween the 70

15 1n om· npplicntion Serinl No. 130,603, fileu nnt.enmc, ns tilwwu in Fig. 4. \Vh"n the NO\'embe1· 10, 191G, to which 1-efcrenre i~t nn~nmc nr·~ t•ntin•Jy underJ!Toamd, the cf-

made for complete details. It is therefore fcch; of liJ,!htuing on the l"CCci\·ing of siwuals

thought unnecessary to illustrate or descl'iue 111'1-\ nearly eliuunntecl, so t.hat only sli~ht such arrangements in the present applica- clicks are heart! insteau of loud prolon~~d 75

20 tion.

hissing.

Fig. 3 shows the same arrangement os It will\ be understood that the system

Fig. 2, but with sending instnaments instencl wm·ks with either &"Ust.Ained oscilln tions or

of receiving instruments. These lntter com- clnmped v•aYe tnLins.

prise o. generator 21, trnnsfm·mer 22, spnrk '\'l1nt we clnim and desire to secure by so

25 gap 23 nnd condenser 2-i. Any other send- Letters ]>utent of the United !5tut.eH, i&-

ing arrnnJ!ement and instruments mao.y be 1. A. wireless trJn£mission nnd recejltiau

employed instead of those shown.

system comprising an nntenna e.xtt•nding in

Referring now more particularly to Fig. direction snb~tnntially parallel to nnd buri£'<1

4, in place of the conduit or pipe, an ordi- uncler the surl~~ce of the ea1·th bnt it.sul,Lted 85

30 nary 1nsulnting rra\·elop for the &ntennn. is therefrom substantially throu;!hout it,

shown at 25, and fr~r this purpose the an- length.

· ·

. ~nna m11y be an ordinary insulated wire of 2. A wireless signnling system conqlrisin~

the proper size nnd length. It. may be buried electromagnetic wu\'e ~ihrnal instrunuml<;, nu

benca.th the surface of the e.n.rth, as already nntenna extending outwn1·clly therefrom, a ~G

15 explained.

second antenna e.xtendi11~ in the opposite di-

The inYention ·is also applicable to the rection, S:lid nntennm bein~ pal111lel to nnu

surface of the earth where there is water. buried under the surface of the enrth but in-

For instance, on ·the sea coast the antennm sulated therefrom substnntially throu~h.out

mny b~ run out from the shore into the tla-ir length, snid instruments being connt""Ct· ~5

40 \\•ater, and although insulated from the lnt- ed between said ant.enn~.

ter it· is so closely associated therewith thnt 3. A l••ireless tr:Lnsmis.:iion nnci reception

tt,er~ is a co()pention between the antenna system rompri~in~ nn ;antenna extencling in

and the surrounding w:tter in the senrlin~ clin'f'tion subst~ntially pandlel to anrt buriL·d

and recei ,·ing of oscillntiuns. 'fhe in~".l)nted un,le!" the ~:;urfa~ of the cartla .:a~ICl a c·un· 1 oo

45 &Ultenna. may nlso b6 employed for sending cluit. in which sai,lnntennn is insulatt·tl suh-

ard receiving signals to a.nd from ve5sels in stnntially throughout it.s )pngth frona the~

the manner fully set. forth in our abo\·e men- enrth.

· "

·

tioned application, i~ being hel~eved unnec- In testimonl "·hereof we hnn~ hereunto

essary to fully d~ee these arrangement& set our han<hs 1n presence of two ~ubscribing- 106

&0 here.

witnesses.

In accordanca with the patent statutes we

JA1uc~S HARRIS ROGER~.

have described wh4 we now believe to be

HENRY H. LYON.

the best c.mbodimea-.~ of the invention, but

v.re do not wish' to be understood thereby as Wit.nesses:

65 limit.ing ourselves Or the scope of the inven-

JoHN GmsoN,

tion, as many ch.angc.s a.nd modifie&tions

S. WILLUlS: FoRD.

1,803,729.

J. H. ROGERS.
WIIHUS SIGIAUIG IYU£M. A.PrUCAilll fiLII JAI. II. 1111.

}Ja~ted llay 13. 1919.

UNITED STATES.PATENT Q]']'lCE.
ZAlltES E.Ali.RIS :U.OGE:B.S, O'R HYATTSVILLE, lU.:B.YL.&.Jm.

1,303,729.

lpe.c:i!caUo11. ofi.ett.en l'aunl Patented May 13, 1919.

AppUcaUn !le4 Z&1l1l&l7 10. 1911. lerlall'lo. !70,5'5&.

nn To whom it 17UlY COftC.!rn:

.

20 is a source of current, -2i a. key, and 22 a..

Be it known. thr.t I, JAltr.s H.uuus Ho0as, spark gap in an oscillsting circuit ·which

a citi7..en of the United States, residing ~t · includes winding 15 of the coupling. This

Hyatt.sYille, in the county of Prince Georges &eliding RPJ>aratus is of cou~~ on the vessel. 10

& o.nd St.1te of :Maryland, have invented new .Any dP.Slred e1ect.romab'net.ic W3Ve signal·

and useful Impro~ements in Wireless Sig- . instruments mn.y be employed, th015e shown

naling Systems, of which the following is a being merely illustrative.

s~ific:s.tion.

• . • From the foregoing it will be seen that. the

!Iy in,·ention l"elates to radio signaling, radio conducf.or constitutes with the electri- II

10 nnd has for its object the pro,·ision of an ·cal connection through the Tessel a Joop

improved system fo1 use in connection with oseiJJating circuit which will oscillate in re-

Yesse.ls. particulArly submarines.

sponse to electromagnetic waves bPi!lg re-

The in""'ention comprises the employment eeived. or set up by tJte sending insfrcments.

of an insulated ra-dio conductor or antama A suitable tumng condenser 23 is proTided 70

16 suitnb~y mounted upon the submarln& but to tune this oscillating circuit to the proper

insulated therefrom except at the outer ends :frt'~uency. It will also be obsen·ed that the

"'here it. is in electrical connection with the rad1o conductor is carefully insulated

metallic body of tht~ vessel Electromag- throughout its len£t}J betwee.n its ends, so netic "'ave sending and receiving inslru- that it cannot nulke electrical conn~d.ion 71

20 mcnts are tlrranged t.o be associated with the ~ith the v~l, or the water when lbe sub-

said conductor al a. point. intermediate its matrine is submerged.

ends, in any suitable ma.rmer.

llhile I have described a. specific embodi-

The in,·ention consists in the novel system, ment of the invention, this is only by way

and arrangement of apparatus and Cll"CUiis ·of illustration, and it will be unrlerstood 10

!S hereinafter described and dn.imed, &nd that modi.ficntions may be made vdtbout de-

shc·wn in the aceompn.nying drawings, in purling from the invention. For insta.nre,

which drnwin~

the electriCAl connection between the ends -

Figure 1· shows a. submarine ·vessel of tbe radio conductor ma.y be made by a

equipped with the invention, a portion of metallic conductor other taian the bull of 81

3o the vessel being in section. and the wireless the v•.sc:el.

apparatus and circuits for receiving mes- I c~aim:

.·

.

sages being diagrammatic;

· ·

1. The combination with a vessel, of a

Fig. 2 is 11. diagrammatic view ol eonven- radio conductor extending longitudin:llly

tiona] sending apparatus and circui~ for thereof but insulated therefrom and irvm tO

35 use with the system of Fig. 1 for the purpose the ''atcr except st ilo:; ends which make

of sending signals.

eleclrica.l connection with the ,·esse], an e1ec-

Referrin8' to the crawings, 1q indie3.tes tric~l connection between sa.~d- ends of the

the metallic hull of a subma.nne veesel, which may be of a.ny type or construction,

rad10 1

conductor

through

GBJd

vessel,

a.nd

·

electromagnetic sigr.a.ling instruments assn- 15

(0 11, 11' indicate an insula~.e<i radio conductor ciated with said radio conductor at a. point

M mounted as to bE. elactric:Jly insulated between its ends.

from the ''essel and t.he w\ter except at its 2. The eombinatio:1with a submarine ves-

outer ends where the portion 11 is connected sel having- a mcta11ic hull, of an insulated

at 12 to the bow of the hull and pcrtion 11' radio conductor e.xte.nding Jongitudi:tu Ily 100

.(5 is conn~cte.d at 13 to the &~rn of the hull tltereof and connected electrically at its ends

Associated with the n.dio conductor, with. said hull, whereby a loop aocilbting

prefern.bly at some point between its ends, circuit is provided, and electromagnetic.

~trc electromagnetic Rign.a.l instruntent& .!3 signaling instruments ~~~•ted ...-ith said

.shown conventional1y, receiver 14 is in cir- ]ooped oscilhting circnit.

101

60 cuit with winding 15 of an inductive eoo- S. The combination with a sub!!larine ves-

pling of which the other winiirtg 16 is eon- se] ba,ring a met.Ulic hu11, of an insulated

r"!Ctes] to tl1e ra<lio conductor 11, 11'. 17' is radio conductor e.."t'Umding longitudinally

the mmal detector, which ma.y be en a.ndicn., thereof a.nd connected electriolly.a.t its ends

anrl 18 _and .19 are the usual C?nd~rs.

'"f!itb. aa!d hull\ whereby ~ loop oscillat~g 110

II Swdmg Instruments !!.nd Clreutts for ru;e e1rcu1t 1s· prov1ded, a. turung condenser m with the system ue shown in Fig. 2, whemn. nid oscillating circuit, and electromagnetic~

~~~

~tignaling in~rumenta asaociat.ed "'ith Mid looped oscillating circuit.
4. The combination with a submarine vee· sel having a metallic hull, of an insulated
radio conductor extending Jongitudinal)J
thereof and connected electrically at ita ends
with said hull, whereby .a loop oecillat.ing

rin·uit is pnJ\'iued, electn>mu~m·tic Mignal instruments &alCia&.ted ..,.·ith Raud rlldio conductor between ita enda, and a tuning con· 10 denser in circuit with snid conductor.
In testimony whereof I have henunto set
my ha.nd. JAMES HARRIS ROGERS.

Ottl• e1 Ut.Sa ,atlat aar" •Malut t• In ••• IMk, '~ aur..tac tU .. Ce..s.toau of htata, -~-.c.·

1,303,730.

J. H. ROGERS.
IADIOSI&JIALIIG $\'STUll.
JPP\ItAtiOI rn.u JAI. • '· un.

Patented l!ay 13. 1919.

UNITEP STATES P .A.TENT OF'!i'ICE.

J.AKES HARB-:S li.OOJ:U, OJ' I!YAT"l'Svn..LE, lUB.n:..urD. ~IOSIOll.A.I.IllG SYS'l'Ell.

1,303,'730.

,,.d£aaUoa •t Lcttcn :rauat.. Patented )lay 13, 191D.

AppU~tdoa Alc4.Juurrll, 1111. lcr1al Jle. 170,US.

u To all teMin. may coacera:

In carrying the invention into efi'td the

Be it known that I J~la.& lliuJa Roo· met.a.llic covering, screen or cn.sing of th6 11

ua, a citizen of the United States, resid- radio conductor or anten.n& is nude &ee'·

ing at Hyatt.~nille, in the county of Prince tiona!, the aections being insulatt'<) from

1 Ge.orgea knd St.a.te of Maryland, have in- each other by rubber haDe, such ns pnleD

veJ!ted new and useful Improvementl in h06e, or equi"Jale.nt.

R~iosignaling ~y~ of wt1ich the fol- Th& invention roru;ista in the non~) eon- 10

]owlng lS a 6pectficat1oo.

'traction and arnngement. of spparatn11 an,l

My inveuhon relat~ to radio signaling parts thereof · for senrling ond n.uh·ing

10 systams and a.pparntus for &e.nding and rc- radio signals hereinafter de::;cribed and

ceiving 6ignals through apace by means of cla.imed, and illustnted in til& nct:ompany-

electromagnetic wav~ and it l"el&tes par- ing dra.win'fS, in which drn.wings.-

11

ticularly to that portion c,f such &y&tems l4'igure 1 1s a dingn.mmo.tic view shou-ing

known as the a.ntennL

.

the antenna. buried benbath the surface of

lA I have discovered that radio conductors the earth, receiving instrun1ents being •~

or antame ar& highly efficient. when dis- ciated with the antenns;

~ horizontaUy or substantially parallel Fig. 1• shows & conventional arran_gement 70

to t.he surface of the earth but compl~Jy of &ending instruments which may 0<- auO-

insulated .therefrom and inclosed in an in- stituted for the receiving instrumentlS for

20 closing metallic covering, &ereen or casing transmitting s.ignals, it beiug understood

practically throughout their entire length, that either the sending or r-ecei ,·ing instru' but insulated therefrom. Th~ metallic CO\"• ments shown in Fig. 1 u-e to be U5e(l in 71

eri~
which

thus the

liantctleorsiinsginthseulaatnetde,~ztAaIC1 ebsuut

fro:n p the

25 elect-romagnetic wal"es, in receiring, and

connection lvith the arn.ngements shom1 in

the F

irge.m1a'inisinag. lloingguirteus~·hnnl

section

of

one

of

transmits them to the antenna within at full the couplings or section connections, sho\Tn

&tre.ngth and el"en with greater effect than on an enlarged sca.le;

10

when the antenn& i~ used without the cover- FiG". 1• is a. trans,·era& S&.""tion taktm on

in~. .A highl~ ~ffident action is thus oh- the hne c-c of FiJ?. t~t;

IO t.a.1ned, the sta.t.ic 1s reduced, and at the same· Fig. 2 is & \'iew smular to Fig. 1 showing

time thE' ant~nna is fully protected from de- two nntenn~ e.xte.,ding in opposite di~

fArior~tion by the corroding a.ctinn of earth tions beneath ~he ~rl~\ce of the enrth, the 11

4nd water.

,

connectio~ for ;:;ignnling instn1mcnts being

In such a. systan it has been ·found ncc- loca.ted between ih& a.ntennze nnrl also be-

16 ~a.ry, in order to obtain the best results, to neath the surf~ of the earth;

employ radio conductors and casings of very Fig-. 3 is 1. view iimibr to FJ~. 2 but dloY-

considerable length, that is, 250 feP.t, 500 ing the antenna resting upo11 the surfaee of JO feet, 1,000 feet, or even 5,000 feet or more the eJt.rth with the ~gnlll instrumt!nt~ upon

in length. With the use of such long con- or above the surlae&;

40 ductDrs and casings, however, it is found Fig. 4 ~ & view similar to Fig. 3 but show-

that th~ static increases in proporti<Jn to the ing the antennm supported above the surla~

lenl!th, that is, as the length of conductor of the earth but in droe proximity thereto; tl

and casing increases, the st.:ltic increase3 in Fig. 5 is n. view simiJsr to Fi~-:. 2 in whica

E.bout the. same prorort.ion, and this increase the antennm are sl1own submerged in \\'"a~r.

4A in the static prevents obtaining the best re- Fig. 6 is a. vieT/ ~mi1n.r to Fig. 2 showing

sult&

a modification.

Now, it is the object of tl1e present inven- ~ferring to tha dn wi:lf!'S, · 10 indiaks 100

tion to redu~ the proportion which the the sign&! m.strumt•.r.t.s, which in Fig. 1 are

stAtic bears to the ]ength of tho n.dio con- those for receiYint: ~it:,rncls, while in F1g. 1•

10 ductor employed. A further object i.e; to ren- the instruments for se1•Jin!! signals an~

dt!r possible the eu,ployment of longer ra.dio shown. In Fig. 1, 11 1,.; a det.a:.-tur of any

· conductors or &.ntcnnJe in proportion to the type, pref~rably &n &.udion, 1~ a telephone, 10$

incoming waVb length.

and 13 a.nd H the usaJt.l condenc..e:r.l.. ..\.ny

:.:a.

desired type of instrume~ts llnd arrange- the an~nnae and their connecting cireuita

ment of connecting circuits may be em- are insulated from the water.

·

pJoyed.

Fig. 6 shows the employmrmt·of ground

In Fig-. 1• suitable sending instrument.~ are connections 30 !or the outer ends of the an-

& conventiOnally shown. These comprise a tenne.

70

~cnerator 15, transformer 16, spark gap 17, . In order to reduce tl1e static, as above in-

condenser 18 and key 19.

dicated, the casing 21 is divided into sec-

.The abo't'e-mentioned instruments are well tions 31, which sections ·may be of any. de-

known in the art of radio or magne+.ic ~-a,·e sired length, preferably very short, such as

u 10 signaling, and need not be further described. ·sixteen :feet for instance. This pa:ticular tl
· 20 is an antenna for radiKting or ~l't'ing length is suggest.ed for the reason that it

electromagnetic waYes, and as S11own in Fig. the length of ordinary iron pipe which may ··

1 extends horizontally or suh!tantially par- be used for the purpose. The sections 31 ·

allel to the earth's surface and buried in the are connected to each other by insulatin1

15 e&rth. This o.ntenn& ma.y be of any suitable couplingw 32, which mav be made of rubber 10 or desired lenttth, a.nd is completely inclosed hose clamped to the in~tallic section• by

within & metallic co'·ering, casing or screen clamps 33 or other suitablo means.

·

21 which mn.y be a t.ube or pi~ of lead, iron Carefttl tests and experiments have shown

or any other suitable metal. The antenna is that by the employment of section~l metallic

20 insulated from tbe m~tallic COl"e-ring or cas- casi:lg in intimato contact with the earth 11

ing l•y mea.ns of insulation 22. It will thus but insulated from the radio conductor or

be ~n that while the antenna. is buried in antenna, the sections of the ca..cring being in-

the earth it is completely insulated there- sulated from each other and connected by
from a.nd from the metalhc covering or cas- couplings of insulating material, v~ mach ·

25 ing.

longer antennre may be employed than is tO

The receh·ing instruments shown in Fig. possible with the continuous metallic casing.

1 are as.<::oeiated with the a.ntenna br means .Also, when compariniZ' t.he use of antenne of

of an inducth-e coupling comprising wind- the same length, the static is much less with

ings 23 and 24 of a tranSformer, but ma.y bo the sectional casing.

~0 associated therewith in any other suitable It will be understood t1a.t while I have II.

manner. The other terminal of winding 24: showi.l and described arran~ment.s embody-

of the coupl}n& is connected to grounq at 25. ing my invent.ion in which one '8lltenna and

In the emnoaimcnt of the inTention shown alSo t-,.·o nntennre are employed, any desim

in Fjg. 2 the ground connection ic; replaced number may be used, and it is desir:lh1e to

!5 by a se\.ond antenna 20' extending in a direc- have them extend in the proper direction to 100

tion different from the direction of antenna obtain the maximum effect· both in sen~

as 20, the si~a.l instruments being ronn~d
between tne antennre indicated by tho

and t-eceiving of the electromagnetic wa?-. For this purpose a. nU!Ilber of antennae may

windjng 24 of the indcctive coupling. In be employed rl\diating in different directions

40 this figure also is shown the arrangement by from the instruments, nnd suit.Pble switching 101

which the signal instruments are loca.k~ in mechanism ma. v be provided for connectiq the chamber 26 below the surfar.3 of the any one or mo"r"C of the antennre to the ~-

earth.

· nal instrument& Such an arrangement 11 .

Fig. 3 shows an arrangement si.milar to sho1Vn and dPscribed in the pendin~pplia-

fiS Fig. 1 but with the employment of a second tion of myFelf jointly with Ifenry a Lyon, !18

antenna 20' in place of the ground connec-

tion shown in Fig. 8.

·

mS.adNeo.fo1r30t1u6r0t3h, ctro

which petails.

referencs is hera so that it is tm-

. -Fii'. 4 shows an a.rra.nge.ment similar to necessary· to describe such an arrangement
Fig. 3, but with the antennm slightly ele- in this applicAtion.

50 vat.ed a.bove the sur-Ia.ce of the earth by It has ~n stated that the inventitm in l.LI·

·means of struts or pin.c; 28. ·Thus while the applie2ble to the surfac~ of the earth whera .

antennm extend substantially parallel wit.h there is water, one such application being

the surface of the earth, the metallic cover- illustrated in Fig. 6. It will be u.rtderstood ·

- ing or casing is not in direct contact with thl:' also that the invention is also applicable to

&56 e~rth but is ~vnnted therefrom by a. short ships at sea, but as the employment of my 1:0

spi!.Ct'.. It me.y or may not be in.."'llJated from new antenna arrangement in such connoction

the earth acccrdinsr to the material of which is obvious it is though that illuatn.tion i:J
the struts or pizis 28 n.re msdc, that is unnecessary.

wbt'ther they a~ of conducting or of _;non- In -accordance with the pn.t.ent st.a.tutes I .

tO conducting materiaL

· ·

have described what I now believe to be tho 121

Fig. 5 snows the employment of two a.ntennre submer~ beneath the surface of tho earth whf!re tEe~ is water, the water being indicated ~t 29. Here the metallic CO'lering
~' 11 or t><Sing is in eontact with the water, Uut

01 best ~mbodiment of the invention, but I do
not -,.·ish to be understood thereby as limiting myself or the seo~ of the invention, a.s many ~htnws and modificatiom ma-v be
m&da without departin~~; from the !!pir1t

~

-~;;;~~;;'~

~ ;;~~ ~

•

the invotion and allauch I aim to iacl-. ita leu£tb, and lii!W inatrumanta a-rlaW

in the acope of the appended clai.ml. .-:· . What I c1a.im u new and deeira tu ~

with •id llltann&. ·

.· "

'-A radio .Ugn&li~ ayltem compri.m1

by Letten Patent of the United States ia: aa ant~a ·extending horumrtally aub.td-

1 1. A radio ~ing ~ compn.iDC tially parallel to the surface of the earth, &

an antenna· extewJing hor1:0ntally aubltan- met&llie roverini for aaid &ntenn& com-

cove::£ tially parallel to~ aurfa'"--e of the earth and prising sections Insulated from each other

insulated therefrom, a metallic

~nd inclObing nid antenna. but insulated

· comprising sectior&a insulated from

therefrom, Mid metallic covering ~

ana 10 other and 1nclo.ing said antenna throuahout buried in the earth with its aectiona in inti-
. its length but insUlated therefrom, q- mate contact there11:ith, and signal inatm-.

nal instrument& aaociated with aid &D· menta aaaociated with aaid ·antenna. - 41

tenna. . :

.

6. A radio signaling system comp~

2. A radio lignaling aptem compriaing aipal instnlments, an anunna extendini

15 an antenna extending bonmntally aubet&D· outwardly therefrom, a .cond antama u-

tially panllel to the aurfa.ee of the. e&rth, & &ending in ~ di11erent direction, aid a.nt..nn.

metall1c covering compriain( ohort 8eetiona bei~ mbata.ntially parallel to tha aurf4c:a of 41

m.u- eonnected by eoup]..inp of Insulating ma- the earth but insul~t&d therefrom t.nd aid

terial and inclosi~ said antenna. but

inatruments being connected between said u.

20 lated therefrom, and signal instrument. a.a- tenne, and a metallie coverin_J for u.ch of

soci&ted with said antenDL

said &DUnn., comprising lect10n1 insulatad

3. A radio signaling ~.urn comprising from each other a.nd inclcaing the &nt.mna H

an antenna. ~ding honzontally aub&tari- throughout i~ length bat. in.sul&ted tha.

tially parallel to the flllrfa.ca of the earth, a from.

.

15 metall1c ~vering comprisinJl aed.iou inm- In tatimony whereof I have hereunto - '

lated from eadl other and inclosing said an- my hand.

tenna but in.aulated thefthom and in eon-

tact with the larth substantially througho~

J.AMES HARRIS ROGERS.

1,315,862.

J. H.. ROGERS. .
RADIOSIGNALJNG SYSTEM.
APPLICATION FILED JAN. 11, 1.918.

...:

.. .

· ~-

~-8.

/IJ/Sf..lLfTeo
\ ca.v.a.::toro.e ·--
elttotH.C\f

STATES PATENT OFFICE~

JAMES HAltRIS ROGERS, OF HYA'l'TSVItL~, MARYLAND. :a.ADIOSIGNALING SYSTEM.

Speci1lcation ot Letters Patent. Patented Sept. 9, 1919.
Application filed 1anuary 17, 1918. Serial No. 212,198.

whom it may concern:

thereto, instead of being included in ·a com-

it known that I, J.uiEs HARRIS RoGERs, plete mag-netic circ~Iit as shown in Fig: 1;

of the United States, residing at }"ig. 3 is a· view similar to Fig; 1 showing

ille, in the county of P~ince Georges. the radio ~onductor coil buried in the earth 60

State of ~Iaryland, have mvented new but insulated therefrom;

useful Improvements in Radiosignaling Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 _showing

n:u~u··"· of which the following is a speci- the radio conductor coil immersed in water.

Referring to the drawings, 1_0 indicates the

invention relates to radio signaling signal instruments, "·hich in Fig. 1 are those 65

in which radio conductors or an- for receiving signals, while in Fig. 1• the

are employed in sending and receiving instruments for sending signals are shown.

through space by m_eans of electro- In Fig. 1. 11 is a detectar'of any type, pref...~-.,...,.,.,.,·,,.. ,\-aves, and it relates more particu- erably an' andion: 12 a· telephone, a~d 1~ and

to the :trrangement and disposition of 14 the mmnl condensers. Any desired type 70

conductors or antennre.

· of instruments and ~rrangement of connect-

experiments have shown that coils of ing- circuits may be employed.

of various shapes and sizes, act with a In Fig. 1a suitable sending instruments are

degree bf efficiency as radio conductors conPmtwnally shown. These comprise a

used beneath the surface of the earth, generator 15, transformer 16, spark gap 17, 75

possess the nch·antage of greatly redue- condenser 18 and key 19. ·

the static. Such coils mav be b'uried in · The above-mentioned instruments are well

earth. lowered into drv "·ells, or snb- known in the a·rt of radio or maanetic wave

d in water in wells vor in bodies of sig-naling. anfl need not be further described.

covering portions of the earth's sur- The rarlio conductor or antenna is shown 80

The coils mav be composed of bare at 20, and as illustrated consists of a coil or

so wound that ..the coils are separated spiral wound upon a suitable frame 21. The

each vther, such C'oils being used out coil illusti;_<tte<l is flat, that is the turns lie in

ta·et with the groun<l or i·ater, and the same plane, and are secured to the frame

blv insulated wire when the coil is to 21 in any suitable manner as by being fitted 85 Immerv~3ecl in water or buried in the in notches formed in the frame for that pur- ·

pose. '\Vhile this 1s the preferred form of

·. g these coils I may and preferably coil, it will be understood that other forms

nde them in a closed. oscillating cir- may be adopted and may be fonnr1 to work which is snitablv as~ol'iated with the satisfactorily. This coil is placed beneath 90

aling instruments:

the earth's surface, as shown in Fig. 1 by

iiwention COn!-iiStS of the llOYel COn- being- lowered into a well or other depres-

ction anll arrangement of apparatns sion in the earth. The coil is preferably ar-

parts thereof for sending anrl rerci \·in:,r rangerl in a vpJ·tical plane. ancl is pl:tC'P<l at

signals hereinafter (lescribc<l and right angles to the wave fronts of the elec- 96

~~~&Jumcn._ anrl illustrated in the accompany- tromagnetic waY<'S to he racliatNl or rceein'<L

drawings. in which drawing-s-

in onler to ohtnin the maximnm etfPct. The

gurc 1 -is a (liagi·arnmatic ,-icw shmYing well referre<l to is indicated at 22 and the

·radio conductor or coil beneath the surface of the earth at 2::l.

h's snrfacf'. hnt insulated therefrom. rein~trnment:-; bein!! associatecl with
radiatin!! concln('tor ~ ~
ie-. P sho-ws a c·onven:t1onal arrang-ement

The radio conductor is conn<'{'tecl in a 100
closed oscillating circnit indicatrcl in Fig. 1 hv conrlnctor~ 2+ and 2:> ronnrcterl to th<'. r~spc<·tin~ Pn<ls of the raclio con<l11ctor 20~

senfling instrumt>nt.s which may be sub- ancl to the C'oil 2H nf the in<lncti,.·e coupling

ted for the rC'ceh·ing instr:n'nents for the other mrrnher of which is indicated at lOS

,..,....."'"''nittin:,r !'ignab. it' being nncler:=-:toocl eith<'r th~ recri dnl! or sendin!! instruare ~'mployc<l with the arran"g<'ments . in thC' remaining fig11res ~

27. Tht> closr<l o~cillatin!! circuit thus in-
clncles the mdio conductor coil nncl a coil of the inclnctin~ conpling or transformrr
through which the rrcciving m· the transmit-

Ig. 2 i~ a \'i<'W similar to Fig. 1 hnt sho·w- tin!! circnits and instruments :11'<~ associate<l 110

thc circuit of the radio conductor coil for: SC'nding or receiving- sigrials. IHling a portion of t~e ground adjacent In the modification of circuitS shO\Vn i~

1,315,862

As Fig. 2, one terminal of the coil is connected trenches or in caves, etc.

such

to ground adjacent thereto, and one side of tions of the in ~.-ention are obvious

the circuit leading from the coupling coil2() thought unnecessary to illustrate

is connected to a second ground near the In the practice of the invention that

5 su.rface of the· earth. ·The first mentioned is greatly reduced ·and the directional

g-round is indicated at 28 and the second is obtained are excellent.

mdicated at 29. The earth connection be- From the above· it will be apparent that·

tween these two grounds 28 and 29 therefore radio conductor of great !ength may be

takes the place of one s_ide of the metallic ployed beneath the surface of the earth

10 circuit shown in Fig. 1 ancl constitutes a out necessitating a corresponding ...u .............."

portion of the closecl or-;eillating circuit in trench work or other labor for placing

which the coil is indullecl.

conductor beneath the surface. It will

In Fig. 3, the raclio comluctor or coil is be understood that the conductor may

shown burie<l in thP, earth but insulated made of any desired length according

15 therefrom, instead of being lowered into conditions or requirements.

a well or other cavity in the earth. In this The term "radio conductor" has been em-

connection it will he understood that the ployed throughout the specification and

conductor constituting the coil as well as claims synonymously with the term "anthe circuit conductors 2~1 and 25 are iu- tenna" to indicate the conductor from which

20 sula.ted so that the wire~ themselves do not the o:;cillations are radiated in sending mes-

come in elertrical contact with the groun<l. sages and are received when receiving mes- ·

In the arrangement shown in Fig: 4 the sages. · · ···-

·

coil is shown immersed in water, this may iVhat I claim as new and desire to secure

be considered as a portion of the earth's sur- by Letters Patent of the United States is-

25 face. Here also insulated conductors ara 1. A radio signaling system comprising

employed.

.

a coiled radio conductor beneath the surface

Throughout these various arrangements I of the earth and connected in ~t closed oscil-

have found that in receiving sii:,rt1als the lating circuit.

·

strength and clearness of the signals seems 2. A radio signaling system comprising a

so to improve as the depth below the surface of coiled radio conductor buried beneath the

the earth is increased, and the static is surface of the earth but insulated therefrom

greatly reduced by the employment of the and connected in a closed oscillating circuit.

coil below the surface of the ea-rth. Tests !3. A radio signaling ~ystem cm~prisi~g

which I have made with the coil immersed a coiled radio conductor Immersed In water 9

35 to a depth of fifty feet in water have given hut insulated therefrom and connected in a

excellent resultc;.

closed. osci11 ating circuit.

In the practice of my invention I do not 4. A radio sig-naling system comprising a

wish to be limite<l to the particular ar- coiled radio conductor beneath the surface

rangements sho,vn in the drawings or de- of the earth bnt insulated therefrom. ~~md 95

40 scribed above, but contemplate all snch connected in a closed oscillating circuit, and · ·.

changes as are within the scope of the invention. The invention is applicable to trench warfare for communicating between different portions of a trench or between dif45 ferent trenches. It is also applicable to various types of lund stations, and may

electrqmagnetic wave signal instruments in- ·.~~

ductively associated with said oscilla~ing ·:::">~

circuit.

,

. _:iiJ

rac5~.ioAc<r:an<dliuo.ctsoirgncao~linnegcts~ydstI~nma.ccolmosperdisionsgc.l!a-
latmg circtnt and..1n the form of a flat cOil

l~a~~O )~·~

be also used with advantage on portions of or spil"n.l beneath tho surface of the oi!arth ~~·

the earth where there is water, such as on but insulated therefrom and positioned at ;~ ·. ships at sea. where the radio conductor may rig-ht angles. to the wave fronts of th~ waves ~~

A 60 be mounted upon the ship in any suitable sent or recmved, and electromagnetlc wave ';.;a way or may be lowered oYerboard from a signal instruments associated with said con-

~essel. It will be understood also that it is ductor. ·.

.

. ~~{

J not necessary that the sending and receiving In testimony whereof I ha.ve hereunto set -~~

instruments should be abo\·e ground as illus5 5 trated, as these may be under the surface of

my hand.

. .

the ground in ~uitable chambers, bomb proof

JA)IES HARRIS ROGERS. --;

1,322,622.

J. H. ROGlRS AND H. H. lYON.
WUIEllSS SIGNALING SYS H M,
APPI.ItlTIDI FIUD lOY. II, 111t.

) 1utented NoY. 25, 1919.
l IMUU-IMUT I.

~.z.

--:,.·, .·,
.·/ ,
~x:r:;r#~/$2.;:1!;]/:1' -· -~~/:~-·-:~·>>/ --~;;:;~?
~o @1-=~.z.

C _/. ~J~I Re L

_

_

_2_0_-

~-M
M

"·

,·, ..

·•
1,322,622.

J. H. ROGERS AND H. H. L'tON.
WIUUU SIGNALIIIG SYSHM.
ArPLICAftOI IILU lOY. 10. 1111.
PatenWd Nov. 25. 1919.
J UlllTI-UUt J.

28 .

~6. /
..!12 ..Z6

26
2~

~
-Z.3 -ZL
~; ...ze

J. H. ~OGERS AND H. H. lYON.

WIRELESS SIGNALING SYST£•.
A"LICATIOI fiUD lOY. tl, nil.

rntentcd NoY. 25, 1919.

l IHtlTs-IJIUT J.

- ······--

....,./ /

.

J/')G?<-) • JO .

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

.JAX:ES E.. ll.OGEXS ..l.lfD lll!:.lB.T lL LYON, 0!' l!YA'I'TSVI.LU, ltt.AltYL.Ur.D.
WlltELESS BIGN~LDlO SYSTDIL

1,322,62-~.

lpec:11caUoa of LcU.en htcat. Patented Nov. 2-5, 1D19•

.lppJ:1oat1oa !led ......-:- 10, 1111. Serial Jlo. UO,ICS.

To all JI'Aom it 'IIUlY concern:

npp~r.1tus in the: wireless FtiJPlaling 1:J5ta.a 11

Be 1t knoll'"n thnt we, J.Aln:a H. Rocr~ hcrCJnuftcr c.lcscrJbeU and cl:umed, and illus-

anrl HE:sn1· 11. L1·ol', citi1.cn~ of the United trntccl in clingrnm in the ner.umpanying

States, residing nt Hyattsville, in \he county . tlr.1wings, in which_; ·

•o · 6 of Prince Georges and St!lf~ of lfary]and, }t"igtn-c 1 iR A system in which a lingle ]un·e in,·ent~ new and useful Improve- nntennn is sho,vn buried beneAth the aar-

ntents in "'irclcs..; Sibrnu.Jin·g Systems, of fnro of tJ1e eKrth, the signnl instrumr.n~ be-

which the followin~ ~ a specification.

ing those of a receiving ~t:ltion;

Our in,·cntion l'elates to t..'1e transmission Ji'ig. 1• shon-s the system with th<' antenna

10 of t1cctrical im:vulses or oscili:Ltions to a dis- lying along the surface of th~ ezLri.h in

tance, primarily for the purpose of convey- intimate cont:u:t there\vith substantially a1

ing inteJli~eru·e, and it ~t:uns to menns for throughout its length, the signal instrument.a

both sending antl receh·ing.

bein_g omitted;

In systems of wirelt~ sending and receh·- F1g. 2 is a ,·iew similar to Fig. 1 showing

16 ing llow in genl'f':ll u~ on" or more conduc- t-.·o nntcnn;e extending in opposite direc-

tors Clr c:Lpacities a:-e employed disposetl tions;

70

the nbo,·e the surface of the earth, which con- Fig. 2- is a ,·iew similar to Fig. 2. the an-
cluctors or Clpadties serve to rnrlinte or re- tenme being shown lying along surfuCf'

aaive t.he impulses in the sending or rec-eiv- o! the earth in intimutc l"Ontact. therewith
20 in~ of messages. Such elel"ated conductors su~tantially throughout their length in-
nre crn;tll" to erect and maintain, as to ob-. ~at~d ·of beinf buried ~neath the surface, 76 ta.in effic1ency and long-disfunce transmis- an,] the signn instruments being omitted t

sion it is n~ary to have them· nt consider- Fig. 3 is a ,-i~w similar to Fig. 2, but w1th

able distance abo\"e the surfaee of t.hc earth. the instrumP.nts of n S(>n<ling ~tntion;

26 This net·essitates expcnsh·e to\\·ers anJ Fig. 4 i'i n dingram showing in plan a
mnsts, and mo~ver both the cunducto1s plnrulity of nnteunm extending outwardly i:n ao

nnd the towers or m:l.Sts ttre ex~ to different directions·

v.·enther conditions-wind stm·ms, hgh&.ning, Fig. l is a similar view, including also

snow and ice-which often impede or en- F;l\·itching rr.cnns for m:tking the proper eon-

10 tirely prenmt the operuth·e use of tbe SJ:i- nections; tcm~ 'Ve are aware thn.t it has been pro- . Fi~. 6 show:'§ th~ in\"c.ntion npplied to the I.S

posed also to employ a conductor ele\"rLted earth'a surface upon the water·

above the earth in connection with a buried Fig. 7 is n. Yiew similar to Fig. 6: allow-

conductor.

ing nn additional fenture of the antenna:

11 Our invention hu for its principal object Fig. 7• is a detail of the form shown· in

the provision of a system not subjtrl to the Fig. 1;

: .

to

u.bove objections; A svstem in wJ,ich the Fig. 8 ~hows the &ntemln. supported on

communication, both sending and receiYing, the surfuce of the water;

.

is clear and effective; in which the commnni- Fig. D shows the antenna on the surf:le'e

40 cation is se.lecti\·e and the dirt'ct.ion of trans- of the eart.Q. below the surfa~ of the wa!M;

mis.'iion mny be readily dc~nnincd; in which And

16

multiple tr.1nsmission may be effecUd; a.nd Fig. 10 is a view similar to :Fig. 2, show-

i.!l which the sending and receiving of mes- ing U1e entir-e installation umlerground.
s.'lges to and from stAtions on la.nu and on Referrin~ to the dn.1rings, signal instna-

_., 11o·ater may proceed independent of weatller conditions.

ments and 2

are are

indicat.e<l those of a

r~et.ct ei1n01nga.nrdutiino

F~ 1 n, while

100

We have discot'ered that signals a.n be ·in Fig. 3 the instrument.:s of & aending au-

!tent nnu received with great f6A.ei1ity by the tion are shown. In Figs. 1 nnu 2, 11 i:s A employment of wires bid rlirt:ctly on, or uttect.or of any type, prefer-:1Lly an aodi~

60 buried in, the earth nnd in· intimatl) eontad. 12 n telephone, Md ll nnd 14 arc the uaual

therewith substa.ntially throughout their condenaen. Any desired type of in.ltrtl- 101

)en~h and parnllel to the surf:..ce..

1uents and a.rnn~n1ent of con:rl«~ cir-

.The invention also consiru in the no;el cuiu may be employed.
~ features and combin&tions of cin:ui~ and Thelllrlaca of l.ho earth .ia indbt"<i &t U, ~

:~·,:.:ex~::~.:an: bnt~e in=menL• may ~ ~

in 11. direction subst:mtia.llJ horizontal, conneet.N1 to any two or more desired. Also, ·

either upon tJr belo,. the surface of the for muJtipJa transmission separate instru-

ea.rth, nnd is preferably in contact with th6 ments may be connected to different pail~

& earth subst.nntially throughout its )Pngth. or groups.

.

· .

to

The antenna thus constitutes a ~und eon- Any pt?.ferred switching devicPS may be

n·ection along its entire ·]ength, and, it is be- employed to conned the inGt.ruments to tl·.&

1ieved, a considerable portJon. of the e.a.rth's antenne, a convenient nrrangemc.r.t being
surface about tite antenna thuc; coaperates shown in Fig. 5. The instruments are eon-

10 with the latter in sending or receiTmg os- nected to bus wire., 30 llnd 31, ancl each rin- 7&

eillations.

tenna 16, 18, 25, 28 is connected to a switch

Instead of being beloW' the surface, as ·blade 32, 33, 34 and 35 respectively. Any

shown in Fi,:;-. 1 at 16, the antenna mAy lia atlditional number <Jf antenne de5ired may upon the surface of the earth, as shown at be employed in the sa.m~ way. Each awitch 1& 16', in Fig. 1•, being in intimn.te contar.twith b1~de a>O~ntes with n ronbct upon "ch 10

·the ea.rth substantially throughout its entire bus wire. T11e instruments may thus be con-

. rn Jen~.

ne<-ted wit.h any one or two or more antenn~e.

coOperation with the ~ntenna we may, The invention. is also applicable to tho

and prefP.ra~.Lly do, employ another earth surface of the earth wh~re there is. water. 10 conn~tion, t hLc; being shown in Fig. 1 as a For instance; on the sea coast the anknnm II

ground plat.e 17.

may be run out from l!!hore into thP. water or

Fig. 2 is an embodiment of the invention along the shore on the surface of or under

in -which tuo antennae are employed extA!Dd- the und. In .this way the sy&-tem is useful

ing in opposite directions, the second an- for life-saving stations, Jight-ho,tses, &e. · 'l5 tenna. lo being conneeted in place of the The system is also ad~tpted to the nee of 10

· ground plate shoW'D in }"ig. 1. This ar- vC$8ls at sea, induding snbmarin~s. We

rangement is more effective th!!n with the

u~ {\f the ground pla.te..

·

Fig. 2• shows t.he a.n~nnm 16' and 18' ex-

:!0 fenrhng in opposite directions upon the sur-

face of the earth Rnd in intimate contact

have demonstrated that the receiving is highly efficient wht.n tl-Je antenn~e are ·lYing on the bottom, as Hho .rn in Fig. 9, either in fresh or salt water. The antennm may a]~ 15 be supported by floats along the stlrfa~ of

t.herew!th substnnt.ially throughout their the water, as shown at 18• .ira Fig. 8, or

h.ngtb, the signal in;truments connected be- suspenrlP.d in the wder abo,·e the bottom.

t:""'ee11 the ant.ennm being indicated by on'! A specific "embodiment of this last men-

35 m~mhcr of the indirect cOupling.

tioned feature of the invention is shown in 100

Fig. 3 shows the same arrangemP.nt as Fig. Fig. s· where 36 indicates a boat or vessel,

2 hut with sending instruments instead of 161 one antenna and 182 another antennL

receivinb inst.n:.ment.s. These c·omprise a gf'ne~tor 1~, keY 20, transfOJ,ner 21, spar1c
.co gap 22 and condenser 23. Any other send-
l"rtg arrangement and instrumcntf; JOllY be employed mstead of those shown.

The antenna 16' may be mounted along the
side of the ves:;el but preferably insulated
Or therefrom or atucherl onlY at the bow and 10&
traiJ tmYnn} the lf..em, ·~rith vessels of
wood or other insulr,ting material it .may

In order to obtain the ma.ximnm cflicicncy e\·en be mnuntOO im;;ide. When the vessel it i:; desirable to have the nntennm dis~"fl iH iron nr other metJtl, the ,-~c;el itself .may

45 in a. line nt ri,:rht ang1e.s lo the wave fmnl'i.. be emplovNl '-.c; this antenna, provided the 110
nnd in order that this may be nccomplishcd capncity 1s not too great.
for the different di~ctions \Vf' prtJVtdc Rn· By this sun.ngen~ent it will be seen that

tenn~e extending in different directions but ,·r.ry long anit.nnte may be used. The length

substanti!\Jh· horizontal or pat"t".llcl to tl1e of the smtenna mounted upon the body of ~o surface of the e.arth and either on cr under the vc:ssel is only limited by the length of the 111

the surlaCP. and in conla.L-t "'Vit.h the enrth throughout their lengths. Such an arra~ment 1s illustrated in Fig. 4 where tight anttonnSE are sho,l'n. These are desi~ated lG, 15 24, 25, 25, 18~ 27, 28 and 29. The instn•ment.s &!"! shown connect.rd to antenn~ 16 and 18, bat rnsn• be t'Onnected t.o any other two or morn. Somclimes it is ~ce.ssary to connect to sevcrs.l Slllte.nn~ in order to ob10 lain the. best re.crulL"- The signal instru-
ments nay be connected by a.ny soitable
a.na switahing dP.viC'l~ to a.n-v two or n1ore of an-
t.PnnE the direct.ion"of trs~nission thtrJ ~_rt.,inecl. Usu:lll,Y the ronn~ion won1<.1

Yesse], and u mn.ny TeSSf'Js are over three

hund.red feet lon~, and some a.ro 600 to 800

f~t, the n~ary leng!.h of antenna for

]onr. di~..anec work is readily accommodated.

The othr.r anfJ!nna. trailing from the stern 120
of the -v~l, m!ly oo ~t least R.c; long I!!, or ·
even longer thnn, t~J~ 1\ntenna mounted upon the bOOy of th! v~.::L If desinbltt, th~

and the otl1er a.nton:n~ described rna; be ~

pln.eed by multipl~ st.n.nds..

·

lU

The "ntennA 18' mRy be 1. wire al1ow~

to tnil astern, and will approximate the

horiz.onul, aceo:-ding to the speed. FiM 18-

nsay be added at. intervals ~on~ the wire., u ·

~' be nu.do with t."IJc po.m; of opposi~ly utend- ohow.11 in Fip. 1 and 7•, t.o inc...,.,. this ~

~ ~~;;;~~~~r====:.ll

4. aCtion. The signa.} instruments are ~­

A wireless system for signaling by elec- II

cioted with these a.ntenna} in any desired tromagnetic WllVt:.S comprising signa} instru-

m:lnner, as at 37.

ments, an an~nna extending outwardly

'\Vhen npplieJ to subm~l"ines, 'it will be therefrom, a.nd a second antenna extending

6 Befn, therefore, that messages may be sent in the opposite direction, said nntennm 'be- .

.n.nd received while running partially or en- ing parallel to the surface of the earth in '10

tlrely submerged.

.. .

contact therewith substantially throughout.

In a•xordance with the patent stat1ite.~ we their lE'ngth. and JVeans for connecting s~id.

have described what we now· believe to be instruments 'between said antennm.

10 the best embodiment of the "invention, but 5.· A \virelc:~ signaling system comprisir1g

wa do not wish to be understood thereby u.s signal instruments, a piurality of antennze 75

of limiting ourselves or the scope of the inven- n.ssociat~d therewith each extending out-
tion, as many chan~es and modifications may · wardly in direction parallt:l to the surface

be made without ~eparting from the spint the earth in intimate contact therewith sub-

15 of the invention and a.ll such we aim to in- stantially throughout its length, and swi~h­

clude in the scope of.the appended el&ims. ing means to selectively connect said signa.l IG

For instance throt~ghout the several fig- instruments to any two or more of said nn-

ures, the signal instruments a.re shown asso- tenn&!.

ciated with the a.ntenna or a.ntennm by -in- G. A wireless signaling system comprising

20 direct coupling, but may be associeited there- signal instruments, a. plurality of antenn~e

with in any other ma·nn~r desired.· It wi]] in pairs associated therewith, the members 85

be seen also that while the signal instru- of each pair extending outwardly in clirec-

ments are shown diagrammatically above the tion parallel w and below and in intimate
earth, they will in practice often be actually contact wit!.! the surface of the earth, and

25 located in a pit below the ground level or switching me:1ns to selecthely connect said

entirely unde~und between the antennaE. signal instruments ro said antennre pairs. 80

. This construct1on is shown in Fig. 10, the
pit being indicated at aa. When the an-

7. Iu combination with n. boat or vesst.l, an &ntenna. thereon oolow the surface of the

tennze are entirely underground, the effects water extending in direction substantially

SO of Jightn~1; C•n the receiving of si~als.o.re parallel r.n the surface of the water, and elec·

nearly ehmmuted, so th3t only slight cbcks tromagnetir. wave signal instruments asso- 85

are heard instead of loud prolonged hissing. cin.ted wilh said antenna..

It will be understood that the system S. In combination with e. boat or vessel,

works with either sustained oscillations or an an~nna tbereon extending in. direction

35 damped wave trains.

.

. parallel to and under the surface of the

'Vhat we claim and desire to secure bv water in contact therewith, and signal· in- 100

Letters Patent of the United States, is- · struments for elect.::-omagnetic waves ~i-.

1. A wireless system for signaling by elec- ated with said antenna.. ·

tromaWletic waves comprising nn antenna 9. In combination with a boat or vessd,

40 e.:t~nding in direction substantially paru!l.el a signaling system ·comprising e!ectromag-

to and under the surface of th~ ca rth and 1n ·netic wave signal instruments, an 2lntenna 106

intimate contact . therewith substantially on sa.id boat, and a. second a.ntenna extending

throughout its length, an additional earth in the opposi~ direction, said antenum bc-

oonnection, and elt!ctromagnetic wave signal in·g parallel to and undf.'r the surface of the

46 instruments l."'nnected to snid antenna a.nc: · water and in conu.ct therewith ~ubstantidly

said additiona.l earth connection.

throughout their l~ngth, and es.ch connec+...ed 110

2. A wireless system .for signaling by elee- wir.h said instruments. ·

tromn.gnetic waves comprising signal inst.ru- · 10. In combination with a. boat cr vessel, a.

·ments, a plul"ality ~of antennm associated signaling system comprising electromagnetie

60 therewith extending outwardly, thsreff\..""m w~.ve signal instruments, an antenna. on said

in direction pnrallel to the surlace of the OO:it or vessel bel.:>w the surface of the wa.ter, 116

earth and each in cont.a~t with the earth sub- and a second :1.ntenna ~xtending rearwardly

sta.ntinlly throughout its length, :md menns from the vessel below the surface of the wat.e.r,

for <"onnecting said instruments between two said in ;t.rument.s bei11g connec~d between

65 or more of said antennm.

· ·

said ariterwze.

.

. .

· 3. A wireless system fQr signaling by elec- In testimony wherr:~f we have hereunto l!O

tromagnetic wa.vP..s comprising signal instru- set our hands in pres~:.nca of two subscribing

ments, a plurality of antennm ftssociated · witnesses.

therewith extending outiVardly therefrom
ao in direction parallel to and below the sur-
face of th~ earth in conta.ct therewith sub-

J'.A1fES HARRIS ROGERS. HE~""RY H. L YOX.

st.mtiallv through<iut their length, and Witnessea:

means for- connecting said i:c~romcnts ~

Jmnc GmsoN,

t~·eeJ'l two or more .1. f said ant~nnae.

S. WII..LU:w Fom.

-

C. H. ROE.
ART OF THE TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL POWER WITHOUT WIRES.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. I, 1918.

1,333,095.

Patented ~Iar. 9, 1920.

-
-

~I • • I,..

~~ll-'r

CHARLES HARVEY RCE. OF \VEJDi'i!AN. ~H8IIIG., N.
ART OF THE TRANSMISSION or ELECTRICAL PO'.VER \\-ITHn U':' V·.tnn:R.

Specificn tion of I.ctte~·s l'a te1: !.

Application filed Angust 1. 1918. Serial !';o. :!H.S3H.

T(J ~,u ,/·lwm it IIW!J ,·oJtn·rn:

Cat tln• rt·:tll:-;r:rit:ir~g '.t:!tillll. Tlrt..• lt1:•:l U

Bt> it known that I. CHARLES l-1.\1<\ J·:Y HOI·:, :t citi7.L'fl of the linitetl States, residing at
'rl•idmnn. in the conntv of Isabella and the 5 State of ~liehignn. ha \·c innmte<.l new nn<.l
u:-;eful Impro\·cme'rlb in the Art of the

!:-. :-:ho\•.·n iii -.:•riv ... \',·ltir it. i.LI' lt•i'llli!l:rl~ oi' thP ~in.:nit l.:\i:t!.:: ~l'··ritt•l(·:! :;.l !.i. :rnd (i. itt thl' ~:lt.rt• lrt:ttrll·t·r :t:-- tlt•• I' ai 11;;. ti':ili."!;rit- liO till!! st;ttiun.
(lr fn t!Jt• fbnn· til~·~·,. ~~n· P\... L'•lllllH>ll('lll:-;

Transmission of Electrical Power 'Vithout l'ttl'I\~Ilt fhn\'ilt!.!' litl'nH~It til•! a!tel'nator .\..

\Yircs~ of which the following is n. speci- ( }ne i..; allitfl;;:t r.tiJn·t:\· dt:gt·,..:,·::-; h•ltind the :,!L'il-

fication.

l'l':itl•t.l l'l:•c(l'oJiJ:I;{j\1' rlll'\'l' :tild eit't"'lrl:tit':- {){r

10 This i u \·ention ha~ for its object the trans- tht'Ollt,!lt tl11· t'it'i'tlit .\---('-(;::...-(i 1--:-A. tlll' Ill i::;sioll 0 f electrical l'llCl'g',Y OJ' power in the gre:tt :tll~!'ir· (rf pll;!:--t• d!ll't·n•nl't' ~.ll'ing dtll' tu

fot·m uf alternating currcnl from a tran:-;- tlrl' ll ...l' nl' till' l'l':rc·t;llw:o in H'l'il'~. as at C:

ntitting: :otatiou to a distant l'P<'t•idu:!! sb- t!ti~ COlllpOii•.••:! \\·iil lu.• lt'l'llll'd t!Jl• \\'attJL''·"'

tion wherL' tlH• clll'l't'llt i~ utilized to OJ)('l';tte· e(JillPOlH!nt. Tltl· dJrPr '''Ji•tJ>nllt>!lt is lll'a!'J\· 70

15 dectri~;d dl'\·in•:-.. all witlt.-,nt the ti:O:L' of ill ph:t:-=(• \'· itb till' !!('tll'i'ilt:•d l'l(•(-t;·cJtiJCI( i\-·l'

iutel'Jilcdiatt· wit·l'~ m· otht>r :-;JWl'ial l'ondtw- forel' ;tnd l'il'l'lil:r!l•s t'lll'ttll!.dt t.hl' eir<'llit

tor~.

..\-C- <~::-- <; ~- L - H- ( L:--- (; 1--.:\.: this

~Iv method entploys the principle of rc::;- l'OltlpOll('lll wiJI he f<'r'Jlll'll thl' lJU\\'CI' CO!:t-

unaricc in alternating current circuits wherc- J>OIIl'lll. tlll' l'lll'l'(~llt :!IH_l ('J('l'tl'IIIIIOti\'1' f'ol'~t· 75 ~o in current~ arl~ propa~ated entirely by cqn- l>l'inu· ,.l·t·\· m·ad\· in rdt:r~:e l~t>e:rtl<..:l' tht> ~t.'P::­
duction, and i~ to be di!l'er<.'ntiate<l from all r:tt<..'t(•nd~·!tt·it•:-: ~~r til'.'~ t\r, r~'at·t:;nt·<•:- L :;!'•l

methods cmployin~ clcc.;tl·ic~ e]ectro-mag- C :tl't• in t:ppo:--it•.· dii'l'diiJrr~· :tnd opt•r:.tt· 1,,

netie or elcctt·o-::Hatic wa \'CS urH.l methods wherl'l.>v currents are in:lliccd at n distance :!!"> hv r.lec.tro-mnznctic or dectro-stntic fields. Ii1 the llra wi1lg-. an altcqpttin~ current cir-

]JC~IJtt·;tJjzt• I'!!C.'ll otilt'i'. .\! ( ~~~· tt·:Jlt:-=!itif.lili!..!' st:tticm. the• '.\·art!•.•:'·:. t'OIIll 1 n:~t•nl nr:l\· Itt• k<.'l;, ~o
\·en· low br n~!n~ :-"11 Hic·il'ni! .,. !1 i!!h 'r:.•:• d;tn;.,.
i11 ;!'riP::-. ;t; at C:.that i~. tiH·~ltfl::t tin:'litcur-

cuit in \\'hich tlw imprr:..;!-ietl' clectt·omoti,·e force i~ out of phnse "·ith the current is

r:•nt tlll'oPgh tlw J.!Tuund l>Pt\\'t'l'll (; 1 :tntl <;:.: r)J' ,·ice n·r·.,a Jlta·; l.>L' lll;!dP '.'t't"\' ~mall and·

closed b~v connecting- it nt two separated since cn•n that is' nf a low pc)\i'e'r fnd.o1·. tlw 85

:-w points to the earth. This i~ ~hown in the ]n~s .of pr''HI' rlttl' to tlris l'toaltll'l' lll:ty he>
I cl iazr:u11 bv an nlternator ..A in series with a, nmintai1wcl :11· a \'PI'\' low fi!!lll'l' im!C'rd. ·c t~nr1dl'll~l'l' and the tt'l'lllinals of the cil'cuit. <'on~itlPJ' nnw tlw c·irc11it of the'· pmn~r com-

g-t'OUJHle<l at two points G, and G:= distant pom'llt. .~t·cordin~ to the p1·ineiples of

from cnch other·. The current flowing- th:!n :tltPt'll:ttin;.r c'll!'!'Pilt:-o a~ t>Xpolllldl'tl in stand- !JU

ail h:b :t wattle:-;s component and Rpreatls ont in ard tC'xthonk~ :liH1 gPner:tlly acceptecl. a nnn-

all directions fl'Om the g-round terminals G, rt>nrtir" rt'~istance in a cil'cuit ronbinin!!' . and G~ at the tram:mitting station ns in(li- ('ap:wity nne! indurtnnrf' in .:::nrlt propr.rtionc;:

eated bv the dotted lines. If then two gronnde'd tt•rminals n:~ and ti-, nt a distant -10 receiving st.ation be c•onnf'dl'll to n. suit.-tbh~ n~cl'irin~ c}p,·ic(·~ they will lie in tlw path of
:o;Oilll' OJH' lira• ol' Clll'l'l'llt flow front the ti':IJlS· mitti:~g :-;tation :11111 an <.'lPdromotin• force, l'\'f'Jl tLouglt n•ry ~light. will he itrlprP~~rd 45 upon th(' t·rer.i,·ing· ~in:nit. ..:\ l'C':td:rnec in-
n·o(llltrd into th<' l'C('Pi,·in!!' cil'('llit. of ::.:uch

th:tt

'2(;r).fL

cqu' ~tls

1
'].(;).fC'

\\'lrt'l'" f i:- tltt• fr,••rrtt•Ju.;y of tlrt• t·iJ\·uit in n·t·l<~s. L i:- tlw indrrdanre in lwnriP~. Cis tiw eapacity i11 f:ll':tcl~. willl)('.tl'a\·c·rsl'd by 100
:t l'lllTcnt \\'ho:-1' m:P!l!iiiHlr i~ rh•tenninPd nnly hy tl11' Pll'<'ll'on.tntin· fnn:e illl}ll'l':O:~Prl

r: nature and dimPn,ions a~ to pro<ltwe ('nn- n·pon the nnn-rr';lctiYC' J'Psi~t:tnrl' :tnfl tlw
dition~ of re~onanc·c• \\'til then c:ut~l' what- \':tltl(' (If tilt• J'P.-:!~t;lJJI'I' it:.:.C'l tl!:rt i~. Ohlll \

r\'PI' C'lll'l'l'Jlt lll:l.\' flow :r;-; :1 l'l'~trlt of tht• elc•r;)0 tromotin• force 'ir11pres..:{•d at. tlte ~round ter-
minn l:'i n~ :l'Hl G I tn he in rha~e \\-ith thC'. ,!!CIH?ratnr t>lt•ctrntllnti,·r fnt'C'P. that is. of
nnit\· powt•r f:tdnr. :tnd it m:ty hr nst:>d to a~tnn te <>lecrrir.al rlr,·ice'. This i~ rcpt·~~ent­ fl."l rd in tlH• cli:tQT:llll lw :1 ,-:1!'inh1~ inclnct~ncP L :trljn!-'tnhlc• .tn r·nm1b·rhnlanc<' tll<! capncit~·

l;l\'.' in it~ ~illtplr·~t fm·n1 :tpp!il'~. T!J. tlw cil'- J ():j
''llit :\-C-(;_..-r~.- L - R-C~~-G.-A. tlll'l'<dorr. thr t\\:o n·':1C~b:lt'P:=: L :ln~l C. lJr.im~ : ll ::-:C'l'iPS \\'ii!J l''Wh r1t!H't', b'l1d to l11'llt!':J1 i~;. '':tc;h 0thr•t· ancl ~'·" lt:t\'(' onh· tht> Pllln:t• :·,·::i.,t:lllt't• nf tlw rir~!Tit nnd r;f tilt' lo:1d H ~n lltl limit th<' :1 11H>tmt nf tlw ~~lll'l'<'nt f1m,in!!. .\ccnrdiit,tZI.v, by kt•L•ping- tlw ohmic rc~ist-

-
.'
-

·' ... ~·-.

..~·· ,..

-

-

---
-

2

;ti\CC of tlit\ .l'll! in• ('jl('LJit }ll\\ l'li.Oll;.!h :t!l(} SO
:r.l'l'il!lf.~lll.!.!' tltt• \·ar!o:l.·. parts of tlic ::.ystPIIJ
a.~ to i:np:'L'l:'::; .tilL\ higlrl~St pu~~ihle L'le<:t.l'un:ot j \"l' fotTl~ :~l'l'OS.-:o: tht• tCl'llllll:llS U f the lua..l " H. Ill~: pmrPr t·unq>o:lent of the cmTent flow-

tilhl!~-!t!...t.;h:; nl'dO<ll!!h~~1'{H·:;

lila\'
tt·t· 't

be lw.:

1t1l1~:t1•11

,.
'w

li ll!C::i. a ttless·

t! \'ell
com-

pOllL'Ilt tlll·,;rig·lr t1w grot:nd hehn•t.•n Gt and

i; ... Tht•r<' fun·. thL~ t·l1i<~icncy of transmis-

:-:ion, :\s llefinccl' 1Jy

·

Effi,·it•nc·,· __ . __ _ -· __ _\Y::_t_!~__l r., n:~m~tte..~! .fl:!~C~_utj_li_ze~[-~~ _l_~~:~! _!\. _____ .. __ .

·· -- \Y:1tt..:: t-rnn"mit t<•d nnd ut ilizl'tl in lon(l H. plus wat.t.s lost in slwrt cireuit

bntwecn G1 u.nd G:!

hi lli:t,r lJt• \"t'l'Y hi,!..··lt. Thi..; hi!.!·lt dlil.'il!l!C\' or

t r:t :1~n: i:-::-:ion is ~ !w pi·int~! p;ti .ath·:mt;.l.~P i

,·l::iltl f,il. II!'·· i;:•·t·:,ti••n. .\!1 nlh<•r i!!~'tl~~td:.: n:--i.il!..!' t'Oil•lr.:c·ti •• n titJ·::!!t:b tl~t• ~·t·utillti o1· r·tltt•t· llll'tlitll:! !ll~'l't'l\· :'\'lid Ol!t t'lliTt'llt iii al! 1:, ~~irreti,•r:-- L·!,III tb•.'tJa.l:"tilittt•i' ::111.! ()Illy :1
or \'1•1',\" !-!lil:t!i I•:trt tk· l't!l'i'l'Ul j;~ pic:kc·d Ill•

:il t!T ri.•t·t"i'···1' ::i!d llt::c!<· ,., th ,,·ot·k. Tl!aL

i~. t!H• l'ilit·it•li,.\. ~:r tl':tll":l!i...::--i••sl is n'!r.,.- low.

ny :~11 otlu·J· s:: .. t~·m..: it i;.. lll't:i.•:--:oai·y to .it'a:t:---

:.!tl :•:it it::!:drt•ds u:· ritl'll:-:ntc!:-- td~ ·;-::rib (:--orrH'-

r t ;"\ ) t ;!l !l':· i1111! dn•:l ~· II ;! I~ !I '·\': ll

i ll I ll t It!.

in.~~ :-:tatio!l.. Thi;-; tll:t,\' lm. c.lonc by ~aki_ug :t:i\·:wt:t!.!_'(• nl rw.tur:tl l'omltt:cm~. as for m- 40 :-t:i:wl'. ~.-Iu•rt· tlw t\\'11 !!'l'(ltlll<l c:onncctions :!i·•· nwd .. in t\\·o ;-;prmr·:~t<~ rin't' beds more
ol' '""S P•tl':tllt•l tn t•:H:ll otlH·t·~ the ~treams
tlrt•!l nc·riilg· :::-- indl'}H"nclent conductors. \ • t' j 11 ~ IJ [ l'OI1d lid ill!! Ol'PS lll:t\' alSO be USed. 4 5
nr ,.,. t•\t'lt stl':tt:: t;:irth ~<'p:tt::~tcd by strata:
nf nt:rlt·rial of ln'\'1.'1' eontlnctivity, c. fl·~ i'o!'k. ( b:• tt'L'Ill inal tni~ht- be gl'onndecl nt
r t!w ~ii d:tl'l' f) t IH· l':IJ'I h and the other car-
l'il'd dowil :;n im;nlat-ccl •:oncln<"tor and 51l

g-:·nnild "i' n!ht•t· •.">i!llli':il n:r-•lit:ln in ordt>J'

io i:t• :d•ip to pit"!( np s:dHr·iPnt eltlTt•nt at

t !:P to f':'!':.'i\ !'l' opt'l'i!tt• t!H• l:!n:--!· ~<'l!:,iti\'1'

:.!a dP·:·it'l':o: lmo\Y:t t" i•l:·ctrit·al ..e;r'Pi.'(•. \rith

!1::.. :o-_\'~t<'ill fhi:~ ent:l'J:J0\1:-j \'.':t~tl~ Ol lJ0\\'1.'1' i:o: :n·oidPd :1nf1 it is ]>t1~:--ibh• hy Ill,\' -llH'tl,ncl

r,, trnn:--mit ~~o,•:t•l' thrnn!!'h 1he !.!Tot!wl o1·

othl'l' l\l('tiitl!;l \\.it iloP.t wi'l'l'S \':·it.li :t )n:-:.S II J' au unl~· a f1:action of O!ll' pt•t· c:ot!t ollwr tl1a :;
ir···i1. <:npper a!1rl !1i('1Pt·ti·if· lossi~;-; in the :1 p-·

i ,:,_t·atns employed.

Jn p~·a(·tie:1.l npplieatinn t~\·ery C'ff'ort is

:,~:ttl•· I!• il!•·n·:t~t' lhe re~istance lwtween the

..... t:~·tnrHflc··l tt•r:ninnl:; (~ 1 nnd G:: nt the. tran:=:-

"rnh•ictt·tiron.~ntosttiaYteionforaen~d

therC'ln~ incr0a~e
imprPssctl upon

th<' tlw

:..!Tonnd<':l ;.:pn_•r:tl hmHl1·erl ut· a thons:md ·r:•i·i J,pjo,,· tl:e ~nrf:tt.'<'. Of com·sc the ter-

tliin:d ... :lt tit(• l'I'('Pidn!.!· t'IHl mnst be simil:l:·h· eollllt'('lf•d to tl1~· ~:nnr. n:ttnral con-·

d lll't () 1'::-,

fl ;,

( claim:

TIH· art of tnut~r11itting electrical powet·

l ilt·.-:u!!h tbl' rn l'th iiS :1 medinm from a transmit:·;!;~!· cire11it to a rrcch·ing circuit~ which

:l:t c;m1p1·i~t>=-- the> prntlttction of alternating U11

t·m·;-r·nt ... of pow<'r f:H·tor Jess than unitv. the i::.prP~:::in~ o.f :-.aiel cnrrC'nts on an "earth

p:ith and tlw i:wrt•a:-;i ng- of the po,,cr factor ul' :t p:1.rt nf s:1id ~~nncnts in such rccci\·ing ei ren it.

.!..!"l'Ollllrl f('l'Tnilln}s \r.: :ll1f1 (;, !lt the l'f'CCiY-

CTf.ARLES HARVEY ROE.

I

-
.'
-

, ...

J. H. ROGERS.

. RAbiOSIG!fAUNG SYSTEM •

•u .APPLICITIOI UUD

2, UU.

1,349,103.

Patented Aug. 10, 1920. . :

_z/~_z. ~:JO ~- .· -Z2

s=e-21!!1 -u-~ 29 .·•

..zg.

-Z6

A~ .

/7·- ~22

·-1~

~

2B

·

. 22_ ;

26

2 :2- :20.. -: l :, :ee ~ 29.:- 2~ · ·

2,9:-

·2..3

UNITED STAl'ES PATENT OFFICE.

.TAMES HAlilllS llOGEJUS._Ol' HYATTSVILLE, X.utYI.AllD.

JLA.DIOSIGNALINO SYSTEX..

1.:1-t!l. 10:1.

lpcdicaU~~ott.cuenJt•tcaL J>uh•ni<"cl Aug.tn, 1020.

.t..pplic:aUoD tlc4 Xa7 I. 1117. lerlal Xo. 1~-175.

Tu,,ll w/,nm illltD!f CtMrt~n':

·

I~· it knuwn th:at I. .Luu::.:s HAam~ Uut•-

J:us. :a t•iti~t·u uf tluo Uuit'"d Stuh~. n~irl-

ill;! ill Hy:atl~,·illt·. in tlw t•uuut~· uf Pri1~''"

i GtteU';.!~ unci St:alt• uf Marvl:aurl. lmvtt Ill-

vt•uttod 1ww nm1 u~·ful lmprun•m.-nl:i iu

J::a~iusi;nulin;! ~~''.Ill~'\, ]uwm;.: 1~ n !o'}>l'l'&fi,·nhcm.

u(_

whit·h

tht-

fol-

lhu~· fur ·tt·t·t•h·in: sib'ltal:s. wl~ill• in Fig. 1• tlw iustJ·uuwuts fur ~nciin;! "iJ..FJual~ are

1o0hown. In Fig. 1. 11 i:; n tlt>tedor of anv

t_\·p.·. pa~·fcr:abl.\· :ail> aamliun. 1~ a tl•lephone, 10

auhl J=l :md H tht> usual <·untlt>nsers. Any cllo:;il't•rl t~·pt.· uf iu.!o!Cl'llmc.mts nnd nrnnge-

nwut ,,f c•unnt"t·tin•r t·inuits mav be em-

pluyMl. . · . ,.

· •

.

lly inv..•nttnu ·rt-l:att~ tu r.arlau lliignnling lu Fit:. 1• ~ritahlt- ~noin;! inRn1n1ents 11 10 or tlw to;Cnnin~ nUtl l"l"t't•ivi::~ uf 2\i~rJl;al:; nrt> c•om·t-ntiunaJJy sht)\\"Ji. Tla~ compri~
thnm;!h ~pat~ hy lllt-nn~ uf t-lt't·trcuuugnc.•tic· n g~nt•r:atm· J;"i. tJ·ausfonnt-r Hi. spark gap

· ll'nn·s. :ancl it )M"11aiu!i JJ;arti•·ulnrl_v tn thtA 17. •·unclt•JJS<•r lR nntl kt-\• 19.

·

cli~jKJ:\itiun uf tht> rarlin c·.autialt'tur or nm- Tht• · nl~<n·e- mt-ntiuu~l instntments are

thwtors.

\n•JI kucm 11 in till' <111 of a·adio or mn;..'lll'ti<" tO

1& Iu thtA t·um~· uf Ill\' c•xperimc•ut"' 1 hnn~. wnn• si;..rJaalin~. nntl nN.-cl not l.it> fnrtlll'rl tlt>-

•li:"4·un•rt•tl that J!'I'UUllth·rl r:ulin •·untltlt'tnrs ~·ril»t•t1. ·

or anttounw nn• hi~hlv t•flit·ic·ut wht-n tli~- ::?() unci 21 ;11"(' t'ro nntt·nnm extending in )"~1 hm·i~nntaJly or ~ubstantinll~· punallt-1 clitft'J'l'nt clih'l·tion:' fmm the !\lgnnl in:,t,·u·

tu rlac• :oolll'fuc"t• uf th.. t-nrth. :uul ~urroundt•d nwuts. n111l un• !')•uwn :J~.c;rx·iat~l with these 71 20 ),,. u1· in(·ln~·cl in :a uniform nwtaUic ~n~n inl'-ll'UIIIt'lll:-. l•y itulin..·t (•tulplin;!. a~ roils 22
J;l':H"ti,-ully throughout tht•i1· h·n~th. hut in- nncl 2:S uf 11 tr:m~fur·uwr. The~ antf'nnar

!oillhth"tl tht>1~f1·um. Tht> ;athauta~t'$ uf lung IUn\· t•xh•ntl in uppo~itto tiir~dions. nnd in

prm:tr:at" (n!-= llisrin;,!nisht-n frnm tol'1't"l) an- cu·,f,·a· tu attain maximum effi,·i.vn<·~· urrnn;:;e-

h•mm~ art" thus ohtaint-rl nntl tht> nhj.-diun- nwnt JU<lY 1~· annclt> ~) that tht>\" muY l>f' dis- 10

26 aahlr t•fft>C1!\ uf t-c.•&1:lin fol'ms uf !"tutir e-cm-: pu~.O iu' u lin" :at ri~ht ;an~lt>s to thto 1\'&\'t

tlitiun:-. na'\• ..Iiminat..n.

fa"<uat:; wllt'n rt•c'f'h·inq-. Suc.·h un arr.an:..re--

Tht:" inn~ntion rou:iists in tlw non•l mn~trndiun nnn :u·r:m~t'lllt'ilt of :ap~awtn:iuuci p:art~ thl•rt.~uf fur ~·auiing :mrl r~h·iug ao r:uliu ~;i:..~u·l~ lwrt-inaftt-r tit>SC·J"il-·d nno c•laimt~l. nnci illn~tnatt'tl in thP aac-.·nmpaan~·-

am•nt i;.; fully ri~·a·i~(l in npplil':ation ~.No.

J30.ti03. wlaic·h lms :c:in··~ k»u~l llS P~atent

Nu. l.-122.fi22. t1at.-ri N''"· 2~: 1010.

16

Tlu- illll<'JUUl' Ul't" t•ut·h inc·lust-cl in • ru~

tnllic· Sc•J't't'll shuwn n!; u uwt•al pipt" 2.a. in

in:,!' clr:awin~. in whit·h tlr.awin;..115--

whic·h th~ aOCt•nn;a is muuntt>d by sp:u~rx ur

Fi;.!lli"'P 1 il" :l cli:a~rnmmatic· ~it•\t' Mhn\\·iJ1:,! clisk:; 2~ uf iusulatiug nmtt-ri;al. J-im.·h aA por-

thf' ~·t't"t"ll for tlw :antrnnu• 1't>:--tlng npun t 1~~ ,,.Jain. c;Ja.v. fih(•r· or lht• t"CJ'tintlt>nt. s.• thut 10

16 snrf;u~ of. th•• enrth. rt><·toi,·in;; in~1rmnt'nts

hc.•inz; !'huwn as.'iLI("iut~l with tht> nnh•mm•:

of F*aC"f.u1ii-u!2!'hicnm~·~trcm\n.tt'O-nnt\~·enwtihoinc·ahl

:unan;;t·nwnt mn.\" ht- suh-

~titnh•tl {nr thf' M-..h·in~ iw.;trnmt·nt~ fur

whilt' t•n•·la uuh•nna ~ itwlcr...•d :'iuhstamtiallv
u!Jlha~· ·a(sm'n!cucla;~lauawlununtttv•itd'filt'fllltml•ut'0nrt~thhf<r'chii.mvn.~tthlAe·ntmutwthn»ettaslo.li<ue"tue(Sr·hl'nromAt•nli-t.
tc•maa ZO :u\ti ~~ is •..-mnl'f'tc•fi to t-arth pJatffl 16

40 tl':msmittin;! si~mals:

·

~n nuo 27 rE•SJ~1i\·t-J~·• .

Fi~. ·2 is u ,·i.-w himil:ar to Fig. J. hut Tlw lc•u;..rt h uf tadr nntl•nna mny I~ Sf'-

~;huwin:..rtht> iawln."iin;rsc.·rt"t'n fur th.. r.nh•nnre lc•dl~l tu suit tlu.• •·mulitions nnrler whirh

t•lc-natt>•l nlJO\'to thc• snrf:tl."l' u{ .th<' (':ll1h. tht> ~:wh !'oo\"!)t~ua io; to wnrk. :mel maY be sen·rctl in!'lt,unt"nts......~h·in:,!' or tran~rnittin;-. ht-- ]llmch-~cl ,·,•. a tlaou!'aucl fet·t. or· morr. The 100

.c~ in;! mt>re)~· indi,·ntt"d h~· ont> of lla_. •·oupling pipe.· m· :-.t·n-t·n m;ty lit• c)f iron or othf'r mt-tal

roils:

Jillit:alt)P tu :H't'fllllp}isJa tht> pUt'pc't~. AflU

rl~Fi~iu;.·.!

:\ is <l
St"rt"t'D

~imilar
bm·if'<l

la\'tl>t>nW<'llt!h'hthowei~nt~ur!thaj.-.e

inof

f<'l'\·t>s to prolt'<'t tlu· untt•nna from c~rt.ain Muti(· <·mulitinns which would or mic;ht in-

thea ..arth:

tf'rfl're with tlat> ~nclin~ or r~inn~ of 10&

r>O Fi~. 4 shmrs rlin:rn(llmnth·n11~· a mrxlitieoa- ~i~nls.

.

tion: and .

J liP sm-f:1c'(' of du, P:tJ1:h is indi<"ntf'd at 28.

Fi•r. 5 js n simi \'f'lltftm tpp!iecl tt'

l na r h,o·inetwo :rda\'ofl'tS':i~nll.!

~t•luw·h

inns

and ing

sinr~Fnils!.

1 thP :1ntl·nnrr :mrl :tre shmrn ri'Sting-

th~ir
npon

inrlos-ancl in

a' suhmurint.

.

t·ontnd with tht ~urfac"t" of lhf' t"'trth sn~ 110

•~
~' ·

thellt•-fit>~rurlin"in' stt~r

the umen

cir:an-inJ,!S.
ts, which

10 in<lic-uteas
in Fig. l.a"'

ttt:mt
In

iFuil!gy.~thtrhoen~ahnolnetnnteht>~inrdltehne~ihr.i

n

c

l

0

6

i

n~ g ,

-------------..~~~~;;;~ ~ ~~ r====:.ll

-~

Ff·n·rns :t rr ~hown ,!:;11ppcr11c.•rl :1beJvr tlu• r-;ur- uil ~iu-h :1s istlrdin:u·ih· U!.(·rl in trnn~r.:,nnc·r.:;, [:H"t' nf thl· t-ar1h. :m~ JJtl-1Y. or m:t)' not 1,.. fur the purpns(• nf jnTVt·ntin~ hrnslr tli:o=-.

lll::ml,.fr•d tht•rP!mm. ln 11m:; lit,Hn•. ~s nl~ ·~h:rrg•·· this bt•iuc; indar:tt•·d ,., 34.

in Fi~. !l. 4 :~n•l r.. th~ St-nrling nr.d n-."<'h·- .. Jn a~a:or·daru·t• with th~ pHte-ut 1\f:ttuh~ 1 &6

& in~ iu~ nmwnf:;. whit·hPVf'-1' is c-oun~t..d fnr h:rn• d~ct·i~ whnt I nnw bf.li~n· (() bt• tht!

liS{' nt nnr. ~iv.-n t ime•. is mc.•J\•ly indic::ttt"tl ht'St t•mbodimt•nJ nf t},(' in\·Pntiuu. but ) flu.

b~· one.• «"eul :'?3 uf thl' c·cuplin:. •

nut wi~h tf') he.• unci.•n;tnc'W'I 1h,.r..hy .as limit-

ln. Fi~. !3 fht» antc.•nnte :~nrl thc.•ir hu-lu~ing in;! IIIYSt" Ir or t ht• :Cc'ti('K' , , the.· .invc.•nt i~tn~ ~~~

F;r·rt'c.•ns nrc ~hown hut'i«·d hc.•ru•:tth tlac.• Mnr- Jn:m,· c.·hangt·s nnrl mutiific:ttious Jtllt\" ],-. SO
10 f,.,.r nf t1w (•:u·th. in whi~h ,.,.~, the.• im4ru- Junrl~· without dc•p:trting ft·nm the ~pirit ,,f

ln<'nt~ nmv he in :1 c.·m'Pl't>d (•h:unbt·r 29 lKt- the iln·..nt:nn nnci ar11 Stlf'h 1 nim to hwlnclc.•

)ow ;ronn<l.

·

in th~ s.-.,~· of thf" ttppcndcd claim!(. Fur

whlint·h.Fiin~..!'f<4'ndisn{~hn~mocY:ni:tl:imn:,!n':-urnnln' 0seP.tmn..nf tsigin-
15 ll:tl in~h·tmwnt~ with hoth lllth•nn:-e. twn S<'ts

in~1:mc-c.•. c.•:ac•h nntt•m•:t i~ sl1,wn ns n !\lll:,!le "·in- nr r•unrlurlut·. 1\·hrrr:JS it mi•rht he c.·um- 8S ))C'~f{ uf mnltiplt• c-onrlndor~ D ·

of in~t rnmc•nfs nrc providrd. clnc r-Qt 2=i' he- 'rhnt 1 rl:tim us nrw nnd d~i.-e to R"C·ttre

ine <·omtt•rtt>d to :111tc.•nna 20 nwl s.·rc.'t•n or
rirx- 24". nnci in~trumt~nts 2:1" ht•iug c-nn
lle'f'l<'rl1o nntc.•nna :!I :~r~d S«'J't'l'll.nr pipt• !!4''. 20 Tn this -n·ay two ~c.·(!=. uf instrunwnt~ mJty he.

In· J~ttt't~ Pntrnt of th,.. Unitt•rl Stntt'!. j!l;-
. r..\ rnnin !-Oi:,!11:tlin; !"}'Sh~n f.'f•lllprising nn
nntrnnn t•:xtrn• ling hnl"i;.;mtH lly snh~tnnh:1lh~ 70 punaJJrl to tht• ~urfncl! nf thtt f":trth~ ~i~1~l

ll!lo<•d SitnuitHnt'tllt~Jy. hoth ~(S fur ~.•nding m~tnnntnt~ n~~t<:intc.•rl U"ith ~:tid nntrnM nt

or 1"\.'f't:>iving. ut· mtP ~·t fut· ~cmrlini: :mrl th~ nm• tntlnthl :t grumirl rmm~tion nt lh~ othf'r

nt hrr ~·t {oi· ''l't't•i ,·in•". In u~ing the ll't'llt··~-;ndan.» of thr r:n1.h-
25 I intrnrl tn clc.•si:,!'llntl' thl' ~urfuc·~ w1u:n• thrrtis watt•r :as Wt'll :1! whc.•r·c.· thc.•rc is l:md. The'

encl. nncl n mt•t:1Jii~ N<"rP<'n in .intim:ttf' rnn-. tnrt "·ith tlac t-nrth snJ,stnntinlh· thron~l1emt .T5
its2·•le•nf•rrthnrnlinoflsih::w!nl:ot1siinng~s~~·isdtrumnct.t•·nonmpnr.isin~ nn .

inn•utinn is .tlarn·fnl'c e4mtlly npplic.::tble tn · nntt•tmn P~trrJrlin:,! horizont u11~· ~~~h~tnn~iu 11~­

honts nr n·~!"-<'1!-=. p:u·tic·nfndv suhrnuritws un purnllc.'l to the snrfnre of thP t-:n-th. tn~n:\1

wltidt it is oJ~l·:tti,·e wl~t•tli't·r uf1ont nr ~nb- m~trnnwnts n~Srl<'intt•rlwith ~nirl nntt•tmn nt 10

SO mt.·r~~·l. Snc.:h :m ('mhurlirnent of the in,·en- onr ttncl :mel :t ~t·utmtl t•omw<.·tion :1t the other

tiun is !--hown in Fi:,!'. 5. in whirh the ,-es.~l f'ml. nml :1 mrt:t11it· !Ct't'i!n upon nncl in t•on-

is i~clirnt~c.l n.~ 30~ nncl tlH' ntl1l'r parts cl~i~­ tnct "·ith th~ c•:u·th nncl iJwlosin~~ snhl nn-

nnt<'\1 :ts m 1· lt;s. 1. 2 li1Hl :t so that theY re- tt'nn:t snl)!ott:mtialiY thrcmghcmt it!:den:,..rth hnt

•tuire no further cfpsr·riptic1n. Tht> ~·Tt-tons insnlnh•(l tht•t·t'ft,;m.

II

35 ~.J Jlre prefPralJJy e:\tenelt'f) through shc.autin~ nr hull. ro th:tt ench :mtennn is indnst'rl suh-.

nn!t1t.'nAnnntutixitu~nsti.•'rnmgilhionr~t.7s.tymstta~11m~·l'~on'mbp~r~inl-nltiinn~lalny

!'tuntiulh· thrott;!hout its Jcn:,!th within the· p:n1111t-1 to the surfnt~ of the t'urth. ~ugna1 in-

,·essel. 'The ::nnmrl plate 2(i' nt the fm·wartl stnunents a~"SOCintccl "'ith ·s.,irl nnteonnn nt

Pn<l of the ,-e~~l is prt•fernhlv. ph·utullv onr. Pnd nncl n ~rounfll'nnnPctinn :tt thtt other 10

.CO nwuntetl nt its forwurel Pcl:,!'l' on hr:u·kt-ts :li. rnrt. nntl n n1t>t:l Hit· SC!"t'en 1mriN1 l)('nrath

32 ~ ns to swin:,! frwlv with th~ mm·t•mt>nts tht- snrf:u~ of tht- t-nrth anci inclm;in~ Aid

u( the Ycssel. lmt i~ ir't!-'lllatt>cl tho.?rt-ft·um ns nntt>nnn snh~t:tntiallr throughout its Jen~rth

a=t shm~n uin~rnmm:Jt?l·ully :It 3:}.

The nn- but. insnl:at~cl tht'nafrnn:.

t<'nna 20 is ~unnrd~cl to pl:lte !W' in urn· snit- In t~timnnY -n·hpr•N>f I hnvc hereunto Rt 15 46 nhle m:tnner. Ground plat~ 21' is sin1il:arl~· m~· hnncl in p~·net' nf two snbst·rihing wit-

monntc.·rl on hruC'kt•ts :n'. a2'. :1t the slt'rti o! nesses.

the Yessel. nml is ('Onn<'decl to nntenn;~ 21. Tlu·~ plafl's maY be mounterl in :mY other

.JA).{E;; HARRIS ROGERS.

,!:;Uitnbll' mnnner:

·

liO In nil vf the Pmlxxlinienl~ uf thP im·ention

'VitnPSses: Au:x .J. HA!"SON';

the pipe or screen is preferably fillcc1 with

WALTUX C. CAnttou..

J. H. ROGERS.
UDIOSIGMALING STSTEI.

&.9

..

---= _-:.: ---=---..-:-==--:-...---.J.--==:----=.=-=.--.=-=-=--==:-!.-~=-== .

,... ··-'"~~"'-'-''~''"!·.·',,.......','.'.'.~'-~..'...'..!. --~-

. tlu.~ ..~.,

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE •

.TA.lllES llARlUS BOGEBS, 0!" HYATTSVILLE, 11-!RYLAXD•
•JU.DIOSICiXALlNG SYST:Elol.

lpccitcatio••tLcttcn!'.atut. P;lfcn(~rl .~n;.:. JU. 1H:!O•

.ApJtlic:o..U'a f.lc4 1aaa&i7 17, JtU. kri~l !fo. 212,15~.

2;, oJ.J. Ulli•.J'I'I II. HltJ.'i CIJPtCTJI:.

.

n~ it kno\" tl lh.;t. I. .Luu;~; Ji.,~UJ~ Uooua;,

!ht: C.-onnt:ctiun fur £ignalin~ instruml'nts be'- 6b ·
1nc lcx:ill.:d bd Wt"t'n the :tntenna5 und ulbo

u •·ili:~.tm uf the Uuitt.~tl Stoat~. ~idiu,; aat htaru.·ntb thtA ~uriJ&c:~ of the ~1th:

Hy;tlt:ivlllt-, in tl,e c·uunt\' uf l 1riau-e (ie«Jr~~ 6 t~Jtrl ·Sttth• of M~n·lantl:Jun-e inn·ut~ Iu~w
:anti us.oful lmptu\t•ruents iu R~aali~ignaling

· Fig. 3 sho\\·s nn o&nt.touna int·aSt.otf ""c"·ordinno to tb~ innmtion nnu lying upun tht- sur!ac:
~~ the ~•rth, a grount.l t•uma'1.·t iun awd Lha ao

Sy:-,1t.•ms. uf which the !ulluwi.ng is a lll>t"Cifi· nustruments coni:Al"Clt-tl l)\•twt.~n the a.n~uua

t·utiun.

·

auul the ~round ronued iun ;

lly in vc-utiun l"~la.tes to radio aaigna1ing Fig. { ~ ll T"lt1\' similMr to Fig. 3 sho"-

10 ~y~tc•ms :md a ppan.tus for a;ending and ·1'!1- ing twr• antffinao ir•.stt>acl u( un~ unt.en~Ul

tt.."•t·Jitv•idni•'rO~~Uia;g_n!emttilcs:

t

h\\'rMu\'ut~gai,b

~van=
UJld it

hy me-.1us of re}utes par-

aucl A &,;round t'ftnntd.ion : .

u

1-'iJ!. a i!t II \"iC\\' !:iimil:u· to Fig. f but ~how.

tir·ulnrly to lluat portion of such ~yt..tt:ms ing tlu.~ .auttADC<~' Enppurtcrf ltDo\"l' tht sur-

.Jtnuwn u~ tin~ antcuna.

f~&.~ uf the ciLl'th ~ut in close pru.ximit.y

1~ I h:a \'t- tfjSt.,n·e~d ·th.at nu]iu ..-ontlucton therdo;

.

. or untt~nnu• ·au-e highly cfJici~nt wben tl.is- Fij!. G is ,;ew ~imilur to Fig. 2 in which 70

pwit•rl hfJrizuntally or sulMstantiatll\" oaraUeJ the unteJuutt nn tiho.,.·n suLmergcu iu water. to tlw snrfut.~ o( th~ eartb but roniplet.ely u~ferrin~ to the tlnwiugs, ]0 indicllles

insulnttad theu~(rum und incletted in llD in~ the sigrual 111.--tnaments, whic:h in Fig. 1 nre

lO c:lu.::iiUjf.. mtAtallic cu\·erin~ &-rt"eD or casing .those for ~c~i,·ing liignals~ whilt 111 Fi,.;.

pr•u·t aret JJ r t hroughont tht-ir entiJ-e lrs1b'ih~ 1• the instrumt.nts for semlin~ si~ttls art! Ti lmt iu·ml~ttAc.l tlu•n·froan. Th.: mt!t:liJic ccl\·- &ho••~· Iu Ji"i:,!. ·1, 11 i~ ». rlct..."!tur of uny

ea·in~ tJJU~ inc.·)osing th~ :mtenna. but f1'0m type, p~frrabJy un uudJon, 1~ as tdt!phon.:,

whic·h the lutte~ is insul:tt~tl, takes up the nnd 13 auul H the usuul c'Oud~u~n. Auy

26 &.·lc.'1.·trum:agnl'li~ wun.-s, in r~:civing, and dL'5iretl type of iJSlrumtnt.s and nrrttn~-

t r:Jnsmil.:' tlwm to thu autc:-mm \t"ilhin Mt full , mtnt of connecting circuits 1nay l.e t!Jn· 10

fitn·n~rt h unci even wilh gr~at~r efl~-t lhan ployed.

wlJcll the llllh.•Jm~a iti u~d without the cover- In FifZ. J• suitllLlr scndinJ! fn.~rumtonfs

. iu!!. ..-\ highly cffi~it'nt. :trtion is thus ob: ure t·on\·t-ntiqnuJly sbo\T'n. Th~· rornpriu

JO t:ain.-rl. th~ statiC' j:; redu<·etl, and &Lt the n gener:ltor 15. transform~r IG. spurk ~·PH,

lkllHu time the antenna is fully protected t.-oncle~r 18 aUtl key 12.

· U

,,ffrom tlt.•h•rioJ'Iltiun by the rorroding :action The nbm·f-~ntioned instrumt'IIL<; :~re "'"11

t>ttrth und Witter.

· .

. XDUWD in thf' :ut 01' r-.1dio OJ' magnt-tll' Wa\"C

Tht.• in,·er.tion t"'n.tii2;ts in tlae noYf'] -con- tii~alint:, antl nt't'd not he furtta·r rlt.'srrih~rl.

.36 Htl·awticm nnal ur·run.gement of »ppan.atus 20.i'i an aut~mht f<.•r ra4diatint: ,,r n·~iving

ant! pxu1~ t.hcn"'f fur ~ndiu~ &nrl rer..·ei,·ing elet:trumngnl'ti~ \T"ll\'f!li, o&ntl as !iih,,,,·n in Fig. 110

rudio tiignaJs hereinafter desrribcd . una 1 extends uorizuntally or sm~antially pur·

dn i111cod. :wd ilha~ratt>cl iu the accompamy- nllt.•l to thP t~trth's :surfa~l· nucl burk"d ju

ill;! ~lmwinqrs. in ~,·hi•·h dl"tl:vin~

.

40 J··l~!lrt' 1 ~~ aa thagr:mun~tfJC' Vl~w !\howUJI!'

tht> earth. This 3-rltenna mnv h<o of anv suitable or tltsire<J }rl:~th. anU is c·umplPtt.'d)•

thl• untt~mut huril·d ~Ut!ath the 5Urf&&cc of tlu.· t'ai1.h. J'O(:eh·in~ inst.rumt>nts ~ing ~~~ci-

indcJ~J \ or ~:nen

rithin n mttnJlic· ('0\ 21 whic-h mav b.: u

'ering, CllSin0 rnht: 01· pipt

U

afc•al \\'ith tl1e ~111terum: . .

of lf':ad, irnn or nnr ,;ther .,;uitahl&.· naetul.

Fi~. t• f'hows a t'On,·cntionul armnPemP.nt 'l'ha! aut.enna is .iusulatttl frum th... IDl'l allic

41 uf ,;(•nding instnnnt-nis "•bic-h m:tv he sub-
t~1itutt-d r.••. tht! n."(?i,·inzr instnunl'nts for

&."0\'f'ring or t'".tsi~ hy nieuns of ins~d:llion ~2. It 1\·ill tim~ 1)(' s..oen that wlul.- the 100

tJ';llll':mittin~ Jii;,'ll"IH, it lleinl!' unrlttrslooo :.ntenna is huriNl. in tht f'lrth it i:; c·nm-

thut ('illat"r the Sl:ndin~ or rt'ceirinq instns- pletd\• insnlnt.,l thtrefrom ant) frc,m tlJt! meuls ~}HJwn in Fig. 1 nre tu ~ Ul"eit in c:on- met;aJHc- c:on•rinJ! or ~"iin,:!.

60 nt-<·t ion with thr. :u·nm~emenls shnrrn in thf' The J'f'\"ti,·in~ in~rumt:nts ~l1u\vn in Fig.

n·mainin~ fi;!IITf"S;

two Fi".
in;!

2

~InSttltl n,m;r(A. \

\(' 's~i~mteinldninrgtoin

Fi~. 1 shownpposite di-

l"l"Ctiuu~ bcnt:1th the surf».ce of the ~rtb,

1 nreo n~~"·intt·d witla tl1.- nnt .. nna bv nwan~ lOS
of An inrlnrtin• rouplin;t c·omprisin'g "·incl·
ing:i !?!1 an•l 2-4 of u tr:msforr11,•r. bur m~y ht.• e.s-~ia~tf:d. tbt'rewit.h in any other sui~Ll~

1,No,i~

. .
maniu·r. '111e other terminal of \Yinding that it b·nn~e<"eSSDry to clescribe aucl) an ar- ••

24 of the coupling is connected to ground· rangemmt in this Application.

•

Dt 25.

:

It has ~n slAted that the in\·ention is ap- :

Jn the t>naLodimt-nt of the in,·ention shown ~licab1e to the surface of the earth where . ·

r, in Fi~. ~ thtt ground connection id replaced there is waterJ. nne such apflication heinJt

by a becond antenna 20' extending in a di- illustrated in .1:" ig. 6. It wil be un•lt!ntoocl 70

Tel1.itJn difl'e1~nt from the direction of c.n- aiBI' that the in,·ention iH also applia~ble to

tc.·nna 20, the ~iJ.,Fll:tl instruments being con- ahips at se.a, hut ns the employment of my . ·

In nc~·trrl hdwe-t·u tlu.~ :tntennm liS indicate<) hv ·new antenna arl'Dngement in such eonnet-tiun

10 tij1• winllin~r ~4: of the inuirect coupling.

is obt'iout -it is thQught ·that illultntion ill

thi:- fiJ!nn> a)!;(, is shown the urran~ement bv unnecesury.

71

whkh the H;~n:t1 in!rtrnments are Joc.te(l In aecorc.lan<:"e with tl•e pntent liblutes l

in the dl:ltnl)t>t' 26 lx•Jow the· fmrfnce of the llA\"e describf.f] "·hnt I now Lt-]ieve to Le t1~

t>arth.

best emboUin~e.nt of the in,·ention, but I clu

15 In t1w- ttmbudiment of the in,·tmtion Eho\\·n not "·ish to be unclcmood theftby u limit-

in Fi::. :;! u single :mh•nnm is ttmploycd and ing myself or the scope of the in\"fntion, aK 10

is l"hnwn l'Xh•ndin:,r horizontuJJv SuhsfAn- muny rhan~ IDU modifiC~~tions mMy be

an :tlit:HalIl.'W· Jlt'.:hll"i1ull.c..•.l

with tl1e iuclosinJ!

snrfnce metn11ic

o·f the rnrtb.
or con~rinl!

Jll•U~e 1rithnnt departing from the aphit of
1hr in,·cntion and a;uch I aim lo anc:huJe.

20 rn~in:,! a·t~1in~ npc>n the Jo~Hrfac:-e of the e.nrlh, in the ti('O~ of tJae appended elaims.

n·l1ic·h ];lft.er is mclic-:tlt>fl nt 2i.

\Yhnt 1 d~tim as new and tlt"tiire to ...Ocure 11

Fi~ ol ~hows an orrnngnment J.imilnr t.o hv uttrrs Pntent of the Unite•l States iw:

l,.i~. 3 but with ti•P t•mplo)•ntt!nt of a HE"e· • J~ .\ r:tdio siwmling 1n·stem romprisin;r •n

ond Hnt<'r.na :..>u' in place of the ground con- a.rilennst P.Xtt>numg horizontAlly suL8tanhnlly.

~5 Jll'ct inn ~hown in Fi~. 3.

paraHel to tJJe ~;urfnce of the earth and insu-

Fi~. S ~laows :tn :1rr:m~Pmttnt ~imi1ar to laated tbttrefrom, a metallic co\·ering indus- 10

Fig. 4. hut "·irh tlu~ :tntt-nnre t;]i:.dt~l~· eJ... in~ airl antenn• Lnt insnl~ttecl tht•refrom

Y:lft•d :abovr the ~m·fn•"f' nf iht enrth bY ancl in intimate cunfiad with the earth HUhnw:an~ uf st rul-; •Jr piu~ 28. Thus whilt- tli~ stnnti:dh· thron~hont its JenJ.,rth, s.igunl in_-.

30 nnlf'mu~ e~t.pd ~u\)q::nti,.Jly pnr:al.lt-1 with f.iJ·umcmts uS*,;:inted l"ith snid antttnnn, and .

••f the surf:H·~ uf 1l-r~ ••:111 h. I ht mc•tn llar. t"'\'Pr- • l1:alnru·ing l"fmnection (Jil the oppo:~ite aitle 11
in~ nr· c·n~in;; i~ unt in clirt'("t f~mt nc·t with ~icl in!ittnmwnts.

tla· c.•:trth b111 is -~·p:ar:all••l tlll'l't'fr·um hy :t · 2. -A nadio ~ipta1ing_Ryst~m rompri11in::nn· fhort ~;p:u-c. 1t m:t ~· or m!'y not ~ insu- nnh•nrm e~~ ndmg horJzcmtn Uy aulJHbntia lly

S5 Jateu: from thr ..~rth JW('urnm#! tn th.. mnft•- J'nr.tlh•l to tht- surfau't"of the t-mrth and insn-

rinl of w.hi<"h fJ,,. strut~ ut· pins ~8 at'\• n•sul•· nh-.1 tlu•n•frnm, a nu~hllic c:o,·ering ineloa- 100

thd is whrtlu~r th~v nrt' of rotulawtin~ ur of inJ! tcnitl nntennn bul insulntecl tberefrona

non·<'nt:rJuctin~ m:1terial.

nncl in coonbd "·ith thP ·r:trth Hllbetantially

Fig. (j !oihO'\TS the• emp1o)•tm•nt uf twu nn- tlarunJrhont its IPnbrfh, ancl t~iJ.,rnlll instru-

40 tenn:t:' submer:!t'cl J..enenth the snrf:u"C• nf the• Dlt'llbJ al'iSOCinted with !1\atid untmna.

t:trlh n·hrre thel'l~ is w:1ter! the w;ttt-r 1M-in:,! :l••\ rndio si~nnlin~ !>y.stt-m romprisingatn 101

intlir.:tlC11 nt ~V. Hen- tlw mt•tallie rcn·t-rin#! nntt-nn:a l':dt•mltn:,! hori~untnlly tmb;twntiolly or rnsin:t is in ("fllltnd with tht• wutt>r, but J•nrnll.-1 to the surf:.~ce o/ the ~arth atul in!Ju-

the :mtennm nnci thejr Ntnncctir.;.r circuits :tfrcl tln•Mlfrnm, a m~tnllir. co\·ering inclos-

·U art' insulated from the n·:ah•r.

in;! SHirl antenna hut insubtPd •then~frnm,

It "Will be unt!trstnod tlwt while I h:n·e s:ticl metullir C'O\'eri~:,! l~in~ hurifli in the 110

t:hoWD anu dl'S<.·ri~rt :trrattO'~mt"nfs t'IDlN)()~·- rurtJa in intimnt~ COl1 (1 UCf. therewith NUht;laJl•

ing my invention in whi(·h on(! nntenn:t 1incl tin1Jv throu~hont ihr length, anti 1ir-rnnl in-

albo tw{)_ antenn1P art~ rmploy{'(l, anv tle· &1ruinents a~JCtattoiJ with !\~tiel antenna. ·

&0 sired number mov l>e n~ecl. ancl it is desh.,lble 4. .A r:ulio si:.,'"Tlalin;! sy~;tem comprising

to ~nve thrm extend in tJ!c pn>pt»r clirectiou !iignnl instruments, nn ant.P.nna e~tentling 111

tO obtain the nuaximnm t-ffect both in !ienu· ont"tTnrtlly therr.f,'Om. a scrond antenna tx-

iug anti
waYes.

n~ivinJ! uf the For this purpose a.

electromn~netic
nnm~r of nn-

tteenhndRin' t~rinm~

a dif.'erent dir~:tion, hnrittf] in tht> e:trth lmt

aiel atnintnlatt<l

·

615 tenn~ m~ty hP. rmploycd rndinting in dif. t!te~from anrl snh~tnntially par:nBel to the

ferent directions from the instrumenb:, oml surfn~ of th~ earth, nnu !i:Wl mstrnmenbc lH suita~blc switchin~ mech:mism mny be pro- beinJ! t'Onn~:terl 1~\\'~n r:niti antmn•, anu

vided for t:onnt"ctin;!' anr one or more of the a me~11ic cm·c~n:,! ind05ing etch of. aid

antennre to the si~at' instrumen~. Su<"h antenn• trul~-t:mti:tllv throughout ib'length eo an u·nn~ement is shown 1tntl d~scribed in but insn111f4"<1 thPrefrom anrl m intimate eon-

the.applic-:ttion of mysE"lf jointly with HPnry tact with the earth.

. 12$

II.!:J.or., S. No. 1!"1*-~022, dated

1 ]~).60.1 i~ned
~o,·. 2-;j, lVl!l.

HS
to

Pnt.ent Xo.
'vhtc~ J'Cf·

in testimony whereof I ·my hand.

h:1vc ·

herettnto !let

erence is ne~ mad~ for further deta1ls, 10

J.\MES HARRIS ROG~IL.~.

R. A. WEAGANT.

APPARATUS fOR PREVENTING STATIC INTERFERENCE IN RADIOSJGNALING.

APPLICATIOI fiUD D£C. 12, 1111.

1~353,002.

PatentedBept. 14, 1920.

UN~ TED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BOY .A. 'W!U...('A.lr£, OF NEW YORK. N.Y.• ASSIGNOR. BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO RADIO C\JRPOB.ATION OF AMERICA, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.
APPARATUS l'OR PREVEN'l'ING STATIC INTERFERENCE IN RADIOSIGNALING.

1,3.13.002.

Specification o! Letters Patent. ],a {PH{ t•cl H<•pL 1-l. 1B~O.
Application 1lled December 12, 1917. Serial No. 206.724.

Tn rrll ,.hom it ma.'J r•tmr•,·rn:

describetl in my said application being shown

Be it known that I, RoY ALEXAXDER associated with receh·ing and tlctecting ap- 55

"~F..\r..\XT. a citizen of the United States, re- paratus. Fig. 2 of the rlrawing is n. diagram-

!-'irlintr at Don~Ias ~fanor. in the county of matic view of a mmli fied recei Yer in whi(·h 5 Que<'ns. city nnfl Rtate of New York, have n. singl~ ~oll('dor is ~·mployccl.

·n,·cntctl or discm·erc<l certain new and use-
1 Tmpro\'<'mrnts in Apparatus for Pre-
ting- Statie Interf<~t·cnce in Radiosignal-
n:r. of which the following is a specifica-
10 tion.

Referrmg in detail to the preferrecl form of apparatus ~ho\\'n in F'i.!!. 1. I is :1 c·h:nn1:t·r fiO
beneath the !'Hrfaee 2 of the gromHl. 'Yithin this <·hamher th<.'re is clispo~etl a cliYidet1
collector ha. \·in~ two cc'lils :1' ;V tlisposecl in

~h· inYention r<.'lat<'s to the nrt of radio n single vrrtical plan(\ in tlu• line of the sig:-:ig-nnling-. an•l ha~ for its principal objec·t nal waves to be rcrcin'tl. Tlw enrls of the £i5
the prrH'ision of improved receivtng appa- coils :~' are c·ro:-:~t·fl :mel f'on<ln<"tin•lr C"nn-

ratus for re<lncin~ or preventing. static in- nectetl so thnt n. horizontally-cxtcnditig por-
15 ter·fprence. In its preferrNl embodiment my tion of one colh,dor oppo~es a simil:u·ly

inn~ntion is an impro,·ement over the appa- place<l horizontal portion of the oth(\l' cn1ratus in my pending- application S~rial ~?· 1r.r.tor. Tn t.h<' lrncls from Paeh c~n11<'dnr are 70

1R1.458. filecl .July 19. 1917. In ~aH~ appli- variable capacitip::; 1!) ancl Yarinhle itHlttc·cation I call attention to the fact that where- tnnc(\s 20. one of tiH· in(lttd:uwc eoils ~rrv­

20 as sig-nal ,,a,·cs traYel in a horizontal direc- ing as the primnr\' of a eonpling transformtion, ancl th(\refore affect suceessively the <~r, the S('eonclary" of wlJir~h is COilllCdctl in

two parts of a divided nntenna or collector the cirenit of a flctt'dot· or receiver of anv 75 rliRposetl in the line of propagation of such nppt'O\'(•d typP-that shown lwing- a rpccin,''r

wnn~s, static waves affect the two parts of of thl' ntt'lllllli \'alvc typ<', <'ompt·isill.!! :t

25 such nn antenna simultaneously, and appeal Ya<'llllm \'ahc !) an(l an PIH'l'gizing battPry

to b~ propag-ated in a vertical direction only, 1:1. Af:. t.hir-; l'<'l'eivPT' Hn<l it:-; motle of oper:innd I d<'scrih~ in snid application means for 'tion :n·p now W<'ll known. it will not. ht~ ·dt!· 80 makintr praC"tical use of these observations ~wri ht~<1 in <letai I.

redncin:r or eliminatin~ the effect of such .\ mt•tallic eoi1dndinu- St'I'Pen IR is (lis·c disturbnnceR. My presen~ invention is pos<'<l on the snrf:H'P of the gromHl nhon~

on the further observation that the the receiving apparatus just clPscrihrcl. and

force or efiect of static disturbance is verv this screen is preferably grotm•lr•l at a lnrgu 85

greatly diminished beneath the surface o'f number of points. In practice this scrC'Pn

the earth, whereas horizontally traveling may take the form of a rwt ,,·ork of \rin•s

35 si:rnal waYes. such as nre now commerriallv resting- directly on thr. ground or a metallic n~ed in radio Ritrnaling penetrate a substan- srrrcn of any kin<l stlpport<'<l immPdiatrly tial di~tnnce helow the surface of the enrth aho,·n the ground~ as shmnt in thr. drawing. 90

with small (liminntion in strength. In or- Rrfcrring now to tlw Jn(ulifi<'(l appnratns fler to make practical use of these observa- ~hown in Fig. 2. this is in g<'nPr:tl the same

40 tions I place the receiver of mv improved ns that ~hown in Fig. 1. C'X~Ppt that. tlw col-
s~stem. inclndin~ the antenna or collector- ]rC'tor consists of a sing-1<' r'oil :~ n~rti•·allv the latter being- preferablv made as de- clispose<l in the line of t1w signal wan•s t~, !>5

sr.rihed in my said npplif'at1on-b<'nea.th the he r·er<'i,·ed. in~tea(l of :t pl11r:Jlity of C"oils

snrfaf'e of the ground. and to further pro- n~ shown in Fig. 1. ThP t'nds of t !11• <'oi I

·U5 teet it from atmospheric disturbances, I :\in this modified lll'l':tll,!!<'lll~'llt :tl'l' t'f)Jl!H'f'l-
co'"er the snrface of the grotmd above the re- ec} to the oscillation transfornwt· -L tlw ~Pr.~­

cei'"er with n. metallic screen, as hereinafter ondarv of which is ronnt•(·ted to tlw \':l<'tlttrn 100

described.

vnlve 'of receivct·!l. ,.whic·h is ~hown to lH• of

In the drawing- accompanying nnd form- the ~arne t~·pe referred to in r·omJr.C'tlon with n:z a part of this specificatlon Figure 1 ·is Fig. 1. Th<' arra ngr.nwnt ~hown in Fi!! 2
diagrammatic view of a recei'"ing station likewis<' comprisrs a ~c·re<'n 1~ dispo~t>d

mbodying the preferred form of my inven- along the surface of the ground.

105

~
-

tion,

a

diVided

collector

of

the

general

typo

From the foregoing it will b~ ap,m1·o~

~;:~~~~

1,3~3,002

· thnt the c1ft1cts of ntnwsphcrie clistm·h:uH:~s

in both al"l :\ngem~nts will he ~rent ly re-

duced bv r~,t~on r.! the fnc·t that. t ht> cc•llt•c-

tors arc.lw.w:t!h t.1•' surf;H·c of the grountl,

5 ancl from th(' !nd thnt the apparatus is

protcC'tctl h.v n condttctinA' Sl'l'('en n~ainst •lis-

tnrhan•·es propa!!ntecl in \'t•rtil'al clirl•t·tion~.

In nthlition tlw ':lrrnngem<'nt sho,,n in F'ig.

l. l'mbodying-, ns it dot>s. the prineipll' of

10 my rnrlicr applit·at.ion, stiJI furtlu.•r <'limi-

natrs the l'fTeet of static uisturbant'l'S by tlw

l!Sl' of the tli,·iclt•cl cnllt•etors Bv n•as1111 of

this nrr:Ln;_!l'llll'nt static <listurh;iiU'cs whieh

~ue<.·ccLI in pcnctruting the earth :tl'l' in dfe~.:t

15 halan<'rcl out or ('&tll<;cietl. That is to say..

impulses ~ct up in tlw ('ol It•;-tors :~ • sinllil-

uy tam•ousl,r. as

~t.atit! <li~llll'b:tlll~t'!-i't arc

m:Hl4.• to oppos<' l'1tl'h ot llt'r·, wln•n•as o~l·il!a­

l ions st•t up bv si~nal wa rc~ bt•inJ! out o{

:.! u phn.:-!t', nd <:uniulati Vl' ly on t lw clt•t,•c·tot· !>.

"\Vhill• I ha\'c shown the l.'olll.'ctorl':i iucl.o:-il'll
in a dmmher Lt>llt'ath the snrfac"L' or the

ground. I hu. \'l' th•monstralell that t hesc <.~ol­

il•ctors nmy· l>t" blll·iml in till' {.!l'otmd, :tncl

:!."\ Ihat sUt~ces:;ful opt•ration may lm luul when

theY arc so lml'i~d, c\·cn thou:.d1 tlw wit·cs
forrning the l"tJIIt~dors nrc not co\'~rc<l by

insulation.

IlaYiug now dt•scriheu my inn~nti.on what

I clclim is:

ao

l. .\ receiving stnt ion for radio sig-nals,

t•omprising a collertur di;.;poscd hen('ath the

:mrfHl'e of th(" ground, in comhinatinrr north

a c·owlm·tiu;.r ~('l'E't>n tl~rt~t~d· nt thP surfa<'c

of the ground over the collector.

:I:J

2..\ rcct•i dng stntion for racfio si~'1la1s,

nll portions of which are hcncath the snr-

fnec of the ~r·ound~ in eomhinittion wiih a

t•outlllt tin;.r serccn dispost>cl nt the sm·fael• of

tlu.• ground over the station.

40

:t .\ l't•c•t•h·i ng station fo1· r;~dio si~.ua ls,

c.·ontpri:-.;ing a loopccl t·olLcdm· (lispust•cl hc-

ncaih tllc surfnce of the ~1·ouu<l, in com.-

hination with u. l~onclucting Scl'l~ c.lispu&•4.\
a.t th•· ~au·rn,·c of tlH' grountl nn•t· tlw loupl!t ~ .v;

eolledur.

·!..\ l'ecei,·iug :tppar:JtUlS foL' wiL"clcs!i ·

nal:.;, t~ompri~iu~~ iu c:omhiuntion.. a pui1·

<·ollectors ly iug IX!U~I"th tho sur ftL\.'l~ u f

g-rouml in substantial alin~nwnt in tht• din~c­

tit>n o( dt!Sil'ell l'l'Cl'ption, a dctcdor eirt:uit

ns;-;ociatcll with saicl eollcdors, alltl JU(.•uns

<~OliUlH>ll to both saicl t·olled.or·s fut· clifft•J'rll-

tiully atfcctin~ the dt'tedoL' cil'l~uit Ly sta.tic

impulses l'C•"Cl \"l'tl iu !inic.l eullcetm·s.

·

UOY A. 'VI~AGANT.

1,365,679.

T. APPLEBY AND L M. KNOLL

RADIO A~PARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 14, 1919.

Patented Jan. 11, 1921. :

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

\

T. APPLEBY AND L M. KNOLL.
RADIO APPARATUS,
ArPLICATIOI riLED JUN£ 14, 1919.

3 SHUTS-SHEET 2,

A
.F'.:re.d_

.FIG-_6 _

1,365,579.
FI6:.Z

T. APPLEBY AND l. M. KNOLL
RADIO APPARATUS.
APPLICATION fiLED JUNE 14. 1919.
Patented Jan. 11, 1921.
3 SHUTS-SHUT 3.
A

FIU:.tJ_

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

TBOXAS APPLEBY AND LLOYD M. KNOLL. OF PHILADELPHIA. PENNSYLVANIA,

ASSIGNORS OF ONE-THIRD TO CORNELit;S D. EHltBT. OF PHILADELPRIA,

PE.NNSYLV ANIA.

RADIO .1-.PPARATUS.

t .:u;.;,5;u.

Specification ot Letters Pntent. I,atcntcd Jan. 11, 1921.
Application filrti J'un.- 14. 191~. SeriRJ No. 304.118.

'f'o,di rrhom it ''tt'!tt.·ow·,,·l,:

lo k. • had to tJ.<.• llt'C'OlllJ>anyinno· drJWill"e'S' in 55

Bl• it kuown 'that Wl'. Tuu)I.\:' .\l'I'J.t:r:Y wltH·h:

:ITld Lr.orn ~I. K~111.I .• c·iti~l·ns of tlH' l 'nit<·d
~tall'.;. r'·:.-i.fi11;.! in ti11· ,·ity and «.'ounty of

of

Fi;.!lll'l' I i~ apparatus,

oaut\p·ir<i·w:;,inp~aia'tlryotudtiaai(>Tlreama.mbsa~tribc­,

~ Philacll·lphia. :'Ltt\· of P,•nn;.;ylnlllia~ ha\'c iug or rad ia ti ~~~-roi I mdo:;cd or :-;ercl'neu

in\·l'nkd 'l'I'Ltin Jlt·\\' and ll:'l'fttl Imprun•- l1y tla• l':trth or l'tflli\·:dl•nt.

60

Dl"nt:-; in H:ulio .\ l'l':t rat t:s. ~' f wl• id1 tlw fol- Fi~. ~ i~ :1 ~i1uilar dt•w of &l modifietl furtn

lowin!! i~ a =--p~t·ific·ation.

wlu·rl' twu rotatablt• t:oils at an ang-le to each

a Our inn!utiou r"latl'::.- to tlw tran:--mi~sion otlwr arc cmployctl.

·

o of lai;.!lt frcqm·:H'Y l'll<'r~·~·. a..; ek·<'~r()·.radi:mt Fig-. is a diagrammatic view of appnra-

cnl'r!!\'. througl: tlw natur:d ua•d1a lor pur- t·us irn ol\'ing :;tntionary radinting or absorb- 65

- po:-;l•~.:· of :.-ig"n:dia~. trau!"m!:-;sion of intt•11i- ing c·oil~ at an au~Ic to l'lll'h other buried in

'rl'Ilt''' nr rm•~:-::t~t·:..:. ~~r for· nn\' otlwr purpn~('. th(• (';lrth or otherwise scret•ned. -:- Our inn•nti,;il r·P:-:id<':·~ in h;,th tran:..:mittin'! Fig. 4 is n diagrammatic view of absorbing

15 and rt-t't-i,·in!! npJ,nnttu:; f,.r JHH'po~rs of the or raclint iug enndtrdors di8pOSl'cl at. :tn anglt~

c·haral't~'l' t'P.ft~t-rt•d to. pnrtir·uhrly for pro- to <'<H'h otltrr and burircl in the ca1 th or 70

cm·in.!! d~r;oetin· ;·ff,•..t:..: and for prl~\'t'nting ~im i In rlv s<.·rct•necl.

id,·r(ttrt'Itc'l' or "'lwr ,Ji~~ urlmn<'CS.

Fi~. f, is a ,·iew o.f apparatus t:ompri:::ing

~forp parti. nbrly our· in\'~ntinn resid<'s in. ~t:ttionary ahsoriJing or r·a,.liating :-;tructure

20 :1pp:11·atti:, of tlH• ('h'!l':t.t"tt>r rt•_fe~rPcl to in burit•tl in the t':lr~h or simil:1rly serecned in

whi· h a p:11·t or th<• l'llflr<' r:tclwhng- Ol' :tb- <"niip<.•ration with :tbsorbiug or ra•liating 75

:snrhin:! ~ t r11dllrl' i~ J:ltil'l' or )p:;;::; <'nmp!ctely stl'nd.llrl' (lil-'IJ(,:-;ed aho\'P tlw t'nrth or o11tside

~m·r·mindt•:lll\· :t natm·::lrw·:linm of.ht>r th·ltl air. a:-; for t'X:trnplt•. tlu• Pnrth ot· \\':ttt•l': or

,,f Ftih~l.·

G:.,its'l'la'l'J\J'iiu<'u~··

str·w·turc. of n rotatable

ratlinting

or

25 snc:h rncliatin!.!' nt· :th!==nrh;n!! :.trnrt11rr may :dJsorhing • nil st1·neturc burit•tl in the earth

lJl' t•ntir•·l~· or in p:n·t ~imibrl.\· morP or les:-; or· simi In rlv s<·n•t'JJI.'d in HS:-,ociation with 1'.1· 80

•·r:mpl<•tPly irwlo-:f'd in a :mitahl(• serf't-n or ,Jintin!! en: ahsorhin!.!' :-:tru;·tun· ahon• the

··a!!t' h:n·in:: tlH' :-::llllC' or· similar t•fl'Prts :1s the c•:trtl• ~~r t~X~t'l'l~a I to the l-t:rc<•nin~ means.

t':t i·t h or wn t('r.

Fi~. 7 i:-: a 1liag-r:tmmat.ir ,·iew illu.:;trating

~ so l n <.'Oil!H'dion with rPr~h·in.!! apparatu!: !illlltipll'X apparatus. Pmployl'tl n~~ a r:ulio <'nmpas:-:; hcC'ans~ of rli- Fig. S i~ :t \'it~\\', j::utl.\ cli:tgr·nwmatic anll 85 I'P('ti\'t• rfTrdo,; ·~~ ohtainNl. Fot· Pxamplc. hv partly in peJ'Sjx•et.in·. illnstrnting rn(liating

n r:,btable nl•"nrhin!!' t•oil !==frll'·htrc. the nC'CU· ,n· nh~orption strudlll'e togi:ther with con-

r:wr of clt'trrmin:1.tion of (lirrrtion of n 35 SOII.r C of r:Hliant C'TH'rg'\' i:: somdimt•S mntc.
r·ia!J,· iTltPrf••r"·l •,•·1th h~: nhi<'d~ :·!s c·onrhwtin,z ill:t~s·.·~. nr· •·:11·:1! fo~~n•:tt:,·n.-.; li• ·:t· t.l•t• ::l'-

Ill'< tion~ tlll'rl'fq :mel in.4rnml'nta.1ities 'o-
n "l ;(' (':l t; T1 ~~ t1!1'!'1'\\' ithy n ~h ieldt!<l
l~<'r1.·rring to Fig-. L. E represents the 90 •·:•rilt. \\':t! <'I' n:· ,.; Jll i rdt~nl Bl'rt~eni ng or

..;·,rh!n!! ~trtwtm··'. \':i 1 h r··~nlt •nt di~tortir,n
n( t hP elt•rtric or ma!!nt>ti,. field. or both,
40 :1nsinrr :1 ,.:,r:;:fn11 ~r the.• d·.•!t·t·min<'illlirec-
nr tiPrl rr •m thC' tnt:• tlirrctinn. By emplny-
m('nt Ot!r inn•:ttillll, hln'.'''\'<'r. t1!1' •l=StltTb·

:-:hiddirt'!' Jl).ean~ "·i~hin ,~:hich is burierl or disnosr~i :1 •. nil (; of :lllV suitable llllmber of t!IJ'~l:3. rut::t:tbl<· hv tlw sha rt (l. about a \·erti-
cnl axh ,,.Jh..rcby th'-! plane of fhe eoil C may 95
he c:tl!~f''l t•> point in any <lircf'tion. The

in"! C'frc···t' nf ,J:~;ortinn nr•· m:\tf•ri~dly rc·- tr·rminab of tlw <'oil C t\·r:ninate in th<.• slip

flm·rrl . .\n•1 irt·r:::p:··r·tiVI' of ,1i.fortion ef- r:n_!!·s ?1, r·. with whic·h co()pc•rat<.' the brushes

45 frd~ t.Iv· r-rit:,·:d rn:!~:~m"m o:· min~mum rr•- h,. ,.,. eonnt>d('~l to the con(luctors d nnd e,

spon~·· in tl•l' rc•r•f'i\·i:l!! :tppanttt:~ an' morP with wltir·h m:t\' l1~ asf-io<'i:tte<l thr ntriable 100 ~h:tr:'l.\' dl'f::H··l "''!''T'I'l.y \\'ltPn tltC' :tJ,p:tra- t llll in~ <·o~ndPn .. ~·r ot· t'tt p:H'if v K, tht~ con-

t•r... i:i ~o :..:tl:tal•Jr slti;•]!~etl its tlirl'dional or 'cln tors d ancl e conncdin!! to :u1v suitable

com~:n s propPrt'~e:-: :·n• impt"l\'(''1.

rrc<'i,·in!! apparatus. ns audion or t'ht>rmionic

60 f'ur inn n~ iCJrt r·:·:-:irl"=" :dso in mill! inlc·x :tp- rldt·· tnrs :tn•l amplifiPrs, wlwn the app:trntus

p:tr:ttll ... ..,( the• ('h:!r:td,·r ht·r·l'ina rtt•r de-

' ~c·rihctl.

~ ' o

r

For
ms

an i11ustr:ttion of snrnP of tlH' manv
our structure may take, reference Is

is ll~Pd :!s :t r:11lio •·ompa:-;s or dirl'ction finclcr, 10~
..,JI!ii!!. tH' to :111,\' suit:tblP ~our('£' of hi:zh frPquenC'y
'»<'ill:ttions when the npp1rntus is to be use~ lor tranomitting. Carried by the shaft a i~

~J"

~ ~ ~ ~-~ ~ ~~

~ompnss . . the

1,368,1179
srnle or rnr•l D, with 1rhi•·h .·o- " l'nl:ttai.J,. urljnsl:thh• t•nil nr in<lurtnn•'t' L,

OJ>t'rah·~ n Hntionan poiutl·r ;. tlu.• sha~t '' nncl tht•rt•fon• the c·oil C au.J t'nlllpas. c·ar·d I>

wlto~l' c·ir· u:t c·apa. ity I\,.

111 ,,. he• \riu·u

IIIIHII·Ha·tplp:I"J\t·~·talttPus

nit~riaulsJPido

I)C'•\in"1l:wrnr•tnthtaPbl:ta•pJp,.,a. ratlttut•:-:luiu~ tlti!w"l'icHl •ca•l:-

B. a

radio

a, :t dir·c•c·tinll li11dc·r or· dir·t·t·tioualh· ~l'lt•cl in• rc·n:in·r. th;•rt• i. a:-;:-:o ·int-·d with 'the• c·oil

I compa~~. for t·xamplt• tl:t· :-ha !'t ., i:- rotatc•d
until the (·oil C a!-=~llllll·s that p.,:-itiou ;.!i\··

L:: and c·c,lldt•r,:-,·r :q,par·.llu:-:. till' c·oil

K a ~uitaltll' cle~l·din:.! L::3hl'ill~ rotatt•d wi!lt re-

70 ·
!

in:,r rith('r rnaxin111m, ruinimtllll or otl~e·1· l'(lt'l'l to tlu· :4.11ionary c·oil:-; L ancl L, until

rritic·:tl l'l'!'JHHl:-:t• in t!h· r\·t·l'i,·iug apparatu-; n lll;tximum ol' ruiniruum l'PSJH>ll!'l' is oh-

10

stoom·,t.h·t•l'rol·fla·vr:~ccllti•atn<t.·rrtu'lillll'tl•'!!\t'htl•rll':tct!<i•rdt•.•·tfioorn·

of a t'X:tlll·

t:tira•d. wla•n•upcm tlH• clirP<'tion of thC' uxis 1 of tiH• c·t,il L. is thl'll au iuclic·ation of the 75

pic>, upon :1 ship whit·h ·i~ ~h·t·rin:! into a laar- clircdion of tht• ~om·· t' of radiant cner!!V. f

Lor at or in thl' ,·:einit \'of ·.·:llir·h the r·oil C \Y!tile two l'od..; (' nntl (\ are shown. it wi"ll

is instnll('d.

·

15 It ha:-; Ul'l'Jl fnund that whl•n• stil'h a radio
compa~s is in:;;tallt.•rl nt•nr mas~es of conductin,!! matt.•rial~ or rwar nn~ymnwtri<·:tl t•arth

formations ns a hill Ol' c·liff. a cli:•tortiou or

the electric or lll:l!!IH•tir· fields: or hoth. tak:·:-;

20 place, with the I;esult that for eritil'al re-

sponse in the re<'ch·in;,!' apJJ:tratu:-; tht• plane

of the coil C will not c·oirwicle trnlv with the plnnc in whieh the source of t•:uli:~nt t~w·r~\·
is di~posed. IImn~n~r~ by loeati11g the aJ;..

he uncll'r·tot,d afs,) that ottr inYcntion rompr·i:-:l'~ tht• liSP of only otll' of tlll'tn. OJ' of more

of tltl•m. Tn Fi!!. 4 in lil'u of <·lo~<'<l t:oils therP. nrc
1hp(1ul1r~0·till'·l•d'clailtIll~alHnlt:h:ateut.>:d.c:"•i:fe'tro\ln\h"ciltuEhC'rtocosrrp;-eN;<l.C:lt:l,eit\o':aUelacll:nl-lt1(oo\ntehtleiosr-;r

80
~

and in ~t>rirs with llwse conduetor~ arc the 8

acljn:-;tal,lC' illdud!lltC('.~ an1l ··onclrnsPrs L, K

:lllll L,. K::~ and adjustable indudanec or1

c·t1il L:: l>l·ir:g- !'lJtat:tblc with re..;pret to the

25 sorbing- stnrdnrC' in sueh po:-;ition tlut it is indu··t:tnl·•-·:-; L. L, :1s clcsC'rih<•tl in ,·onnt·c·tion

wlwllv or lar!!l'h· sttrromH1l':l l>\' tl11• ,•:lrtiJ or with Fi:!. :1, \\.ith tlw irHlllC'taJlc•t• L .. is a:o-so- 90

rqui\':liPnt. the· t•nors iutrocftH"t·d Lv tlu• 30 tat'nf~orl'utYP'i(."h'.·;iCa:lhtei•d!llwt'n,defi~iehrt:\:.o·.t·crlniivt!io~1~hh1llyllJaW'r!rt·lleornctrmlHul~<al''t0adlh\''rts•iorhari.vllnh~gi·-nc!l;'p!tlr':ots.lhrttltrlin'loo'cdn-r.

ci:1ted !liP ltmill!! t·onclensPr K ... Ill;J'C' :t!!ain

{·ith~·r
dl't•d

ii~'oro:b1thas!onrvj,dti,onthoer

dr:a..d'lita!(t'itoinn~

a clirc\··ti\'e app:tratus

chllw·:itn:!~'lln<'sPs~wLi::: ttf(o•rd

\\'ith ('ontlen"iPr K .. ftiHl in-
l'l't't'ption or clirl'et'ion fitlll-

95

1- 1' It wlll be undl•rstooc.l that impron·d ef- ill!!. or upon them m:1y be impressed oscilla-

feds will Lc ol>tain\.•cl C\'l'll without :.;;m·h tions ;._!'l'nerated by any :-:uitaL!c source for

35 c]inp•.~n!s!·e~raihtnor\!u'!rC~tmuarthtcre.rCir:taImr:t:h1f1y's1rcf~nluw•rnrfma·oprerCo. j'.tPhtcoht.eumgnhobrseinlt·obirs-·

prPft•rt'ctl that it be l'lltin•lv Lt•twnth the sur-

40

fnce E...

priT~Cn's

J?i!!'. two

2

thP

· ahsor·bin_g

!':trurt.ur·p

c~om-

coils C nnd (\. e:tC'h of nnv suit-

nl!Ic> numhrr of turns. cli..:pos('cl nt nn' nn~de

Win ttt1h1erCe'nssp~rrto fto

r:1C'h ntlw:· atHl rotataldc a~ Fig. 1. The l'oils C. (\ are

shown conm•C'frcl in :-:criPs wifh l':teh othrr.

45 thnngh it .'·.·ill lw und:'rstootl tlwy may be ('(~JJnrdccl m p:lr:tl!('L 1TPJ'I' w::tin :~nv ~nit-

t rnnf-im itt iu.z }'llrposl•s.

·

l11 Fig.;, tl'" !-lirnilar· tD that

aorfT:JFilig'!".Pi!4I<~'J~)lt

fisarsunh~sL··1o1rH1t·iParlnlys

100

ont· ot· mon· ~~oll!lll ·tors C:: ancl (\, i~HlHC'-

(:tltl'r~ L~
K... Tn

~'L'l,'i.c·Ls:.!oarndnth:·•o·rn\<\·liP·;npsP!r':striKtn1h• lvK:!n:a-:ns<o-l

d:.itcd w!tlt th,•rnl:lf:lhll' indtwt:tll<'l'.L.. :tnd tlw c·orH.l<'ll!-:<T K:, i~ :r :~ceondary .~ of a-n rn- 1,

cilbtion tr:tn:=fnruH•r whosp primary p i::; in

SiEh('tr~imt."·:jqt•w~>pinathrnnytfhtt:os•tia!;nst'tret!snf.n<ni'ctalah.fl~\C,,<.' 'Ocl'utm'pCaaPe•pict~fr:•1v1n.11to:'1YPsh:terrl:tt1h·
n•cti,n flndin~. tlw rpr·ei,·in·.~ :tpparntus; on- lJO

nhle may

lHtr' annsssmorii.:tttticnfgl

o. r With

rtrh<e'l'ic\·oinil(,l..'s. trHnJlt(u)nrre-a-tCus,

50

sC~',,r.l>winl1!~iC'~htrmndauyrcb.l'. l'It]H'r a . Tn Fi!!. :~ tlw eoils C' and

rn<liatinrr or nLC\ nrr ~t,a...tionary

tahntc~ l

buricf] l'nrth F

or or

ctqonia·:nlla~rngte.

pnrt with

(lisposetl in tlll'ir plam•s

55

~n-tcrniens

:lll!.dC' with rP!'fH'f't to earh
\\'ith tlw cnil r is r•onnedell

on.thY:elrri.:thIltn~

!udnrbnre L nnrl ,·nri:1biC' rapa<'ity I\,: and

111 :il'I'it•s wiih tl1" c·llil (\is a Yariablt• irvine-

llt'('(''d tn thn o:vludor.• d an1l e is sub_J·c:-ted

t'l tlti· c'tllljo:ni <'fTC'ds of tors (':: ajtd C: ns '·'-·ell

thr :!s

thhPuriPcf1flpc·rto~ncpluroc--

dtiC'ed in tl:C' :1C'rial .\. tlaP acria I nn(l nil c·ir-

c:.! c3 .;!lrcr_'tlU·•··':u:rnP-i·ct:tti.mn.:i;.n.rsh:·tnhiviJl'ilnH!P!ni'l'so(td'iiffoni<inmn'r~tlahp~tlh•llrw•'looy~n'f:\r•t·Clc<PIw'·rlnllti.<etnili'nf:t•n!'h•;!!~t'eOrd<'vn'ihftlTotcttmtllnf•rlc·)lwtd•d·srlicon•:!oltr.Y!~sf!•.trodomiirsnBtitl~:1ow'vq1n1rn!<th1!ift·ohrtalenii---s.

1 I!i
l~CJ

Tn Fi!.!'. (i tl:t· :tllft·nrJ:l is :!!-'..:fH'iatt•d with n

t:tnl'e or coil L: :u11l n. \'ariahle <":lpar.ih: K ... Thus thr coil c•it·"ttits mav lH' tunt•cl t;·> the

r·qi! :o:'rndnl't' IIIrns. "hidt

C
i:.;

pnrPff<a'nt::v!hl!.-Y=llirt·:tohtlcahhnln~m· ha<s•r

of <11'-

60 f1tC'r•!T to l1p :thsor!l('t] or 'tr:m"mittC'tl. Tht' ·rTilwrl in ('llllfl<•r·!i'Hl with Fi!!. 1. tlw f•oil C

(·oils L. L, art• pl:t('t'•l i!t :m nn:.rlP with t':t•·h and tiH• :1lltL'tllla .\ roiipc•rativPl.v afTPdingthc 12·'>

r. ~'

na_tnh~rl·rr.

prt'f<'rahly at hd\Y('('n tll'·ir

cnonilsnn!!lfc' l.rqnT:dn

to the intlur-

tn·c relation to both coils L, L, is disposed

C!ir';~l-l:r-n,•ari,oy·innd!Lu.!rc·atopnfpr:~atrn·,d,ytntssnuctli•toa'n'·bnl:e•Td<lnt'P<ulm(t'booieltrhSentlf'rll(·t'rtl'nmi\r·c-·usr~

AAA~-~~~~

~Jund.may o~vc:~~~he =mt~and

be fixed : stati=ry,

l'eceiving

IUOI'f sh:1rp:

prise <."oils fixed or st:1tionary as in Fi:.,rs. 2 cll)fin~s till' clire:·twn of mnximum rauliatwu

and 3.

in tl':msmittin~ nppuratm;.

Jn Loth the ca:ies of Fi~. 5 and 6 the appa- ''"hilt• in ~orw• of tlu~ figm·c·~ t·onnt•rti,Jlls

6 rutus muy be ('Dlployf'd for cliredion fitllhng from tlw lml'it·tl or shic·ldt>d l)trudlll't> art• 70

or reception in ~eneral, or for directional :-laown n~ nlun·t• the •·nrtlt or· outsiclt! of tilt'

transmitting by impressing UI?on both the an- :-:hit•ldincr strtu:turt.>. it i:-; to bt• undt·r~too(l

tennn structure and tbe bur1ed or shielded that th;.St' c·o:mt• tions nucl instr·umrntali-

~tnacture hi~h fref(Uency oHCillations from t it-:os mny ulso lw l;m·it•d or ~hit.llclt•,J. For·

10 uny suitnhle sour,·e.

t•x:unph•. in tlw l":t:-;t•s of 'Fi~s. 1. :! anc1 fi 7 5

Innrran~mentssuchssindicatedin Fi~.5 tht_) l'tlt'l•ivin;.r appnrutu~ mi:.rht ),,. in tlw

u.ncl6, wherein in addition to directive trans- ~lllw ··hambt-r or c:a ritv with tlw rututnhlP mitting or receivin~r structure there is em-· coil stnwtnrt·s. .\ nd '"in c·onneetiou with

pl<~v~d in co(jpera.tion an antenna strut'ture, immcJ\'ahlt· shit-lc.lt~,I or ),lll·it-cl strul'tm·t• a:--

15 tl1e..entire combination has uni-lateral char- in Fi~~. :{. 4 anti 5 the (•onnrction.;; there- so

uctt:'ristics in thnt in a direction opposite to from nud :tpyurt<·n:lllt nppat·atu~ may ~)<'

that in whi<."h maximum tr3nsmittin~ and receiving effects are possible the transmittin~ and receivin:,t effects are zero. In these.
c3 ~20 combinations the buryinl( or shielding of the dire~·th·e elements; OS conductors CJ, of Fi~. 5 and c-oil or coils C of Fi~r. 6, does

sc~puratt•lv shH•Idt•tl. o1· DJtl,\' ht• tltspo~•·cl m a t:!mmb~r o1· ,.a ,,itv in tho t•urth m· simi·· larh· ,:o~}Jil'lclt~tl. " ..lit~re tlw c·otuw<~tious ur•· al,o\·(' I£1"Uilnd m· out."'iidl• the shit•Jdin~ stru··- t46
co hu·e--, U8 diagJ'ammuti<"ally iJHli··ater) ill
~orne of the figures, :-;uch nne tions rrray

not interfere with the uni-lateral charac:ter- themselves act somewhat as nntennre. and

istics, but increBses the capacity of the appa- so tencl to IH"o<lrwta unclt·sirt~cl tlistor'tion m·

25 rntus as an entirety shnrply to determine di- t•ffeet~ in the natm·t• ot' uui-lntt•J'al .. fff'rt~. lW

rect.ion. either for trnnsmittintz or receivin~, In Fi~. H is shown an lll'ran;.remeut ,.,·hm·eby
in addition to the aclvantap:e p:ained in elimi- uhsnrption strnc tm·•·· ns l'ot:atahiP (•oil <'.

nntin~ or reduein~ distortion effects.

~imilut· to Fi~. 1, togt•ther with tlw c•on-

'Vith uni-lateral nrranl!tlmtlnts of the rw· tiou.- therefrom and the instr·umtlntnli-

ao <~harncter indicated in t·onneetion with Figs. ties l)mp1ovc.-cl thPrewith nre nII shit•Jr.ll'rl. U5

5 nncl G. mnJtiplc•x reception or trunsmisHion Tlm!), tJw r.umleetion:-; from thr absorption

is noudilv eft'ect~d hv asso-·iatin~ with th~ :ost.ructurf' C to tht- condenst•r J(, ns w~H as ant~nna 'ony ~uitablf'' numhm· uf shiehlecl nr tlm l't'('t'i\·in~t im;huments R, ar·e shit~ldcd. buriecl Mtru'rture.~ ea('h utilizable for a dif- Jt will be likrwist• un<let·stood that in ('a~H!

35 ft-rPnt direction of ~··~ptiou ur tratnsmission the structnrt- C of Fi~. R trunsmits m· ra<li- 100

whc~n t•c,Operntin~ witb the an~nnu. In utf'!" t>ll~I'~V. the a~soeiatl•cl tl':tnsmittin~ ap-

thif-1 conne··tion eaeh of the buried ur shield- ptu·nhiH nluv l1e similurlv shit.>lded.

·

ctlstruct.ure:-s may have its own ~parate and "\Ye do riot claim us' om· in\·tlntio't tlw

cli~tinct eoupJini,r. lik(• p, ,.,, with the "co- c:umbination of an nntennu ~t rudurc• m·

40 operating 11ntenna. ThnM, mt•sMa~e.., from a pnth eooperutiu~ with a clirt'.tional sf I'll•'- 105

pJurHHtv of transrnittin~r stntion:i locatP.\1 ttu·e in tr·nm~mitting or· J'CCt'ivin~ npparntus in cliff~'rent dire· tions from the ~eivin~r fcu· ~a\~( ting uni-latPrnl operation, but clnim

·apparatns sneh :ts shown- in Fill'S. 5 and 6 :t!i· our· invention in ~neh combination t 1•<~

mnv he simultaneously reeeivecl in tlu~ afore- 8hieldin~ by nutnml or artHLiul rnc:tn~. as 46 mf'ittionerl multiplex' arrsnJZ~ment he~·ause etu·th or metallic scrt'enin~ strurturr. tht) L,,,

or as to each of surh trnnsmittinl( ~tations a clir~ct.ional struc·ture of the cnrnbinution.
c1ifl"erent uni-laternl muximnnr recr.pt.ion is l•'m· the sake hr·ln-ity. in the appended

Jlffl:sibl(~ at the ret·ei\'in~ ~tntion. Rnr.h mul- c·lai~ru; wt~ c•mploy tht! tt·r·m ·•r·atlio'' as rc-

tiplex appnratns is indi,·nted in Fitc. 7. latin~ to unduln torv. im pul~h·r. cJt' r ilu'll-

50 whertlin two shieldecl radiatin~ nr· ahsm·h- tcll'y ~lectri(·nl effects h·amnnittPc1 through J 1 ,, in~ stru('tHrPs~ ns rotatable coils C :uul C,, t1w nntnr~\l mN1ia.

co-a<."t with th~ same nntenna st.rnrtnr~ A, "'"hn t we• rln im is:

whi··h J:1.tter i:'i conpl~d to them by the pri- 1. Th~ combination with r:ulio transmit-

mary p and Re(·ondnriPs A and 111• 'Vith the tintr or· nl~orption stnrdnrl• · nmprisina a .56 SP.•·ondnry 11 are a.--sociuted the concl~n&er K, rntary coil. of nu•an~ fm· sl•i,•lcli 11g- sai1l 1::o

:mil r.onnectin:,r f'undw tor·s d ~tnd ~: while l'tl'uc·ture. 'vh~n·hy .-li~tort i11n:tl "1Ft•,·! s arP

with the se<."nnclurv .f1 \·ariable c'mcltmser · 1(::•

are ancl

nssocint~d the the connElttin~

•·c~duc·t•cl nnd tlw eli r(Jf'l ion:t I c·lr~tr·a tc·r·i:-ti .. i m·rt-ase<l.

c:nnclndor~ tl, anc! t' 1•

eo Tn nrr:tn~t-ment:oJ uf nll nf tht! chnraMcrs

lwrt•in clrt-wribed t.ht- hm·vin~ or ~hit-lttin~

oi uhsnrbin~ or trnnsinitting: Htnartnrr.

in acluitiou to ks;.;r.nin~ the etft'ds of tlit~-

~ ~the tot·~cirointicaasl

described. maximum

moro sharply cl<!fines or minimum responses

2. Tlw t'Olllltination with 1·adi, transmit-

tin~ m· nhsorption strudur... ompl'i:-inl! ~L t:.:.,

c•oil rotatablt• nhout :t snhstanti:dl\' \'c•r·tir·al

tJ,., t1f. :t'.i.:, u( nwun-. (uJ' :iiJic•Jdinte !oillicl ·)':trtt•·tnr·•··

wlwrt>hy cli~tor·ticmaJ efTt>dH am r·ecluc·c!d nncl

:1._cTlihr•ecticuon~ablindumtmicoc~nr;wslitih··•·uint•lior~ltlJs~·du.

n

s

;~
miti

--==::1~~~~==~ ~ ~ ~

1,380,079

~

tin#! or nhsorption strul'ture comprising a the circuit of snicl coil to the fr~quency of 86

rotary coil. o-f a natural m~dium otlwr than the re<·eh·e<l ener~y. uit· iit which ~ni<l rotarY ,·oil is l"hit>ldetl 11. H:ulio ret·ei\·inl-! apparatus cornpris:uttl to or from whir·h 'said t•oil <lirl'rth· in" a stutionarv unshit.~ltlctl antenna struc-

6 transmits ot· J'l'Cl)in,s t'.ltel';.tV. whereby distortion:tl effl•t·h; nt·e n•llu.·etl :uHl the tliret·tiona I . h~trnet•.•t·i:.:tic in('J'f'n.;;c,l. 4. Tlw comhination with radio trnnsmittin$.! or tibsot·pt~on strudtirc ('omprisin~ a

ctue7h-·e~da

ernoettru~·yv

.. coil nn<l

dirrnl•-Cntelivinn~usowribtihn•t'!'

resni<l

7'J

nntennn strueiure, n shield for suid <~'1il. nnd

vnrinbl<' rapa<'ity for tunin~ thr. t·ircuit of

said coil to the frequency of tl~e receiv ~d

10 eoil rotatnhle nhout a suhstantiallv Yllttt- energ-y. cnl uxis. of u natural mmlium other 'thnn nir 1~. 1\Iultiplex rndio transmitting "~" rc· ·iu

in whi<'h saicl rotar·v <·oil Is shieldPcl ancl to
or from whic·h saici roil clire..th· tran!'imits or rt':·c.•h·c.·~ f'll~r~V. whereby dist'ortionn} ef1~ fe· ts nr.- t't)tltH'Pcl'ancl th<' dit·edionul churnctl'risti·· inerea~Pcl. ·

ceivin~ structure comprising nn nntenna

structure, nntl a pluraljty of shielclc.~<l roils

dire(•t}y raulintinA" 01' uusorhin~ t•IWrJ!y nne{

co-acting- with said untennn structure for

t•itlwr tt·anjo:mittin~ nr rl•c·t•idn~.

80

5. Thl' <'omhirwtion with raclio tmn~·mittin!! or nl·~orption l-:h'tiC'tnrc c~omprising n t·otitn· •oil. of tnPans fm· shi<•ldin~ saicl 20 ~trndlll'f', whc.•t·l'ln· cli~tortional f.~fTeds nrc reclnrecl n1ul the 'clir('(·tiClnnl rlmrut·tpr·istic inrrt•:l~t·cl. nncl an un~hic.•J,Jt'cl nnt<'nnn r-;tr·tw-

l:l. 1\lultiplcx rn<lio trnnsmittin~ or re-
A c,•iving strn<"turc romprisin!.! nn unshit•lcle<l
nnt<!nnn stJ·uc·tnrc, nncl n plurnlit.y of rotu.tuhle shicl<led roils dir<!ctlv rncliuting or uhsorbing ener~v nnd c·o-airtingo with snid 8 nnh•mu1 structure for t~ithPr trn.nsmitting or

ture roiiperating with sai<l c·oil nn<l in,h.•- receivin~.

JWnclf'nth· hauRmittin~ or r·('(~ei\'in~ ener~y. 14. Radio trnnsmittin~ or rt'reivin:;r ap25 6. Tlw' c·omhination with radio tt·:tnsmit- pnrntus comprisin!.! nn un~hiclcl,,d nntennn.

t.ing m· :ahsor·pt inn strndu.r·t.~ romtH"ising- u structure. n shic•lcl<•<l r:ulintin~ or nh~nrh· DO

roil rnbtnh),) nl)(mt n ~nh;tnnti:tllv n•rti ..n.l nxi~. of nwan:-: for shif'ldint! snicl 'stnH'tnr<'. whet·l'hV 11i:-otortional pfff'rt.~· :u·~ r<'dllr<••lnncl 30 th£1 rlirP tionnl rhnrnPt<lri~tir inc·rens(l(l. nn<l

ing strudnre <'o-nc·tin~ tlwn)with for either trnnsmittin~ or rt•c·l'ivin~ nncl h:n·in~ nn inrlt'penclt)nt osc·illntion pnth. nncl menn!ll for
sepnr:ttf'IV nttuning the osri11ation pnth of

:m un~hit•lclf'cl nntl'nna structure c·oi)pernt- suttl !-'hiel,l<-cl Rtrtwture.

96

in!! with saicl c·oil ancl intlt'pcn<l<)ntlv trans- 15. 1\fultipll.•x rndio r<'rt'h·in~ npparatns

mittin" or· rf'f'C'i,·in!! NH'r!.!'V.

·

rompri~ing nn nnsJ.jp)clf'cl nnh'nnn ~trurture,

7. The romhinntion with rndio trnnsmit- nncl n plnrnlity of shi<'ltl<'tl strnc·tur<-!'1 cH-

36 tin:;r or nhsorption !':trurture comprising n. rotarY roil. of n natural ntf'cliurn otht'r thnn air hi which snicl rotnr\· c•oil is !'hieltl<·cl nn<l to or from whi,·h ~aiel <:oil directh• transmits
or nhsorbs ener!!Y. wlwn'hv ;li-;tortionnl
40 etTeds arc reclur(•(fand the di'r<'rtionnl c•hnr-

rcrtlv nhsorhint,! rec<'in)cl rn('r;.ry in,Jllpf'ncl· rnth~ of snicl nnh•nnn str·uc-turr nnfl f'o-nrtin~ 100 witli saicl nnh)nnn struc·tnr<' in nhRorbin~ re('eiv~cl <-n('r:;rv. nncl si:.rnnl trnn~htin!! m<'nns c.·n-tH'ting wi'th enc·h nf ~nicl Rhil'ldr•l strur.turc·~ nntl ~:aiel unshiPlch'cl nnt''nnn strndure.

nrteristic inrrt'asPcl, nnd n cooperatin:! nn- lG. 1\fultipll':<: rnclin rt'c·ri\'ill!! nppnr:ttns 10~

tennn ~trnrture.

<·omprisin~ nn unshit'lclt'd nnft,nn:t Aft'IIC'-

R. The romhinntion with rnrlio trnnsmit- tnr<'. nnd n pluralit~· of ~hh•J,h•cl c•nil~ f'n<·h di-

tin!! or nhsorption strudur~ romprisin~ n rc•c·tlr nl,sor·hing r~·c·t'i\'c'cl t'IWI'!!V ancl ''o-nrt-

46 roi) rotatahJP nhout fl suhc;tnntiallv \'t'rtic•a} ill!! with sni,J nnh'nnn Rti'IIC'tllft' lll nhRorhRXlS, of n natnrnl m~climn oth<-r thnn nir in in~ l'l'<'l'in•cl <'ll<'r:zv. nncl !'1h!ll:tl trnn1dntin~ 110

"·hic·h sni'l rotnrv rnil is Rhif'ltl<'d nncl to or nll'nn!il rn-nC'tin,!.! with t'nc·h nf Rnicl rnit!'C.

from whic·h snicl roil clir('(•t)v tramnnits or ]j, MuJtipl<·x t•ndio r<'«'t•idn!! nppnratnH nhsorhs enf'r!!V. whf'rt'hv clistortionnl t'fTtlc•ts c·ompril-iin:.t nn uu~ldc•l•l1'•1 nntt•tm:t ~tr·tH·turr.,

60 nre rechtrf',] nricl the cliref.tionnl Phnrnrteristic un,J n plurnlity of Rhit•lclt•cl !4trtwtur('R cli·

increased, nnc.l n co()peruting nntcnnn structure.
9. Rnclio rPrf'h·in~ nppnrntn~ comnriRin~ n rotntn ble coil nh~orhin~ l'ner~v eli rt'dlv 66 from n natnr:tl mt'.tium, mf'nn~ for Rhi<•lclin!r snitl coil. nnd \"nriahle r:tp:trity in rirc·nit "'ith saicl coil for tnnin!! ~nitl c•ir<·uit to thP

J'('t·tly nhRclt'hinL! t'l'"l'i"in!! rtwr:,!\' incl<'Jlt'ncl- 11, €'nf)V of RllicJ nl1tf.1tlf111 ~frlll'flll't' nnd (•fl-JWfill'" witl1 Rnicl nnft'nnn rdrudllrf' in nhqnt·hin, r;. Cl'h·~cl <-rwr~y. Ri!!nn I t rnn .. Ju t i fl!~ mrn n; rnnt·tin:r with c':H'h of czni•l !-~hic•Jd,•tl ~trtlf'tnrtt!'l nn,J Rnicl unl-'hic•ldl•d nntc•nn!t ~tr·twtm·•·. nnd 1~0 rrwan~ for· nttunin~ tlw mu·iJJ~ttion pnth~ of

frc<]nen<·y of the ent!r:,!~' nhsorlJe<) from said Rnicl. Hhirldl'cl fo;tfotwturt·~ to the freqllr'IW)' of

eo

nnturnl mt'clinm. 10. Hnclio rc''<'h·ing nppnruttJR compri~inq

rl'<'t't\·c•rl c•ru•r·!!v. 1~. l\fultiplt:x rntlin tr·nn~mittin~ or rr·

nn tmshiPiclf'd nntPnnn ~trndnre. n roil eli- rt'h·ing ~trw•tiJT't' c•nmpri~inJ! nn nntc•11nn 126

irneC!!'t}\Vvinthh~souribcil nn!n! tfr'tn'Cn'l:'th·p~ctJrtHt''tnu~rrP:.r.V

Jln(J rn·IIC'tn shh)ltl for

fHufur·lblfi'rftl!l!r(•R,trnun.rc·J~nm·cp•HJu!r'rnuJ·ihf\·•n•nl.(ilrl:~tctnJhilntf•iflnl~!

nr tn

nh~ it~

said coil, and variable capacity for tuning · nnguJur po1ntwn wtth rcHpcct to the cliatant

•

~ ~ ~ ~ A

.A-h-...

......._

~ ~

1,863,679

receivin" or transmitting station and inue-

penuentfy co-acting with sniu uutenna struc-

tur1e9.in.'1furua1dti1•upt1ienxrer

or ausorbinrr enercr1.•. rau-11'o trunsenu. ttl•n..g.,., or

re-

6 ceiving structure comprising an ant~nnn

structure~ anti u plurality of rudiuting or ab-

sorbing rotar1 coils ench inul'pendently l'O·

acting with suid untenna structure in radiut-

10 inr~2r0.01•'',Iauh1ts1.oprIbeixnrerrneu.1nl'eorcerrye.l'e.l\.'lllg nppal'ulus

comprising an untennu structurl•. :uHl n plu-

rality of rotntuble coils each co-ut·tin~ inde-

penl.lentlv with said antl'nnn struct Ul'f.! iu radiating or absoruing energy~ und siguu1

lh translating means co-acting with euch of

said coils.

21. Ra(lio trunsmitting or absorbin~ up-

aparatus comprising nn untenna structure, and a shielueJ rotutuble coil uireclly truns0 mitting or absorbing energy to or from a

natural medium and co-acting with sahl

antenna structure.

22. }fultiplex radio transmitting or re-

ceh·ing structurf.! comprisinl! un·nnshi~ltlctl nute1um structure, und n phu·ulity uf rauliut- •lCJ ing or ubsoruing' l:oils tmch aulj ustuhlu a~ to its angular position with respect to the c.listunt receh·ing or trunsmitting stu lion nrul independently co-ncting with !;llit.l unlcmm structure in ru.diutin•r ol' ulJsorLill'' CllCI'"\' :;<; ant.! meuns fur slu•c1d1;w'1 g ut luust on"e o[• sa,.,l,ll' coils.
~3. ~lultiplex radio trnn~mitting oa· rercceh·ing structul't! c.·umJH'i~"~ing nn nntt•muL structure, und n pluhllity u( l'Ul:ll'Y c.•uil~ ~~b ituodoclp' efnrot.mlmlutli\'lrnutduiruutillml"~duai·unmln:u~un•·dltiCu.'l&!H··hl'lilnt•dt·c~,:.. penuently co-ncting with said nutt•unu :-tl'llt'·
1 or ture in rudi~ti ng m· aLsorbin:! t•nct':;t,\', uud
mcnns.!or shw Ulll~ ut ll·u~t Olll! ~llld coil:;. 41.1 In testimony Wlll'l'cof \\'f.! llit\'1.! lw1·cuutu
ufli.xeu OUl' signutUI'CS this Ht h duy of ,J IIIW,
HH9.
THOll.\:; .\Pl'LEB Y. LLOYD ~I. liXULL.

E. T. JONES.

UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWAfER ATTENNA SYSlEM.

APPLICATION FILED APR. II, 1919.

1,372,658.

Patented Mar. 22, 1921.

_,-/'
W!TI'IE~~S

~I
- --·---- -·~ -·------··-- ---- 11'/VEitTOR.
£.-z-JONES
BY~~ H/5 ,.,:rrTORI't£~

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD THOMAS JONES. OF NEW ORLEANS. LOUISIANA. UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER ANTENNA SYSTEM.

1,:1·72,658.

Specification of Letters_Patent.

Application filed April 11, 1919. Serial No. 289,427'.

To alL wlwn,. it tliU!J coucern:
Be it known that I, EowAnu THolL\~ ' .J().:\1-:S~ a citizen of the t;nited ~tates; sta-
t iont-d at the E nited ~tatt~s X a nll Station, 5 \ew Orleaus, Loui~iana, have in\·ented an

10, VJ~ tixe<l conclen~er lL indudant.:t•s 7~ ~, 5t. U und 1~. high \·oltag-e lmtt.t-'l'V l-l·nnd a !:it<'-
li" nal l'eSJlOllsin• cle\·iee l:J. "The plate
lm1·ied in tlte earth is eonneded throlt!dl a
one microfllrad condenser 16 to the t'uned

ue fm}H'ovement in Cntlerground or Untler- oscillatory cir('ttit·abcn·e llescribed. TlH• ;-;ig- 6u
water Antennre ~ystems, of which the fol- nal l'PSlJOU!::;i\·e devite 1;) may for example.

lowiug is a spceifitation.

the well known telephone recei \'er onlinaril r

M v inn~ntion 1;elates broa<llv t() radio · HSl'll in radio re<'ei \·ing ~tationl'i.

~

10 ~·omi~umi..:ation awl more parficularly to . In Fif!s. 1 nnd ~ the coils a and 4 are

under;.rrotmd Utlll underwater untenn::e sy~- illu.strated as bm·icll in the earth 5. If de- 6l
· · tt;m:; for radio reception or transmis:;ion.. sired the eoils a aiHl 4 nia.y be placed in

The object of this inYention is to provide water, for example they could be submerged

an undergTottrH.l or undct·water untcniu.e sy:-;- at a suitable flepth un1l distance apart in a

15 tem ut iliziug coneentrated energy collecting lake or ri ,·er.

·

mean:-:.

I have found from practical tests that it 70

In prior mH.lergroun1l antenn::e systems it is possible to readily receive ri1Jio messages

.hns b•.'Pil the practi·:e to employ buried in- employing the l-i,Y~tem herein describetl at

:,lllat_ed (·al1les of great length \vhieh systems a time when it wa~ impm:::sible to copy r~die

20 l'l'fJillre the construction of eostiy trenehes messages u:~ing the _usual form of overhea<l

and •H:cupy extcn~i,·e arens.

·

. antenme ::.--;~·::;tems. ~trays do not affect, to -

In the accompanyin~ dmwii1gs arf~ shown a_ny uotiet.~uble t•xtent. the praetical Ol;era-

di:u.!Tarumaticallv thl· eleetrical circuits twn of the mulerground ancl underwater illti~trativc of wmy' invention. Fi!!ure 1 antennm S'\'Sh•m described. due to the con. 25 shows <'Olll'entrateti energy eolleding. means ecntratt•c I ~form of the energy coPt!ctin!{

Lurietl in the earth. awl Fi!!. 2 discloses an means as oppose<l to the prc\-·ious practice t)f 8iJ o~rill:tting radio frequency signal rl'sponsive t>lllployin~ ]on~ cable eolleding me~ws;

t:u·cmt connected to the coneentrated energy which ('ubles p1ck up in<·rease<l strays in

tolh~cting means illustrated in Fig. 1.

pl'Oportion to their length.

· .

.30 As iwlicuted in Fig. 1, concentrated en- \Vhile! lm \'e shown cliagraminatically the

<.•rgy collecting means 3 and 4 nre burie<l in C'oncentrate1l eoib plaeecl vertically in the. 85

the earth 5 and electrically connected by in- <.'at'th it is apparent that the coils can l:u:

5nlated conductors 1 and 2 'vith the r:.ulio plaecd with their axes in any plane other

receiving apparatus.

than vertiL"td in the earth or water.

:)5 . In the particular drawing- seledeJ.to illustrate the principle of m:~ invention the eoneentrated ener<.rv colicetmg mean~ 3 and 4
are shown as c~1Is of insulated wire haviilg

.My inn~ntion has proven highlv success-
f.ul in ~r~tdieal tt>st~:(~on<l:lCtet.l ut the United 90
State~ ~a ,.a l Statwn. ~ ew Orleans. Lou•s•ana. The antennre' <.·ompri::::e<.l two coils,

the free ends suitahlv coYered. \Vhile it will Pach <.·ontaining 200 feet of Packard cable,
40 Le undrrstooll that f do not limit mvself spe- the coils hn vin~ a <lin meter of 4 feet. These

citica lly to this way of obtaining concen- <"oils were plaeed :JO feet apart on the bed of 9f
trated t•nerg\' colledin~ means to be use<l the :\fississippi River at a <l..!pth of 12 feet

as undergroimcl or underwater radio an- nntlleads brought to receiving apparatus on

tenure~ nt~n~rthele~s I ha '\'C found this pro- a whad 15 feet above the surface of the

~5

cctlure practical unllergrouncl or

inunadceturwalaotepreraanttioennnoa~f

snl:h sys-

water. S\van

I~lSnntct'lIY.I1f'i' nsri,g\·noaolds~

were received from
Colon Panama, Key

, oo

tern~.

".e~t untl ::\Iiami Florida••\rlin~ton Vir-

In Fi!!. 2 the coils :1 ancl -l: bnrit•tl in the ginia, Gnantanamo and ~Ioro Castle Cuba~

~·:nth 5 'are shown diagrammatically as be- G1·eat Lakt>s St:~tion and many ships at sen.

50 In:,r conm•de<l bv means of insulated con- I have descrtbecl the underground and

<l.uetors 1 and 2 \vith a radio :::;ignal receiving underwater ·antennre system as being con- 105

eu·r~nit. Thi!-5 l'irenit comprises an auclion · nectt!d to radio receiving apparatus but it

ddeetor 6. a:::;s<wiated with the usual tuneJ is appareut that the antennro system mav be
~ oocillating" circuit with variable cmulensers used for transmitting purposes and the Con-~

1,372,668

centrated elements employed· for radiating energy without departin~ from the principle of mv invention.
'Vhat I claim as new an<l desire to secure 5 by Letters Patent of the Dnited Stutes, is:-
1. In an antennre svstem, the combination of a plurality of ener~y collecting means with radio apparatus~ suid energy collectingmeans comprising simple concentrated free 10 ended coils of immlatecl cable. embe<lrlecl in the earth.
2. In an antennre system, the combination of a plurality of energy collecting- mean:-;

wi_th radio apparat~s associated thcre~v~th, :

s~ud energy collectmg means compr1smg 1.

simple concentrated free endcil coils of in- ;

sulated cable separate<l a relatively short '

distance apart arid embed<lP<l in the earth. ~

3. In an antennre system the comLination {?

twh=eitrheLeentewre~eyn~

collectin(T mean~ :mel_ radio appar

of atu

a s

circuit therein,

2o~
'-:'1

said energy collecting means com prisin~ _:~ flat concentrate<} free enc1Pcl c·oils emberhlecl :~

in the earth ancl ('OJln(>c·ted at eaeh en<1 of _:,:~

said c·ircnit.

X

ED\Y.\HD THO~L\S .JO~ES. .-.

------------

1,373,612.

E. C. HANSON.
UNDERGROUND LOOP ANTENNA.
'APPLICATION fiLED MAR. 19, 1919.
J" . .71z)g'.-:t._I, . 4 2

Patented Apr. 5,1921.

Eig. 2 ·

WiTNESS:.
d·c8.~

INVENTOR.
~adrf.~~

~~ UNITED $TATES PATENT -oFFICE.

EARL C. :a:.L'J'SON, OF ·w.ASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF CCLU1d:BIA..
UNDERGROUND LOOP-.~'lT:E:-l'NA.

1,373,612.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Apr. 5, 1921.

Application ftled March 19, 191~. Serial No. 283,517.

To all to hom it m"JI ('oncn•n:

In .Figs. 1 and 2, the loop antenna sys-

Be it known that I.- EARL C. HA~so~, a tems are shown buried in a cor.rluit. This

citizen of the rnited States. and resident of conduit may be of any suitable mat~ria1. In

'Vashington. Di5t!'ict of Columbia, have in-
5 venterl ti. new and useful Improvement in
rntier_~round Loop-.\ntennre, of which the
follo\ving is a specification. 11-v innmtion reb.tes to underground an-
tenn~t systems for receiving radio signals, 10 a~Hl more partieubrly to underground loop
forms of ::mtennre.

some cases it would be feasible to emoloy 5·5 heavy insulated binding around the coln~ohi­
cr tions of the loop. Con::;idering the phennmenon indu('ed curr~nta in t~e verti~al loop coil, Fig. 1, from progressmg rachate!J wa.--re tr:tins per- 60 pendicnlar to the surface o: the eu.rth. it 1s ~ell known in th\3 art that radiat-e!.l ,V.aves

The. object oi thiE invention is to pro- de not penetrate earth or water to any ap'.·ide n. loop :1m:enna ad~1ptecl to be inca~ed preciable depth. To utilize this nhenom~non
in a condu!t and burieC. beneath the earth. in an underground leoo ~vste..:::n. t11e coil 65

A furthPr prcvid,~ such

object of the in,·ention is to. an nnileq.:.-round loop antenna

·shown in
mensiO•~;:,-

FiO'. anc't!?.

p.1~l .ni.csetlc

ons •h·.j.

truct Rnr.•n

ed n.

or snch eliG, ent' ,n as to

wi~h filter ..:nib inserted at interv:tls in the h1rns of the loop to pren~nt r~sponse to shock impulses produced by strny waYes.
20 Referrmg tG the drawings,

n!i.ow only the top ccmvolutions to he cut

by the progre~sing w·n.ve trains, thus induf!-

. ina -..~

currents

which ,w~1l

n-, ctuate

receivinoo ~

70

apparatus connectect to tne te.L:lliin!lls 3

Figure 1 shows diagrammatically an nnd 4.

un<ler~round --rertical loop antenna;

In. Fig. 2 the pr?gres~ir.g \adiated per-

Fig. 2 is a modifiration of Fig. 1: and pendicular waYe tr~uns w1l1 in~m.ce cu.Trents

indicates an underground loop antenna ar- in ·the turns of the horizontal loop and 75

4: 2o ranf!ed in a horizontal plane below the sur- thereby actuate receiving apparatus con-

face of the earth.

nected to the t~rminals 3 and

RefeiTing now more particularly to Fig. The filter coils 5 ,,·nile not absolutelv 1. reference ~hn.racter 2 represents a con- necessary are shown in the turns of the loon duit buriecl in the earth 1. The conduit 2 is !or the J?Urpose of rendering the antenna so

of 30 positione<l verticallv beneath the ear-th n.nd uresponsrve to any undesired f:requenc-v or

incloses a number convolutions of cable shock excitation. -

"

terminating at 3 n.nd 4. Suitablv located Resonant currents produced by pnssi.ng at intervals ir. the turns of the ~loop are "•ave trains of a defin1te frequency pass filter coils 5 for the purpose to be more ·fully ~reely throug~ the filter coils 5) while shock BS

35 described hereinafter.

1mpulses p-roauccd by stray wn:vcs or waves

Fig. 2 represents a loop antenna system of undesired frequencies are chok~d or fil-

similar to that disclosed in Fig. 1~ wherein tered out. By filter coils it will be under-

the plane of the looped turns is parallel stood bv those versed in the art is meant

to the earth's surface.

impedm1ce or retardation coils represented so

40 This loop system is connected to suitable at 5 throughout the several figures.

receiving aonaratus at terminals 3 and 4. \Vhile the s;~stem has been described for use in conjunction with receiving apparatus·. it is obviou::; that the antenna could be con~ <io nected at 3 and 4 wifn radio transmitting apparatus and oper:tted as a transmitting ~ntenna. In Figs. 1 aud 2~ the loop system Is sho~:n as bein!! undercround. but it is
well understood bv those 'skilled· in the art

·what I claim is:-
1. An underground nnten!l!1 system for ~adio signaling co:nprising a loope.d coil mclosed 1n a. condmt and arrang;ed perpen- 95 dicularlv to the surface of the~ earth, ·and means electricallv connect~d in t11e COllVC· lutions of the loop for substantially eliminating response to strays.
2. An underground antennn. system for 100

60 that such a loop antenna system can be sub- radio signalin~ comprisina a looped coil

merged in water.

ha"'ing a plur:1lity or tm.T.5 positioned per-

pendicularlv to the surface of the e~rth
urranged below said surface and a series of filter coils inserted at se\·eral points in the turns of the loopeJ coil for suhstantiallv 5 eliminating shock impulses in said coil. "
3. An underground antenna svstem for radio signaling comprising a looped coil in-

closed in a surface of

tchoenedauritthananddbiunrcieluddibne!n! eaatsh~'rihiees

J
:'

of inductance coils within the turns thereof 1o'l4

whereby respon~e to shock excitation is sub- ':S

~taInntitaelslivie~loinmyinwait'ede.EfiL~~ }i~\.~'gQ'i ~.r~

~~~~==~~~~

. _J. H. ROGERS.

RADIOSIGNALING SYSTEM,

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 9, 1920•.RENEWED SEPT•. 12, 1921.

1,395,454;.· .

.- _ _ Patented Nov._ -I, 1921.

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P2

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~

T'~_z~·

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........._

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~~~~ -----:1~~ INVENT~R. ATTORNEYS...

STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES HARRIS ROGERS, OF HYATTSVILLE, MARYLAND. RADIOSIGNALING SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov.t, 1921.

filed :March 9, 1920, Serial No. 364,400. Renewed September 12. 1~21. Serial No. 500,271.

it may concm"lt:

need not be illustrated it is conventionall ;'

known that I~ .T.urEs HARRIS RoG- shown at 14.

·

of the United States, residing at . A~y well-known or desired. radio signal-

' in the county of P~ince Georges mg- mstruments mav be associated with the 60

of :Maryland, have Invented cer- antenna in a well known manner, as by coils

und useful Improvements in Radio- 1:1. 16, of an inductive coupling or trans-

Systems. of which t~1e following former. In Fig. 1 receiving radio or maO'-

~,.-tion. · ' B I . I ' < J ' - ' . .

·

. netic wa \'e signaling instruments are co~-

invention relate~ to radio signaling ventionally shown in diagram, consisting of 65

for its obje('t the provision of an a cl~tector 17 of any type, preferably an

svstem for use in connection with audwn. telephone 18, and the usual cop-

especially submarine vessels.

densers 19 and 20.

inv·mtion includes the employment In Fig. 1a suitabJe sending instruments

antenna. or radio conductor upon are con\·entionallv · shown -in diagram. 70

the signal electromagnetic waves are These ·comprise a·· generator 21 or other

or from which such waves are ra- source of alternating- or other suitable cur-

sending, located within the metaJ- rent. transformer 22~ spark gap 23, con-

of the vesseL and in utilizing the · denser 24 nnd key 25. These instruments

itself as part of the system. This u:re. of conrse~ in the vessel and may be 75

specific 9bjects will be fully ex- substituted for the receiving set when it

hereinafter.

is desired to transmit signals.

inYention consists in th~ novel con- In ti1e operation of the- system as thus far

and arran~ement of parts of n described and supposing it is ·desire.d to

hereinafter described and rece.ive si~•1mls from another submarine or 80

and illustrated in the aecompanying other vessel. or from a land station. the re-

ings~ in which drawings:-

ceiving- vessel is manipulated if necessary

re 1 is a longitudinal section of a. to obtain the best directional effeet on ifs

with apparatus and circuits shown in nntenna. which. being tuned to the proper

wave-lenp:tb. yields signals with clearne:-;s 85

; shows a conventional arrangement ·an<l high audibility: It '"ill thus be seen

ing instruments which may be sub- that my ·antenna extends longitudinallv

d for the receiving instruments for within the vessel and is completely inclosecl

'tting signals;

by the metal '(such as iron or steel) thereof.

2. 3, 4 und !> show in diagntm vari- :Moreover, the antenna forms a part of n. 90

difications of the invention. the vessel loop conductor of which the hnll of the ves-

indicatetl in outline.

,

sel forms the other part.

Ting to the drawings and first par- In sending, the sending set is substituted

y to 'Fi~. 1 and 2 thereof; 10 ind.i- for the recejving set and key 25 is mimipu-

a vessel of the subina.i·ine type, having latecl as usual.

95

11ie hnll or sheathing- which includes Instead of ·havin~ the antenna. extend

m· upper surfa1·e as w~ll as the sidPs from end to end of the vessel. one portion
bottom. 'Yithin the ,·esse] is located an thert>of. as 11, mav be replaced by a capacitv ,·~~··--u..... or ra<lio eonductor 11-11' extend- plate 26 which is located in proximity tO,

.lon~ritud;nally of the vessel and having but separated bv insulation 27 .from the. bot- 100

eJHl;:.; electrieallv connected to the hull at tom or side o('the hull. A switch 28 mav

, an<l l:t 'Yhe1i the ends of the antenna be provided where it is desired to use or test

connl•cte<l to the bow and stern of the the capacity as a substitute for a part of the

rP~pecti,·ely. I obtain the greatest ad- antenna.

ntage of the hull for a straight a,ntenna In Fig-. 2~ I have shown a·coiled or looped 105

ted tl1erein. but it will be understood portion 20 included in the antenna, this op-

the :\htcnn'u maY be made shorter and eruting to obtain a greater length antenna etecl to the hnli at other points if de- and also improvin~ the results in some in· .

If the antenna is not the proper stances.

for the wave-length to be used. a Fig. 3 shows u closed circuit loop conduc· 110

·onclenser muy be employed us is well tor connected in the circuit of antenna 11,

-;,."lJ}.lC1e~rs1:-ood, and although it is thought this 11', the tu_nin$ conden.ser hP1ng in serie~ in

1,39~,4~4

the loop. The loop itself is in shunt to the and a · conductor ~xtending t" •.

coil 16 of indirect coupling. · ·

within an<l inclosed by and hav

Fig.· 4 shows a closed oscillating circuit electrically connected with said

looped antenna 31 entirely inclosoo within -or sheathing, and signill inst

5 the vessel but not connected electrically with ciateJ with said conductor.

the metallic hull or sheathing. The· tuning 6. A radio signal system havin

condenser is bridged across the circuit. oscillating loop circuit corn...·.."-:_.,

Fig. 5 ..shows a similar· arra.ngem·ent ex- metallic hnll or sheathing

capt that the condenser- is in series in the a conductor extending lOTl~ItuclnJtall

10 oscillating looped circuit. In both the ar- and inclosed by and havmg its

· rangements the signal instruments are as in trically connected with said ·

the other figures, and represenred broadly or sheathing, n turiing condenser by coil 16. Very good results are obtained with .saic! co~duct<;>r, and si~nal ·

by these arrangements.

.

associated w1th said conductor. ..

15 In accordance with the. patent statutes, I .7. A rat.1io signal syste~ ha ·

have described what I believe to be the best oscillating loop circuit comprising

embodiment of the inYention, but I do not lie hull or sheathing of a vessel

wish to be understood as thet~by limiting ductor extending longitudinally
myself or· the scope of the invention, as inclosed by and ha ,·ing its re~mecttv~

20 many changes ·-and modifications ma.y be·. eh•ctrieally eonnected with

made without departing from the spirit of ends of ~aid metallic. hull or

the invention and all such I aim to inClude tuning condenser in circuit with

within the scope of the a-ppended claims. ductor, and signal instruments

11'or instance~ a plurality of a.ntennre may be with snid conductor.

· .

·25 employed instead of one.

'

8. The combination with a vessel

'That I claim is:

·metallic hull or sheathing~ a closed

1. The combination with a submarine yes- ing loop within and inclosed by

sel having a metallic hull or sheathing. of shenthing. a conductor•extend

an antenna extending longitudinally within· side of S<lid loop and making e~"'"''~~ ....~'u·.l

30 and inclosed bv said hull or sheathing and ne<:tion with the hull or sheathing

·electrically connected to the same. and signal proximately one end of the vessel,

instruments associated with said antenna; dncto"r extenllin go from the other 2. The combinatit.Jn with a submarine -\·es- sai(l·loop an(l nl~lkin!! electrical COlnnt!cti
sel having a metnllic hull or sheathing. of with ~he.hnll or she~tthin;; at

35 an antenna within and inclosed bv said hull the .other en.J of tb~ vessel. an

of or sheuthing:. a portion at least of said netic 'Yn,.e sianal instruments
antenna extending longitudinally the YeS- with S<lid loop.~ "' .

sel. and electricallv connected to the hull 9. The combination with n v-essel o~ sheathing, and ·signal instrtiments asso- -a. metallic hull or sheathing, an

-40 ciated with sai~ an.tenna:

. .

loop "·ithin sa!·.l hal~ or sheatl;ing,

3. The combma~ton with a submarme ves- ductor connectm:r s:ud loop w1th the

sel having a metallic hull or sheathing. of ward end of said hull nnd a second

an antenna extending longitudinally within -ductor connecting said lo'op with the

and inclo'sed by said hull or sheathing 'vith wnru en!l of said J hull, and radio si

45 its enus at the ends of the vessel and elec- struments operativelY associated trically connected ~o r·orresponding ends of circuit thus formed. w

the same. and signal instruments associated 10. The combination with a vessel

with said antenna.

.

a metallie hull or sheathing, an v.,.......~...u·~~

4. A rad.io signal system hnxin~ a close(l loop within said hull or sheathing, a

50 o.scillnting kop ci~cuit comprising the metal- (luctor connecting- said loop with the

he hull or sheuthmg of a vessel utHl a con- W<trd end of sai'l hull and a second

ductor .extending longitudinally within anti dnctor connecting said loop with the

inclosed by apu haYing its ends electrically ward eml of said hnll. a tunin(l' con connected with said metallic hull or sheath- · in the circuit thus forn1ed. and ~adio

55 ing, and sianal instruments ns~ociated with in::truments onerati \·e1 \' n~sociated witb

said conductor.

.

circuit.

·· ~

· 5.•\. radio signal system having- a clo~ed In testimony whereof I affix my '

oscillating loop circuit comprising the metal- ture.

~

lie hull or sheathin!...!.. of- .a. sub. marine.. Yessel

Sept. 10, 1929.

Q. C. A. CRAUFURD ET Al WIRELESS SIGNALING SYSTEM Filed Oct. 31. 1928
Rg.i.

1,727,536

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